CN111129513B - 一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111129513B CN111129513B CN201911381132.2A CN201911381132A CN111129513B CN 111129513 B CN111129513 B CN 111129513B CN 201911381132 A CN201911381132 A CN 201911381132A CN 111129513 B CN111129513 B CN 111129513B
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- platinum metal
- acetylacetonate
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- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical class [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KLFRPGNCEJNEKU-FDGPNNRMSA-L (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O KLFRPGNCEJNEKU-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- MBVAQOHBPXKYMF-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O MBVAQOHBPXKYMF-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LOIBXBUXWRVJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylaniline Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LOIBXBUXWRVJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003803 Gold(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021639 Iridium tetrachloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940076131 gold trichloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N iron;(z)-4-oxoniumylidenepent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)(Cl)Cl CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002849 PtRu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002844 PtNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-bipyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIDUBFKLNRRLDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[Pt].[C] Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt].[C] JIDUBFKLNRRLDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 244000185180 Pyrus betulifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006877 Pyrus betulifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/083—Alkaline fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
本发明属于金属电催化剂技术领域,涉及一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法及应用。所述方法将铂金属盐、M金属盐、含氮配体分散于溶剂中,超声得到均一溶液;将此均一溶液置于水浴中,20~90℃搅拌;加入分散在溶剂中的碳载体,超声后在20~120℃搅拌蒸干溶剂,得到黑色混合物;烘干、研磨后,在惰性气氛中、200~1100℃条件下碳化0.1~3h;将惰性气体换成还原性气体,刻蚀附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物即得。本发明制备方法无需使用表面活性剂,所制备的氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂具有较高的电催化活性,适用于氢氧根交换膜燃料电池阳极氢氧化反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属电催化剂技术领域,涉及一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
