CN111093963B - 成形体 - Google Patents
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- CN111093963B CN111093963B CN201680035220.5A CN201680035220A CN111093963B CN 111093963 B CN111093963 B CN 111093963B CN 201680035220 A CN201680035220 A CN 201680035220A CN 111093963 B CN111093963 B CN 111093963B
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种成形体,其具备硬涂层,所述硬涂层具有高的表面硬度、弯曲性及耐热性、加工性优异。本发明的成形体具有曲面形状,所述成形体至少包含硬涂层、基材层、热塑性树脂层,其中,成形体的最表面为所述硬涂层,所述硬涂层由固化性组合物的固化物形成,所述固化性组合物至少含有阳离子固化性有机硅树脂、流平剂,所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂含有倍半硅氧烷单元,总单体单元中具有环氧基的单体单元的比例为50摩尔%以上,且所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂具有1000~3000的数均分子量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有至少含有硬涂层、基材层、热塑性树脂层并具有曲面形状的成形体。由于该硬涂层具有高的表面硬度及弯曲性等,因此,在最表面层具有其的成形体可以作为玻璃替代物等利用于硬涂膜等。本申请主张2015年6月17日在日本申请的日本特愿2015-122342号的优先权,在此引用其内容。
背景技术
目前,正在流通一种在基材的单面或双面具有硬涂层且该硬涂层表面的铅笔硬度为3H左右的硬涂膜。作为用于形成这种硬涂膜的硬涂层的材料,主要使用UV丙烯酸单体(例如参照专利文献1)。为了进一步提高上述硬涂层表面的铅笔硬度,也有在硬涂层中添加纳米粒子的实例。
另一方面,已知有玻璃作为具有非常高的表面硬度的材料,特别是已知有通过碱离子交换处理而将表面的铅笔硬度提高至9H的玻璃,但由于挠性及加工性不足,因此,不能以卷对卷方式制造或加工,需要以单片制造或加工,而耗费高的生产成本。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2009-279840号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
但是,使用了上述的UV丙烯酸单体的硬涂膜等成形体还不能说具有充分的表面硬度。一般而言,为了进一步提高硬度,考虑使UV丙烯酸单体为多官能,或使硬涂层厚膜化的方法,但在采用这种方法的情况下,硬涂层的固化收缩变大,其结果,存在硬涂膜产生卷曲或裂缝的问题。另外,在硬涂层中添加纳米粒子的情况下,存在该纳米粒子和UV丙烯酸单体的相容性差、纳米粒子凝聚、硬涂层白化的问题。
另一方面,在玻璃的碱离子交换处理中,由于产生大量的碱废液,因此,存在环境负荷大的问题。另外,玻璃存在重而易碎的缺点、或高成本的缺点。因此,谋求一种材料,其为弯曲性(挠性)及加工性优异的有机材料,并且其表面硬度高。
并且,硬涂膜等成形体使用的用途近年来更加扩大,硬涂层除如上所述具有高的表面硬度之外,特别是也要求具有优异的耐热性。使用有上述的UV丙烯酸单体的硬涂层在这种耐热性的观点上不能说充分。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有高的表面硬度、弯曲性及耐热性的成形体,其具有加工性优异的硬涂层。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
本发明的发明人发现:作为硬涂层,使用在特定的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中组合有流平剂的固化性组合物的固化物,可以提高具有该硬涂层的成形体的弯曲性或表面硬度。本发明是基于这些见解而完成的。
即,本发明提供一种成形体,其具有曲面形状,所述成形体至少包含硬涂层、基材层、热塑性树脂层,其中,成形体的最表面为所述硬涂层,所述硬涂层由固化性组合物的固化物形成,所述固化性组合物至少含有阳离子固化性有机硅树脂、流平剂,所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂含有倍半硅氧烷单元,总单体单元中的具有环氧基的单体单元的比例为50摩尔%以上,且所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂具有1000~3000的数均分子量。
另外,本发明提供一种所述的成形体,其中,含有下述式(1)表示的结构单元作为所述倍半硅氧烷单元,且所述式(1)表示的结构单元相对于硅氧烷结构单元总量(100摩尔%)的比例为50摩尔%以上。
[化学式1]
[R1SiO3/2] (1)
[式(1)中,R1表示含有环氧基的基团、氢原子或烃基]
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其还含有下述式(2)表示的结构单元作为所述倍半硅氧烷单元,所述式(1)表示的结构单元与所述式(2)表示的结构单元的摩尔比[式(1)表示的结构单元/式(2)表示的结构单元]为5以上。
[化学式2]
[R1SiO2/2(OR2)] (2)
[式(2)中,R1与式(1)中的R1含义相同,R2表示氢原子或碳原子数1~4的烷基]
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,相对于硅氧烷结构单元总量(100摩尔%),所述式(1)表示的结构单元及所述式(2)表示的结构单元的总计的比例(总量)为55~100摩尔%。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的分子量分散度(重均分子量/数均分子量)为1.0~3.0。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述式(1)中的R1含有至少1个下述式(1a)~(1d)表示的基团。
[化学式3]
[式(1a)中,R1a表示直链或支链状的亚烷基]
[化学式4]
[式(1b)中,R1b表示直链或支链状的亚烷基]
[化学式5]
[式(1c)中,R1c表示直链或支链状的亚烷基]
[化学式6]
[式(1d)中,R1d表示直链或支链状的亚烷基]
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述流平剂为有机硅类流平剂和/或氟类流平剂,且含义对环氧基具有反应性基团和/或水解缩合性基团。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,相对于所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,所述流平剂的比例为0.01~10重量份。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述流平剂为具有羟基的有机硅类流平剂,并且,相对于所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,流平剂的比例为0.01~5重量份。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其还含有固化催化剂。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述固化催化剂为光阳离子聚合引发剂。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述固化催化剂为热阳离子聚合引发剂。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述固化性组合物为硬涂层形成用固化性组合物。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其中,所述硬涂层的厚度为0.1~200μm。
另外,本发明提供所述的成形体,其以卷对卷方式制造。
即,本发明涉及以下发明。
[1]一种成形体,其具有曲面形状,所述成形体至少含有硬涂层、基材层、热塑性树脂层,其中,成形体的最表面为所述硬涂层,所述硬涂层由固化性组合物的固化物形成,所述固化性组合物至少含有阳离子固化性有机硅树脂、流平剂,所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂含有倍半硅氧烷单元,总单体单元中的具有环氧基的单体单元的比例为50摩尔%以上,且所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂具有1000~3000的数均分子量。
[2]如[1]所述的成形体,其中,其含有下述式(1)表示的结构单元作为所述倍半硅氧烷单元,且所述式(1)表示的结构单元相对于硅氧烷结构单元总量(100摩尔%)的比例为50摩尔%以上。
[3]如[2]所述的成形体,其还含有下述式(2)表示的结构单元作为所述倍半硅氧烷单元,所述式(1)表示的结构单元与所述式(2)表示的结构单元的摩尔比[式(1)表示的结构单元/式(2)表示的结构单元]为5以上。
[4]如[3]所述的成形体,其中,相对于硅氧烷结构单元总量(100摩尔%),所述式(1)表示的结构单元及所述式(2)表示的结构单元的总计的比例(总量)为55~100摩尔%。
[5]如[1]~[4]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的分子量分散度(重均分子量/数均分子量)为1.0~3.0。
[6]如[2]~[5]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,所述式(1)中的R1含有至少1个下述式(1a)~(1d)表示的基团。
[7]如[1]~[6]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,所述流平剂为有机硅类流平剂和/或氟类流平剂,且含有对环氧基具有的反应性基团和/或水解缩合性基团。
[8]如[1]~[7]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,相对于所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,所述流平剂的比例为0.01~10重量份。
[9]如[1]~[8]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,所述流平剂为具有羟基的有机硅类流平剂,并且,相对于所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,流平剂的比例为0.01~5重量份。
[10]如[1]~[9]中任一项所述的成形体,其还含有固化催化剂。
[11]如[10]所述的成形体,其中,所述固化催化剂为光阳离子聚合引发剂。
[12]如[10]所述的成形体,其中,所述固化催化剂为热阳离子聚合引发剂。
[13]如[1]~[12]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,所述固化性组合物为硬涂层形成用固化性组合物。
[14]如[1]~[13]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,所述硬涂层的厚度为0.1~200μm。
[15]如[1]~[14]中任一项所述的成形体,其以卷对卷方式制造。
[16]如[1]~[15]中任一项所述的成形体,其厚度为1~10000μm。
[17]如[1]~[16]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,所述硬涂层表面的铅笔硬度为3H以上。
[18]如[1]~[17]中任一项所述的成形体,其中,弯曲(使用圆筒形心轴,以JISK5600-5-1为基准进行评价)为30mm以下。
发明的效果
由于本发明的成形体具有上述构成,因此,具有高的弯曲性或表面硬度,耐热性或加工性也优异。
附图说明
图1表示本发明的成形体的优选方式的一个例子(硬涂层/基材层/热塑性树脂层);
图2表示制造本发明的成形体的方法中的(B)贴合工序的实例。
标记说明
1 成形体
2 硬涂层
3 基材层
4 热塑性树脂层
5 带基材的硬涂膜
具体实施方式
[成形体]
本发明的成形体(以下,有时简称为“本发明”)至少含有硬涂层、基材层、热塑性树脂层,成形体具有曲面形状,成形体的最表面为该硬涂层。将本发明的成形体的优选方式的一个例子(硬涂层/基材层/热塑性树脂层)示于图1。本发明的成形体可以具有硬涂层、基材层、热塑性树脂层以外的层,例如粘合剂层、锚固层、低反射层、防污层、防水层、防油层、防雾层、保护膜层、印刷层、导电层、电磁波屏蔽层、紫外线吸收层、红外线吸收层、防蓝光保护层等。就上述曲面形状而言,只要在成形体的整体或一部分具有非平面的部分(曲面部)即可,曲面朝向最表面的硬涂层,可以弯曲成凸形状,也可以弯曲成凹形状,但优选弯曲成凸形状。本发明的成形体可以通过后述的成形体的制造方法来制作。需要说明的是,上述硬涂层在上述基材层的表面中,既可以仅形成于一部分,也可以形成于整个表面。
