CN111133981A - Processing method and application of desmodium herb dregs - Google Patents
Processing method and application of desmodium herb dregs Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of medicine, and particularly relates to a processing method of desmodium herb dregs and application thereof. The processing method comprises the steps of heat dissipation and water control, fermentation, heating and pile turning, cooling and aging, airing and crushing. The processing method effectively solves the problem that the monetary herb residues pollute the environment. The processing method needs simple facilities, and can be processed only by a field with a top and a bottom; the nutrition indexes of the processed medicine dregs meet the requirements of serving as a seedling raising matrix, a soil covering matrix and an organic fertilizer; the biological conversion rate is high, and the biological conversion rate of the seedling substrate prepared from the monetary herb residues is 50-60%; has good economic benefit and can be used as a seedling culture substrate of renewable resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine waste application, and particularly relates to a processing method of desmodium herb dregs and application thereof.
Background
The treatment of the residue after extraction of the Chinese medicinal materials becomes a stabbing problem, such as herba Lysimachiae. The herba Lysimachiae Christinae is dried whole plant of primula family plant of Lysimachia christinae Hance. Has the effects of promoting diuresis and removing jaundice, promoting urination and treating stranguria, detoxifying and reducing swelling, and the like, and is a monarch drug of Chinese patent drug formulas of longhairy antenoron herb tablets, compound longhairy antenoron herb granules, hepatitis B treating granules, cholagogic tablets, cholagogic and lithagogue granules, hepatitis rehabilitation pills, golden and cholagogic capsules, choleretic capsules, uroschesis capsules and the like. The longhairy antenoron herb is used as bulk herb residue, the annual output is high, however, the extracted herb residue has high humidity, is not treated after being piled up for a long time and is easy to rot, a large number of sanitary pests are generated, and great trouble is brought to nearby residents. The discharge and treatment of the dregs after the extraction of the traditional Chinese medicine become a troublesome problem for pharmaceutical enterprises. The traditional Chinese medicine residue treatment method mainly comprises incineration and landfill treatment, and stacking in a fixed area, wherein the active ingredients which are not completely extracted migrate with water or are submerged underground after being leached by rainwater, so that the surface water, the underground water and the soil nearby are polluted.
The detection shows that the ex-situ lysimachia herb residue has high organic matter content and low heavy metal content, is a good raw material for manufacturing a flower and tree matrix, and the existing utilization of the lysimachia herb residue has no related research report in China, so that the processed lysimachia herb residue can have multiple purposes. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a treatment method of the lysimachia herb dregs and related application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a processing method of lysimachia herb residue, which overcomes the disadvantages of the existing lysimachia herb residue discarded as domestic waste, polluting the environment and occupying land resources, and provides technical support for resource utilization of the lysimachia herb residue.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the processing method of the desmodium herb dregs comprises the following steps:
1) heat dissipation and water control: naturally cooling the fresh herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue to reduce water content of herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue;
2) spreading the herba Lysimachiae residue obtained in step 1) into three layers of residues, uniformly spreading urea on the first layer of residues, uniformly spreading quicklime powder on the second layer of residues, uniformly spreading zymophyte agent on the third layer of residues, and stacking the layers one by one to make the fermentation height of the residues reach 1.1-1.7 m;
3) heating and turning: when the fermentation temperature of the medicine residues rises to 60-65 ℃, turning the piles, continuing to ferment, and continuously turning the piles for 2-3 times to enable the high-temperature stage to last for 15-20 days;
4) cooling and aging: when the fermentation temperature is reduced to below 45 ℃, aging is carried out until 30d-45
d, finishing fermentation;
5) airing and crushing: airing and crushing the desmodium herb dregs fermented in the step 4), and detecting the nutritional indexes of the desmodium herb dregs.
Further, the natural cooling time in the step 1) is 3-5 days, and the water content of the herba lysimachiae dregs is controlled to be 55% -70% by airing.