对于H2-O2型氢氧根交换膜燃料电池,阴极进行氧还原反应(1/2O2+H2O+2e-→2OH-),产生的OH-经氢氧根交换膜传递至阳极侧。在阳极侧燃料H2完成氢氧化反应(H2+2OH-→2H2O+2e-),使得燃料H2中的化学能转化为电能。近几年,随着高性能氢氧根交换膜以及阴极ORR电催化剂的开发,氢氧根交换膜燃料电池有望替代质子交换膜燃料电池,成为下一代高效、低成本能源转换装置。然而氢氧根交换膜燃料电池的商业化也存在一些问题,比如阳极氢氧化反应速率要比质子交换膜燃料电池低1-2个数量级。因此,开发高性能、低成本的氢氧根交换膜燃料电池阳极氢氧化电催化剂,尤其促使金属球形纳米颗粒均匀地分散在碳载体上且通过引入其他廉价金属调变Pt的电子结构或增加其他活性位点以提高Pt的利用率已成为了氢氧交换膜燃料电池领域内的一个新的研究热点。
Lu等将Pt、Ni金属盐前驱体、表面活性剂、溶剂混合进行高温反应;离心、洗涤、载碳得到碳担载的高分散PtNi金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂。但是表面活性剂的使用会覆盖部分的Pt活性位,且制备的PtNi/C电催化剂中Pt组分含量一直较高(Pt/(Pt+Ni):80wt%),因此,制备的PtNi/C电催化剂的碱性氢氧化质量比活性不高(470A gPt -1,Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society,2017,139,5156-5163)。
李程程等以杜梨杆水提物为稳定剂、还原剂制备粒径均一的贵金属球形纳米颗粒,且合成时无需添加其他化学试剂,但是制备得到的贵金属球形纳米颗粒尺寸较大(Au:52.2nm),不利于提高贵金属的利用率(专利申请号:201910122391.7)。万颖将低阶酚醛树脂、表面活性剂F127和氮源混合煅烧得到氮掺杂介孔碳;然后浸渍钯盐、通入H2还原金属盐,得到金属颗粒粒径小且分散均匀的氮掺杂碳担载的贵金属球形纳米颗粒材料。但是低阶酚醛树脂合成时使用较多毒性大的化学试剂,危害坏境(专利申请号:201910361025.7)。张程伟等使用废弃的烟蒂滤芯作为碳源以及氮源,一步生成氮掺杂的多孔碳材料;然后浸渍铂盐、镍盐,气相还原得到高性能氮掺杂多孔碳负载PtNi合金颗粒甲醇燃料电池催化剂,但是氮掺杂多孔碳合成步骤复杂,不利于大规模生产(专利申请号:201811001681.8)。
综上所述,已报道的文章中碱性氢氧化电催化剂或已报道的专利中氮掺杂碳负载纳米金属催化剂的合成方法多需使用环境不友好的表面活性剂或化学试剂;合成步骤复杂或得到贵金属球形纳米颗粒利用率不高。因此,研究适用于氢氧根交换膜燃料电池阳极的氢氧化钠反应具有重要的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而用于氢氧根交换膜燃料电池阳极氢氧化反应的氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法及应用。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用技术方案:
本发明一方面提供了一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
将铂金属盐、M金属盐、含氮配体分散于溶剂中,超声得到均一溶液;将此均一溶液置于水浴中,20~90℃条件下,搅拌促使金属阳离子与含氮配体配位;然后,加入分散在溶剂中的碳载体,超声后在20~120℃条件下,搅拌蒸干溶剂,得到黑色混合物;烘干、研磨后,在惰性气氛中、200~1100℃条件下碳化0.1~3h;将惰性气体换成还原性气体,刻蚀附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物,得到氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂;
所述铂金属盐为氯铂酸、氯亚铂酸、氯铂酸钾、氯亚铂酸钾、氯铂酸钠、氯亚铂酸钠、氯铂酸铵、氯亚铂酸铵、乙酰丙酮铂的一种或多种混合物;
所述M金属盐为乙酰丙酮钌、三氯化钌、氯钌酸、氯钌酸钾、氯钌酸钠、氯钌酸铵、氯亚钌酸铵、乙酰丙酮铑、三氯化铑、氯铑酸、氯铑酸钾、氯铑酸钠、氯铑酸铵、乙酰丙酮钯、二氯化钯、氯钯酸钾、氯钯酸钠、氯钯酸铵、氯亚钯酸钾、氯亚钯酸钠、氯亚钯酸铵、氯亚钯酸、乙酰丙酮铱、三氯化铱、四氯化铱、氯铱酸、氯铱酸钠、氯铱酸钾、氯铱酸铵、乙酰丙酮金、三氯化金、氯金酸、氯金酸钠、氯金酸钾、氯金酸铵、乙酰丙酮铁、醋酸铁、硫酸铁、氯化铁、硝酸铁、乙酰丙酮钴、醋酸钴、硫酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸钴、乙酰丙酮镍、醋酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍、硝酸镍、乙酰丙酮铜、醋酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜、硝酸铜中的一种或多种混合物;
所述含氮配体为双氰胺、4,4’-联吡啶、2,2’-联吡啶、邻菲罗啉、三聚氰胺、苯二胺、4,4’-二氨基三联苯中的一种或两种以上的混合物;所述溶剂为乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或多种混合物。
上述技术方案中,进一步地,所述铂金属盐在溶剂中的浓度为1~50mmol l-1;所述M金属盐在溶剂中的浓度为5~100mmol l-1;所述铂金属盐与M金属盐的摩尔比为0.01~1;所述含氮配体在溶剂中的浓度为5~60mg ml-1;所述碳载体在溶剂中的浓度为1~20mgml-1。
上述技术方案中,进一步地,所述的碳载体为炭黑、活性炭、石墨烯、碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种混合物。
上述技术方案中,进一步地,所述惰性气氛为氦气、氩气、氮气中的一种或多种混合气体。
上述技术方案中,进一步地,所述还原性气氛为氢气、氨气中的一种或多种混合气体。
上述技术方案中,进一步地,所述超声的时间为0.1~1h。
本发明第二方面提供了一种由前述制备方法制备得到的氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂。