本发明的成形体的厚度例如可以从1~10000μm的范围中适当选择,优选为10~1000μm,更优选为20~500μm,进一步优选为30~300μm。
本发明的成形体中的硬涂层表面的铅笔硬度例如为3H以上,优选为4H以上,更优选为6H以上,进一步优选为8H以上。需要说明的是,铅笔硬度可以以JIS K5600-5-4中记载的方法为基准进行评价。
本发明的成形体的弯曲(弯曲性)例如为30mm以下(例如1~30mm),优选为25mm以下,更优选为20mm以下,进一步优选为15mm以下。需要说明的是,弯曲(弯曲性可以使用圆筒形心轴、以JIS K5600-5-1为基准进行评价。
本发明的成形体的雾度例如为1.5%以下,优选为1.0%以下。需要说明的是,雾度的下限例如为0.1%。通过将雾度特别设为1.0%以下,存在适合使用于例如要求非常高的透明性的用途(例如触摸面板等的显示器的表面保护片等)的倾向。本发明的成形体的雾度例如可以通过使用后述的透明基材作为基材而容易地控制在上述范围。需要说明的是,雾度可以以JIS K7136为基准进行测定。
本发明的成形体的总光线透射率例如为85%以上,优选为90%以上。需要说明的是,总光线透射率的上限例如为99%。通过将总光线透射率特别设为90%以上,存在适合使用于例如要求非常高的透明性的用途(例如触摸面板等显示器的表面保护片等)的倾向。本发明的成形体的总光线透射率例如可以通过使用后述的透明基材作为基材而容易地控制在上述范围。需要说明的是,总光线透射率可以以JIS K7361-1为基准进行测定。
(硬涂层)
在本发明中,上述硬涂层由后述的固化性组合物的固化物形成。上述硬涂层为由上述固化性组合物(硬涂层形成用固化性组合物)形成的硬涂层(固化性组合物的固化物层)。需要说明的是,上述硬涂层可以通过后述的成形体的制造方法((A)硬涂层形成工序),由固化性组合物制作。
上述硬涂层的厚度例如为0.1~200μm,优选为1~150μm,更优选为3~100μm,进一步优选为5~50μm,特别优选为10~30μm。特别是即使在硬涂层较薄的情况(例如厚度5μm以下的情况)下,也可以维持表面较高硬度(例如使铅笔硬度为H以上)。另外,即使为较厚的情况(例如为厚度50μm以上的情况)下,不易产生由固化收缩等导致的裂缝发生等不良情况,因此,可以通过厚膜化而显著地提高铅笔硬度(例如使铅笔硬度为9H以上)。
就上述硬涂层的雾度而言,在50μm的厚度的情况下,例如为1.5%以下,优选为1.0%以下。需要说明的是,雾度的下限例如为0.1%。通过特别是使雾度为1.0%以下,存在适合使用于例如要求非常高的透明性的用途(例如触摸面板等显示器的表面保护片等)的倾向。硬涂层的雾度可以以JIS K7136为基准进行测定。
就上述硬涂层的总光线透射率而言,在50μm的厚度的情况下,例如为85%以上,优选为90%以上。需要说明的是,总光线透射率的上限例如为99%。通过使总光线透射率为85%以上,存在适合使用于例如要求非常高的透明性的用途(例如触摸面板等显示器的表面保护片等)的倾向。硬涂层的总光线透射率可以以JIS K7361-1为基准进行测定。
上述硬涂层通常耐擦伤性也高,例如,即使施加1.3kg/cm2的载荷并用直径1cm的钢丝绒#0000对表面进行100次来回滑动(摩擦),也不会损伤。
上述硬涂层的表面的平滑性优异,算术平均粗糙度Ra在以JIS B0601为基准的方法中,例如为0.1~20nm,优选为0.1~10nm,更优选为0.1~5nm。
上述硬涂层的表面的润滑性优异,表面的水接触角例如为60°以上(例如60~110°),优选为70~110°,更优选为80~110°。水接触角过低时,润滑性降低,因此,耐擦伤性有可能降低。
(固化性组合物)
本发明中上述固化性组合物至少含有阳离子固化性有机硅树脂、流平剂。固化性组合物除上述以外,可以含有阳离子固化性有机硅树脂以外的环氧化合物(以下,有时简称为“环氧化合物”)或固化催化剂等。作为本发明中固化性组合物的最优选的方式,可举出含有阳离子固化性有机硅树脂、环氧化合物、流平剂、固化催化剂的物质。特别是本发明中的固化性组合物以使用以下特有的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂为特征。
(阳离子固化性有机硅树脂)
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂含有倍半硅氧烷单元作为构成单体的单元,总单体单元中具有环氧基的单体单元的比例为50摩尔%以上,且上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的数均分子量为1000~3000。需要说明的是,上述数均分子量为利用GPC(凝胶渗透色谱法)的以标准聚苯乙烯计的值。
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂优选具有下述式(1)表示的结构单元(有时称为“T3体”)作为倍半硅氧烷单元。
[化学式1]
[R1SiO3/2] (1)
上述式(1)表示的结构单元一般而言为[RSiO3/2]表示的倍半硅氧烷结构单元(所谓的T单元)。需要说明的是,上述式中的R表示氢原子或一价的有机基团,以下也同样。上述式(1)表示的结构单元由对应的水解性三官能硅烷化合物(具体而言,例如后述的式(a)表示的化合物)进行水解及缩合反应而形成。
式(1)中的R1表示含有环氧基的基团(一价的基团)、氢原子或烃基(一价的基团)。作为上述含有环氧基的基团,可举出具有环氧乙烷环的公知或惯用的基团,可举出例如含有环氧丙基或脂环式环氧基的基团。
作为含有上述环氧丙基的基团,可举出例如:环氧丙基氧基甲基、2-环氧丙基氧基甲基、3-环氧丙基氧基甲基等环氧丙基氧基C1-10烷基(特别是环氧丙基氧基C1-4烷基)等。
作为含有上述脂环式环氧基的基团,没有特别限制,可举出:环氧C5-12环烷基-直链状或支链状C1-10烷基、例如、2,3-环氧环戊基甲基、2-(2,3-环氧环戊基)乙基、2-(3,4-环氧环戊基)乙基、3-(2,3-环氧环戊基)丙基等环氧环戊基C1-10烷基、4,5-环氧环辛基甲基、2-(4,5-环氧环辛基)乙基、3-(4,5-环氧环辛基)丙基等环氧环辛基C1-10烷基等。
这些含有脂环式环氧基的基团可以在C5-12环链烷环上具有甲基、乙基等C1-4烷基作为取代基。作为含有具有取代基的脂环式环氧基的基团,可举出例如:4-甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲基、2-(3-甲基-3,4-环氧环己基)乙基、2-(4-甲基-3,4-环氧环己基)乙基、3-(4-甲基-3,4-环氧环己基)丙基、4-(4-甲基-3,4-环氧环己基)丁基等C1-4烷基-环氧C5-12环烷基-直链状或支链状C1-10烷基等。
作为上述的含有环氧丙基、脂环式环氧基的基团,从固化性组合物的固化性、固化物的表面硬度或耐热性的观点出发,优选为下述式(1a)~(1d)表示的基团,更优选为下述式(1a)表示的基团、下述式(1c)表示的基团,进一步优选为下述式(1a)表示的基团。
[化学式3]
[化学式4]
[化学式5]
[化学式6]
上述式(1a)中,R1a表示直链或支链状的亚烷基。作为直链或支链状的亚烷基,可举出例如:亚甲基、甲基亚甲基、二甲基亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、三亚甲基、四亚甲基、五亚甲基、六亚甲基、十亚甲基等碳原子数1~10的直链或支链状的亚烷基。其中,作为R1a,从固化物的表面硬度或固化性的观点出发,优选为碳原子数1~4的直链状的亚烷基、碳原子数3或4的支链状的亚烷基,更优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基、亚丙基,进一步优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基。
上述式(1b)中,R1b表示直链或支链状的亚烷基,可例示与R1a同样的基团。其中,作为R1b,从固化物的表面硬度或固化性的观点出发,优选碳原子数1~4的直链状的亚烷基、碳原子数3或4的支链状的亚烷基,更优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基、亚丙基,进一步优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基。
上述式(1c)中,R1c表示直链或支链状的亚烷基,可例示与R1a同样的基团。其中,作为R1c,从固化物的表面硬度或固化性的观点出发,优选碳原子数1~4的直链状的亚烷基、碳原子数3或4的支链状的亚烷基,更优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基、亚丙基,进一步优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基。
上述式(1d)中,R1d表示直链或支链状的亚烷基,可例示与R1a含义相同的基团。其中,作为R1d,从固化物的表面硬度或固化性的观点出发,优选碳原子数1~4的直链状的亚烷基、碳原子数3或4的支链状的亚烷基,更优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基、亚丙基,进一步优选为亚乙基、三亚甲基。
作为式(1)中的R1,特别优选为上述式(1a)表示的基团,且R1a为亚乙基的基团[其中,2-(3',4'-环氧环己基)乙基]。
作为式(1)中R1的烃基,可举出例如:烷基、烯基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基、芳烷基等。作为上述烷基,可举出例如:甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基等直链或支链状的烷基。作为上述烯基,可举出例如:乙烯基、烯丙基、异丙烯基等直链或支链状的烯基。作为上述环烷基,可举出例如:环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。作为上述环烯基,可举出例如:环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基等。作为上述芳基,可举出例如:苯基、甲苯基、萘基等。作为芳烷基,可举出例如:苄基、苯乙基等。
这些烃基任选具有取代基,作为取代基,可以为这些烃基,可举出例如:醚基、酯基、羰基、硅氧烷基、卤原子、(甲基)丙烯基、巯基、氨基、羟基等。
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂既可以单独具有1种上述式(1)表示的结构单元,也可以具有2种以上的上述式(1)表示的结构单元。
一般而言,完全笼型倍半硅氧烷单独由上述式(1)表示的结构单元(“T3”体)形成,但在本发明的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中,优选进一步含有下述式(2)表示的结构单元(有时称为“T2体”)。在上述固化性组合物中,通过相对于T3体含有特定比例的T2体,可以形成不完全笼型,因此,可以提高固化物的硬度。
[化学式2]
[R1SiO2/2(OR2)] (2)
式(2)中的R1表示含有与上述式(1)同样的环氧基的基团(一价的基团)、氢原子或烃基(一价的基团),含有式(2)中优选的环氧基的基团、烃基也与式(1)同样。式(2)中的R2表示氢原子或C1-4烷基。作为R2的C1-4烷基,可举出例如:甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等,其中,优选甲基、乙基(特别是甲基)。
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中的上述式(1)表示的结构单元(T3体)和上述式(2)表示的结构单元(T2体)的比例[T3体/T2体]例如为5以上,优选为5~18,更优选为6~16,进一步优选为7~14。上述比例[T3体/T2体]为5以上时,固化物或硬涂层的表面硬度或粘接性显著地提高。
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中倍半硅氧烷单元的上述比例[T3体/T2体]例如可以通过29Si-NMR光谱测定而求出。在29Si-NMR光谱中,上述式(1)表示的结构单元(T3体)中的硅原子和上述式(2)表示的结构单元(T2体)中的硅原子在不同的位置(化学位移)上显示信号(峰),因此,通过算出这些各自的峰的积分比,而求出上述比例[T3体/T2体]。具体而言,例如倍半硅氧烷单元用上述式(1)表示,在具有R1为2-(3',4'-环氧环己基)乙基的结构单元的情况下,上述式(1)表示的结构(T3体)中的硅原子的信号出现在-64~-70ppm,上述式(2)表示的结构(T2体)中的硅原子的信号出现在-54~-60ppm。因此,该情况下,通过算出-64~-70ppm的信号(T3体)和-54~-60ppm的信号(T2体)的积分比,可以求出上述比例[T3体/T2体]。倍半硅氧烷单元的上述比例[T3体/T2体]为5以上意指:相对于T3体,存在一定以上的T2体。
阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的29Si-NMR光谱例如可以利用下述的装置及条件进行测定。
测定装置:商品名“JNM-ECA500NMR”(日本电子(株)制造)
溶剂:氘代氯仿
累积次数:1800次
测定温度:25℃
