CN110915521A

CN110915521A - Planting method of thin evodia

Info

Publication number: CN110915521A
Application number: CN201911259832.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 不公告发明人
Original assignee: Changsha Kaize Engineering Design Co Ltd
Current assignee: Changsha Kaize Engineering Design Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-10
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2020-03-27

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method of evodia lepta, which adopts seed propagation, specifically carries out the planting of the evodia lepta by a seedling raising and transplanting method, the seeds are firstly treated to destroy the surface of the seeds and improve the germination rate, the seedlings are firstly raised and then transplanted to ensure the survival rate, the field management comprises torsion treatment and trimming work, the effect of dwarfing plants is achieved, the growth of branches and leaves is promoted, and the yield and the quality of the evodia lepta are improved.

Description

Planting method of thin evodia

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a planting method of thin evodia.

Background

Thin evodia leaf (Melipope pteeifolia (Champion ex Bentham) Hartley), also known as thin evodia leaf, thin Evodia, Vernonia esculenta, triple gun, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, etc., is a medicinal plant of the genus Meloidium of the family Rutaceae, first recorded in "Lingnan drug collection record", a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in the area of Lingnan, and is commonly used for treating diseases such as traumatic injury, abscess, eczema, etc. The thin evodia has the efficacies of clearing away heat and toxic material, dispelling wind and removing dampness, reducing swelling and relieving pain and the like, is commonly used for treating diseases such as sore throat, malaria, icteric hepatitis, rheumatic osteodynia, eczema, dermatitis, sore and ulcer and the like, and is widely applied to Chinese patent medicines such as Sanjiu Ganmaoling granules, Sanjiuweitai, Sanjin tablets and the like at present. Meanwhile, the evodia lepta is a common medicinal and edible plant, has high edible value and has more than 100 years of history as an important raw material of the Guangdong herbal tea. The evodia lepta is used as a ethnic drug with wider application, has a certain clinical application basis, and has wide application prospect and development and utilization value.

The trigeminal bitter originates from the forest edge, hills, plains and brook sides at the elevation of 500-1800 m. The growth promoter is suitable for growth under the conditions of moist, shady and cool subtropical climate and high heat, and the growth is fast under the climate condition of 28-35 ℃; the Chinese medicinal composition is mainly distributed in provinces such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and is distributed in a small amount in regions such as Sichuan and Chongqing, and is commonly found in shrubs on hills, plains, stream sides and forest borders.

The plant of the bitter trigeminal is shrub or small arbor, generally 2-8 m high, and the whole plant is bitter. The bark is grey white and has long round holes. The leaves are three compound leaves, and are opposite; the leaf stalk is 3-10 cm long, and the base part is slightly expanded; the lobules are round and needle-shaped, 6-12 cm long and 2-6 cm wide, are made of paper, have blunt tips at the tips, are all-edged or irregularly and shallowly wavy, are dark green on the leaves, yellow green below, have glandular spots and are short in lobule petioles. The chamber-shaped cone inflorescence is axillary, the axes and the pedicel are short and soft at the beginning, and the flower falls off gradually after the flower. Small, simple, yellow-white, slightly fragrant; the calyx is deep-split, wide oval and about 0.5mm long; the petals are 4 petals, oval to long round, 1.5-2 mm long and have glandular spots; the male flower has 4 stamens which are longer than the petals, has a filament shape, has an oval anther shape, and is short and small in degenerated ovary; the female flower has thick ovary, thick quilt hair, 4 degenerated stamen, shorter than petal, and sterile anther. The whole-length fruit of the Gu is usually 2-3, but is diluted 1 or 2, and the epicarp is dark yellow brown to red brown and has deciduous spots; the seeds are black and glossy, and have an egg-shaped spherical shape.

At present, the trigeminal bitter is basically in a wild state, the wild trigeminal bitter is better in quality and continuously raised in price, so that wild resources are excessively harvested, and artificial large-area cultivation is imperative in order to prevent the shortage of the trigeminal bitter resources and meet the requirements for development and utilization of the trigeminal bitter in the future. The seeds are propagated under natural conditions, the mature period of the seeds ranges from 9 to 10 months, but the seeds have a hard and solid phenomenon, the dormancy time is as long as 5-6 months, so the germination rate is extremely low and is usually less than 8%, and the method is also the primary reason for limitation of planting of the bitter trigeminal herb. The trifoliate bitter can also be propagated by cutting, but has the defects of long period, low propagation coefficient and the like. In addition, the medicinal components of the trifacial bitter harvested by artificial planting are quite different from those of wild resources. At present, the research on the scale and standardized planting technology of the thin evodia needs to be developed, the industrialization of the production of the thin evodia is promoted, and meanwhile, the wild resources are protected.

