CN1109751A - 苯并噻吩化合物的水溶液包合配合物及其药物制剂和方法 - Google Patents

苯并噻吩化合物的水溶液包合配合物及其药物制剂和方法 Download PDF

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CN1109751A
CN1109751A CN94119313A CN94119313A CN1109751A CN 1109751 A CN1109751 A CN 1109751A CN 94119313 A CN94119313 A CN 94119313A CN 94119313 A CN94119313 A CN 94119313A CN 1109751 A CN1109751 A CN 1109751A
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H·U·布赖恩特
G·J·库里南
P·C·弗朗西斯
D·E·马吉
S·A·施韦坦纳
A·L·塔卡
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Abstract

本发明提供了某些已知苯并噻吩化合物,特别是 雷洛昔芬,和水溶性环糊精的含水包合配合物;还提 供了所述包合配合物的药物组合物,以及用这些配合 物抑制哺乳动物骨损失和降低血清胆固醇的方法。

Description

本发明涉及药物和有机化学领域并提供了一种新的包合配合物及其药物制剂,它们用于治疗哺乳动物的某些医学适应症。
下式Ⅰ的苯并噻吩或其盐是本领域已知的化合物(例如见美国专利No.4133814)。
其中:
R1和R3各自独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、-CO-(C1-C6烷基)、或-CO-Ar,其中Ar是任意取代的苯基;和
R2选自吡咯烷基、六亚甲基亚氨基和哌啶子基。已知这些化合物对于治疗各种哺乳动物(特别是人)的医学适应症是有效的,所述医学适应症包括例如绝经后的骨质疏松症和高血清胆固醇[例如见:Draper,et    al.,Effects    of    Raloxifene(LY    139481    HCl)on    Biochemical    Markers    of    Bone,和Lipid    Metabolism    in    Healthy    Postmenopausal    Women,和Bryant,et    al.,Protection    from    Bone    Loss和Lowering    of    Serum    Cholesterol    in    the    Absence    of    Uterin    Stimulation    in    Overiectomized    Rats,Am.Soc.Bone和Min.Res.,Tampa,9/18-22/93]。
式Ⅰ化合物,特别是这些化合物的酸加成盐(包括例如其盐酸盐、硫酸盐、氢溴酸盐、柠檬酸盐等),通常在室温下具有极差的水溶性。正是由于它们极差的水溶性,目前这些化合物需要用悬浮剂例如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚乙二醇等,制成水悬浮液形式给药。因此,目前使用式Ⅰ化合物的药物制剂对于许多给药方式不能应用。
特别是用于静脉内(Ⅳ)给药的制剂必须是溶液形式。悬浮液的静脉内给药是非常危险的。因为悬浮液中的颗粒物质能在哺乳动物的微脉管系统中滞留,引起威胁生命的阻滞和栓塞。
水溶性制剂对于药物的鼻内和气雾剂给药也是必须的。因为水溶性对于药剂穿过上、下呼吸道膜是必要的。不能提供这些药物的水溶液形式通常带来很差的药物吸收和/或刺激呼吸道。
另外,尽管不是很重要,人们希望有适合于其它给药途径的水溶性制剂。例如需要口服给药的溶液制剂。因为它们比其它形式的药剂更均匀,因此在胃肠道内提供更好的分散和吸收。药剂的水溶性制剂还能提供更高的安全性,并且给病人和主治医师提供方便。
尽管以前溶解式Ⅰ化合物以用于药物制剂的努力一般都失败了,但本发明提供了新的水溶液包合配合物及其药物组合物和使用这些配合物的方法。
本发明提供了一种水溶液包合配合物,它含有上述的式Ⅰ化合物和水溶性环糊精。
本发明进一步提供了一种药物组合物,它含有上述水溶液包合配合物及一种与之结合的可药用的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
本发明还提供了一种抑制骨损失的方法以及降低血清胆固醇水平的方法,其中包括需要这种治疗的哺乳动物施用有效量的上述包合配合物。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种水溶液包合配合物,其中含有一种式Ⅰ化合物或其盐及一种水溶性环糊精
其中:
R1和R3各自独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、-CO-(C1-C6烷基)、或-CO-Ar,其中Ar是任意取代的苯基;和
R2选自吡咯烷基、六亚甲基亚氨基和哌啶子基。
式Ⅰ化合物是本领域公知的且可以根据已有的方法(例如美国专利No.4,133,814、4,418,068和4,380,636中详细描述的方法)进行制备,以上专利作为参考文献并入本申请中。所述方法一般用带有6-羟基和2-(4-羟基苯基)的苯基[b]噻吩为原料。将原料化合物经保护、烷基化或酰基化、和去保护,得到式Ⅰ化合物。在上述美国专利中提供了制备这些化合物的实施例。