Further, in the step 2), the weight ratio of the urea to the medicine residues is 0.1%, the weight ratio of the zymophyte to the medicine residues is 0.1%, the thickness of each layer of medicine residues is 5-7cm, the height of a material pile formed by fully and uniformly mixing the three layers of medicine residues is more than 1.5 +/-0.2 m, the width is 4 m +/-0.2, and the initial pH value of fermentation is 7.0-7.5.
Further, crushing the aired herba lysimachiae dregs when the water content of the herba lysimachiae dregs is lower than 25%.
Furthermore, the nutrient indexes of the lysimachia residue in the step 5) are 61.47-70.6% of organic matter content, 2.58-3.35% of total nitrogen content, 0.54-0.79% of total phosphorus content, 1.74-2.28% of total potassium content, 5.20-5.88% of total nutrient content and 7.04-7.35% of PH.
Further, the conversion rate of the desmodium herb dregs is 50-60% (volume after fermentation/volume before fermentation).
The invention also aims to provide the application of the three processing methods of the lysimachia herb dregs, in particular to the application in preparing a lysimachia herb seedling raising matrix, the application in preparing an earth covering matrix and the application in preparing a lysimachia herb organic fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the processing method of the desmodium herb dregs is applied to the preparation of the desmodium herb seedling substrate.
Further, uniformly mixing the processed herba lysimachiae dregs and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:1, adjusting the water content of the herba lysimachiae dregs to 60% -65%, then sterilizing the herba lysimachiae dregs by using the dazomet, and using the herba lysimachiae dregs and the vermiculite as seedling culture substrates for various vegetable and flower seeds after 15 days.
Specifically, the herb residue of longhairy antenoron has an organic matter content of 88.48%, a total nitrogen content of 1.59%, a total potassium content of 2.08%, a total phosphorus content of 0.52%, an ash content of 11.52% and a carbon content of 40.86% by detecting the herb residue of longhairy antenoron. The contents of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in the herba Lysimachiae residue are 0.328, 0.769, 2.51, 0.666 and 15.8mg/kg respectively. The lysimachia herb residue has high organic matter content and low heavy metal content, and is a good raw material for making the flower and tree matrix.
With the development of floating seedling raising technology and the domestic flower industry, the demand for the substrate is increasing day by day. The current seedling substrate raw materials on the market have two types, one is imported peat (such as PINDSSTRUP/FAFARD in CLASMANN Denmark in Germany) used for high-grade flower seedling, the other is domestic grass peat (such as northeast grass peat and Vietnamese grass peat), the former is expensive, the latter is cheap, but both the imported peat and the domestic grass peat are non-renewable resources, and the storage capacity is limited. The waste Chinese medicine dregs in the pharmaceutical enterprises are rich in organic matters and mineral elements, the flower and tree matrix produced by the fermentation technology is loose and breathable, has strong water retention and fertilizer retention capacity and stability, is suitable for being well applied to the growth of flowers and trees, is low in price and rich in materials, and is an ideal grass carbon substitute product.
The flower and tree matrix produced by the fermentation technology is loose and breathable, has strong water retention and fertilizer retention capacity and stability, is suitable for being well applied to the growth of flowers and trees due to the pH value, is low in price and rich in materials, and is an ideal grass carbon substitute product. The processing provided by the invention also provides a resource utilization method for the high-cellulose degradation-resistant herb residues, promotes the classified utilization of the Chinese medicine residues, and can be smoothly applied to the subsequent treatment of other medicinal herb residues.
Further, the processing method of the lysimachia herb residues is applied to preparation of the soil covering matrix.
Further, covering the processed herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue on the perennial medicinal materials, covering a layer of chemical fertilizer, and then covering a layer of processed herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue.
Further, the processing method of the lysimachia herb residues is applied to preparation of the organic fertilizer of the lysimachia herb.