In addition, the plants with the bitter trigeminal characteristics are high, so that the plants with the bitter trigeminal characteristics have the advantages that typhoons exist in the growing areas of the plants, the typhoons are not beneficial to resisting typhoons, and the harvesting difficulty and cost are increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method of thin evodia, which aims to solve the technical problems of low survival rate of artificial planting, reduced quality of the thin evodia, overhigh plant and the like.

In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a planting method of thin evodia, which comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-4: 0.1-0.2, and storing in sand;

(2) seedling and transplanting: taking out the seeds treated in the step (1), sowing the seeds into a seedling bed paved with nutrient soil, and transplanting the seedlings and the nutrient soil into a turned soil after the seedlings grow to 10-12 cm;

(3) field management: keeping the soil moist, twisting once when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, topdressing, pinching the tender tips when the seedlings grow to 70-80 cm, pinching the top branches when the seedlings grow to 100-110 cm, and picking the leaves until the leaf length of the leaf.

Preferably, the collecting time of the bitter trifoliate seeds is from 9 to 10 ten days of the month, and the sowing time is from 1 to 1 month of the next year.

Preferably, in the step (1), the specific method for heating the sodium hydroxide solution is as follows: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into a sodium hydroxide solution which is 5-8 times the weight of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate and has a mass concentration of 20-30%, heating at 35-38 ℃ for 40-50 minutes, and taking out.

Preferably, in the step (1), the specific method of the magnetic field treatment is: treating for 6-9 minutes under the condition of 1400-1600 GS magnetic field strength.

Preferably, in the step (1), the sodium bicarbonate solution is treated by a specific method comprising the following steps: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 20-30% and the weight of 5-8 times of that of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, standing and soaking for 2-3 hours, taking out the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, and washing for 3-4 times.

Preferably, in the step (1), the specific method for smoking the bituminous coal is as follows: spreading the thin bitter trifoliate seeds on a steaming drawer (small holes are formed, and seeds do not leak down properly) with the thickness of 5-6 mm, adding the steaming drawer and bituminous coal into a reaction kettle, wherein the interval between the bituminous coal and the bottom of the steaming drawer is 8-10 cm, igniting the bituminous coal, and carrying out smoking treatment for 20-30 minutes.

Preferably, in the step (1), the specific method for ultrasonic treatment of the sulfuric acid solution is as follows: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into sulfuric acid solution with the mass concentration of 70-80% and the weight of 5-8 times of that of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10-15 minutes, and taking out the treated bitter leaves of the trifoliate. The ultrasonic treatment time of the sulfuric acid solution can not be too long, so that the seed coat can be completely damaged, the protective barrier of the embryo can be completely removed, the embryo is easy to damage, and the germination rate is greatly reduced.

Preferably, the wet sand in the step (1) is prepared by mixing sand and water according to a weight ratio of 9: 1, uniformly stirring, and spraying water with the weight of 1/15 sand on the surface of the mixture every 10 days; the sand is prepared by mixing sand passing through a 20-mesh sieve and sand passing through a 30-mesh sieve according to the weight ratio of 2: 1 by mixing.

Preferably, in the step (2), the preparation method of the nutrient soil is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues, 5-8 parts of turfy soil, 10-15 parts of rice hulls and 18-20 parts of pond sludge in parts by weight, covering the mixture with a plastic film, carrying out stack retting fermentation for 2-3 days, uncovering the plastic film, and carrying out natural air drying.

Preferably, in the step (2), the periphery of the seedbed is compacted by square bricks, the soil is kept moist, the temperature is just the outdoor temperature (20-30 ℃), shallow sowing is needed during sowing, and the depth is 6-8 cm.

Preferably, in the step (2), the seedlings and the nutrient soil are transplanted in a soil moisture-sufficient manner, and the volume of each seedling with the nutrient soil is 10cm multiplied by 13cm in length, width and height.