术语“取代的苯基”包括被C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氯原子、氟原子、或三(氯或氟)甲基取代一或两次的苯基。
术语“烷基”其本身或作为另一取代基的一部分,是指具有所述碳原子数的直链或支链烷基(例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基等),以及标明的高同系物和异构体。
术语“烷氧基”是指具有所述碳原子数并与氧原子键联的烷基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基等;也包括支链结构,例如异丙氧基和异丁氧基。
本发明方法中所用的化合物可与广范围的有机和无机酸和碱形成可药用的酸和碱加成盐,包括经常用于药物化学中的生理上可接受的盐。这些盐也是本发明和一部分。用于形成这些盐的典型的无机酸包括盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、连二磷酸等等。也采用由有机酸衍生的盐,有机酸的实例是例如脂肪族一元和二元羧酸、苯基取代的链烷酸、羟基链烷酸和羟基链烷二酸、芳酸、脂肪族和芳族磺酸。因此可药用的盐包括乙酸盐、苯乙酸盐、三氢乙酸盐、丙烯酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯代苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、邻-乙酰氧基苯甲酸盐、萘-2-苯甲酸盐、氢溴酸盐、异丁酸盐、苯基丁酸盐、β-羟基丁酸盐、丁炔-1,4-二酸盐、己炔-1,4-二酸盐、癸酸盐、辛酸盐、盐酸盐、肉桂酸盐、柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、甘醇酸盐、庚酸盐、苯甲酰氧基乙酸盐、乳酸盐、苯果酸盐、马来酸盐、羟基马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、烟酸盐、异烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、对苯二甲酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、丙炔酸盐、丙酸盐、苯基丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、癸二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、辛二酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、焦硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对-溴苯磺酸盐、氯苯磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、对-甲苯磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、酒石酸盐等等。优选的盐是盐酸盐。
一般通过使式Ⅰ化合物与等摩尔量或过量的酸反应生成可药用的酸加成盐。反应物通常在互溶剂如二乙醚或苯中混合。通常生成的盐在大约1小时至10天内从溶液中沉淀出来,并且可以通过过滤分离,或可以通过常规方法将溶剂分离去。
通常用于形成酚盐的碱包括氢氧化铵、碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物、碳酸盐,以及脂族伯、仲、叔胺和脂族二胺,在制备加成盐中特别有用的碱包括氢氧化铵、碳酸钾、甲胺、二乙胺、乙二胺和环己胺。
为实现本发明的目的,优选的式Ⅰ化合物是其中R1和R3各自为氢且R2是哌啶子基的化合物。特别优选的是该化合物的盐酸盐,它在本领域被称为雷洛昔芬(Raloxi fene)。
因此,在另一种起始物,即水溶性环糊精的存在下,式Ⅰ化合物作为本发明的一种起始物,反应生成本发明的水溶液包合配合物。
环糊精是含有象淀粉酶中那样通过α-键在1,4-位键合的6个或更多个α-D-吡喃葡糖单元的环状分子。由于该环状排列,使分子既没有还原性端基且也没有非还原性端基的特征。因此确信其配糖键具有有限自由度的旋光性,而且环糊精是以锥形分子存在的,伯羟基位于锥形分子的尖顶端,仲羟基位于锥形的大的底端,氢原子和氧原子沿由环状α-D-吡喃葡糖单位构成的中心空腔排列,得到一个相对亲油的空腔,但其表面是亲水性的。因此环糊精具有与某些有机和无机分子形成配合物的能力。
多种环糊精和它们的制备方法已有描述。例如,Parmeter(Ⅰ)等人(U.S.Pat.No.3,453,259)和Gramera等人(U.S.Pat.No.3,459,731)描述了电中性的环糊精。其它衍生物包括具有阳离子性质的环糊精[Parmeter(Ⅱ),U.S.Pat.No.3,453,257]、不溶性交联的环糊精(Solms,U.S.Pat.No.3,420,788)和具有阴离子性质的环糊精[Parmeter(Ⅲ),U.S.Pat.No.3,426,011]。在具有阴离子性质的环糊精衍生物中,已将羧酸、亚磷酸、三价膦酸、膦酸、磷酸、硫代膦酸、硫代亚磺酸和磺酸挂于环糊精母体[见Parmeter(Ⅲ),同上]。而且,Stella等人已公开了磺烷基醚环糊精衍生物[U.S.Pat.No.5,134,127)。
