CN110999744A

CN110999744A - Orchid greenhouse thrips prevention and control method

Info

Publication number: CN110999744A
Application number: CN201911260390.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈婷; 齐国君; 高燕; 石庆型; 王裕华; 吕利华
Original assignee: Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-12-10
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2020-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-10
Also published as: CN110999744B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing orchid greenhouse thrips, which comprises the step of using 15% isoprocarb aerosol. The 15% isoprocarb aerosol is used in three times. The method has the beneficial effects that 1) the method comprises various aspects of orchid greenhouse thrips prevention and control, and the setting is scientific, reasonable, comprehensive and effective; 2) the smoke agent is a common technology for preventing and controlling the diseases and insect pests of vegetables in greenhouses, but the use of the smoke agent on the orchid greenhouses is less, the smoke agent has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, labor saving, good pesticide effect, prevention of humidity increase in the greenhouses, low pesticide cost, less pesticide residue and the like, the prevention and control effect is obviously superior to pesticide application methods such as spraying and powder spraying, and the prevention and control effect is more obvious particularly in rainy days or disease epidemic periods. 3) The use method of the preferred 15% isoprocarb aerosol in the orchid greenhouse has a very remarkable effect.

Description

Orchid greenhouse thrips prevention and control method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of orchid greenhouse thrips prevention and treatment, and particularly relates to the technical field of applicability of a certain smoke agent in an orchid greenhouse; more particularly, the method belongs to the technical field of orchid greenhouse multi-aspect control.

Background

Orchid is a famous flower in the world and has extremely high ornamental value and economic value. Orchids are generally classified as Chinese orchids and cymbidium. The cymbidium refers to species with high ornamental value in orchidaceae and orchids, and mainly comprises cymbidium, cymbidium (and cymbidium, and the like, which belong to the terrestrial orchids; cymbidium, also called tropical orchid, and the like, and various species of cymbidium, such as cattleya, butterfly orchid, cymbidium hybridum, dendrobium nobile, wenxin, paphiopedilum, and the like. Widely distributed in japan, india, southeast asia, hawaii in the united states, taiwan, and australia. In the Guangdong of China, Silybum Cinerianum (Dichromothrips Smith) is a dominant species of thrips that is harmful to orchid.

The economic value of the orchid is high, and the value of the orchid is directly reduced after the orchid is damaged no matter the flower is in the ornamental period or the newly grown bud is grown, so that the prevention and the treatment of the thrips are particularly important. Because the thrips pests are tiny in body type and are usually hidden in the flower buds of the orchid, the pests are not easy to find, the reproductive capacity is extremely strong, the pests can be propagated in a large amount in a short period, and the outbreak of the pests is a pest, the pest is mainly prevented and controlled by chemical control in the production of the orchid. For a long time, because of the unscientific and reasonable use of chemical pesticides, the drug resistance of the insects is generated and continuously developed, so that orchid production faces a huge challenge. In addition, pests and their resistance can be spread by international trade traffic, so that control of thrips resistance worldwide also faces challenges.

The method for controlling orchid needs to adhere to the plant protection policy of 'prevention-oriented and comprehensive treatment', and particularly takes measures in time in the weak links of thrips life history, such as egg period, larva period and the like, so as to reduce the number of insect population and prevent thrips from outbreak. At present, the comprehensive prevention and control technology for the orchid thrips is provided by taking the prevention and control measures for the orchid thrips as the main and combining with the proper prevention and control of other thrips.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects of the problems and provides a high-efficiency control strategy of greenhouse orchid thrips, and establishes a pest control method for rapidly developing orchid industries in China.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The invention discloses a method for preventing orchid greenhouse thrips, which comprises the step of using isoprocarb pesticide. Isoprocarb, also known as cicada powder and methiocarb, is a contact insecticide with systemic action and belongs to a medium-toxicity insecticide. The pesticide is a pesticide with contact toxicity and systemic action, belongs to a cholinesterase inhibitor, has quick action and short residual period, and is used for preventing and treating rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, aphid, bed bug and the like in rice, cocoa, vegetables, sugarcane and other crops. Is safe to plant hopper natural enemies and spiders, but is harmful to bees. Since the description of the prior art is only in the case of the aforementioned insect types, no killing and application in orchids is reported on thrips bristlei (Steed-two-bristle thrips). Therefore, the applicant finds that the application effect of the isoprocarb pesticide in thrips siebrii (thrips siemi) and orchid plants is very obvious and deserves patent protection.