Preferably, in the step (2), the land soil reforming method comprises the following steps: applying organic fertilizer, deep ploughing, mechanically or manually ridging, forming a row of sowing ditches on the ridge, wherein the distance between the center of the bottom of the ditch and the edge of the ridge is 18-22 cm, and the distance between the bottom of the ditch and the bottom of the ridge is 35-45 cm. When the soil is turned and finished, deep ploughing and deep ploughing are carried out, a plough layer is loosened, soil capillaries are cut off, the evaporation of soil moisture is weakened, and the soil salt return is effectively controlled; ridging is planted, waterlogging can be drained in time in a rainy season in the typhoon, watering can be carried out between ridges in a drought season, in addition, sowing ditches are formed in the ridges, salt and alkali in the land reach the tops of the sowing ditches along with water evaporation, and seedlings in the sowing ditches are effectively protected.

Preferably, in the step (2), the transplanting distance of the seedlings on the land is 1.5-1.8 m.

Preferably, in the step (3), the soil wetting standard is as follows: and (3) keeping the soil humidity at 30-35% (weight percentage).

Preferably, in the step (3), the twisting treatment is performed by the following specific method: continuously twisting 15-20 cm upwards from the position of the seedling close to the ground, wherein the included angle between the twisted branch and the ground is 28-32 ℃.

Preferably, in the step (3), the specific method for topdressing comprises the following steps: topdressing compound fertilizer, wherein N, P, K is in a weight ratio of 1: 1.5-2: 1.2-1.3, wherein the total weight of N, P, K is not less than 30%, the organic matter content is not less than 18%, and the application amount per mu is 15-25 kg.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method adopts seed propagation, specifically carries out the planting of the bitter leaves of trigeminal through a seedling transplanting method, the seeds are firstly treated to destroy the surfaces of the seeds and improve the germination rate, the seedlings are firstly grown and then transplanted to ensure the survival rate, the field management comprises torsion treatment and trimming work, the effect of dwarfing the plants is achieved, the growth of branches and leaves is promoted, and the yield and the quality of the bitter leaves of trigeminal are improved. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. under the condition of proper environment, the germination rate of the seeds is low mainly because of the mechanical obstruction of seed coats (the seed coats are thick and hard) and the existence of germination inhibitors, so that the germination rate can be naturally improved by treating the seeds and breaking the seed coats and the germination inhibitors. The seed coat mainly contains cellulose, minerals, etc., and mainly comprises cellulose, and the germination inhibitor mainly comprises organic acid, hydrocyanic acid (amygdalin), amide, etc., and not only exists in the seed coat, but also exists in embryo in the seed coat.

The method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out sodium hydroxide solution heating treatment, magnetic field treatment, sodium bicarbonate solution soaking treatment, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment on seeds. The sodium hydroxide solution belongs to strong base, and can react with strong acid in amide and organic acid to remove amide and strong acid germination inhibitor; the magnetic field treatment can fully excite the activity of the seeds and promote a subsequent treatment reagent to penetrate through the seed coats and enter the seed coats, so that germination inhibitors in the seed coats are broken; the sodium bicarbonate solution is weak base, and can react with weak acid such as hydrocyanic acid, weak acid in organic acid, etc. to remove weak acidic germination inhibitor; the essence of bituminous coal smoking is that smoke generated by bituminous coal is adsorbed by seeds, the smoke contains C, N, S and other components and water vapor, and the components in the smoke can penetrate through seed coats to enter the seeds at a higher temperature of the bituminous coal smoking, so that nutritional support is provided for the seeds, and residual temperature-sensitive germination inhibitors can be further destroyed by high temperature; and finally, carrying out ultrasonic treatment by using a sulfuric acid solution, wherein the purpose is mainly to destroy the cellulose of the seed coat, the cellulose has very stable chemical properties and contains a plurality of hydrogen bonds, and the cellulose can be hydrolyzed under the action of the sulfuric acid solution, so that the molecular polymerization degree is reduced, the intermolecular force is weakened, the strength is greatly reduced, the mechanical obstacle caused by the hydrolysis is naturally and correspondingly relieved, and the germination of seeds is facilitated. The strong alkali treatment, the weak alkali treatment and the strong acid treatment can not be reversed, so that the seed coat plays a role in protection during the strong alkali treatment and the weak alkali treatment, and the phenomenon that the strong alkali and the weak alkali penetrate through the seed coat in a large quantity to damage the activity of an embryo, so that the embryo dies and cannot germinate is avoided; the strong base and the weak base are helpful for generating ammonia gas by means of the reaction of the strong base and the amide, the amount of the ammonia gas is small, seed cells and embryos cannot be corroded, a channel is formed along with the escape of the ammonia gas in a reverse mode, the subsequent entry of the weak base is facilitated, and then the weak acid germination inhibitors are removed; and finally, the seeds are treated by strong acid, the treatment time is proper, the seeds cannot be corroded, the strength of the seed coats can be damaged, and the germination difficulty is reduced.