尽管在上述专利中已公开了许多种环糊精,且已知环糊精类可用于制备供某些药物投放系统的药剂,但在本领域也充分认识到环糊精类并不能帮助用所有药剂制备上述的体系。
因此,本发明所用环糊精类只限于水溶性环糊精,它在加入水时形成水溶液。环糊精的水溶性是本领域已知的或可以通过已知方法测定。在水溶性环糊精中,就制备本发明包合配合物而言,优选使用羟基烷基-β-环糊精(例如见U.S.Pat.No.4,727,064),特别是羟丙基-β-环糊精。
通常,将水加入到所期望的水溶性的、合成的或商业上购得的环糊精(参见:例如,Janssen    Chimica,Geel,Belgium;Sigma    Chemical    Company,St.Louis,Mo,Aldrich    Chemical    Company,Inc.,Milwaukee,WI;Pharmtec,Alachuo,FL;和Lancaster    Synthesis    Inc.,Windham,NH)中可制备本发明的水溶液包合配合物。加入足量的水,最好是去离子水,使得到的环糊精的浓度为大约10%至大约50%(w/v),最好为大约15%至大约25%(w/v)。大约5%(w/v)或更低的环糊精浓度是不理想的。将水和环糊精的混合物搅拌至溶液变清,由此制得了环糊精水溶液。
然后,将式Ⅰ化合物加入至上述水和环糊精的澄清的水溶液中,并且通常用声波处理短时间,一般大约1至5分钟。所得产物是本发明的水溶液包合配合物。在最终的包合配合物中期望的式Ⅰ化合物的浓度是大约0.1mg/ml至大约20mg/ml,优选大约5mg/ml至大约15mg/ml。
通常在室温下进行本发明的水溶液包合配合物的制备。
本发明包合配合物的pH是稍偏酸性至大约中性(大约pH5.0至大约7.0)。通常在制备药物组合物之前不需调节pH。
因此本发明还提供了药物组合物,它含有与可药用的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂相结合的本发明的水溶液包合配合物。用药学领域公知的方法制备所述的药物组合物,它们单独给药或与其它治疗剂结合给药。最好通过非肠道途径给药。特别优选的途径是静脉内。其它优选给药途径包括口、鼻内、和吸入给药。
在制备本发明组合物中,通常将包括至少一种本发明水溶液包合配合物的活性成份与赋形剂混合或用赋形剂稀释。当赋形剂被用作稀释剂时,它可以是起活性成分的载体或介质作用的液体物质。
合适的赋形剂的例子包括水和糖浆,制剂还可以包括湿润剂、防腐剂(如羟基苯甲酸甲酯和丙酯)、甜味剂和芳香剂。
优选以单位剂量形式配制组合物,每一剂量通常含大约1ml至大约100ml,更通常含大约20ml至大约60ml的活性成份水溶液。术语“单位剂量”是指适合人和其它哺乳动物作为单一剂量应用的物理上分散单位,每个单位含有预定的经计算能产生预期治疗效果的预定量的活性物质和与之结合的一种合适的药用赋形剂。
用来治疗上述医学适应症需要的本发明水溶液包合配合物的具体剂量将取决于疾病或病情的严重程度、给药途径、以及由主治医师决定的相关因素。一般可接受的和有效的剂量是大约0.1mg至大约1000mg,更典型的是大约50mg至大约600mg。所述剂量每天以一次至三次给予需要这种治疗的哺乳动物。
下面制剂实施例只是用来说明而不是以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
制剂1
如下制备静脉内制剂:
100ml    20%环糊精溶液,其中每毫升含100mg式Ⅰ化合物;
和等渗盐水加至1000ml。
制剂2
可以制备含下列成份的气雾剂溶液:
每毫升含有100mg式Ⅰ化合物的10ml    20%环糊精溶液;
25%乙醇;和
70% Propellant 22
Figure 941193136_IMG5
(氯代二氟甲烷)。
制剂3
可以制备含有下列成份的口服制剂:
含有200mg式Ⅰ化合物的20ml    20%环糊精溶液。
以前充分溶解式Ⅰ化合物的尝试一般都失败了,而我们意外地发现将式Ⅰ化合物加入到水溶性环糊精的水溶液中时能形成水溶液。
我们进一步非常吃惊地发现给与猴口服本发明的水溶液包合配合物,与施与等剂量制成湿润颗粒的制剂相比,能使式Ⅰ化合物(尤其是雷洛昔芬)的总血浆浓度增加15倍。
本发明的水溶液包合配合物对于绝经后的骨质疏松症的治疗是有效的。因此,本发明进一步提供了一种抑制骨损失的方法。它包括给需要治疗的哺乳动物,尤其是绝经妇女施用的效量的本发明水溶液包合配合物。
本发明的水溶液包合配合物对治疗高血清胆固醇也是有效的。因此本发明也提供了一种降低血清胆固醇水平的方法,它包括给需要治疗的哺乳动物(尤其是人类)施用有效量的本发明水溶液包合配合物。
下面提供的实施例只是进一步说明本发明。它不意味着由于任何下面实施例的原因而限制本发明范围。
实施例1
雷洛昔芬-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合配合物的制备
向100g羟丙基-β-环糊精中加入500ml去离子水制得20%(w/v)羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液。将混合物搅拌直至基变为澄清溶液。向一等份50ml的上述溶液中加入500mg雷洛昔芬,并将所得溶液置于超声器中3分钟。所得包合配合物是一澄清的黄色水溶液。

