CN111149670B - Soilless cultivation method for waxberry seedlings - Google Patents
Soilless cultivation method for waxberry seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149670B CN111149670B CN202010035843.0A CN202010035843A CN111149670B CN 111149670 B CN111149670 B CN 111149670B CN 202010035843 A CN202010035843 A CN 202010035843A CN 111149670 B CN111149670 B CN 111149670B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a soilless cultivation method of waxberry seedlings, which comprises the following steps: selecting the type of a waxberry soilless culture substrate, preparing a soilless culture nutrient solution, planting a container and specification, and planting and maintaining management of seedlings; the waxberry soilless culture substrate comprises quartz sand or vermiculite and perlite in a weight ratio of 1: 1; the soilless culture nutrient solution contains nitrogen (N): 210-262 mg/L, potassium (K): 230-284mg/L, calcium (Ca): 158-184mg/L, phosphorus (P): 60-70mg/L, sulfur (S): 30-38Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 22-28mg/L, and the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.2-0.3mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.08-0.15mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.11-0.18mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.02-0.04mg/L, iron (Fe): 1.5-3.0mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.05-0.09mg/L and the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.0. The design of the invention can not be limited by fields, soil and seasons, can transplant seedlings with different seedling ages, has high transplant survival rate and shortened seedling revival period after transplantation, and can provide technical support for high-quality commercial breeding of the waxberry seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, relates to cultivation of waxberries, and particularly relates to a soilless cultivation method of waxberry seedlings.
Background
The waxberry is a special fruit tree in south China, has rich nutrition and delicious sour and sweet taste, is deeply favored by consumers, and is an important way for increasing the income of farmers in mountainous areas in south China to plant the waxberry. But colloquially speaking: the waxberry is difficult to plant after being eaten, because the waxberry seeds are thick and hard in seed skin and are difficult to absorb water and swell, the waxberry seeds are difficult to germinate and come out of the ground after being sown, and seedlings are difficult to breed.
The existing method for breeding the waxberry seedlings mainly comprises seedling breeding, cuttage breeding, grafting breeding and the like. Wherein the seedling breeding juvenile period is long, and 7-8 years are needed until the initial fruiting period; in the cuttage breeding, because the waxberry trees are rich in tannin, the cuttage rooting is difficult, the rooting survival rate is low, even if the survival rate can be improved by a special process, the steps are complicated, the actual operation is difficult, and the popularization and the application in the actual production are difficult; the grafting breeding is the optimal and most common method for breeding and producing the waxberry seedlings at present, the grafting method generally adopts methods such as cleft grafting, improved cutting grafting, subcutaneous grafting and the like, and the improved cutting grafting method has higher survival rate than other grafting methods.
The waxberry grafting seedling comprises a stock seedling and a scion, and because the waxberry is not easy to survive by grafting on the ground, a modified cutting grafting method of breeding stocks on the ground and separating soil is generally adopted, namely, the stock is dug out of the ground of a nursery before grafting, and is planted after being placed indoors for cutting. The seedling raising generally comprises the following main processes: (1) collecting and treating rootstock seeds; (2) preparing and sowing a seedbed; (3) transplanting and managing seedling plantlets (5-6 true leaves of stock seedlings); (4) grafting and transplanting stock seedlings (with the height of more than 40cm and the thickness of more than 0.6 cm); (5) cultivating and managing grafted seedlings; (6) and (5) outplanting the nursery stock.