Furthermore, the isoprocarb pesticide is used as an aerosol.

Further, the isoprocarb pesticide disclosed by the invention is a 15% isoprocarb aerosol.

Further, the 15% isoprocarb aerosol provided by the invention is used for three times: the first smoking time is when the orchid sprouts in autumn; the second time of smoking is before spring festival, the full bloom period of orchid; the time for the third time of smoking is before the clearness.

Furthermore, the 15% isoprocarb aerosol is arranged in a smoke tube for use, the smoke tube is 4-5cm in diameter and 6-7cm high in bottom, a fuse is placed in the middle of the tube, the periphery of the tube is filled with prepared aerosol raw materials, the upper end of the tube is sealed after being compacted, the head of the fuse is exposed by 3-4cm, and the aerosol weight of each smoke tube is about 100 g.

Furthermore, the smoke tube is placed in the orchid greenhouse by a five-point method, and the using amount of the agent is 300-400 g/mu; the application time is selected in the shade or at night, the twisting is inserted into the medicinal powder when smoke is released, the medicinal powder is ignited one by one from inside to outside, and the greenhouse is sealed for more than 6-8 hours.

Further, the control method of the present invention comprises agricultural control; namely, before the orchid is ready to be planted in the greenhouse, a high-temperature closed shed is arranged: keeping the temperature of 45-55 ℃ for 4-5 hours, or disinfecting the tea leaves for 6-8 hours by using 3-5 mg/kg of ozone; arranging window screen with more than 50 meshes at the ventilation opening or the entrance; during the leisure period of the greenhouse, the indoor temperature is adjusted to be more than 39 ℃ for 2-3 days. Furthermore, the control method comprises physical control, namely, a blue insect-attracting plate is used at the seedling stage, the beginning of the transplanting stage or the early stage of flowering of the orchid.

Further, the control method of the present invention comprises biological control; namely, the orius minutus is released in the orchid greenhouse; and gradually raising the room temperature of the orchid greenhouse from 18 ℃ to 26 ℃ and not higher than 26 ℃ while releasing the orius sauteri.

Furthermore, the biological control method provided by the invention also comprises the step of using beauveria bassiana in the orchid greenhouse.

The technical scheme of the invention has better effect when being used in superposition, and the related technical parameters have the technical effect of 1+1> 2.

The method has the beneficial effects that 1) the method comprises various aspects of prevention and control of orchid greenhouse thrips, and the setting is scientific, reasonable, comprehensive and effective; 2) the smoke agent is a common technology for preventing and controlling the diseases and insect pests of vegetables in greenhouses, but the use of the smoke agent on the orchid greenhouses is less, the smoke agent has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, labor saving, good pesticide effect, prevention of humidity increase in the greenhouses, low pesticide cost, less pesticide residue and the like, the prevention and control effect is obviously superior to pesticide application methods such as spraying and powder spraying, and the prevention and control effect is more obvious particularly in rainy days or disease epidemic periods. 3) The use method of the preferred 15% isoprocarb aerosol in the orchid greenhouse has a very remarkable effect.

The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of female Silybum Citrini according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the female Simi two bristle thrips of the present invention.

Detailed Description

1) First-choice measure for strengthening plant quarantine and preventing dangerous pest from spreading

With the growing orchid industry, the domestic and international trade is gradually increased, the plant quarantine treatment is the primary task of preventing and treating the invasion and harm of external thrips, the quarantine is strict, and the tissue culture seedling is an insect-resistant variety.

2) Agricultural control

The temperature, humidity, light intensity and fertilizer and water management are enhanced, robust plants are cultivated, and the insect resistance is enhanced.