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的倍半硅氧烷单元具有笼型(不完全笼型)倍半硅氧烷结构可如下确定:聚有机倍半硅氧烷在FT-IR光谱中,在1100cm-1附近具有一个固有吸收峰而在1050cm-1附近和1150cm-1附近分别不具有固有吸收峰[参考文献:R.H.Raney,M.Itoh,A.SakakibaraandT.Suzuki,Chem.Rev.95,1409(1995)]。与此相对,一般而言,在FT-IR光谱中,在1050cm-1附近和1150cm-1附近分别具有固有吸收峰的情况下,鉴定为具有梯型倍半硅氧烷结构。需要说明的是,FT-IR光谱例如可以利用下述的装置及条件进行测定。
测定装置:商品名“FT-720”((株)堀场制作所制造)
测定方法:透过法
分解能:4cm-1
测定波数域:400~4000cm-1
累积次数:16次
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂含有上述式(1)表示的结构单元作为倍半硅氧烷单元既可,但也可以为下述式(3)表示的结构单元和下述式(4)表示的结构单元的组合。式(3)中的R3为含有脂环式环氧基的基团,式(4)中的R4为任选具有取代基的芳基。
[化学式7]
[R3SiO3/2] (3)
[化学式8]
[R4SiO3/2] (4)
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂,除具有上述式(1)及(2)表示的结构单元(T单元)作为倍半硅氧烷单元以外,作为其它单体单元(倍半硅氧烷结构单元),可以具有选自单官能性的[(R1)3SiO1/2]表示的结构单元(所谓的M单元)、二官能性的[(R1)2SiO2/2]表示的结构单元(所谓的D单元)、及四官能性的[SiO4/2]表示的结构单元(所谓的Q单元)中的至少1种硅氧烷结构单元。需要说明的是,在M单元及D单元中,R1表示的基团为与上述式(1)同样的基团。
相对于上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中硅氧烷结构单元的总量[全硅氧烷结构单元;M单元、D单元、T单元、及Q单元的总量],具有环氧基的单体单元的比例为50摩尔%以上(50~100摩尔%),优选为55~100摩尔%,更优选为65~99.9摩尔%,进一步优选为80~99摩尔%,特别优选为90~99摩尔%。具有环氧基的单体单元的比例过少时,固化物的表面硬度降低。
相对于上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中的硅氧烷结构单元的总量[全硅氧烷结构单元;M单元、D单元、T单元、及Q单元的总量](100摩尔%),上述式(1)表示的结构单元(T3体)的比例例如为50摩尔%以上(50~100摩尔%),优选为60~99摩尔%,更优选为70~98摩尔%,进一步优选为80~95摩尔%,特别优选为85~92摩尔%。上述比例低于50摩尔%时,难以形成具有适当的分子量的不完全笼型形状,因此,固化物的表面硬度有可能降低。
相对于上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中的硅氧烷结构单元的总量[总硅氧烷结构单元;M单元、D单元、T单元、及Q单元的总量](100摩尔%),上述式(1)表示的结构单元(T3体)及上述式(2)表示的结构单元(T2体)的总计的比例(总量)例如为55~100摩尔%,优选为65~100摩尔%,更优选为80~99摩尔%。上述比例为55摩尔%以上时,固化性组合物的固化性提高,另外,固化物的表面硬度或粘接性显著地提高。
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂利用GPC以标准聚苯乙烯计的数均分子量(Mn)为1000~3000,优选为1000~2800,更优选为1100~2600。通过将数均分子量设为1000以上,固化物的耐热性、耐擦伤性、粘接性更加提高。另一方面,通过将数均分子量设为3000以下,与固化性组合物中的其它成分的相容性提高,固化物的耐热性更加提高。
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂利用GPC以标准聚苯乙烯计的分子量分散度(Mw/Mn)例如为1.0~3.0,优选为1.1~2.0,更优选为1.2~1.9,进一步优选为1.45~1.8。通过将分子量分散度设为3.0以下,固化物的表面硬度或粘接性更加提高。另一方面,通过将分子量分散度设为1.0以上,存在容易成为液态、适用性提高的倾向。
需要说明的是,上述的数均分子量、分子量分散度可以利用下述的装置及条件进行测定。
测定装置:商品名“LC-20AD”((株)岛津制作所制造)
柱:ShodexKF-801×2根、KF-802、及KF-803(昭和电工(株)制造)
测定温度:40℃
洗提液:THF、试样浓度0.1~0.2重量%
流量:1mL/分钟
检测器:UV-VIS检测器(商品名“SPD-20A”、(株)岛津制作所制造)
分子量:以标准聚苯乙烯计
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂在空气气氛下减少5%重量的温度(Td5)例如为330℃以上(例如330~450℃),优选为340℃以上,更优选为350℃以上。通过5%重量减少温度为330℃以上,存在固化物的耐热性更加提高的倾向。特别是通过聚有机倍半硅氧烷为上述比例[T3体/T2体]为5以上,数均分子量为1000~3000,分子量分散度为1.0~3.0,在FT-IR光谱中在1100cm-1附近具有一个固有峰的物质,其5%重量减少温度可以控制在330℃以上。需要说明的是,5%重量减少温度为在以一定的升温速度进行加热时加热前的重量减少5%的时刻的温度,是耐热性的指标。上述5%重量减少温度可以利用TGA(热重量分析),在空气气氛下,以升温速度5℃/分钟的条件进行测定。
相对于除溶剂之外的固化性组合物的总量,固化性组合物中的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的含量(配合量)例如为70重量%以上且低于100重量%,优选为80~99.8重量%,更优选为90~99.5重量%。通过将阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的含量设为70重量%以上,有固化物的表面硬度或粘接性更加提高的倾向。另一方面,通过将阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的含量设为低于100重量%,可以含有固化催化剂,由此存在可以使固化性组合物的固化更有效地进行的倾向。
相对于固化性组合物中所含的阳离子固化性化合物的总量(100重量%),阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的比例例如为70~100重量%,优选为75~98重量%,更优选为80~95重量%。通过将阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的含量设为70重量%以上,存在固化物的表面硬度或粘接性更加提高的倾向。
(阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的制造方法)
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂可以通过公知或惯用的聚有机硅氧烷的制造方法来制造,例如,可以通过使1种或2种以上的水解性硅烷化合物进行水解及缩合的方法来制造。但是,作为上述水解性硅烷化合物,需要将用于形成上述的式(1)表示的结构单元的水解性三官能硅烷化合物(下述式(a)表示的化合物)作为必须的水解性硅烷化合物使用。
更具体而言,通过使例如用于形成阳离子固化性有机硅树脂中倍半硅氧烷结构单元(T单元)的水解性硅烷化合物即下述式(a)表示的化合物(水解性三官能硅烷化合物)进行水解及缩合的方法,可以制造阳离子固化性有机硅树脂。
[化学式9]
R1Si(X1)3 (a)
上述式(a)表示的化合物为形成上述式(1)表示的结构单元的化合物。式(a)中的R1与上述式(1)中的R1相同,表示含有环氧基的基团(一价的基团)、氢原子或烃基(一价的基团)。即,作为式(a)中的R1,优选上述式(1a)~(1d)表示的基团,更优选为上述式(1a)表示的基团、上述式(1c)表示的基团,进一步优选为上述式(1a)表示的基团,特别优选为上述式(1a)表示的基团,R1a为亚乙基的基团[其中,2-(3',4'-环氧环己基)乙基]。
上述式(a)中的X1表示烷氧基或卤原子。作为X1中的烷氧基,可举出例如:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基等碳原子数1~4的烷氧基等。另外,作为X1中的卤原子,可举出例如:氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。其中,作为X1,优选烷氧基,更优选为甲氧基、乙氧基。需要说明的是,3个X1可以分别相同,也可以不同。
上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂可以组合使用上述式(a)表示的化合物以外的水解性三官能硅烷化合物。作为上述式(a)表示的化合物以外的水解性三官能硅烷化合物,可举出例如:形成M单元的水解性单官能硅烷化合物[(R1)3SiX1]、形成D单元的水解性二官能硅烷化合物[(R1)2Si(X1)2]、形成Q单元的水解性四官能硅烷化合物[Si(X1)4]。需要说明的是,这些单体中的R1或X1与式(a)中的R1或X1含义相同。
上述水解性硅烷化合物的使用量或组成可以根据所期望的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的结构适当调整。例如,相对于使用的水解性硅烷化合物的总量(100摩尔%),上述式(a)表示的化合物的使用量例如为55~100摩尔%,优选为65~100摩尔%,更优选为80~99摩尔%。
另外,组合使用2种以上作为上述水解性硅烷化合物的情况下,这些水解性硅烷化合物的水解及缩合反应既可以同时进行,也可以逐次进行。逐次进行上述反应时,进行反应的顺序没有特别限定。
上述水解性硅烷化合物的水解及缩合反应既可以在溶剂的存在下进行,也可以在不存在溶剂下进行。其中,优选在溶剂的存在下进行。作为上述溶剂,可举出例如:苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯等芳香族烃;二乙基醚、二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃、二噁烷等醚;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁酮等酮;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等酰胺;乙腈、丙腈、苯甲腈等腈;甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇等醇等。作为上述溶剂,其中,优选酮、醚。需要说明的是,溶剂既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合2种以上而使用。
上述溶剂的使用量没有特别限定,相对于水解性硅烷化合物的总量100重量份,可以在0~2000重量份的范围内根据所期望的反应时间等适当调整。
上述水解性硅烷化合物的水解及缩合反应优选在催化剂及水的存在下进行。上述催化剂可以为酸催化剂,也可以为碱催化剂。作为上述酸催化剂,可举出例如:盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、硼酸等无机酸;磷酸酯;乙酸、甲酸、三氟乙酸等羧酸;甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸等磺酸;活性白土等固体酸;氯化铁等路易斯酸等。作为上述碱催化剂,可举出例如:氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铯等碱金属的氢氧化物;氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡等碱土金属的氢氧化物;碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯等碱金属的碳酸盐;碳酸镁等碱土金属的碳酸盐;碳酸氢锂、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢铯等碱金属的碳酸氢盐;乙酸锂、乙酸钠、乙酸钾、乙酸铯等碱金属的有机酸盐(例如乙酸盐);乙酸镁等碱土金属的有机酸盐(例如乙酸盐);甲醇锂、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、异丙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钾等碱金属的醇盐;苯氧化钠等碱金属的苯氧化物;三乙胺、N-甲基哌啶、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]九碳-5-烯等胺类(叔胺等);吡啶、2,2'-联吡啶、1,10-菲咯啉等含氮芳香族杂环化合物等。需要说明的是,催化剂既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合2种以上而使用。另外,催化剂也可以在溶解或分散于水或溶剂等的状态下使用。