The seedlings need to be transplanted twice in the 6-step seedling raising process, the transplanted seedlings are bare-rooted seedlings, the bare-rooted seedlings are placed in soil due to roots when going out of a nursery, the roots are easy to damage and hurt when digging out of the soil, only a small amount of original soil is left when going out of the soil, the transplanting of the bare-rooted seedlings can be only carried out in spring, the transplanting cannot be carried out in other seasons, inconvenience is brought to the transplanting operation, the transplanted seedlings do not grow on the soil of the original growing land, and the transplanted seedlings have a long seedling revival period. The growth vigor of the seedlings is weakened by the two times of transplanting, and the growth vigor of the red bayberries after transplanting is further weakened by the aid of soil replacement cultivation, so that the seedling survival rate is finally low, and the emergence rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the breeding technology, the invention designs the soilless cultivation method of the waxberry seedlings, which can transplant the seedlings with different seedling ages without being limited by fields, soil and seasons, has high transplant survival rate and shortened seedling revival period after transplantation, and can provide technical support for high-quality commercial breeding of the waxberry seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a soilless cultivation method of waxberry seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting the type of a waxberry soilless culture substrate, preparing a soilless culture nutrient solution, planting a container and specification, and planting and maintaining management of seedlings;
the selection of the type of the waxberry soilless culture substrate is as follows: comprises quartz sand or vermiculite and perlite in a weight ratio of 1: 1;
the preparation of the soilless culture nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 210-262 mg/L, potassium (K): 230-284mg/L, calcium (Ca): 158-184mg/L, phosphorus (P): 60-70mg/L, sulfur (S): 30-38Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 22-28mg/L, and the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.2-0.3mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.08-0.15mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.11-0.18mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.02-0.04mg/L, iron (Fe): 1.5-3.0mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.05-0.09mg/L, and the pH value range of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.0;
the planting container and the specification are as follows: the container adopts hard seedling pots, seedling pots with different specifications are selected according to the seedling age of transplanted seedlings, and the specification of the seedling pot of the seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 14cm, the bottom diameter is 10cm, the height is 12cm, and the specification of the seedling pot of the 1-year-old grafted seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 20cm, the bottom diameter is 18cm, the height is 24cm, and the specification of the seedling pot of the 2-year-old grafted seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 24.5cm, the bottom diameter is 20cm, and the height is 28 cm;
the nursery stock planting and maintenance management comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are moved out of the nursery, cleaning the soil remained at the roots with tap water or river water, planting the seedlings in seedling pots with corresponding specifications, immediately watering nutrient solution with a watering pot after planting, watering every 1 day within one week of planting, and optionally watering every 2 days after one week; the seedling-raising pots after planting can be placed in a greenhouse, outdoors and in a sunny room, and if the seedling-raising pots are placed outdoors, a simple shed needs to be built for rain and sun shielding; after 1-year-old grafted seedlings which are just grafted or 2-year-old grafted seedlings are cleaned and residual soil at roots are planted in seedling pots with corresponding specifications, nutrient solution is immediately poured by a watering pot after the planting, the nutrient solution is poured once every 1 day in a week of the planting, and the nutrient solution is poured once every 2 days in a week; and placing the seedling-raising pot after planting in a greenhouse for heat preservation and moisture preservation one month before.
Preferably, the diameter of the quartz sand grains comprises two specifications of 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the two specifications are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water, then acid-washed, finally washed to be neutral by water and dried for later use.
Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite and the perlite is 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, the obtained vermiculite mixture and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water and dried for later use.
Preferably, the nutrient solution contains nitrogen (N): 210mg/L, potassium (K): 235mg/L, calcium (Ca): 160mg/L, phosphorus (P): 60mg/L, sulfur (S): 30Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 24mg/L, the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.25mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.10mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.12mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.02mg/L, iron (Fe): 1.5mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.04 mg/L.
Preferably, the nutrient solution contains nitrogen (N): 258mg/L, potassium (K): 252mg/L, calcium (Ca): 168mg/L, phosphorus (P): 65mg/L, sulfur (S): 35Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 24mg/L, the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.27mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.12mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.13mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.03mg/L, iron (Fe): 2.5mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.06 mg/L.
Preferably, the nutrient solution contains nitrogen (N): 262mg/L, potassium (K): 284mg/L, calcium (Ca): 184mg/L, phosphorus (P): 70mg/L, sulfur (S): 38Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 28mg/L, trace element content is boron (B): 0.3mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.15mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.18mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.04mg/L, iron (Fe): 3.0mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.09 mg/L.