Claims (9)

1、一种水溶液包合配合物,它含有一种式Ⅰ化合物或其盐,及一种水溶性环糊精;式Ⅰ为:
Figure 941193136_IMG1
其中
R1和R3各自独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、-CO-(C1-C6烷基)、或-CO-Ar,其中Ar是任意被取代的苯基;和
R2选自吡咯烷基、六亚甲基亚氨基和哌啶子基。
2、权利要求1的包合配合物,其中所述式Ⅰ化合物的R2是哌啶子基,R1和R3各自为氢;并且所述的盐是盐酸盐。
3、权利要求2的包合配合物,其中所述的水溶性环糊精是羟丙基-β-环糊精。
4、权利要求3的包合配合物,其中式Ⅰ化合物的浓度是大约0.1mg/ml至大约20mg/ml,所述羟丙基-β-环糊精的浓度是大约10%至大约50%(重量/体积)。
5、权利要求4的包合配合物,其中式Ⅰ化合物的浓度是大约5mg/ml至大约10mg/ml,且所述羟丙基-β-环糊精的浓度是大约15%至大约25%(重量/体积)。
6、一种药物制剂,它含有作为活性成份的权利要求1~5中任一权项的包合配合物,及一种或多种与之相混合的可药用的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
7、用作骨损失抑制剂的权利要求1~5中任一权项的包合配合物。
8、用作血清胆固醇水平降低剂的权利要求1~5中任一权利要求的包合配合物。
9、制备    权利要求1~5中任一权利要求的包合配合物的方法,它包括:向水中加入适量的水溶性环糊精:搅拌该混合物直至混合物变为澄清;和向混合物中加入适量的式Ⅰ化合物或其盐
其中:
R1和R3分别独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、-CO-(C1-C5烷基)、或-CO-Ar,其中Ar是任意取代的苯基;和
R2选自吡咯烷基、六亚甲基亚氨基和哌啶子基。
CN94119313A 1993-12-14 1994-12-12 苯并噻吩化合物的水溶液包合配合物及其药物制剂和方法 Pending CN1109751A (zh)

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