上述催化剂的使用量没有特别限定,相对于水解性硅烷化合物的总量1摩尔,可以在0.002~0.200摩尔的范围内适当调整。
在上述水解及缩合反应时的水的使用量没有特别限定,相对于水解性硅烷化合物的总量1摩尔,可以在0.5~20摩尔的范围内适当调整。
上述水的添加方法没有特别限定,既可以一次性添加使用的水的总量(总使用量),也可以逐次地添加。在逐次地添加时,既可以连续地添加,也可以间歇地添加。
上述水解及缩合反应的反应温度例如为40~100℃,优选为45~80℃。通过将反应温度控制在上述范围,存在可以将上述比例[T3体/T2体]更有效地控制在5以上的倾向。另外,上述水解及缩合反应的反应时间例如为0.1~10小时,优选为1.5~8小时。另外,上述水解及缩合反应既可以在常压下进行,也可以在加压下或减压下进行。需要说明的是,进行上述水解及缩合反应时的气氛例如可以为氮气氛、氩气氛等非活性气体气氛下、空气下等氧存在下等任一气氛下,优选为非活性气体气氛下。
通过上述水解性硅烷化合物的水解及缩合反应,可得到本发明的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂。在上述水解及缩合反应的结束后,优选为了抑制环氧基的开环而对催化剂进行中和。另外,可以将本发明的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂通过例如水洗、酸清洗、碱清洗、过滤、浓缩、蒸馏、萃取、晶析、再结晶、柱色谱法等分离方法、或组合有这些方法的分离方法等进行分离纯化。
(环氧化合物)
固化性组合物可以含有上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂以外的环氧化合物。除上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂之外,通过含有环氧化合物,可以形成具有高的表面硬度、挠性及加工性优异的固化物。
作为上述环氧化合物,可以使用分子内具有1个以上的环氧基(环氧乙烷环)的公知或惯用的化合物,没有特别限定,可举出脂环式环氧化合物(脂环式环氧树脂)、芳香族环氧化合物(芳香族环氧树脂)、脂肪族环氧化合物(脂肪族环氧树脂)等。其中,优选脂环式环氧化合物。
作为上述脂环式环氧化合物,可举出分子内具有1个以上的脂环和1个以上的环氧基的公知惯用的化合物,没有特别限定,可举出例如:(1)分子内具有由构成脂环的邻接的2个碳原子和氧原子构成的环氧基(称为“脂环环氧基”)的化合物;(2)在脂环上直接以单键键合有环氧基的化合物;(3)分子内具有脂环及缩水甘油醚基的化合物(缩水甘油醚型环氧化合物)等。
作为上述(1)分子内具有脂环环氧基的化合物,可以从公知惯用的物质中任意地选择而使用。其中,作为上述脂环环氧基,优选氧化环己烯基,特别优选下述式(i)表示的化合物。
[化学式10]
上述式(i)中,Y表示单键或连结基(具有1个以上的原子的二价的基团)。作为上述连结基,可举出例如:二价的烃基、碳-碳双键的一部分或全部进行了环氧化的亚烯基、羰基、醚键、酯键、碳酸酯基、酰胺基、这些基团多个连结成的基团等。
作为上述二价的烃基,可举出:碳原子数为1~18的直链或支链状的亚烷基、二价的脂环式烃基等。作为碳原子数为1~18的直链或支链状的亚烷基,可举出例如:亚甲基、甲基亚甲基、二甲基亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、三亚甲基等。作为上述二价的脂环式烃基,可举出例如:1,2-亚环戊基、1,3-亚环戊基、环戊叉基、1,2-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己基、环己叉基等二价的亚环烷基(包含环烷叉基)等。
作为上述碳-碳双键的一部分或全部进行了环氧化的亚烯基(有时称为“环氧化亚烯基”)中的亚烯基,可举出例如:亚乙烯基、亚丙烯基、1-亚丁烯基、2-亚丁烯基、亚丁二烯基、亚戊烯基、亚己烯基、亚庚烯基、亚辛烯基等碳原子数2~8的直链或支链状的亚烯基等。特别是作为上述环氧化亚烯基,优选碳-碳双键的全部进行了环氧化的亚烯基,更优选为碳-碳双键的全部进行了环氧化的碳原子数2~4的亚烯基。
作为上述式(i)表示的脂环式环氧化合物的代表的实例,可举出3,4,3',4'-二环氧双环己烷、下述式(i-1)~(i-10)表示的化合物等。需要说明的是,下述式(i-5)、(i-7)中的l、m分别表示1~30的整数。下述式(i-5)中的R'为碳原子数1~8的亚烷基,其中,优选亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、异亚丙基等碳原子数1~3的直链或支链状的亚烷基。下述式(i-9)、(i-10)中的n1~n6分别表示1~30的整数。另外,作为上述式(i)表示的脂环式环氧化合物,此外可举出例如2,2-双(3,4-环氧环己基)丙烷、1,2-双(3,4-环氧环己基)乙烷、2,3-双(3,4-环氧环己基)环氧乙烷、双(3,4-环氧环己基甲基)醚等。
[化学式11]
[化学式12]
作为上述的(2)在脂环上直接以单键键合有环氧基的化合物,可举出例如下述式(ii)表示的化合物等。
[化学式13]
式(ii)中,R"为从p元醇的结构式中除去了p个羟基(-OH)的基团(p价的有机基团),p、n分别表示自然数。作为p元的醇[R"(OH)p],可举出2,2-双(羟基甲基)-1-丁醇等多元醇(碳原子数1~15的醇等)等。p优选为1~6,n优选为1~30。p为2以上时,各自的()内(外侧的括弧内)的基中的n可以相同,也可以不同。作为上述式(ii)表示的化合物,具体而言,可举出2,2-双(羟基甲基)-1-丁醇的1,2-环氧-4-(2-环氧乙烷基)环己烷加成物[例如商品名“EHPE3150”((株)大赛璐制造)等]等。
作为上述的(3)分子内具有脂环及缩水甘油醚基的化合物,可举出例如:脂环式醇(特别是脂环式多元醇)的缩水甘油醚。更详细而言,可举出例如:将2,2-双[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]丙烷、2,2-双[3,5-二甲基-4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]丙烷等双酚A型环氧化合物进行了氢化的化合物(氢化双酚A型环氧化合物);将双[邻,邻(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]甲烷、双[邻,对(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]甲烷、双[对,对(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]甲烷、双[3,5-二甲基-4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]甲烷等双酚F型环氧化合物进行了氢化的化合物(氢化双酚F型环氧化合物);氢化双酚酚型环氧化合物;氢化酚醛清漆型环氧化合物;氢化甲酚酚醛清漆型环氧化合物;双酚A的氢化甲酚酚醛清漆型环氧化合物;氢化萘型环氧化合物;由三苯酚甲烷得到的环氧化合物的氢化环氧化合物;下述芳香族环氧化合物的氢化环氧化合物等。
作为上述芳香族环氧化合物,可举出例如:通过双酚类[例如双酚A、双酚F、双酚S、芴双酚等]和表卤醇的缩合反应而得到的表双(Epi-Bis)型缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂;通过使这些表双(Epi-Bis)型缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂与上述双酚类进一步进行加成反应而得到的高分子量表双(Epi-Bis)型缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂;使酚类[例如苯酚、甲酚、二甲苯酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、双酚A、双酚F、双酚S等]和醛[例如甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛、羟基苯甲醛、水杨醛等]进行缩合反应而得到的多元醇类进一步与表卤醇进行缩合反应而得到的酚醛清漆-烷基型缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂;在芴环的9位上键合2个苯酚骨架、且在从这些苯酚骨架的羟基中除去了氢原子的氧原子上分别直接或经由亚烷氧基而键合有缩水甘油基的环氧化合物等。
作为上述脂肪族环氧化合物,可举出例如:q元的不具有环状结构的醇(q为自然数)的缩水甘油醚;一元或多元羧酸[例如乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、硬脂酸、己二酸、癸二酸、马来酸、衣康酸等]的缩水甘油基酯;环氧化亚麻仁油、环氧化大豆油、环氧化蓖麻油等具有双键的油脂的环氧化物;环氧化聚丁二烯等聚烯烃(包含聚链二烯)的环氧化物等。需要说明的是,作为上述q元的不具有环状结构的醇,可举出例如:甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、异丙醇、1-丁醇等一元的醇;乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等二元的醇;甘油、二甘油、赤藓醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、山梨醇等三元以上的多元醇等。另外,q元的醇可以为聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚烯烃多元醇等。
相对于上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的总量100重量份,上述环氧化合物的含量(配合量)例如为0.5~100重量份,优选为1~80重量份,更优选为5~50重量份。通过将上述环氧化合物的含量设为0.5重量份以上,存在固化物的表面硬度更加提高、挠性及加工性更优异的倾向。另一方面,通过将上述环氧化合物的含量设为100重量份以下,存在固化物的耐擦伤性更加提高的倾向。
(流平剂)
上述固化性组合物为了提高表面平滑性而含有流平剂。作为流平剂,只要具有表面张力降低能力即可,可以使用惯用的流平剂。作为流平剂,从表面张力降低能力优异方面考虑,优选硅氧烷类流平剂、氟类流平剂,特别优选硅氧烷类流平剂。在本发明中,通过组合阳离子固化性有机硅树脂和流平剂,可以提高表面平滑性,可以提高透明性或光泽(外观)、润滑性等。并且,通过使用特定量的特定流平剂,可以使表面硬度或耐擦伤性更加提高。
上述硅氧烷类流平剂为含有具有聚硅氧烷骨架的化合物的流平剂,作为聚有机硅氧烷骨架,与上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂同样地,只要为由M单元、D单元、T单元、Q单元形成的聚有机硅氧烷即可,通常优选使用由D单元形成的聚有机硅氧烷。作为聚有机硅氧烷的有机基团,通常使用C1-4烷基、芳基,广泛使用甲基、苯基(特别是甲基)。硅氧烷单元的重复数(聚合度)例如为2~3000,优选为3~2000,更优选为5~1000。
上述氟类流平剂为具有氟脂肪族烃骨架的流平剂,作为氟脂肪族烃骨架,可举出例如:氟甲烷、氟乙烷、氟丙烷、氟异丙烷、氟丁烷、氟异丁烷、氟叔丁烷、氟戊烷、氟己烷等氟C1-10链烷等。
这些氟脂肪族烃骨架只要至少一部分氢原子取代为氟原子即可,但从可以提高耐擦伤性、润滑性及防污性方面考虑,优选全部的氢原子被氟原子取代的全氟脂肪族烃骨架。
并且,氟脂肪族烃骨架可以形成作为隔着醚键的重复单元的聚氟亚烷基醚骨架。作为重复单元的氟脂肪族烃基可以为选自氟亚甲基、氟亚乙基、氟亚丙基、氟异亚丙基等氟C1-4亚烷基中的至少1种。聚氟亚烷基醚单元的重复数(聚合度)例如为10~3000,优选为30~1000,更优选为50~500。
这些骨架中,优选与阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的亲和性优异的聚有机硅氧烷骨架。
为了赋予各种功能性,具有这种骨架的流平剂可以具有水解缩合性基团、对环氧基具有反应性基团、自由基聚合性基团、聚醚基、聚酯基、聚氨酯基等功能性基团。另外,硅氧烷类流平剂可以具有氟脂肪族烃基,氟类流平剂可以具有聚有机硅氧烷基。
作为上述水解缩合性基团,可举出例如:羟基甲硅烷基、三氯甲硅烷基等三卤甲硅烷基、二氯甲基甲硅烷基等二卤C1-4烷基甲硅烷基、二氯苯基甲硅烷基等二卤芳基、氯二甲基甲硅烷基等氯二C1-4烷基甲硅烷基等卤二C1-4烷基甲硅烷基、三甲氧基甲硅烷基、三乙氧基甲硅烷基等三C1-4烷氧基甲硅烷基、二甲氧基甲基甲硅烷基、二乙氧基甲基甲硅烷基等二C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基甲硅烷基、二甲氧基苯基甲硅烷基、二乙氧基苯基甲硅烷基等二C1-4烷氧基芳基甲硅烷基、甲氧基二甲基甲硅烷基、乙氧基二甲基甲硅烷基等C1-4烷氧基二C1-4烷基甲硅烷基、甲氧基二苯基甲硅烷基、乙氧基二苯基甲硅烷基等C1-4烷氧基二芳基甲硅烷基、甲氧基甲基苯基甲硅烷基、乙氧基甲基苯基甲硅烷基等C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基芳基甲硅烷基等。其中,从反应性等方面考虑,优选三甲氧基甲硅烷基等三C1-4烷氧基甲硅烷基。