Preferably, the method for post-planting irrigation of the small seedlings of the waxberries comprises the steps of firstly irrigating the whole plant until water drops on leaf surfaces, and then thoroughly irrigating the matrix until nutrient solution seeps out of the bottom of a seedling pot; the method for watering the 1-year-old grafted seedlings or the 2-year-old grafted seedlings after field planting is to directly and thoroughly water the matrix until nutrient solution seeps out of the bottom of the seedling pot.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts a soilless culture method, the used culture medium is environment-friendly, pollution-free and reusable, the formula of the seedling transplanting nutrient solution is reasonable, the seedling transplanting nutrient solution is easy to absorb, the nutrition requirement of seedlings with different seedling ages after transplanting can be met, most importantly, the root activity can be improved, the root growth is promoted, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
Experiments show that the method can avoid the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests infected by soil, the transplanting survival rate of the seedling is 100 percent, and the transplanting survival rate of the 1-year or 2-year grafted seedlings is more than 90 percent.
Detailed Description
A soilless cultivation method of waxberry seedlings comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting the type of a soilless culture substrate of the waxberries, preparing a soilless culture nutrient solution, planting a container and specification, and planting and maintaining management of nursery stocks.
The selection of the type of the waxberry soilless culture substrate is as follows: comprises quartz sand or vermiculite and perlite in a weight ratio of 1: 1; the quartz sand grain diameter comprises two specifications of 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the two specifications are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water, then acid washed, finally washed to be neutral by water and dried for later use; the vermiculite and perlite matrix comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm of vermiculite grain diameter, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, the obtained vermiculite mixture and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water and dried for later use;
the preparation of the soilless culture nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 210-262 mg/L, potassium (K): 230-284mg/L, calcium (Ca): 158-184mg/L, phosphorus (P): 60-70mg/L, sulfur (S): 30-38Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 22-28mg/L, and the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.2-0.3mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.08-0.15mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.11-0.18mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.02-0.04mg/L, iron (Fe): 1.5-3.0mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.05-0.09 mg/L; the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.0.
In practice, the above elements are prepared from the following raw materials, including potassium nitrate (KNO)3) Calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH)4H2PO4) Magnesium sulfate (MgSO)4·7H2O), potassium chloride (KCl), boric acid (H)3BO3) Manganese sulfate (MnSO)4·H2O), zinc sulfate (ZnSO)4·7H2O), copper sulfate (CuSO)4·5H2O), sodium molybdate (NaMoO)4·2H2O) and chelated iron (Fe-EDTA), which are respectively prepared into 6 mother solutions comprising 4 major elements (KNO)3、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、 NH4H2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O), trace elements and iron elements.
The planting container and the specification are as follows: the container adopts hard seedling pots, seedling pots with different specifications are selected according to the seedling age of transplanted seedlings, and the specification of the seedling pot of the seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 14cm, the bottom diameter is 10cm, the height is 12cm, and the specification of the seedling pot of the 1-year-old grafted seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 20cm, the bottom diameter is 18cm, the height is 24cm, and the specification of the seedling pot of the 2-year-old grafted seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 24.5cm, the bottom diameter is 20cm, and the height is 28 cm;
the nursery stock planting and maintenance management comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are moved out of the nursery, cleaning the soil remained at the roots with tap water or river water, planting the seedlings in seedling pots with corresponding specifications, immediately watering nutrient solution with a watering pot after planting, watering every 1 day within one week of planting, and optionally watering every 2 days after one week; the seedling-raising pots after planting can be placed in a greenhouse, outdoors and in a sunny room, and if the seedling-raising pots are placed outdoors, a simple shed needs to be built for rain and sun shielding; after 1-year-old grafted seedlings which are just grafted or 2-year-old grafted seedlings are cleaned and residual soil at roots are planted in seedling pots with corresponding specifications, nutrient solution is immediately poured by a watering pot after the planting, the nutrient solution is poured once every 1 day in a week of the planting, and the nutrient solution is poured once every 2 days in a week; and placing the seedling-raising pot after planting in a greenhouse for heat preservation and moisture preservation one month before.