Further, in the processing method of the desmodium herb residue, 1.5% of oil tea cakes by mass percent are additionally added in the step 2), and the fermentation temperature is kept for 15d +/-3 d in the step 3), so that the fermentation is more sufficient.
The desmodium herb dregs as the culture medium have the effect of preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and are mainly used for killing pathogenic microorganisms, worm eggs and weed seeds through high-temperature fermentation, and meanwhile, 1.5 percent of tea-oil cakes containing saponin can be added in the final process stage, so that the occurrence of the insect pests can be effectively controlled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a processing method of desmodium herb residues, which adopts a microbial fermentation method for processing, and effectively solves the problem that the desmodium herb residues pollute the environment. The processing method needs simple facilities, and can be processed only by a field with a top and a bottom; the nutrition indexes of the processed medicine dregs meet the requirements of serving as a seedling raising matrix, a soil covering matrix and an organic fertilizer; the biological conversion rate is high, and the biological conversion rate of the seedling substrate prepared from the monetary herb residues is 50-60%; has good economic benefit and can be used as a seedling culture substrate of renewable resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the herb residue.
FIG. 2 shows the fermentation process of the monetary herb residue.
FIG. 3 shows the cultivation of lily seedlings with the seedling substrate prepared from the herb residue of Lysimachia christinae as the raw material in example 1.
FIG. 4 shows the cultivation of cucumber seedlings with the seedling substrate prepared from the herb residue of Christina loosestrife as the raw material in example 1.
FIG. 5 is the soil covering base prepared from the herb residue of Christina loosestrife in example 2.
Detailed Description
The examples are given for the purpose of better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1 method for preparing seedling raising substrate from herba lysimachiae dregs and application
(1) Heat dissipation and water control: naturally cooling fresh monetary herb residues for 3-5 days, and controlling the water content to be 55-70%;
(2) the herba lysimachiae fermentation process comprises the following steps: adding 0.1% urea, 0.3% quicklime and 0.1% zymogen agent into the above herba Lysimachiae herb residue, and spreading urea on a layer of residue with thickness of about 5-7 cm; spreading a layer of medicinal residue about 5-7cm, spreading quicklime, spreading a layer of medicinal residue, spreading zymogen, mixing, making into fermentation pile with length of 6 m, height of 1.1m and width of 4 m, covering with white film, and fermenting;
(3) fermentation temperature and turning: generally, the temperature of a fermentation material pile is raised to be above 60 ℃ for 2-3 days, the fermentation temperature is raised, the pile is turned, external medicine residues and internal medicine residues are uniformly mixed, and then fermentation is continued; continuously turning the pile for 2-3 times, wherein the high-temperature stage lasts for about 15 days;
(4) cooling and aging: the high temperature stage of 55-70 ℃ lasts for about 15 days approximately, then the temperature is reduced to 40-50 ℃, the duration of the temperature reduction stage is long, and the fermentation process can be finished when the total fermentation time is about 30 days in order to avoid excessive decomposition of cellulose;
(5) airing and crushing the matrix: placing the fermented herba Lysimachiae herb residue outdoor for airing, and pulverizing and packaging when the water content is below 25%;
(6) the nutritional indexes of the lysimachia substrate are as follows: the culture medium processed by the method has the organic matter content of 61.47-70.6 percent, the total nitrogen content of 2.58-3.35 percent, the total phosphorus content of 0.54-0.79 percent, the total potassium content of 1.74-2.28 percent, the total nutrient content of 5.20-5.88 percent and the PH value of 6.5-7.0;
(7) the money herb residue substrate is applied to vegetable and flower seedling culture. Uniformly mixing fermented and decomposed herba lysimachiae dregs with vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:1, adjusting the water content of the matrix to 60% -65%, and disinfecting the matrix by utilizing dazomet. And 7d, the seedling culture medium can be used for seedling culture of various vegetable and flower seeds, such as lily seedlings and cucumber seedlings (shown in figures 3-4).