本发明第三方面提供了氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂在氢氧根交换膜燃料电池阳极的氢氧化反应中的应用。
本发明制备的担载型电催化剂,低铂金属球形纳米颗粒均匀地分散在氮掺杂碳载体上,颗粒直径约为3.0nm。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明无需使用表面活性剂,使用配位-浸渍-还原-刻蚀方法简单快速地制备了氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂,制备工艺简单易行,易于规模化生产,采用含氮配体与金属阳离子Pt以及M配位,促使螯合的金属化合物均匀负载在碳载体上,且通过控制碳化温度以及碳化气氛、还原气氛,提高了金属球形纳米颗粒的分散性;引入金属M调变了Pt的电子结构且增加了其他活性位点,所制备的氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂具有较高的电催化活性,适用于氢氧根交换膜燃料电池阳极氢氧化反应。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备样品的透射电镜(TEM)照片。
图2是实施例1制备样品的粒径分布图;
图3是实施例1制备样品的热重分析(TG)曲线;
图4是实施例1制备样品与商业铂/碳、铂钌/碳(20wt%,Johnson Matthey)以及未掺杂第二金属的Pt/N-C电催化剂的碱性氢氧化塔菲尔曲线;
图5是实施例2制备样品的TEM照片。
图6是实施例2制备样品的粒径分布图;
图7是实施例2制备样品的TG曲线;
图8是实施例2制备样品的光电子能谱(XPS);a)N 1s XPS谱图,b)Pt 4fXPS谱图,c)Ru3p XPS谱图;
图9是实施例2制备样品与商业铂/碳(20wt%,Johnson Matthey)以及铂钌/碳(60wt%,Johnson Matthey)电催化剂的氢氧根交换膜燃料电池单池性能图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。以下实施例中的铂/碳(20wt%,Johnson Matthey)以及铂钌/碳(60wt%,Johnson Matthey)均通过商业途径购买得到。
实施例1:
将乙酰丙酮铂(0.08mmol)、氯化钌(0.16mmol)、4,4’-联吡啶(80mg)分散于乙醇(10ml)中,超声30min得到均一溶液;将均一溶液置于水浴中,在80℃条件下,搅拌促使Pt2+、Ru3+与4,4’-联吡啶配位;然后,加入分散在乙醇(10ml)中的活性炭(180mg),超声30min;在85℃条件下,搅拌蒸干乙醇,得到黑色混合物;经真空烘干、研磨后,在Ar气氛中、700℃条件下碳化1h;紧接着将惰性气体切换成氨气,去除附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物,最终得到氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的PtRu2金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂;
如图1,TEM结果表明所得产物为氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的PtRu2纳米球形颗粒电催化剂。
如图2,经粒径统计可知PtRu2球形颗粒的粒径大约为2.6nm。
如图3,TG确定所得产物中PtRu2的载量为7wt%。
如图4,所制备的PtRu2/N-C电催化剂的碱性氢氧化活性(1513A gPtRu -1)优于商业铂/碳(352A gPt -1)、铂钌/碳(1213A gPtRu -1)以及未掺杂第二金属的Pt/N-C(338A gPt -1),质量比活性分别是铂/碳和铂钌/碳的4.3和1.3倍。
实施例2:
将乙酰丙酮铂(0.08mmol)、乙酰丙酮钌(0.24mmol)、邻菲罗啉(150mg)分散于乙醇(8ml)中,超声20min得到均一溶液;将均一溶液置于水浴中,在85℃条件下,搅拌促使Pt2+、Ru3+与邻菲罗啉配位;然后,加入分散在乙醇(10ml)中的活性炭(160mg),超声30min;在85℃条件下,搅拌蒸干乙醇,得到黑色混合物;经真空烘干、研磨后,在N2气氛中、600℃条件下碳化1.5h;紧接着将惰性气体切换成氨气,去除附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物,最终得到氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的PtRu3金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂;
如图5,TEM结果表明所得产物为氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的PtRu3球形纳米颗粒电催化剂。
如图6,经粒径统计可知PtRu3球形颗粒的粒径大约为2.9nm。
如图7,TG确定所得产物中PtRu3的载量为19wt%。
如图8,XPS证明存在N组分(元素分析检测N的含量为2.0wt%),Ru的掺杂促进Pt失去电子,有利于氢氧根的吸附。
如图9,所制备的PtRu3/N-C电催化剂的氢氧根交换膜燃料电池单池性能优于商业铂/碳以及铂钌碳,分别是商业铂/碳以及铂钌碳的1.8和1.1倍。
实施例3:
将乙酰丙酮铂(0.08mmol)、乙酰丙酮镍(0.24mmol)、2,2’-联吡啶(300mg)分散于乙醇(12ml)中,超声40min得到均一溶液;将均一溶液置于水浴中,在90℃条件下,搅拌促使Pt2+、Ni2+与2,2’-联吡啶配位;然后,加入分散在乙醇(10ml)中的活性炭(120mg),超声30min;在90℃条件下,搅拌蒸干乙醇,得到黑色混合物;经真空烘干、研磨后,在N2气氛中、900℃条件下碳化20min;紧接着将惰性气体切换成氢气,去除附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物,最终得到氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的PtNi3金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂;