The method for watering the planted small waxberry seedlings comprises the steps of watering the whole waxberry seedlings until the leaves drip water, and watering the substrate thoroughly until nutrient solution seeps out of the bottoms of seedling pots; the method for watering the 1-year-old grafted seedlings or the 2-year-old grafted seedlings after field planting is to directly and thoroughly water the matrix until nutrient solution seeps out of the bottom of the seedling pot.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Taking Bayberry seedling seedlings (5-6 main leaves of stock seedlings), Bayberry grafting seedlings of Dongkui in 1 year and Bayberry grafting seedlings of Dongkui 2 years as example objects, selecting different substrates and different nutrient solutions for soilless culture, and taking soil culture as comparison.
Example 1, myrica rubra dongkui seedlings (stock seedlings 5-6 true leaves).
(1) Quartz sand is used as a substrate.
Taking quartz sand as a culture substrate: the quartz sand grain diameter comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the two are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water, then acid washed, finally washed to be neutral by water and dried for later use.
(2) The container all adopts stereoplasm plastics's seedling growing bowl, and the specification is: the upper caliber is 14cm, the bottom diameter is 10cm, the height is 12cm, the dried matrix is filled, the amount of the filled matrix is about 6cm away from the upper caliber, and the seedling is filled after being transplanted.
(3) Digging out 5-6 true-leaf seedlings from a nursery, carefully cleaning roots with a small amount of soil by using clear water, and transplanting the roots into a seedling pot containing a matrix.
(4) Preparing a nutrient solution (A): the nutrient solution contains nitrogen (N) as a major and medium element: 210mg/L, potassium (K): 235mg/L, calcium (Ca): 160mg/L, phosphorus (P): 60mg/L, sulfur (S): 30Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 24mg/L, the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.25mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.10mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.12mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.02mg/L, iron (Fe): 1.5mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.04mg/L, and the pH value range of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.0.
(5) And immediately watering the nutrient solution by using a watering pot after the field planting, wherein the watering method comprises the steps of watering the whole plant until the leaf surface drips, and then thoroughly watering the matrix until the nutrient solution seeps out of the bottom of the seedling pot. Watering every 1 day within one week of planting, and optionally watering every 2 days after one week; the seedling-raising pots after planting can be placed in a greenhouse, outdoors and in a sunny room, and if the seedling-raising pots are placed outdoors, a simple shed needs to be built for rain and sun shading.
Example 2 the substrate of example 1 was changed to vermiculite + perlite in a 1:1 weight ratio, otherwise the conditions were the same as in example 1.
The specification of the vermiculite is that the particle size of the vermiculite comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, then the vermiculite mixture and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water and dried for later use.
Example 3, 1 year old myrica rubra dongkui grafting.
(1) Quartz sand is used as a culture substrate.
Taking quartz sand as a culture substrate: the quartz sand grain diameter comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the two are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water, then acid washed, finally washed to be neutral by water and dried for later use.
(2) The container all adopts stereoplasm plastics's seedling growing bowl, and the specification is: the upper caliber is 20cm, the bottom diameter is 18cm, the height is 24cm, the dried matrix is filled, the amount of the filled matrix is about 18cm away from the upper caliber, and the matrix is filled after the grafted seedling is transplanted.
(3) And (3) carefully washing off a small amount of soil at the root of the grafted seedling which is just grafted by using clear water, and then transplanting the grafted seedling into a seedling pot containing a matrix.