作为上述对环氧基具有反应性基团,可举出例如:羟基、氨基、羧基、酸酐基(马来酸酐基等)、异氰酸酯基等。其中,从反应性等方面考虑,广泛使用羟基、氨基、酸酐基、异氰酸酯基等,从适用性或获得容易性等方面考虑,优选羟基。
作为上述自由基聚合性基团,可举出例如:(甲基)丙烯酰氧基、乙烯基等。其中,广泛使用(甲基)丙烯酰氧基。
作为上述聚醚基,可举出例如:聚氧乙烯基、聚氧丙烯基、聚氧丁烯基、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯基等聚氧C2-4亚烷基等。在聚醚基中,氧亚烷基的重复数(加成摩尔数)例如为2~1000,优选为3~100,更优选为5~50。其中,优选聚氧乙烯或聚氧丙烯等聚氧C2-3亚烷基(特别聚氧乙烯基)。
作为上述聚酯基,可举出例如通过二羧酸(对苯二甲酸等芳香族羧酸或己二酸等脂肪族羧酸等)和二醇(乙二醇等脂肪族二醇等)的反应而形成的聚酯基,并通过环状酯(例如己内酯等内酯类)的开环聚合而形成的聚酯基等。
作为上述聚氨酯基,可举出例如惯用的聚酯型聚氨酯基、聚醚型聚氨酯基等。
这些功能性基团相对于聚有机硅氧烷骨架或氟脂肪族烃骨架,可以通过直接键合而导入,也可以经由连结基(例如亚烷基、环亚烷基、醚基、酯基、酰胺基、尿烷基、或组合有这些基团的连结基等)而导入。
这些功能性基中,从可以与阳离子固化性有机硅树脂反应而提高固化物的硬度方面考虑,优选水解缩合性基团、对环氧基具有反应性基团,特别优选对环氧基具有反应性基团(特别是羟基)。
需要说明的是,羟基可以为(聚)氧烯烃基[(聚)氧乙烯基等]的末端羟基。作为这种流平剂,可举出例如在聚二甲基硅氧烷等聚有机硅氧烷骨架的侧链上导入有(聚)氧乙烯基等(聚)氧C2-3烯烃基的硅氧烷类流平剂(聚二甲基硅氧烷聚氧乙烯等)、在(聚)氧乙烯基等(聚)氧C2-3烯烃基骨架的侧链上导入有氟脂肪族烃基的氟类流平剂(氟代烷基聚氧乙烯基等)等。
作为上述硅氧烷类流平剂,可以使用市售的硅氧烷类流平剂,例如可以使用商品名“BYK-300”、“BYK-301/302”、“BYK-306”、“BYK-307”、“BYK-310”、“BYK-315”、“BYK-313”、“BYK-320”、“BYK-322”、“BYK-323”、“BYK-325”、“BYK-330”、“BYK-331”、“BYK-333”、“BYK-337”、“BYK-341”、“BYK-344”、“BYK-345/346”、“BYK-347”、“BYK-348”、“BYK-349”、“BYK-370”、“BYK-375”、“BYK-377”、“BYK-378”、“BYK-UV3500”、“BYK-UV3510”、“BYK-UV3570”、“BYK-3550”、“BYK-SILCLEAN3700”、“BYK-SILCLEAN3720”(以上,BYK-Chemie Japan(株)制造);商品名“AC FS180”、“AC FS 360”、“AC S 20”(以上,Algin Chemie制造);商品名“Polyflow KL-400X”、“Poly flow KL-400HF”、“Poly flow KL-401”、“Poly flow KL-402”、“Poly flow KL-403”、“Poly flow KL-404”(以上,共荣社化学(株)制造);商品名“KP-323”、“KP-326”、“KP-341”、“KP-104”、“KP-110”、“KP-112”(以上,信越化学工业(株)制造);商品名“LP-7001”、“LP-7002”、“8032ADDITIVE”、“57ADDITIVE”、“L-7604”、“FZ-2110”、“FZ-2105”、“67ADDITIVE”、“8618ADDITIVE”、“3ADDITIVE”、“56ADDITIVE”(以上,东丽道康宁(株)制造)等市售品。
作为上述氟类流平剂,可以使用市售的氟类流平剂,例如可以使用商品名“OptoolDSX”、“Optool DAC-HP”(以上,Daikin工业(株)制造);商品名“Surflon S-242”、“SurflonS-243”、“Surflon S-420”、“Surflon S-611”、“Surflon S-651”、“Surflon S-386”(以上,AGC SEIMI CHEMICAL(株)制造);商品名“BYK-340”(BYK-Chemie Japan(株)制造);商品名“AC 110a”、“AC 100a”(以上,AlginChemie制造);商品名“MEGAFAC F-114”、“MEGAFAC F-410”、“MEGAFAC F-444”、“MEGAFAC EXP TP-2066”、“MEGAFAC F-430”、“MEGAFAC F-472SF”、“MEGAFAC F-477”、“MEGAFAC F-552”、“MEGAFAC F-553”、“MEGAFAC F-554”、“MEGAFAC F-555”、“MEGAFAC R-94”、“MEGAFAC RS-72-K”、“MEGAFAC RS-75”、“MEGAFAC F-556”、“MEGAFAC EXP TF-1367”、“MEGAFAC EXP TF-1437”、“MEGAFAC F-558”、“MEGAFAC EXP TF-1537”(以上,DIC(株)制造);商品名“FC-4430”、“FC-4432”(以上,住友3M(株)制造);商品名“Ftergent 100”、“Ftergent 100C”、“Ftergent 110”、“Ftergent 150”、“Ftergent150CH”、“Ftergent A-K”、“Ftergent 501”、“Ftergent 250”、“Ftergent 251”、“Ftergent222F”、“Ftergent 208G”、“Ftergent 300”、“Ftergent 310”、“Ftergent 400SW”(以上,(株)Neos制);商品名“PF-136A”、“PF-156A”、“PF-151N”、“PF-636”、“PF-6320”、“PF-656”、“PF-6520”、“PF-651”、“PF-652”、“PF-3320”(以上,北村化学产业(株)制造)等市售品。
这些流平剂既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合2种以上而使用。这些流平剂中,从与阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的亲和性优异、可以与环氧基反应、且可以提高固化物的硬度或外观方面考虑,优选具有羟基的硅氧烷类流平剂。
作为上述具有羟基的硅氧烷类流平剂,可举出例如在聚有机硅氧烷骨架(聚二甲基硅氧烷等)的主链或侧链上导入有聚醚基的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷;在聚有机硅氧烷骨架的主链或侧链上导入有聚酯基的聚酯改性聚有机硅氧烷;在(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂上导入有聚有机硅氧烷的硅氧烷改性(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂等。在这些流平剂中,羟基可以具有聚有机硅氧烷骨架,也可以具有聚醚基、聚酯基、(甲基)丙烯酰基。作为这种流平剂的市售品,例如可以使用商品名“BYK-370”、“BYK-SILCLEAN3700”、“BYK-SILCLEAN3720”等。
就上述流平剂的比例而言,相对于阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,例如为0.01~20重量份,优选为0.05~15重量份,更优选为0.01~10重量份,进一步优选为0.2~5重量份。流平剂的比例过少时,固化物的表面平滑性有可能降低,其过多时,固化物的表面硬度有可能降低。
特别是相对于阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,硅氧烷类流平剂的比例例如为0.01~10重量份,优选为0.05~5重量份,更优选为0.1~3重量份,进一步优选为0.2~2重量份,特别优选为0.3~1.5重量份。另外,就具有羟基的硅氧烷类流平剂的比例而言,相对于阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,例如为0.01~5重量份,优选为0.05~4重量份,更优选为0.1~3重量份,进一步优选为0.2~2重量份,特别优选为0.3~1.5重量份。
特别是相对于阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,氟类流平剂的比例例如为0.05~5重量份,优选为0.1~3重量份,更优选为0.15~2重量份,进一步优选为0.2~1重量份,特别优选为0.3~0.8重量份。将流平剂的比例调整为这些范围时,不仅可以提高固化物的表面平滑性,而且可以使作为流平剂的功能目前所未想到的固化物的表面硬度得到提高。
(固化催化剂)
上述固化性组合物优选进一步含有固化催化剂。其中,在可以使直到成为无粘性的固化时间进一步缩短方面,特别优选含有光阳离子聚合引发剂作为固化催化剂。
上述固化催化剂为可以引发或促进阳离子固化性有机硅树脂等阳离子固化性化合物的阳离子聚合反应的化合物。作为上述固化催化剂,没有特别限定,可举出例如光阳离子聚合引发剂(光产酸剂)、热阳离子聚合引发剂(热酸产生剂)等聚合引发剂。
作为上述光阳离子聚合引发剂,可以使用公知或惯用的光阳离子聚合引发剂,可举出例如:鋶盐(鋶离子和阴离子的盐)、碘鎓盐(碘鎓离子和阴离子的盐)、硒鎓盐(硒鎓离子和阴离子的盐)、铵盐(铵离子和阴离子的盐)、鏻盐(鏻离子和阴离子的盐)、过渡金属络合物离子和阴离子的盐等。
作为上述鋶盐,可举出例如:三苯基鋶盐、三-对甲苯基鋶盐、三-邻甲苯基鋶盐、三(4-甲氧基苯基)鋶盐、1-萘基二苯基鋶盐、2-萘基二苯基鋶盐、三(4-氟苯基)鋶盐、三-1-萘基鋶盐、三-2-萘基鋶盐、三(4-羟基苯基)鋶盐、二苯基[4-(苯基硫基)苯基]鋶盐、4-(对甲苯基硫基)苯基二-(对苯基)鋶盐等三芳基鋶盐;二苯基苯甲酰甲基鋶盐、二苯基4-硝基苯甲酰甲基鋶盐、二苯基苄基鋶盐、二苯基甲基鋶盐等二芳基鋶盐;苯基甲基苄基鋶盐、4-羟基苯基甲基苄基鋶盐、4-甲氧基苯基甲基苄基鋶盐等单芳基鋶盐;二甲基苯甲酰甲基鋶盐、苯甲酰甲基四氢噻吩盐、二甲基苄基鋶盐等三烷基鋶盐等。
作为上述二苯基[4-(苯基硫基)苯基]鋶盐,例如可以使用商品名
“CPI-101A”(San-Apro(株)制造的二苯基[4-(苯基硫基)苯基]鋶六氟锑酸盐的50%碳酸亚丙基酯溶液)、商品名“CPI-100P”(San-Apro(株)制造的二苯基[4-(苯基硫基)苯基]鋶六氟磷酸盐50%碳酸亚丙基酯溶液)等市售品。另外,作为上述三芳基鋶盐,例如可以使用[4-(4-联苯基硫基)苯基]-4-联苯基苯基鋶三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸酯等市售品。
作为上述碘鎓盐,可举出例如:商品名“UV9380C”(Momentive PerformanceMaterials Japan制造的双(4-十二烷基苯基)碘鎓六氟锑酸盐45%烷基缩水甘油醚溶液)、商品名“RHODORSIL PHOTOINITIATOR 2074”(Rhodia Japan(株)制造的四(五氟苯基)硼酸酯[(1-甲基乙基)苯基](甲基苯基)碘鎓)、商品名“WPI-124”(和光纯药工业(株)制造)的二苯基碘鎓盐、二-对甲苯基碘鎓盐、双(4-十二烷基苯基)碘鎓盐、双(4-甲氧基苯基)碘鎓盐等。
作为上述硒鎓盐,可举出例如:三苯基硒鎓盐、三-对甲苯基硒鎓盐、三-邻甲苯基硒鎓盐、三(4-甲氧基苯基)硒鎓盐、1-萘基二苯基硒鎓盐等三芳基硒鎓盐;二苯基苯甲酰甲基硒鎓盐、二苯基苄基硒鎓盐、二苯基甲基硒鎓盐等二芳基硒鎓盐;苯基甲基苄基硒鎓盐等单芳基硒鎓盐;二甲基苯甲酰甲基硒鎓盐等三烷基硒鎓盐等。
作为上述铵盐,可举出例如:四甲基铵盐、乙基三甲基铵盐、二乙基二甲基铵盐、三乙基甲基铵盐、四乙基铵盐、三甲基-正丙基铵盐、三甲基-正丁基铵盐等四烷基铵盐;N,N-二甲基吡咯烷鎓盐、N-乙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓盐等吡咯烷鎓盐;N,N'-二甲基咪唑鎓盐、N,N'-二乙基咪唑鎓盐等咪唑鎓盐;N,N'-二甲基四氢嘧啶鎓盐、N,N'-二乙基四氢嘧啶鎓盐等四氢嘧啶鎓盐;N,N-二甲基吗啉鎓盐、N,N-二乙基吗啉鎓盐等吗啉鎓盐;N,N-二甲基哌啶鎓盐、N,N-二乙基哌啶鎓盐等哌啶鎓盐;N-甲基吡啶鎓盐、N-乙基吡啶鎓盐等吡啶鎓盐;N,N'-二甲基咪唑鎓盐等咪唑鎓盐;N-甲基喹啉鎓盐等喹啉鎓盐;N-甲基异喹啉鎓盐等异喹啉鎓盐;苄基苯并噻唑鎓盐等噻唑鎓盐;苄基吖啶鎓盐等吖啶鎓盐等。
作为上述鏻盐,可举出例如:四苯基鏻盐、四-对甲苯基鏻盐、四(2-甲氧基苯基)鏻盐等四芳基鏻盐;三苯基苄基鏻盐等三芳基鏻盐;三乙基苄基鏻盐、三丁基苄基鏻盐、四乙基鏻盐、四丁基鏻盐、三乙基苯甲酰甲基鏻盐等四烷基鏻盐等。
作为上述过渡金属络合物离子的盐,可举出例如:(η5-环戊二烯基)(η6-甲苯)Cr+、(η5-环戊二烯基)(η6-二甲苯)Cr+等铬络合物阳离子的盐;(η5-环戊二烯基)(η6-甲苯)Fe+、(η5-环戊二烯基)(η6-二甲苯)Fe+等铁络合物阳离子的盐等。