Weeds, residual plant fallen leaves and inflorescences without commodity values in the greenhouse are removed, the food sources of thrips and the egg-laying and overwintering places are reduced, and the sources of next generation insects are reduced. Before the orchid is ready to be planted in a greenhouse, arranging a greenhouse to be covered at high temperature (45-55 ℃ for 4-5 hours) or disinfected by ozone (3-5 mg/kg) for 6-8 hours; a window screen with more than 50 meshes is arranged at the ventilation opening or the entrance and exit to prevent the thrips from entering the shed room. The survival rate of the thrips is greatly influenced by high temperature and low temperature, and the survival rate of each pest state of the thrips is gradually reduced along with the increase of the temperature in the high temperature range of 36-44 ℃. During the leisure period of the greenhouse, the indoor temperature is adjusted to be more than 39 ℃ for 2-3 days, so that the thrips can be effectively killed.

3) Physical prevention and cure

The blue insect trapping plate is hung, thrips have strong taxis to blue, so that the circular blue plate color plate is hung at a height of about 6cm away from the plants, and the trapping effect is good. According to thrips, flowers and tender shoots which damage orchid occur, so that the flower is used at the seedling stage, the transplanting stage or the early stage of flowering. On one hand, the blue board can be used for occurrence monitoring, namely 1-2 green houses (6-30 meters) are hung, the number of imagoes is counted every 3 days, prevention and control are guided in time, and once the population number is increased, quick and effective chemical prevention and control are adopted in time; on the other hand, the method can be used for large-area seed prevention and control, namely 10-15 blocks are used for each standard greenhouse and replaced every 20-30 days, so that the occurrence and damage of thrips can be effectively controlled.

4) Biological control

Control of pests with insects is one of the important measures for facility/greenhouse pest control. The orius minutus has good application in the biological control of vegetable pests in facility agriculture in China, the predation amount of the orius minutus on the Frankliniella occidentalis by the orius minutus nymphs increases along with the temperature rise within 18-26 ℃, and the orius minutus can be released to control the thrips in an orchid facility planting greenhouse, because the greenhouse has a protection effect on the orius minutus and can be beneficial to mass propagation and natural colonization of the orius minutus. In addition, the method can be used for preventing and treating thrips by utilizing entomogenous fungi such as beauveria bassiana.

5) Aerosol control

The germination time of orchid is long, and new buds are continuously generated from beginning autumn to the next year. The orchid thrips is transferred to the damaged tender shoots after the flowers of the orchid wither, water-immersed patches are formed at the early stage of the base parts of the damaged tender shoots, and the water-immersed patches are dispersed to form spots after the tender leaves grow up and spread, which are very similar to leaf spot diseases. And because the orchid thrips is hidden and frightened, the important reason that the thrips is easy to misdiagnose as the disease in the production can be found only by carefully searching the tender bud harmed place.

Raw materials of the aerosol: 15% isoprocarb aerosol and pyrosol.

A chimney for aerosol smoking: the smoke generating tube needs a vessel with large heat storage capacity, high smoke generating speed and higher smoke forming rate. The cylinder with diameter of 4-5cm, height of 6-7cm and bottom is selected, and the material of the cylinder can be thick paper skin or plastic. And (3) placing the blasting fuse in the middle of the cylinder, filling the prepared aerosol raw materials around the blasting fuse, sealing the upper end of the cylinder after compacting, and exposing the head of the blasting fuse to the outside for 3-4cm, wherein the aerosol of each smoke tube weighs about 100 g. The prepared smoke tube is placed in a dry place for standby.

Use of the aerosol: the smoke agent is used for preventing and controlling orchid greenhouse thrips, and is placed in the orchid greenhouse by a five-point method, wherein the using amount of the smoke agent is 300-. The dosage is increased or decreased according to the height of the greenhouse, and smoke is preferably released in cloudy days or at night, and the smoke is ignited one by inserting the twisting into the medicinal powder, and the greenhouse is sealed for more than 6-8 hours.