The treated seeds are mixed with wet sand and Liuhuan stone powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-4: 0.1-0.2, storing in sand, wherein the wet sand can ensure basic air permeability and humidity and keep the viability of the seeds, the key point of the invention is that a small amount of hexacyclic stone powder is introduced, the hexacyclic stone powder has natural energy and can emit far infrared rays to generate negative ions and bioelectricity and contain a large amount of trace elements, the far infrared rays play a role in accelerating germination, the negative ions and the bioelectricity enhance the viability and the nutrient absorption capacity of the seeds, and the trace elements provide nutrient support, namely, the accelerating germination is slowly continued in the sand storage process, so that the dosage of the hexacyclic stone powder is not too much, excessive accelerating germination can be caused, the germination is advanced, the external environment cannot reach the survival condition, and the death can be caused.

2. The treated seeds are substantially always subjected to germination accelerating treatment, so that germination accelerating is not needed, the seeds can be taken out and directly sown, the seedlings are sown into a seedbed with nutrition soil spread flatly, and the seedlings are transplanted into a turned soil together with the nutrition soil after the seedlings grow to 10-12 cm. Compared with direct land seeding, the nutrient soil seedling raising has better condition indexes, is beneficial to seed germination and differentiation, promotes the growth of seedling root systems, and is strong. And the transplanting is carried out together with the nutrient soil, so that the micro environment of the root system is slowly transited along with the growth, and the survival rate is improved. The control of the transplanting time is more critical, the seedlings cannot be too early or too late, the seedlings are not strong enough too early, the death rate after transplanting is high, the roots are seriously damaged too late in the transplanting process, the nutrition of the branches and the stems cannot be kept up, and the survival rate is also influenced.

The nutrient soil is prepared by mixing mushroom residues, turfy soil, rice hulls and pond sludge, composting and fermenting, wherein the pond sludge contains rich microorganisms and is beneficial to fermentation, the mushroom residues contain rich organic matters, the turfy soil contains humus and mineral substances, the rice hulls can preserve heat and enable the nutrient soil to be loose and breathable, and the rice hulls are also a pure natural fertilizer after being naturally decomposed. The finally formed nutrient soil is fluffy, breathable, not hardened, quick in water seepage, free of water accumulation, capable of preventing root rot of seedlings, capable of improving survival rate, capable of providing proper nutrition and capable of promoting growth.

3. Under the premise of keeping the soil moist, the field management mainly comprises the steps of twisting treatment, topdressing, pinching the tender tip and pinching the top branch, the twisting treatment cannot be carried out too early or too late, the trunk is not hard enough too early, the twisting can cause the death of plants, the trunk is too hard too late, a large number of cracks can be generated in the twisting process, the moisture and nutrition conveying pipelines are damaged, and the growth of the plants is influenced. The pruning of pinching the tender tip and pinching the apical branch is to play a role in dwarfing the plant in cooperation with the twisting treatment, the selection of the time of the tender tip and the apical branch is very critical, the rapid growth of the plant can be directly interrupted too early, the yield is greatly reduced, the intervention effect on the growth of the trunk is limited too late, and a good dwarfing effect cannot be achieved.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.

Detailed Description

The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.

Example 1:

a planting method of thin evodia comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 0.2 mixing and storing in sand;

(2) seedling and transplanting: taking out the seeds treated in the step (1), sowing the seeds into a seedling bed paved with nutrient soil, and transplanting the seedlings and the nutrient soil into a turned soil after the seedlings grow to 10 cm;

(3) field management: keeping the soil moist, twisting the seedlings once when the seedlings grow to 40cm, topdressing, pinching the tender tips when the seedlings grow to 70cm, pinching the top branches when the seedlings grow to 110cm, and picking the leaves until the leaf length of the leaf of the.

The collecting time of the bitter trifoliate seeds is from 9 to 10 ten days of the month, and the sowing time is 1 ten days of the next year.

In the step (1), the specific method for heating the sodium hydroxide solution is as follows: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate orange into 8 times of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 20%, heating at 38 ℃ for 40 minutes, and taking out.

In the step (1), the specific method of magnetic field treatment is as follows: the treatment is carried out for 6 minutes under the condition of 1600GS magnetic field strength.

In the step (1), the specific method for treating the sodium bicarbonate solution is as follows: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 20% and the weight of 8 times of that of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, standing and soaking for 3 hours, taking out the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, and washing for 3 times.