作为构成上述的盐的阴离子,可举出例如:SbF6 -、PF6 -、BF4 -、(CF3CF2)3PF3 -、(CF3CF2CF2)3PF3 -、(C6F5)4B-、(C6F5)4Ga-、磺酸阴离子(三氟甲磺酸阴离子、五氟乙烷磺酸阴离子、九氟丁烷磺酸阴离子、甲磺酸阴离子、苯磺酸阴离子、对甲苯磺酸阴离子等)、(CF3SO2)3C-、(CF3SO2)2N-、过卤酸离子、卤化磺酸离子、硫酸离子、碳酸离子、铝酸离子、六氟铋酸离子、羧酸离子、芳基硼酸离子、硫氰酸离子、硝酸离子等。
作为上述热阳离子聚合引发剂,可举出例如:芳基鋶盐、芳基碘鎓盐、丙二烯-离子络合物、季铵盐、铝螯合物、三氟化硼胺络合物等。
作为上述芳基鋶盐,可举出例如六氟锑酸酯盐等。在上述固化性组合物中,例如可以使用商品名“SP-66”、“SP-77”(以上,(株)ADEKA制造);商品名“San-Aid SI-60L”、“San-Aid SI-80L”、“San-Aid SI-100L”、“San-Aid SI-150L”(以上,三新化学工业(株)制造)等市售品。作为上述铝螯合物,可举出例如二异丙氧基乙酰乙酸乙酯合铝、三(乙基乙酰乙酸酯)合铝等。另外,作为上述三氟化硼胺络合物,可举出例如:三氟化硼单乙基胺络合物、三氟化硼咪唑络合物、三氟化硼哌啶络合物等。
需要说明的是,在上述固化性组合物中固化催化剂既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合2种以上而使用。
相对于阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,上述固化催化剂的含量(配合量)例如为0.01~3.0重量份,优选为0.05~3.0重量份,进一步优选为0.1~1.0重量份。通过将固化催化剂的含量设为0.01重量份以上,可以使固化反应有效且充分地进行,存在固化物的表面硬度或粘接性进一步提高的倾向。另一方面,通过将固化催化剂的含量设为3.0重量份以下,存在固化性组合物的保存性进一步提高、或抑制固化物的着色的倾向。
上述固化性组合物可以进一步含有上述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂、环氧化合物以外的阳离子固化性化合物(其它的阳离子固化性化合物)。作为其它的阳离子固化性化合物,可以使用公知或惯用的阳离子固化性化合物,可举出例如乙烯醚化合物等。
(其它的添加剂)
上述固化性组合物可以还含有作为其它任意的成分的沉淀二氧化硅、湿式二氧化硅、气相二氧化硅、烧成二氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化铝、玻璃、石英、铝硅酸、氧化铁、氧化锌、碳酸钙、炭黑、碳化硅、氮化硅、氮化硼等无机质填充剂,以及利用有机卤硅烷、有机烷氧基硅烷、有机硅氮烷等有机硅化合物对这些填充剂进行处理而得到的无机质填充剂;有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、氟树脂等有机树脂微粉末;银、铜等导电性金属粉末等填充剂、固化助剂、溶剂(有机溶剂等)、稳定化剂(抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、耐光稳定剂、热稳定化剂、重金属钝化剂等)、阻燃剂(磷类阻燃剂、卤类阻燃剂、无机类阻燃剂等)、阻燃助剂、增强材料(其它填充剂等)、成核剂、偶联剂(硅烷偶联剂等)、润滑剂、蜡、增塑剂、脱模剂、耐冲击改良剂、色相改良剂、透明化剂、流变调整剂(流动性改良剂等)、加工性改良剂、着色剂(染料、颜料等)、防静电剂、分散剂、表面改性剂(滑爽剂等)、消光剂、消泡剂、抑泡剂、脱泡剂、抗菌剂、防腐剂、粘度调整剂、增粘剂、光增敏剂、发泡剂等惯用的添加剂。这些添加剂可以单独使用1种,或组合2种以上而使用。
(固化性组合物的制造方法)
上述固化性组合物没有特别限定,可以通过将上述的各成分在室温下或根据需要一边加热、一边搅拌混合而制备。需要说明的是,固化性组合物既可以以直接使用各成分预先混合成的物质的1液系的组合物的形式使用,也可以以例如将分别保管的2种以上的成分在使用前以指定的比例混合而使用的多液系(例如2液系)组合物的形式使用。
上述固化性组合物没有特别限定,优选在常温(约25℃)下为液体。更具体而言,固化性组合物为稀释成溶剂20%的液体[特别是甲基异丁基酮的比例为20重量%的固化性组合物(溶液)]在25℃下的粘度例如为300~20000mPa·s,优选为500~10000mPa·s,更优选为1000~8000mPa·s。通过将上述粘度设为300mPa·s以上,存在固化物的耐热性进一步提高的倾向。另一方面,通过将上述粘度设为20000mPa·s以下,存在固化性组合物的制备或处理变得容易、另外在固化物中不易残留气泡的倾向。需要说明的是,固化性组合物的粘度可使用粘度计(商品名“MCR301”、Anton-Paar公司制造)、在振动角5%、频率0.1~100(1/s)、温度:25℃的条件下进行测定。
(固化物)
通过进行上述固化性组合物中的阳离子固化性化合物的聚合反应,可以使该固化性组合物固化,可以得到固化物。固化的方法可以从公知的方法中适当选择,可举出例如进行活性能量线的照射、和/或进行加热的方法。作为上述活性能量线,例如可以使用红外线、可见光线、紫外线、X射线、电子束、α射线、β射线、γ射线等任一种。其中,在适用性优异方面,优选紫外线。
使上述固化性组合物通过活性能量线的照射而固化时的条件(活性能量线的照射条件等)可以根据照射的活性能量线的种类或能量、固化物的形状或尺寸等而适当调整,在照射紫外线的情况下,例如为1~10000mJ/cm2左右,优选为50~10000mJ/cm2。需要说明的是,在活性能量线的照射中,例如可以使用高压水银灯、超高压水银灯、氙灯、碳弧、金属卤化物灯、太阳光、LED灯、激光等。在活性能量线的照射后,可以进一步实施加热处理(退火、老化)而进一步使固化反应进行。
另一方面,使固化性组合物因加热而固化时的条件例如为30~200℃,优选为50~190℃。固化时间可以适当设定。
上述固化性组合物如上所述通过进行固化,可以形成具有高的表面硬度且耐热性、且挠性及加工性优异的固化物。因此,固化性组合物特别是可以作为用于形成硬涂膜中的硬涂层的“硬涂层形成用固化性组合物”(有时称为“硬涂液”或“硬涂剂”等)特别优选使用。将上述固化性组合物用作硬涂层形成用固化性组合物,具有由该组合物形成的硬涂层的硬涂膜可维持高硬度及高耐热性,且具有挠性,可以进行以卷对卷的制造或加工。
(基材层)
作为用于本发明中的基材层的基材,可以使用塑料基材、金属基材、陶瓷基材、半导体基材、玻璃基材、纸基材、木基材(木制基材)、表面为涂装表面的基材等公知惯用的基材,没有特别限定。其中,优选塑料基材(由塑料材料构成的基材)。
构成上述塑料基材的塑料材料没有特别限定,可举出例如:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)等聚酯;聚酰亚胺;聚碳酸酯;聚酰胺;聚缩醛;聚苯醚;聚苯硫醚;聚醚砜;聚醚醚酮;降冰片烯类单体的均聚物(加成聚合物或开环聚合物等)、降冰片烯和乙烯的共聚物等降冰片烯类单体和烯烃类单体的共聚物(加成聚合物或开环聚合物等环状烯烃共聚物等)、它们的衍生物等环状聚烯烃;乙烯基类聚合物(例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)等丙烯酸类树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯树脂(ABS树脂)等);亚乙烯基类聚合物(例如聚偏二氯乙烯等);三乙酸纤维素(TAC)等纤维素类树脂;环氧树脂;酚醛树脂;三聚氰胺树脂;脲树脂;马来酰亚胺树脂;聚硅氧烷等各种塑料材料。需要说明的是,上述塑料基材可以由单独1种塑料材料构成,也可以由2种以上的塑料材料构成。
其中,作为上述塑料基材,在以得到作为硬涂膜的透明性优异的硬涂膜为目的的情况下,优选使用透明性优异的基材(透明基材),更优选为聚酯膜(特别是PET、PEN)、环状聚烯烃膜、聚碳酸酯膜、TAC膜、PMMA膜。
上述塑料基材可以根据需要含有抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、耐光稳定剂、热稳定剂、晶核剂、阻燃剂、阻燃助剂、填充剂、增塑剂、耐冲击性改良剂、增强剂、分散剂、防静电剂、发泡剂、抗菌剂等其它的添加剂。需要说明的是,添加剂既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合2种以上而使用。
上述塑料基材可以具有单层的构成,也可以具有多层(叠层)的构成,其构成(结构)没有特别限定。例如,上述塑料基材可以为在塑料膜的至少一个表面上形成有硬涂层以外的层(有时称为“其它的层”)塑料基材,其具有“塑料膜/其它的层”或“其它的层/塑料膜/其它的层”等叠层构成。作为上述其它的层,可举出例如硬涂层以外的硬涂层等。需要说明的是,作为构成上述其它的层的材料,可举出例如上述的塑料材料等。
上述塑料基材表面的一部分或全部可以实施粗化处理、易粘接处理、防静电处理、喷砂处理(砂消光处理)、电晕放电处理、等离子体处理、化学蚀刻处理、水消光处理、火焰处理、酸处理、碱处理、氧化处理、紫外线照射处理、硅烷偶联剂处理等公知惯用的表面处理。需要说明的是,上述塑料基材既可以为未拉伸膜,也可以为拉伸膜(单轴拉伸膜、双轴拉伸膜等)。
上述基材的厚度可以从例如0.01~10000μm的范围中适当选择,优选为1μm以上(例如1~10000μm),更优选为20~10000μm,进一步优选为50~1000μm。上述基材为透明基材时,透明基材的厚度例如为1~300μm,优选为20~250μm,更优选为40~200μm,进一步优选为50~150μm。
在硬涂层表面可以具有表面保护膜。本发明的成形体由于具有表面保护膜,存在冲压加工性进一步提高的倾向。在如上所述具有表面保护膜的情况下,例如硬涂层的硬度非常高,即使在冲压加工时容易产生来自基材的剥离或裂缝,也可以进行使用了汤姆森刀的冲压加工而不会产生如上所述的问题。
作为上述表面保护膜,可以使用公知惯用的表面保护膜,例如可以使用在塑料膜的表面具有粘合剂层的表面保护膜。作为上述塑料膜,可举出由例如聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯等)、聚烯烃(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、环状聚烯烃等)、聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸类树脂、聚碳酸酯、环氧树脂、氟树脂、有机硅树脂、二乙酸酯树脂、三乙酸酯树脂、聚芳酯、聚氯乙烯、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺等塑料材料形成的塑料膜。作为上述粘合剂层,可举出由例如丙烯酸类粘合剂、天然橡胶类粘合剂、合成橡胶类粘合剂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物类粘合剂、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物类粘合剂、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物类粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物类粘合剂等公知惯用的粘合剂的1种以上形成的粘合剂层。在上述粘合剂层中可以含有各种添加剂(例如防静电剂、润滑剂等)。需要说明的是,塑料膜、粘合剂层可以分别具有单层构成,也可以具有多层(复层)构成。另外,表面保护膜的厚度没有特别限定,可以适当选择。
作为表面保护膜,例如商品名“SUNYTECT”系列((株)SUN A.KAKEN制造)、商品名“E-MASK”系列(日东电工(株)制造)、商品名“MASTACK”系列(藤森工业(株)制造)、商品名“HITALEX”系列(日立化成工业(株)制造)、商品名“ALPHAN”系列(Oji F-Tex(株)制造)等市售品可以从市场上获得。
(热塑性树脂层)
作为构成本发明的成形体中的上述热塑性树脂层的热塑性树脂,可举出例如:烯烃类树脂、乙烯基类聚合物(加成聚合类树脂)、聚酯类树脂、聚酰胺类树脂、聚碳酸酯类树脂、聚氨酯类树脂、聚苯醚类树脂、聚苯硫醚类树脂、聚砜类树脂、纤维素衍生物、聚酰亚胺类树脂等。这些热塑性树脂中,从成形性、机械的特性等方面考虑,优选烯烃类树脂、乙烯基类聚合物(苯乙烯类树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂、聚丙烯腈类树脂、氯乙烯类树脂、乙烯基醇类树脂等)、聚酯类树脂。这些热塑性树脂可以单独使用或两种以上组合而使用。作为上述热塑性树脂层的优选的方式,可举出通过注塑成形等对片状的热塑性树脂片、上述热塑性树脂进行成形得到的热塑性树脂的成形物的方式。
作为上述烯烃类树脂,可举出烯烃的均或共聚物。作为烯烃,可举出例如:乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯、4-甲基-1-丁烯、1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯等C2-10-α-烯烃等。