Example 2 method for preparing soil covering matrix from herba Lysimachiae decoction dregs and application
(1) Heat dissipation and water control: naturally cooling fresh monetary herb residues for 3-5 days, and controlling the water content to be 55-70%;
(2) the herba lysimachiae fermentation process comprises the following steps: adding 0.1% urea, 0.3% quicklime and 0.1% zymogen agent into the above herba Lysimachiae herb residue, and spreading urea on a layer of residue with thickness of about 5-7 cm; spreading a layer of medicinal residue about 5-7cm, spreading quicklime, spreading a layer of medicinal residue, spreading zymogen, mixing, making into fermentation pile with length of 6 m, height of 1.1m and width of 4 m, covering with white film, and fermenting;
(3) fermentation temperature and turning: generally, the temperature of the fermentation material pile is raised to be above 60 ℃ for 2-3 days, when the temperature is raised to 65 ℃ to enable the temperature to be about, the pile is turned, external medicine residues and internal medicine residues are uniformly mixed, then the fermentation is continued, the pile is continuously turned for 2-3 times, and the high-temperature stage lasts for about 15 days;
(4) cooling and aging: the high temperature stage of 55-70 ℃ lasts for about 15 days approximately, and then when the temperature is reduced to about 45 ℃, the duration of the cooling stage is longer, so that the fermentation can be finished when the total fermentation time is about 30 days in order to avoid excessive decomposition of cellulose;
(5) airing and crushing the matrix: placing the fermented herba Lysimachiae herb residue outdoor for airing, and pulverizing and packaging when the water content is below 25%;
(6) the nutritional indexes of the lysimachia substrate are as follows: the culture medium processed by the method has the organic matter content of 61.47-70.6 percent, the total nitrogen content of 2.58-3.35 percent, the total phosphorus content of 0.54-0.79 percent, the total potassium content of 1.74-2.28 percent, the total nutrient content of 5.20-5.88 percent and the PH value of 7.04-7.35;
(7) the monetary herb residue matrix is applied to a covering matrix of crops, for example, the monetary herb residue is covered on perennial medicinal materials such as lily, rhizoma polygonati, rhizoma atractylodis and the like, so that on one hand, the growth of weeds can be reduced, on the other hand, a chemical fertilizer can be applied on the covering matrix, and then a layer of covering soil matrix is covered, so that the fertilizer effect can be maintained. The use of fertilizer and pesticide is reduced (figure 5).
The results of comparing the processed herba Lysimachiae Christinae substrate with other seedling raising materials by physical and chemical tests are shown in Table 1. Therefore, the method can be used for preparing an ideal seedling substrate product after the treatment and processing of the monetary herb residues.
TABLE 1
Example 3 method for preparing organic fertilizer from herba lysimachiae dregs and application
(1) Heat dissipation and water control: naturally cooling fresh monetary herb residues for 3-5 days, and controlling the water content to be 55-70%;
(2) the herba lysimachiae fermentation process comprises the following steps: adding 15% rape seed cake, 0.1% urea, 0.3% lime and 0.1% zymogen agent into the above herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue, and spreading urea in a layer of residue with thickness of 5-7 cm; spreading a layer of medicinal residue about 5-7cm, spreading lime, spreading a layer of medicinal residue, spreading zymogen, mixing, covering with a white film, and fermenting;
(3) fermentation temperature and turning: generally, the temperature of the fermentation material pile is raised to be above 60 ℃ for 2-3 days, when the temperature is raised to be about 70 ℃, the pile is turned, the external medicine dregs and the internal medicine dregs are uniformly mixed, and then the fermentation is continued. Continuously turning the pile for 2-3 times, and continuing for about 20 days in the high-temperature stage;
(4) cooling and aging: the high temperature stage of 55-70 ℃ lasts about 20 ℃ approximately, then the temperature is reduced to 40-50 ℃, the duration of the temperature reduction stage is long, and the fermentation process can be finished when the total fermentation time is about 30d in order to avoid excessive decomposition of cellulose;
(5) airing and crushing materials: placing the fermented herba Lysimachiae herb residue outdoor for airing, and pulverizing and packaging when the water content is below 25%;