(4) Preparing a nutrient solution (B): the nutrient solution contains nitrogen (N) as a major and medium element: 258mg/L, potassium (K): 252mg/L, calcium (Ca): 168mg/L, phosphorus (P): 65mg/L, sulfur (S): 35Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 24mg/L, the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.27mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.12mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.13mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.03mg/L, iron (Fe): 2.5mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.06 mg/L, and the pH value range of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.0.
(5) Immediately watering the nutrient solution by using a watering pot after the field planting, wherein the watering method comprises the step of watering the substrate thoroughly until the nutrient solution seeps out of the bottom of the seedling pot. Watering every 1 day within one week of planting, and optionally watering every 2 days after one week; and placing the seedling-raising pot after planting in a greenhouse for heat preservation and moisture preservation one month before.
Example 4 the substrate of example 3 was changed to vermiculite + perlite in a 1:1 weight ratio, otherwise the conditions were the same as in example 3.
The specification of the vermiculite is that the particle size of the vermiculite comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, then the vermiculite mixture and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water and dried for later use.
Example 5, 2-year old myrica rubra dongkui grafting.
(1) Quartz sand is used as a culture substrate.
Taking quartz sand as a culture substrate: the quartz sand grain diameter comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the two are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water, then acid washed, finally washed to be neutral by water and dried for later use.
(2) The container all adopts stereoplasm plastics's seedling growing bowl, and the specification is: the upper caliber is 24.5cm, the bottom diameter is 20cm, the height is 28cm, the dried matrix is filled, the amount of the filled matrix is about 20cm away from the upper caliber, and the seedling is filled after the grafted seedling is transplanted.
(3) The 2-year-old grafted seedlings which are just grafted are carefully washed off a small amount of soil at the roots by using clear water, and then are transplanted into a seedling pot containing a matrix.
(4) Preparing a nutrient solution (C): the nutrient solution contains nitrogen (N) as a major and medium element: 262mg/L, potassium (K): 284mg/L, calcium (Ca): 184mg/L, phosphorus (P): 70mg/L, sulfur (S): 38Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 28mg/L, trace element content is boron (B): 0.3mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.15mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.18mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.04mg/L, iron (Fe): 3.0mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.09 mg/L. The pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.0.
(5) Immediately watering the nutrient solution by using a watering pot after the field planting, wherein the watering method comprises the step of watering the substrate thoroughly until the nutrient solution seeps out of the bottom of the seedling pot. Watering every 1 day within one week of planting, and optionally watering every 2 days after one week; one month before the seedling pot, the seedling pot needs to be placed in a greenhouse for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
Example 6 the substrate of example 5 was changed to vermiculite + perlite in a 1:1 weight ratio, otherwise the conditions were the same as in example 5.
The specification of the vermiculite is that the particle size of the vermiculite comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, then the vermiculite mixture and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water and dried for later use.
The results of the above examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 cultivation survival rate and growth potential of nursery stock
The results of the above embodiments can show that aiming at the condition that the survival rate is not high due to weak growth potential of 2 times of seedling transplanting in seedling breeding, the soilless cultivation method for waxberry seedlings designed by the invention can transplant seedlings with different seedling ages and recover the growth potential of the seedlings, different nutrient solution formulas are designed for the seedlings with different seedling ages, the root system growth and development are promoted, the transplanting survival rate is high, and the practical application value is high.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change or modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical principle of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A soilless cultivation method of waxberry seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting the type of a waxberry soilless culture substrate, preparing a soilless culture nutrient solution, planting a container and specification, and planting and maintaining management of seedlings;
the selection of the type of the waxberry soilless culture substrate is as follows: comprises quartz sand or vermiculite and perlite in a weight ratio of 1: 1;