作为上述苯乙烯类树脂,具体而言,可举出:聚苯乙烯(GPPS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS树脂)、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(MS树脂)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA树脂)、或耐冲击性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物(ABS树脂)、α-甲基苯乙烯改性ABS树脂、酰亚胺改性ABS树脂、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯共聚物(MBS树脂)等。
作为上述(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂,可举出例如:(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸己酯等(甲基)丙烯酸C1-8烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯等(甲基)丙烯酸羟基C2-8烷基酯等。
作为上述氯乙烯类树脂,可举出例如:聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-偏二氯乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯乙烯-C2-4烯烃共聚物(氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-丙烯共聚物等)、氯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物(氯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯等)、氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物等。
作为上述乙烯基醇类树脂,可举出例如:聚乙烯基醇、乙烯-乙烯基醇共聚物等。
作为上述聚酯类树脂,可举出例如:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)等含有C2-4亚烷基C6-10芳酯单元的聚C2-4亚烷基C6-10芳酯类树脂或聚-1,4-环己烷二甲基对苯二甲酸酯(PCT)等。
这些热塑性树脂可以为与可共聚的单体(共聚性单体)组合成的物质。作为共聚性单体,可举出例如:不饱和多元羧酸或其酸酐(例如马来酸、衣康酸、柠康酸或其酸酐等)、酰亚胺类单体[例如、马来酰亚胺、N-烷基马来酰亚胺(例如N-C1-4烷基马来酰亚胺等)、N-环烷基马来酰亚胺(例如N-环己基马来酰亚胺等)、N-芳基马来酰亚胺(例如N-苯基马来酰亚胺等)等N-取代马来酰亚胺]、(甲基)丙烯腈等氰化乙烯基类单体等]等。这些可共聚的单体可以单独使用或两种以上组合而使用。
上述热塑性树脂层可以单独由热塑性树脂构成,也可以为热塑性树脂和热塑性树脂以外的树脂(例如热固化性树脂)、或其它的有机物(例如橡胶)及无机物(例如金属)的混合物。热塑性树脂层中的热塑性树脂的比例例如为50重量%以上,优选为70重量%以上,更优选为90重量%以上。
上述热塑性树脂层既可以具有单层的构成,也可以具有多层(叠层)的构成,其构成(结构)没有特别限定。
上述热塑性树脂层表面的一部分或全部可以实施粗化处理、易粘接处理、防静电处理、喷砂处理(砂消光处理)、电晕放电处理、等离子体处理、化学蚀刻处理、水消光处理、火焰处理、酸处理、碱处理、氧化处理、紫外线照射处理、硅烷偶联剂处理等公知惯用的表面处理。需要说明的是,上述热塑性树脂层为片状时,既可以为未拉伸片,也可以为拉伸片。
上述热塑性树脂层的厚度可以从例如0.1~10000μm的范围中适当选择,优选为1~1000μm,更优选为10~500μm,进一步优选为20~300μm。厚度低于0.1μm时,有可能因加热而容易地被破坏,厚度超过10000μm时,不易将成形体加工成曲面形状。
上述热塑性树脂层的熔点例如为100~1000℃,优选为150~500℃,更优选为180~400℃,进一步优选为200~350℃。熔点低于100℃时,有可能成形体的耐热性变差,熔点超过1000℃时,不易将成形体加工成曲面形状。
作为上述热塑性树脂层,也可以使用市售品的热塑性树脂,例如可以使用商品名“Cevian V”(ABS、大赛璐聚合物(株)制造)、“CLEAPACT”(苯乙烯类树脂、DIC社制造)、“TOYOAS”(丙烯腈-苯乙烯(AS)、东洋Styrene(株)社制造)、“ACETY”(乙酸纤维素树脂、DaicelFine Chem(株)社制造)、“EVATATE”(EVA、住友化学(株)社制造)、“ARLEN”(改性聚酰胺6T(PA)、三井化学(株)社制造)、“UBE尼龙”(尼龙树脂(PA)、宇部兴产(株)社制造)、“DURANEX”(PBT、WinTechPolymer社制造)、“Panlite”(PC、帝人化成(株)社制造)、“Novapex”(PET、三菱化学(株)社制造)、“AURUM”(聚酰亚胺树脂(PI)、三井化学(株)社制造)、“ACRYPET”(PMMA、三菱丽阳(株)社制造)、“TPX”(聚甲基戊烯、三井化学(株)社制造)、“DURACON”(聚缩醛(POM)、Polyplastics(株)社制造)、“PrimePolypro”(PP、(株)PrimePolymer社制造)、「XYRON」(改性聚苯醚(改性PPE)、旭化成化学(株)社制造)、“DURAFIDE”(PPS、Polyplastics(株)社制造)、“CLEAREN”(苯乙烯类特殊透明(SBC)树脂、电化学工业(株)社制造)、“TOYOSTYROL”(PS、东洋Styrene(株)社制造)、“Sumiflex”(PVC、三菱化学(株)社制造)、“KURAMIRON U”(聚酯类热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、(株)可乐丽社制造)、“TOPAS”(环状烯烃-共聚物(COC)、Polyplastics(株)社制造)、“ASAFLEX”(苯乙烯类特殊透明树脂、旭化成化学(株)社制造)、“Ecoflex”(生物分解塑料、BASF日本社制造)等。也可以将用公知或惯用的方法将市售的上述热塑性树脂加工成片状的物质用作热塑性树脂层(片)。
另外,可以将市售的热塑性树脂片用作热塑性树脂层,作为市售的热塑性树脂片,例如可以使用商品名“NOACRYSTAL”(A-PET、RPL TOPLA(株)社制造)、“Clearne”(聚丙烯片(PP)、Sheedom(株)社制造)、“ACRYPLEN”(PMMA片、三菱丽阳(株)社制造)、“Esbiron Sheet”(PVC片、积水成型工业(株)社制造)等。
(成形体的制造方法)
本发明的成形体没有特别限制,可以通过包括以下的(A)~(C)的工序的方法来制造。本发明的成形体可以通过包括以下的(A)~(C)以外的工序(例如设置锚固层或粘合剂层的工序)的制造方法来制造。其中,在本发明的成形体中,优选以后述的(A)(B)(C)的顺序制造的方法(一体成形)、或以(A)(C)(B)的顺序制造的方法(后贴合)。
(A)在基材层上形成硬涂层(硬涂层形成工序)
(B)将基材层和热塑性树脂层贴合(贴合工序)
(C)将成形体成形为所期望的曲面形状(成形工序)
((A)硬涂层形成工序)
上述硬涂层形成工序为在基材层上形成硬涂层、制作带基材的硬涂膜的工序。硬涂层的形成可以按照公知或惯用的硬涂膜的制造方法而制造,其制造方法没有特别限定,可以通过在上述基材的至少一个表面上涂布上述固化性组合物(硬涂层形成用固化性组合物),根据需要通过干燥而除去溶剂之后,使固化性组合物(固化性组合物层)固化而制造。使固化性组合物固化时的条件没有特别限定,可以从形成上述的固化物时的条件中适当选择。需要说明的是,带基材的硬涂膜可以为带基材的硬涂片。
特别是由于硬涂层为由可以形成挠性及加工性优异的固化物的上述固化性组合物(硬涂层形成用固化性组合物)形成的硬涂层,因此,本发明的成形体可以以卷对卷方式的制造。通过将本发明的成形体以卷对卷方式制造,可以显著地提高其生产率。可以采用公知或惯用的卷对卷方式的制造方法,可举出例如包含下述工序作为必须的工序,并连续地实施这些工序的方法等:送出卷成卷状的基材的工序;在送出的基材的至少一个表面涂布固化性组合物(硬涂层形成用固化性组合物),接着,根据需要通过干燥而除去溶剂之后,通过使该固化性组合物(固化性组合物层)固化而形成硬涂层的工序;其后,将得到的带基材的硬涂膜再卷绕成卷的工序。需要说明的是,该方法可以包含这些工序以外的工序。
硬涂层的固化可以以一个阶段进行,也可以通过在硬涂层形成时使固化性组合物的一部分反应,使其成为不完全固化状态(B阶段化),在上述(A)~(C)的工序(特别、成形工序)之后,进行完全固化。通过这样将固化性组合物的固化以两个阶段进行,可以特别防止成形工序中的硬涂层的开裂。
另外,作为硬涂层的形成方法,除上述卷对卷方式以外,可举出喷涂。喷涂例如为通过公知或惯用的喷雾方法将上述固化性组合物(硬涂层形成用固化性组合物)涂布在一个基材层表面,根据需要通过干燥而除去溶剂之后,使固化性组合物(固化性组合物层)固化的方法。特别是对成形工序后的曲面进行喷涂,在可以防止硬涂层的开裂方面是有效的。另外,可以在一次利用卷对卷方式等形成硬涂层的层上,在成形工序后,进一步通过喷涂而形成硬涂层。
((B)贴合工序)
上述贴合工序如图2所示,为对带基材的硬涂膜(基材侧)和热塑性树脂层进行贴合的工序,可以通过公知或惯用的贴合方法而进行。贴合方法没有特别限定,从可以容易地贴合、生产率良好方面考虑,优选对基材和热塑性树脂层的一者或两者进行加热,且施加压力而进行热压的方法。上述热压可以以片状方式进行,也可以以卷对卷方式进行。进行加热的温度只要是基材或热塑性树脂的熔点以上的温度即可,例如为100~500℃,优选为150~300℃。压力例如为0.1~100Pa,优选为1~50Pa。上述贴合工序中,除上述热压以外,可举出使用粘合剂的方法等。作为粘合剂,可以使用丙烯酸类粘合剂、硅类粘合剂等公知或惯用的粘合剂。
((C)成形工序)
上述成形工序为成形为所期望的曲面形状的工序,可以通过公知或惯用的成形方法而进行,其方法没有特别限定,可举出使用有真空成形、注塑成形等模具成形方法。其中,从可以容易地成形方面考虑,优选真空成形。
上述真空成形例如为在具有由金属等材质构成的所期望的曲面形状的模上放置成形的物质(片状物),对成形的物质进行加热,然后,抽真空而成形为模具的形状的方法。可以使用市售的真空成形机(例如浅野研究所制造、真空压空成机“FK-0431-10”)。作为加热的温度,因使用的基材等不同而不同,没有特别限制,为100~300℃左右。
上述以(A)(B)(C)的顺序制造的方法(一体成形)中,在(A)硬涂层形成工序中制作带基材的硬涂膜,在(B)贴合工序中如图2的(B-1)所示在带基材的硬涂膜的基材侧贴合热塑性树脂层,在(C)成形工序中成形为所期望的曲面形状。特别是该一体成形在热塑性树脂层为片状的情况下是有效的,可以以卷对卷方式进行许多工序,因此,生产性特别优异。
上述以(A)(C)(B)的顺序制造的方法(后贴合)中,在(A)硬涂层形成工序中制作带基材的硬涂膜,在(C)成形工序中成形为所期望的曲面形状,在(B)贴合工序中如图2的(B-2)所示在带基材的硬涂膜的基材侧贴合热塑性树脂层。(C)成形工序中,优选除对带基材的硬涂膜进行成形以外,热塑性树脂层也另外通过注塑成形或真空成形等进行成形,制成与带基材的硬涂膜的形状相符的成形品。该后贴合,特别是在热塑性树脂层为厚壁且难以通脱上述一体成形的成形时是有效的。
本发明的成形体可维持高硬度及高耐热性,并且具有挠性,可以以卷对卷方式的制造或加工,因此,具有高的品质,生产性也优异。因此,本发明的成形体可以优选用于例如液晶显示器、有机EL显示器等显示装置;触摸面板等输入装置:太阳能电池;各种家电制品;各种电气/电子制品;便携电子终端(例如游戏机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、智能手机、便携电话等)的各种电气/电子制品;各种光学设备等各种制品。另外,本发明的成形体作为各种制品或其构件或部件的构成材料被使用的方式,可举出例如使用于触摸面板中的硬涂膜和透明导电膜的叠层体等的方式等。
实施例
以下,基于实施例,更详细地说明本发明,但本发明并不受这些实施例限定。需要说明的是,生成物的分子量的测定通过Alliance HPLC系统2695(Waters制造)、RefractiveIndex Detector 2414(Waters制造)、柱:Tskgel GMHHR-M×2(东曹(株)制造)、导向柱:Tskgel guard column HHRL(东曹(株)制造)、柱烘箱:COLUMNHEATERU-620(Sugai制造)、溶剂:THF、测定条件:40℃、标准聚苯乙烯计而进行。另外,生成物中的T2体和T3体的摩尔比[T3体/T2体]的测定通过利用JEOLECA500(500MHz)的29Si-NMR光谱测定而进行。生成物的Td5(5%重量减少温度)通过TGA(热重量分析),在空气气氛下、升温速度5℃/分钟的条件下进行测定。表1中的各组成的单位是重量份。
[实施例1]
(阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的制备)
在安装有温度计、搅拌装置、回流冷却器及氮导入管的300毫升的烧瓶(反应容器)中、在氮气流下装入2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷(以下称为“EMS”)161.5毫摩尔(39.79g)、苯基三甲氧基硅烷(以下称为“PMS”)9毫摩尔(1.69g)、及丙酮165.9g,升温至50℃。在如上所述得到的混合物中用5分钟滴加5%碳酸钾水溶液4.70g(作为碳酸钾为1.7毫摩尔),然后,用20分钟滴加水1700毫摩尔(30.60g)。需要说明的是,滴加期间,不发生显著的温度上升。其后,维持50℃,在氮气流下进行4小时缩聚反应。