From the first autumn to the second summer, the first smoke is released in the beginning of the period when the new bud is generated in autumn; the time of the second smoke release is before spring festival and in full bloom, and pests are easy to outbreak as pests; the time of the third smoke release is before the clearness, and the population base number of the insects which are harmful to the new buds in the autumn of the next year is reduced.

6) Thrips siemi morphology:

egg: kidney-shaped, grey-white. About 0.28mm in length.

Nymphs: the length of the mature nymphs is about 0.9mm, and the nymphs which are hatched initially are white and then gradually become orange red.

Fake pupae: the body length is about 1.19 mm. Orange red, wing buds on both sides of the back. The wing bud of the fake pupa is transparent at the initial stage and gradually changes into gray.

Adult: the female worms are slightly larger than the male worms, which are about 0.90mm long and about 1.22mm long. The wings of the primary eclosion become grey and gradually become black brown. The color of female tentacles in sections 1 and 2 is the same as that of the head, the base of sections 3-4 is brown, the end is light brown, sections 5-8 are brown, and the sections 3 and 4 are longest and are bottle-shaped. The anterior wing is brown and the color is lighter near the base. Dark brown foot, yellow tail of tarsal, forefoot, middle and hind poda. The back hair 5 pairs of the anterior chest back plate are all short and small. The 3 rd and 4 th abdominal joints, the tibialis and tarsal joints of the male are yellow. Tentacle brown, section 3-5 yellow. The anterior wing has a brown band.

7) Comparative experimental method:

experiment one, respectively using 15% isoprocarb aerosol to compare the control effects of important pest, namely, Strychnos rigidus and common Strychnos ficus linn which is a pest of ficus microcarpa in an orchid greenhouse. The control experiment is carried out indoors (length is 5m, width is 6m, height is 3m), aerosol control is carried out on Chinese orchid plants with thrips siemii and banyan tree plants with thrips banianus, 10 plants are respectively planted, the application amount is 30g, the death conditions of the two thrips are observed after 24 hours of control and 48 hours of control respectively, and the pest rate and the insect population reduction rate are recorded.

Experiment two, use 15% isoprocarb aerosol to control effects to two orchid varieties of national orchid and arundina graminifolia that the two bristle thrips of Si mi are mainly harmful separately. The control experiment is carried out indoors (the length is 5m, the width is 6m, and the height is 3m), aerosol control is carried out on the national orchid plant with the Silybum Cinerianum and the banyan tree plant with the Frankliniella ficorum, 10 plants are respectively planted, the application amount is 30g, the death conditions of the thrips on the two orchids are observed respectively after 24 hours of control and 28 days of control, and the insect plant rate and the insect population reduction rate are recorded.

And thirdly, respectively using a common sprayer to spray pesticides, and using 20% imidacloprid soluble solution to compare the control effects of the cymbidium sinense and the cymbidium bambusicola varieties mainly harmful to thrips simonii. The control experiment is carried out indoors (the length is 5m, the width is 6m, and the height is 3m), pesticide spraying control is carried out on the national orchid plant with the Silybum Cinerianum and the banyan tree plant with the Frankliniella ficorum, the pesticide concentration is 41.136(mg/L), 10 pots of plants are respectively planted in each plant, the death conditions of the thrips on the two orchids are observed respectively after 24 hours of control and 28 days of control, and the pest plant rate and the insect population reduction rate are recorded.

Control effect of table 115% isoprocarb aerosol on two thrips

As can be seen from the table 1, after the two thrips are subjected to aerosol control, observation and recording are respectively carried out after 24 hours and 48 hours, after 24 hours of control, the gynaikothrips ficorum strain rate is reduced to 22%, and after 48 hours of control, the gynaikothrips ficorum nymph decline rate reaches 100%. After 24h of control, the thrips bristlegrass strain rate is reduced to 0.