In the step (1), the specific method for smoking the bituminous coal comprises the following steps: spreading the seeds of the trifoliate bitter on a steaming drawer (small holes are formed, and the seeds do not leak down properly) with the thickness of 6mm, adding the steaming drawer and bituminous coal into a reaction kettle, wherein the interval between the bituminous coal and the bottom of the steaming drawer is 8cm, igniting the bituminous coal, and carrying out smoking treatment for 30 minutes.

In the step (1), the specific method for ultrasonic treatment of the sulfuric acid solution comprises the following steps: adding the seeds of the trifoliate-bitter into a sulfuric acid solution with the mass concentration of 80 percent and the weight of 5 times of that of the seeds, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10 minutes, and taking out the seeds.

The wet sand in the step (1) is prepared by mixing sand and water according to the weight ratio of 9: 1, uniformly stirring, and spraying water with the weight of 1/15 sand on the surface of the mixture every 10 days; the sand is prepared by mixing sand passing through a 20-mesh sieve and sand passing through a 30-mesh sieve according to the weight ratio of 2: 1 by mixing.

In the step (2), the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: the mushroom compost is prepared by mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues, 8 parts of turfy soil, 10 parts of rice hulls and 20 parts of lotus pond sludge in parts by weight, covering the mixture with a plastic film, performing stack retting fermentation for 2 days, uncovering the plastic film and performing natural air drying.

In the step (2), the periphery of the seedbed is compacted by square bricks, the soil is kept moist, the temperature is only required to be outdoor temperature, shallow sowing is required during sowing, and the depth is 6 cm.

In the step (2), transplanting the seedlings and the nutrient soil in sufficient soil moisture, wherein the volume of each seedling with the nutrient soil is 10cm multiplied by 13cm in length, width and height.

In the step (2), the land soil renovating method comprises the following steps: applying organic fertilizer, deep ploughing, mechanically or manually ridging, forming a row of sowing ditches on the ridge, wherein the distance between the center of the bottom of the ditch and the edge of the ridge is 22cm, and the distance between the bottom of the ditch and the bottom of the ridge is 35 cm. When the soil is turned and finished, deep ploughing and deep ploughing are carried out, a plough layer is loosened, soil capillaries are cut off, the evaporation of soil moisture is weakened, and the soil salt return is effectively controlled; ridging is planted, waterlogging can be drained in time in a rainy season in the typhoon, watering can be carried out between ridges in a drought season, in addition, sowing ditches are formed in the ridges, salt and alkali in the land reach the tops of the sowing ditches along with water evaporation, and seedlings in the sowing ditches are effectively protected.

In the step (2), the transplanting distance of the seedlings on the land is 1.8 m.

In the step (3), the standard of the soil wetting is as follows: soil moisture was maintained at 30% (weight percent).

In the step (3), the twisting treatment specifically comprises the following steps: continuously twisting the seedlings 20cm upwards from the position of the seedlings close to the ground, wherein the included angle between the twisted branches and the ground is 28 ℃.

In the step (3), the specific method for topdressing comprises the following steps: topdressing compound fertilizer, wherein N, P, K is in a weight ratio of 1: 2: 1.2, N, P, K weight ratio is not less than 30%, organic matter weight content is not less than 18%, and application amount per mu is 25 kg.

Example 2:

a planting method of thin evodia comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 4: 0.1 mixing and storing in sand;

(2) seedling and transplanting: taking out the seeds treated in the step (1), sowing the seeds into a seedling bed paved with nutrient soil, and transplanting the seedlings and the nutrient soil into a turned soil after the seedlings grow to 12 cm;

(3) field management: keeping the soil moist, twisting the seedlings once when the seedlings grow to 30cm, topdressing, pinching the tender tips when the seedlings grow to 80cm, pinching the top branches when the seedlings grow to 100cm, and picking the leaves until the leaf length of the leaf of the.

In the step (1), the specific method for heating the sodium hydroxide solution is as follows: adding the seeds of the trifoliate-bitter into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 30% and the weight of 5 times of that of the seeds, heating for 50 minutes at 35 ℃, and taking out.

In the step (1), the specific method of magnetic field treatment is as follows: the treatment is carried out for 9 minutes under the condition of 1400GS magnetic field strength.

In the step (1), the specific method for treating the sodium bicarbonate solution is as follows: adding the seeds of the trifoliate bitter into a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 30% and the weight of 5 times of the seeds of the trifoliate bitter, standing and soaking for 2 hours, taking out the seeds, and washing for 4 times.