分析缩聚反应后的反应溶液中的生成物,结果,数均分子量为1911,分子量分散度为1.47。由上述生成物的29Si-NMR光谱算出的T2体和T3体的摩尔比[T3体/T2体]为10.3。需要说明的是,用上述的方法测定生成物的FT-IR光谱,结果确认在1100cm-1附近具有一个固有吸收峰。
其后,冷却反应溶液,进行水洗至下层液成为中性,分取上层液,然后,在1mmHg、40℃的条件下从上层液中馏去溶剂,得到无色透明的液状的生成物(含有具有环氧基的倍半硅氧烷单元的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂;固化性树脂A)。上述生成物的Td5为370℃。
(硬涂膜的制作)
制作得到的固化性树脂A5.0重量份、固化催化剂0.1重量份、流平剂0.05重量份的混合溶液,将其作为硬涂液(固化性组合物)使用。
使用线棒#30在PET膜的表面涂布得到的硬涂液,然后,在70℃的烘箱中放置(预烘烤)1分钟,接着,使用高压水银灯(EYE GRAPHICS(株)制造),以400mJ/cm2的照射量照射紫外线5秒。其后,通过在15℃下热处理(老化处理)1小时而使硬涂液的涂敷膜固化,制作具有硬涂层的带基材的硬涂膜。
(成形体的制作)
在得到的带基材的硬涂膜的基材层侧,将作为热塑性树脂层的热塑性树脂(PMMA)片(商品名“ACRYPLEN”、三菱丽阳(株)社制造、厚度200μm)在温度110℃、2.5kg/cm2的条件下进行热压,使带基材的硬涂膜和热塑性树脂片一体化。其后,在真空成形机(浅野研究所制造、真空压空成型机“FK-0431-10”)内进行预热,直到一体化的片材(250mm×250mm)成为150℃,作为真空成形用的模具,使用具有凸型曲面形状的铝制模具,使进行了预热的片材以硬涂层为上的方式在模具上移动,在模具内进行吸引,得到曲面形状的成形体。
[实施例2~5]
关于实施例2~5,如表1所示,变更固化性树脂的配合量,添加环氧化合物0.5重量份而制备混合物(组合物),除此之外,与实施例1同样地制作带基材的硬涂膜,制作成形体。需要说明的是,用上述的方法测定实施例2~5中得到的组合物中的聚有机倍半硅氧烷的FT-IR光谱,结果确认均在1100cm-1附近具有一个固有吸收峰。需要说明的是,硬涂层的厚度如表1所示。
[实施例6]
(阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的制备)
在安装有温度计、搅拌装置、回流冷却器及氮导入管的300毫升的烧瓶(反应容器)中、在氮气流下装入EMS 161.5毫摩尔(39.79g)、PMS 9毫摩尔(1.69g)、及丙酮165.9g,升温至50℃。在这样得到的混合物中,用5分钟滴加5%碳酸钾水溶液4.70g(作为碳酸钾为1.7毫摩尔),然后,用20分钟滴加水1700毫摩尔(30.60g)。需要说明的是,滴加期间,不发生显著的温度上升。其后,维持50℃,在氮气流下进行4小时缩聚反应。
分析缩聚反应后的反应溶液中的生成物,结果,数均分子量为1799,分子量分散度为1.57。由上述生成物的29Si-NMR光谱算出的T2体和T3体的摩尔比[T3体/T2体]为10.1。需要说明的是,用上述的方法测定生成物的FT-IR光谱,结果确认在1100cm-1附近具有一个固有吸收峰。
其后,冷却反应溶液,进行水洗至下层液成为中性,分取上层液,然后,在1mmHg、40℃的条件下从上层液中馏去溶剂,得到无色透明的液状的生成物(含有具有环氧基的倍半硅氧烷单元的阳离子固化性有机硅树脂;固化性树脂B)。上述生成物的Td5为370℃。
(硬涂膜的制作)
制作得到的固化性树脂B 4.5重量份、环氧化合物0.5重量份、固化催化剂0.05重量份、流平剂0.05重量份的混合溶液,将其作为硬涂液(固化性组合物)使用。由得到的硬涂液与实施例1同样地制作带基材的硬涂膜,制作成形体。
[实施例7、8]
如表1所示变更硬涂液(固化性组合物)的组成及硬涂层的厚度,除此之外,与实施例6同样地制作硬涂液,制作成形体。
[比较例1~4]
关于比较例1~4,使用表1所示的固化性树脂,制备混合物(组合物)但不使用流平剂,除此之外,与实施例1同样地制作硬涂膜,制作成形体。
[铅笔硬度(表面硬度)]
以JIS K5600-5-4为基准评价上述中得到的成形体中的硬涂层表面的铅笔硬度(表面硬度)。将该评价结果示于表1。需要说明的是,评价进行3次,将最硬的硬度设为评价结果。
[弯曲(耐弯曲性)]
使用圆筒形心轴,以JIS K5600-5-1为基准评价上述中得到的硬涂膜的弯曲(耐弯曲性)。将该评价结果示于表1。
表1所示的简写符号如下所述。
(固化性树脂)
PETIA:季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯的混合物、商品名“PETIA”(Daicel-Allnex(株)制造)
IRR214K:三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、商品名“IRR214K”(Daicel-Allnex(株)制造)
TA-100:丙烯酸有机硅树脂、商品名“SQTA-100”(东亚合成(株)制造)
SI-20:丙烯酸有机硅树脂、商品名“SQSI-20”(东亚合成(株)制造)
(环氧化合物)
CELLOXIDE 2021P:3,4-环氧环己基甲基(3,4-环氧)环己烷羧酸酯、商品名“CELLOXIDE 2021P”((株)大赛璐制造)
环氧化合物A:双(3,4-环氧环己基甲基)醚
EHPE3150:2,2-双(羟基甲基)-1-丁醇的1,2-环氧-4-(2-环氧乙烷基)环己烷加成物、商品名“EHPE3150”((株)大赛璐制造)
环氧化合物B:2,2-双(3,4-环氧环己基甲基)丙烷
(溶剂)
MEK:甲基乙基酮
(固化催化剂)
WPI-124:商品名“WPI-124”、(和光纯药工业(株)制造、光产酸剂的50%溶液)
固化催化剂A:[4-(4-联苯基硫基)苯基]-4-联苯基苯基鋶三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸酯的丙二醇甲基醚乙酸酯50%溶液
IRGACURE184:光聚合引发剂、商品名“IRGACURE 184”(BASF日本(株)制造)
(流平剂)
Surflon S-243:氟化合物的环氧乙烷加成物、商品名“Surflon S-243”(AGCSEIMI CHEMICAL(株)制造)
工业实用性
本发明的成形体具有高的弯曲性或表面硬度,耐热性或加工性也优异,因此,可以作为玻璃替代物等利用于硬涂膜等。
Claims (14)
1.一种成形体,其具有曲面形状,所述成形体至少包含硬涂层、基材层、热塑性树脂层,其中,成形体的最表面为所述硬涂层,所述硬涂层由固化性组合物的固化物形成,所述固化性组合物至少含有阳离子固化性有机硅树脂、流平剂,所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂含有倍半硅氧烷单元,作为所述倍半硅氧烷单元,含有下述式(1)表示的结构单元及下述式(2)表示的结构单元,且所述式(1)表示的结构单元与所述式(2)表示的结构单元的摩尔比[式(1)表示的结构单元/式(2)表示的结构单元]为5以上,总单体单元中具有环氧基的单体单元的比例为50摩尔%以上,且所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂具有1000~3000的数均分子量,
[化学式1]
[R1SiO3/2] (1)
式(1)中,R1表示含有环氧基的基团、氢原子或烃基,
[化学式2]
[R1SiO2/2(OR2)] (2)
式(2)中,R1与式(1)中的R1含义相同,R2表示氢原子或碳原子数1~4的烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的成形体,其中,所述式(1)表示的结构单元相对于硅氧烷结构单元总量100摩尔%的比例为50摩尔%以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的成形体,其中,
相对于硅氧烷结构单元总量100摩尔%,所述式(1)表示的结构单元及所述式(2)表示的结构单元的总计的比例为55~100摩尔%。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其中,
所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂的分子量分散度(重均分子量/数均分子量)为1.0~3.0。
6.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其中,
所述流平剂为有机硅类流平剂和/或氟类流平剂,且含有对环氧基具有反应性的基团和/或水解缩合性基团。
7.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其中,
相对于所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,所述流平剂的比例为0.01~10重量份。
8.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其中,
所述流平剂为具有羟基的有机硅类流平剂,并且,相对于所述阳离子固化性有机硅树脂100重量份,流平剂的比例为0.01~5重量份。
9.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其还含有固化催化剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的成形体,其中,
所述固化催化剂为光阳离子聚合引发剂。
11.如权利要求9所述的成形体,其中,
所述固化催化剂为热阳离子聚合引发剂。
12.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其中,
所述固化性组合物为硬涂层形成用固化性组合物。
13.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其中,
所述硬涂层的厚度为0.1~200μm。
14.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的成形体,其以卷对卷方式制造。
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JP2015122342A JP6619954B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 | 2015-06-17 | 成形体 |
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PCT/JP2016/066256 WO2016203958A1 (ja) | 2015-06-17 | 2016-06-01 | 成形体 |
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JP6889638B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-06-18 | 株式会社ダイセル | プラスチックレンズ |
JP6889639B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-06-18 | 株式会社ダイセル | プラスチックレンズ |
JP6626950B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-12-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光学積層体 |
WO2019220642A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | 株式会社ダイセル | 積層フィルム、及びフォルダブルデバイス |
KR20220031925A (ko) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-03-14 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 하드 코트층 형성용 조성물, 하드 코트 필름, 하드 코트 필름의 제조 방법, 및 하드 코트 필름을 포함하는 물품 |
CN112760034A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-07 | 浙江伟星光学有限公司 | 一种增加树脂镜片表面硬度的加硬液 |
US11938670B2 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2024-03-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Powder coated vacuum formed articles |
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