TABLE 215% Isoproparb Aerosol against two thrips siemii on orchid

As can be seen from Table 2, after the aerosol control is carried out on Silybum Cichorifolius on the orchids, namely, the orchids, and the arundinacea is subjected to aerosol control, observation and recording are carried out after 24 hours and 48 hours respectively, after the control is carried out for 48 hours, the rate of the orchids on orchids is reduced to 13.33%, and after the control is carried out for 28 days, the rate of the adult decline reaches 100%. After the arundina graminifolia is controlled for 48 hours, the rate of the thrips bristlessipes is reduced to 0, and after the arundina graminifolia is controlled for 28 days, the rate of adult reduction reaches 100 percent.

TABLE 320% Imidacloprid soluble agent control Effect on two Lanhua Shrub-two bristle thrips

As can be seen from Table 2, after imidacloprid spraying control is carried out on Silybum Cichorifolius on the orchids, namely, Chinese orchid and arundina graminifolium, observation and recording are carried out after 24 hours and 48 hours respectively, after 48 hours of control, the pest rate on the orchids is reduced to 50%, and after 28 days of control, the reduction rate of imagoes is only 60%. After the arundina graminifolia is controlled for 48 hours, the rate of the thrips bristlessipes is reduced to 60 percent, and after the arundina graminifolia is controlled for 28 days, the rate of the adult reduction is only 45 percent.

The above description is only a part of specific embodiments of the present invention (since the formula of the present invention belongs to the numerical range, the embodiments are not exhaustive, and the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the numerical range and other technical point ranges), and the detailed contents or common knowledge known in the schemes are not described too much. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation for those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preventing orchid from thrips in greenhouse features that the isoprocarb is used as agricultural chemical.

2. The method for controlling orchid greenhouse thrips according to claim 1, wherein the isoprocarb pesticide is used as an aerosol.

3. The method for controlling orchid greenhouse thrips according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the isoprocarb pesticide is 15% isoprocarb aerosol.

4. The orchid greenhouse thrips prevention and treatment method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the 15% isoprocarb aerosol is used in three times: the first smoking time is when the orchid sprouts in autumn; the second time of smoking is before spring festival, the full bloom period of orchid; the time for the third time of smoking is before the clearness.

5. The orchid greenhouse thrips control method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the 15% isoprocarb aerosol is used by being placed in a smoke tube, the smoke tube is 4-5cm in diameter, a cylinder 6-7cm high in height and with a bottom is provided with a fuse in the middle of the cylinder, the periphery of the cylinder is filled with prepared aerosol raw materials, the upper end of the cylinder is sealed after being compacted, the head of the fuse is exposed to the outside by 3-4cm, and the aerosol of each smoke tube weighs about 100 g.

6. The method for controlling orchid greenhouse thrips according to claim 5, wherein the smoke pipe is placed in the orchid greenhouse by a five-point method, and the using amount of the agent is 300-400 g/mu; the application time is selected in the shade or at night, the twisting is inserted into the medicinal powder when smoke is released, the medicinal powder is ignited one by one from inside to outside, and the greenhouse is sealed for more than 6-8 hours.

7. The orchid greenhouse thrips as claimed in claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the control method comprises agricultural control; namely, before the orchid is ready to be planted in the greenhouse, a high-temperature closed shed is arranged: keeping the temperature of 45-55 ℃ for 4-5 hours, or disinfecting the tea leaves for 6-8 hours by using 3-5 mg/kg of ozone; arranging window screen with more than 50 meshes at the ventilation opening or the entrance; during the leisure period of the greenhouse, the indoor temperature is adjusted to be more than 39 ℃ for 2-3 days.

8. A method for controlling orchid greenhouse thrips according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the method comprises physical control, that is, blue insect-attracting plates are used at the seedling stage, the beginning of the transplanting stage or at the early stage of flowering.

9. The orchid greenhouse thrips as claimed in claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the control method comprises biological control; namely, the orius minutus is released in the orchid greenhouse; and gradually raising the room temperature of the orchid greenhouse from 18 ℃ to 26 ℃ and not higher than 26 ℃ while releasing the orius sauteri.

10. The orchid greenhouse thrips control method of claim 9, wherein the biological control method further comprises using beauveria bassiana in the orchid greenhouse.