实施例4:
将乙酰丙酮铂(0.12mmol)、醋酸钴(0.24mmol)、2,2’-联吡啶(100mg)分散于乙醇(10ml)中,超声40min得到均一溶液;将均一溶液置于水浴中,在90℃条件下,搅拌促使Pt2+、Co2+与2,2’-联吡啶配位;然后,加入分散在乙醇(10ml)中的石墨烯(120mg),超声30min;在90℃条件下,搅拌蒸干乙醇,得到黑色混合物;经真空烘干、研磨后,在N2气氛中、900℃条件下碳化20min;紧接着将惰性气体切换成氢气,去除附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物,最终得到氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的PtCo2金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂;
实施例5:
将乙酰丙酮铂(0.16mmol)、乙酰丙酮钯(0.48mmol)、2,2’-联吡啶(120mg)分散于丙醇(10ml)中,超声40min得到均一溶液;将均一溶液置于水浴中,在90℃条件下,搅拌促使Pt2+、Pd2+与2,2’-联吡啶配位;然后,加入分散在丙醇(10ml)中的碳纳米管(100mg),超声30min;在100℃条件下,搅拌蒸干丙醇,得到黑色混合物;经真空烘干、研磨后,在Ar气氛中、800℃条件下碳化10min;紧接着将惰性气体切换成氨气,去除附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物,最终得到氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的PtPd3金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂。
对于任何熟悉本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案作出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均应仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法步骤如下:
将铂金属盐、M金属盐、含氮配体分散于溶剂中,超声得到均一溶液;将此均一溶液置于水浴中,20~90℃条件下,搅拌;然后,加入分散在溶剂中的碳载体,超声后在20~120℃条件下,搅拌蒸干溶剂,得到黑色混合物;烘干、研磨后,在惰性气氛中、200~1100℃条件下碳化0.1~3h;将惰性气体换成还原性气体,刻蚀附着在金属颗粒表面的沉淀物,得到氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂;
所述铂金属盐为氯铂酸、氯亚铂酸、氯铂酸钾、氯亚铂酸钾、氯铂酸钠、氯亚铂酸钠、氯铂酸铵、氯亚铂酸铵、乙酰丙酮铂的一种或多种混合物;
所述M金属盐为乙酰丙酮钌、三氯化钌、氯钌酸、氯钌酸钾、氯钌酸钠、氯钌酸铵、氯亚钌酸铵、乙酰丙酮铑、三氯化铑、氯铑酸、氯铑酸钾、氯铑酸钠、氯铑酸铵、乙酰丙酮钯、二氯化钯、氯钯酸钾、氯钯酸钠、氯钯酸铵、氯亚钯酸钾、氯亚钯酸钠、氯亚钯酸铵、氯亚钯酸、乙酰丙酮铱、三氯化铱、四氯化铱、氯铱酸、氯铱酸钠、氯铱酸钾、氯铱酸铵、乙酰丙酮金、三氯化金、氯金酸、氯金酸钠、氯金酸钾、氯金酸铵、乙酰丙酮铁、醋酸铁、硫酸铁、氯化铁、硝酸铁、乙酰丙酮钴、醋酸钴、硫酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸钴、乙酰丙酮镍、醋酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍、硝酸镍、乙酰丙酮铜、醋酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜、硝酸铜中的一种或多种混合物;
所述含氮配体为双氰胺、4,4’-联吡啶、2,2’-联吡啶、邻菲罗啉、三聚氰胺、苯二胺、4,4’-二氨基三联苯中的一种或两种以上的混合物;
所述溶剂为乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或多种混合物;
所述铂金属盐在溶剂中的浓度为1~50mmol l-1;
所述M金属盐在溶剂中的浓度为5~100mmol l-1;
所述铂金属盐与M金属盐的摩尔比为0.01~1;
所述含氮配体在溶剂中的浓度为5~60mg ml-1;
所述碳载体在溶剂中的浓度为1~20mg ml-1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的碳载体为炭黑、活性炭、石墨烯、碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的惰性气氛为氦气、氩气、氮气中的一种或多种混合气体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的还原性气氛为氢气、氨气中的一种或多种混合气体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超声的时间为0.1~1h。
6.一种由权利要求1~5任一制备方法制备得到的氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂。
7.权利要求6所述的氮掺杂碳担载粒径均一的低铂金属球形纳米颗粒电催化剂应用于氢氧根交换膜燃料电池阳极的氢氧化反应。
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