the preparation of the soilless culture nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 210-262 mg/L, potassium (K): 230-284mg/L, calcium (Ca): 158-184mg/L, phosphorus (P): 60-70mg/L, sulfur (S): 30-38Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 22-28mg/L, and the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.2-0.3mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.08-0.15mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.11-0.18mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.02-0.04mg/L, iron (Fe): 1.5-3.0mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.05-0.09mg/L, and the pH value range of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.0;
the planting container and the specification are as follows: the container adopts seedling pots made of hard plastics, the seedling pots with different specifications are selected according to the seedling age of transplanted seedlings, and the specification of the seedling pots of the seedling plantlets is as follows: the upper caliber is 14cm, the bottom diameter is 10cm, the height is 12cm, and the specification of the seedling pot of the 1-year-old grafted seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 20cm, the bottom diameter is 18cm, the height is 24cm, and the specification of the seedling pot of the 2-year-old grafted seedling is as follows: the upper caliber is 24.5cm, the bottom diameter is 20cm, and the height is 28 cm;
the nursery stock planting and maintenance management comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are moved out of the nursery, cleaning the soil remained at the roots with tap water or river water, planting the seedlings in seedling pots with corresponding specifications, immediately watering nutrient solution with a watering pot after planting, watering every 1 day within one week of planting, and optionally watering every 2 days after one week; placing the seedling-raising pots after field planting in a greenhouse or outdoors, and if the seedling-raising pots are placed outdoors, building a simple greenhouse for rain and sun shading; after 1-year-old grafted seedlings which are just grafted or 2-year-old grafted seedlings are cleaned and residual soil at roots are planted in seedling pots with corresponding specifications, nutrient solution is immediately poured by a watering pot after the planting, the nutrient solution is poured once every 1 day in a week of the planting, and the nutrient solution is poured once every 2 days in a week; and placing the seedling-raising pot after planting in a greenhouse for heat preservation and moisture preservation one month before.
2. The soilless cultivation method for waxberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: the quartz sand grain diameter comprises two specifications of 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm, the two specifications are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water, then acid washed, finally washed to be neutral by water and dried for later use.
3. The soilless cultivation method for waxberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: the vermiculite and perlite matrix comprises 0.5-1 mm and 1-3 mm of vermiculite grain diameter, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, the obtained vermiculite mixture and the perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is washed clean by tap water and dried for later use.
4. A method for soilless cultivation of red bayberry seedlings as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the nutrient solution contains preferred contents of major and medium elements as nitrogen (N): 210mg/L, potassium (K): 235mg/L, calcium (Ca): 160mg/L, phosphorus (P): 60mg/L, sulfur (S): 30Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 24mg/L, the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.25mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.10mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.12mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.02mg/L, iron (Fe): 1.5mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.04 mg/L.
5. A method for soilless cultivation of red bayberry seedlings as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the nutrient solution contains preferred contents of major and medium elements as nitrogen (N): 258mg/L, potassium (K): 252mg/L, calcium (Ca): 168mg/L, phosphorus (P): 65mg/L, sulfur (S): 35Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 24mg/L, the content of trace elements is boron (B): 0.27mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.12mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.13mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.03mg/L, iron (Fe): 2.5mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.06 mg/L.
6. A method for soilless cultivation of red bayberry seedlings as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the nutrient solution contains preferred contents of major and medium elements as nitrogen (N): 262mg/L, potassium (K): 284mg/L, calcium (Ca): 184mg/L, phosphorus (P): 70mg/L, sulfur (S): 38Mg/L, magnesium (Mg): 28mg/L, trace element content is boron (B): 0.3mg/L, manganese (Mn): 0.15mg/L, zinc (Zn): 0.18mg/L, copper (Cu): 0.04mg/L, iron (Fe): 3.0mg/L, molybdenum (Mo): 0.09 mg/L.
7. A method for soilless cultivation of red bayberry seedlings as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the method for watering the planted small waxberry seedlings comprises the steps of watering the whole waxberry seedlings until the leaves drip water, and watering the substrate thoroughly until nutrient solution seeps out of the bottoms of seedling pots; the method for watering the 1-year-old grafted seedlings or the 2-year-old grafted seedlings after field planting is to directly and thoroughly water the matrix until nutrient solution seeps out of the bottom of the seedling pot.
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