In the step (1), the specific method for smoking the bituminous coal comprises the following steps: spreading the seeds of the trifoliate bitter on a steaming drawer (small holes are formed, and the seeds do not leak down properly) with the thickness of 5mm, adding the steaming drawer and bituminous coal into a reaction kettle, wherein the interval between the bituminous coal and the bottom of the steaming drawer is 10cm, igniting the bituminous coal, and smoking for 20 minutes.

In the step (1), the specific method for ultrasonic treatment of the sulfuric acid solution comprises the following steps: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate orange into sulfuric acid solution with the mass concentration of 70% and the weight of 8 times of that of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate orange, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 15 minutes, and taking out the treated bitter leaves of the trifoliate orange.

In the step (2), the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: the mushroom compost is prepared by mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues, 5 parts of turfy soil, 15 parts of rice hulls and 18 parts of lotus pond sludge in parts by weight, covering the mixture with a plastic film, performing stack retting fermentation for 3 days, uncovering the plastic film and performing natural air drying.

In the step (2), the periphery of the seedbed is compacted by square bricks, the soil is kept moist, the temperature is only required to be outdoor temperature, shallow sowing is required during sowing, and the depth is 8 cm.

In the step (2), the land soil renovating method comprises the following steps: applying organic fertilizer, deep ploughing, mechanically or manually ridging, forming a row of sowing ditches on the ridge, wherein the distance between the center of the bottom of the ditch and the edge of the ridge is 18cm, and the distance between the bottom of the ditch and the bottom of the ridge is 45 cm. When the soil is turned and finished, deep ploughing and deep ploughing are carried out, a plough layer is loosened, soil capillaries are cut off, the evaporation of soil moisture is weakened, and the soil salt return is effectively controlled; ridging is planted, waterlogging can be drained in time in a rainy season in the typhoon, watering can be carried out between ridges in a drought season, in addition, sowing ditches are formed in the ridges, salt and alkali in the land reach the tops of the sowing ditches along with water evaporation, and seedlings in the sowing ditches are effectively protected.

In the step (2), the transplanting distance of the seedlings on the land is 1.5 m.

In the step (3), the standard of the soil wetting is as follows: soil moisture was maintained at 35% (weight percent).

In the step (3), the twisting treatment specifically comprises the following steps: continuously twisting the seedlings upwards 15cm from the position, close to the ground, of the seedlings, wherein the included angle between the twisted branches and the ground is 32 ℃.

In the step (3), the specific method for topdressing comprises the following steps: topdressing compound fertilizer, wherein N, P, K is in a weight ratio of 1: 1.5: 1.3, N, P, K weight ratio not less than 30%, organic matter weight content not less than 18%, and application amount per mu is 15 kg.

Example 3:

a planting method of thin evodia comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 0.15 mixing and storing in sand;

(2) seedling and transplanting: taking out the seeds treated in the step (1), sowing the seeds into a seedling bed paved with nutrient soil, and transplanting the seedlings and the nutrient soil into a turned soil after the seedlings grow to 11 cm;

(3) field management: keeping the soil moist, twisting the seedlings once when the seedlings grow to 35cm, topdressing, pinching the tender tips when the seedlings grow to 75cm, pinching the top branches when the seedlings grow to 105cm, and picking the leaves until the leaf length of the leaf of the.

In the step (1), the specific method for heating the sodium hydroxide solution is as follows: adding the seeds of the trifoliate-bitter into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 25% and the weight of 6 times of that of the seeds, heating for 45 minutes at 37 ℃, and taking out.

In the step (1), the specific method of magnetic field treatment is as follows: the treatment is carried out for 8 minutes under the condition of 1500GS magnetic field strength.

In the step (1), the specific method for treating the sodium bicarbonate solution is as follows: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 25% and the weight of 6 times of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, standing and soaking for 2 hours, taking out the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, and washing the bitter leaves of the trifoliate for 3 times.

In the step (1), the specific method for smoking the bituminous coal comprises the following steps: spreading the trifoliate bitter seeds on a steaming drawer (with small holes, the seeds are preferably not leaked down) with the thickness of 6mm, adding the steaming drawer and bituminous coal into a reaction kettle, wherein the interval between the bituminous coal and the bottom of the steaming drawer is 9cm, igniting the bituminous coal, and smoking for 25 minutes.

In the step (1), the specific method for ultrasonic treatment of the sulfuric acid solution comprises the following steps: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate orange into sulfuric acid solution with the mass concentration of 75% and the weight of 6 times of that of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate orange, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 12 minutes, and taking out the treated bitter leaves of the trifoliate orange.