(6) the nutritional indexes of the desmodium organic fertilizer are as follows: the culture medium processed by the method has the organic matter content of 61.47-70.6 percent, the total nitrogen content of 2.58-3.35 percent, the total phosphorus content of 0.54-0.79 percent, the total potassium content of 1.74-2.28 percent, the total nutrient content of 5.20-5.88 percent and the PH value of 7.04-7.35;
(7) all indexes of the monetary herb residue matrix also meet all requirements of NY525-2012 standard, and the substrate is suitable for applying base fertilizers of crops such as fruits, vegetables and the like.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of herba Lysimachiae dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) heat dissipation and water control: naturally cooling the fresh herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue to reduce water content of herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue;
2) fermentation: paving three layers of the herba lysimachiae dregs obtained in the step 1), uniformly spreading quicklime powder on the first layer of dregs, uniformly spreading raw urea on the second layer of dregs, uniformly spreading zymophyte on the third layer of dregs, and overlapping the layers to ensure that the fermentation height of the dregs reaches 1.1-1.7 m;
3) heating and turning: when the fermentation temperature of the medicine residues rises to 60-65 ℃, turning, continuing to ferment after turning, and continuously turning for 2-3 times to enable the high-temperature stage to last for 15-20 d;
4) cooling and aging: when the fermentation temperature is reduced to below 45 ℃, aging is carried out, and the fermentation is finished when the fermentation temperature is 30-45 d;
5) airing and crushing: airing and crushing the desmodium herb dregs fermented in the step 4), and detecting the nutritional indexes of the desmodium herb dregs.
2. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the natural cooling time in step 1) is 3-5 days, and the water content of the herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue is controlled at 55-70% by air drying.
3. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the urea in the step 2) is 0.1%, the concentration of the fermentation inoculant is 0.1%, the thickness of each layer of decoction dregs is 5-7cm, the three layers of decoction dregs are fully mixed into a material pile, the height is 1.5 +/-0.2 m, the width is 4 m +/-0.2 m, and the initial pH of fermentation is 7.0-7.5.
4. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the herb residue after air-drying in step 5) is pulverized when the water content is less than 25%.
5. The processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutritional indicators of the herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue in step 5) are 61.47% -70.60% of organic matter content, 2.58% -3.35% of total nitrogen content, 0.54% -0.79% of total phosphorus content, 1.74% -2.28% of total potassium content, 5.20% -5.88% of total nutrient content and 7.04-7.35 of pH.
6. Use of the method of processing herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue as defined in any one of claims 1-5 in preparing herba Lysimachiae Christinae seedling raising matrix.
7. The application of claim 6, wherein the processed herba Lysimachiae Christinae residue and vermiculite are mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio of 3:1, the water content is adjusted to 60% -65%, and then the mixture is sterilized by using dazomet and can be used as a seedling culture medium for various vegetable and flower seeds after 15 days.
8. Use of the method of processing of lysimachia residues according to any one of claims 1-5 in the preparation of a soil-covered substrate.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the processed herba Lysimachiae residue is overlaid on the perennial medicinal material, and a layer of the processed herba Lysimachiae residue is overlaid after a layer of chemical fertilizer is applied.
10. The application of the processing method of the desmodium herb residues in preparing the desmodium organic fertilizer is characterized in that in the processing method of the desmodium herb residues, 1.5 percent of oil tea cakes by mass are additionally added in the step 2), and the fermentation temperature is kept for 15d +/-3 d in the step 3), so that the fermentation is more complete.
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| CN112219662A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Propagation method of rhizoma acori graminei |
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