In the step (2), the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: the mushroom compost is prepared by mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues, 6 parts of turfy soil, 12 parts of rice hulls and 19 parts of lotus pond sludge in parts by weight, covering the mixture with a plastic film, performing stack retting fermentation for 3 days, uncovering the plastic film and performing natural air drying.

In the step (2), the periphery of the seedbed is compacted by square bricks, the soil is kept moist, the temperature is only required to be outdoor temperature, shallow sowing is required during sowing, and the depth is 7 cm.

In the step (2), the land soil renovating method comprises the following steps: applying organic fertilizer, deep ploughing, mechanically or manually ridging, forming a row of sowing ditches on the ridge, wherein the distance between the center of the bottom of the ditch and the edge of the ridge is 20cm, and the distance between the bottom of the ditch and the bottom of the ridge is 40 cm. When the soil is turned and finished, deep ploughing and deep ploughing are carried out, a plough layer is loosened, soil capillaries are cut off, the evaporation of soil moisture is weakened, and the soil salt return is effectively controlled; ridging is planted, waterlogging can be drained in time in a rainy season in the typhoon, watering can be carried out between ridges in a drought season, in addition, sowing ditches are formed in the ridges, salt and alkali in the land reach the tops of the sowing ditches along with water evaporation, and seedlings in the sowing ditches are effectively protected.

In the step (2), the transplanting distance of the seedlings on the land is 1.7 m.

In the step (3), the standard of the soil wetting is as follows: soil moisture was maintained at 32% (weight percent).

In the step (3), the twisting treatment specifically comprises the following steps: continuously twisting the seedlings upwards by 18cm from the position of the seedlings close to the ground, wherein the included angle between the twisted branches and the ground is 30 ℃.

In the step (3), the specific method for topdressing comprises the following steps: topdressing compound fertilizer, wherein N, P, K is in a weight ratio of 1: 1.8: 1.25, N, P, K, the weight ratio of the total weight is not less than 30%, the organic matter weight content is not less than 18%, and the application amount per mu is 20 kg.

Comparative example 1

The specific method of the step (1) is as follows: collecting the bitter trifoliate seeds, sequentially performing sodium bicarbonate solution soaking treatment, magnetic field treatment, sodium hydroxide solution heating treatment, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing with water, and mixing with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 0.15 mixing and storing in sand.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 2

The specific method of the step (1) is as follows: collecting the bitter trifoliate seeds, sequentially performing ultrasonic treatment on the bitter trifoliate seeds by using a sulfuric acid solution, heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, smoking by using bituminous coal, washing the bitter trifoliate seeds by using water, and mixing the bitter trifoliate seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic ring stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 0.15 mixing and storing in sand.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 3

The specific method of the step (1) is as follows: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5 mixing and storing in sand.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 4

The specific method of the step (1) is as follows: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 0.2 mixing and storing in sand.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 5

And (2) transplanting when the seedlings grow to 9 cm.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 6

And (2) transplanting when the seedlings grow to 13 cm.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 7

And (3) performing torsion treatment when the seedlings grow to 28 cm.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 8

And (3) performing torsion treatment when the seedlings grow to 42 cm.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 9

And (3) pinching the tender tips when the seedlings grow to 68cm, and pinching the top branches when the seedlings grow to 98 cm.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 10

And (3) pinching the tender tips when the seedlings grow to 82cm, and pinching the top branches when the seedlings grow to 112 cm.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Test examples

1. Germination rate and survival rate

The germination rates of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 are counted, the survival rates of the germinated seedlings of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 5-7 are counted, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Germination and survival statistics

	Percentage of germination (%)	Initial germination time (Tian)	Survival rate (%)
				Example 1	85	8	95
Example 2	84	8	95
				Example 3	86	7	96
Comparative example 1	65	10	--
				Comparative example 2	31	8	--
Comparative example 3	62	32	--
				Comparative example 4	49	7	--
Comparative example 5	--	--	53
				Comparative example 6	--	--	62
Comparative example 7	--	--	71

As can be seen from table 1, the planting methods of examples 1 to 3 had high germination rates and survival rates, and the initial germination time was early.

The specific method of step (1) in comparative example 1 was: collecting the bitter trifoliate seeds, sequentially performing sodium bicarbonate solution soaking treatment, magnetic field treatment, sodium hydroxide solution heating treatment, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing with water, and mixing with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 0.15 mixing and storing in sand; the treatment with weak base and strong base is carried out firstly, which can not remove the germination inhibitor sufficiently and affect the germination percentage.

The specific method of step (1) in comparative example 2 is: collecting the bitter trifoliate seeds, sequentially performing ultrasonic treatment on the bitter trifoliate seeds by using a sulfuric acid solution, heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, smoking by using bituminous coal, washing the bitter trifoliate seeds by using water, and mixing the bitter trifoliate seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic ring stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 0.15 mixing and storing in sand; strong acid treatment firstly damages seed coats, which causes the damage of a large amount of alkali to seeds subsequently, leads the seeds to die greatly and seriously affects the germination rate.

The specific method of step (1) in comparative example 3 is: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5 mixing and storing in sand; the Liuhuan stone powder is omitted, the unique energy influence and the nutrition support of the Liuhuan stone powder are lost, and the direct sowing and germination rate is low.

The specific method of step (1) in comparative example 4 is: collecting the bitter trigeminal seeds, sequentially performing heating treatment by using a sodium hydroxide solution, magnetic field treatment, soaking treatment by using a sodium bicarbonate solution, bituminous coal smoking and sulfuric acid solution ultrasonic treatment, washing the seeds by using water, and then mixing the seeds with wet sand and hexacyclic stone powder according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.5: 0.2 mixing and storing in sand; the hexacyclic ring stone powder is used in an excessive amount, and partially germinates in the storage process, so that the hexacyclic ring stone powder is dead and the germination rate is reduced.

Comparative example 5 the seedling was transplanted when the seedling grew to 9cm in step (2), and comparative example 6 the seedling was transplanted when the seedling grew to 13cm in step (2), the survival rate decreased.

Comparative example 7 the torsion treatment was performed when the seedlings grew to 28cm in step (3), and the survival rate was reduced.

2. Dwarfing effect and yield and quality of thin leaf of evodia

The plant heights and the yields and the qualities of the thin leaves of the evodia rutaecarpa (as well as the contents of the effective components of the evodiamine and the sesamin), which are compared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 8, 9 and 10, are counted, and the results are shown in a table 2 after the thin leaves of the evodia rutaecarpa are dried in the shade and are crushed into coarse powder and detected by HPLC.

The applicant detects the contents of evodiamine and sesamin in wild evodia trifoliata leaves in a certain place of Yunnan, and the contents are 20134 mu g/g and 1011 mu g/g respectively.

TABLE 2 comparison of the dwarfing effect of the plant, the yield and quality of the leaves

As can be seen from Table 2, the planting methods of examples 1 to 3 have good dwarfing effect, are convenient to pick, are beneficial to full growth of branches and leaves, have high yield of the bitter leaves of trigeminal, and have the quality equivalent to or slightly better than that of wild plants.

Comparative example 8 the torsion treatment was performed when the seedlings grew to 42cm in step (3), and the dwarfing effect was greatly impaired, affecting the yield and quality.

Comparative example 9 step (3) pinching the tender tips when the seedlings grow to 68cm, pinching the apical branches when the seedlings grow to 98cm, resulting in a decrease in yield and deterioration in quality; comparative example 10 step (3) when the seedling grows to 82cm, the young tip is pinched, and the apical branch is pinched when 112cm, resulting in poor dwarfing effect, insufficient growth of branches and leaves, and double reduction of yield and quality.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The planting method of the trifoliate bitter is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sodium hydroxide solution is heated by the following specific method: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into a sodium hydroxide solution which is 5-8 times the weight of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate and has a mass concentration of 20-30%, heating at 35-38 ℃ for 40-50 minutes, and taking out.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the specific method of the magnetic field treatment is as follows: treating for 6-9 minutes under the condition of 1400-1600 GS magnetic field strength.

4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sodium bicarbonate solution is treated by the following specific method: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 20-30% and the weight of 5-8 times of that of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, standing and soaking for 2-3 hours, taking out the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, and washing for 3-4 times.

5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the specific method of bituminous coal fumigation is as follows: spreading the thin bitter trifoliate seeds on a steaming drawer with the thickness of 5-6 mm, adding the steaming drawer and bituminous coal into a reaction kettle, wherein the interval between the bituminous coal and the bottom of the steaming drawer is 8-10 cm, igniting the bituminous coal, and smoking for 20-30 minutes.

6. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sulfuric acid solution is treated by ultrasonic waves by the following specific method: adding the bitter leaves of the trifoliate into sulfuric acid solution with the mass concentration of 70-80% and the weight of 5-8 times of that of the bitter leaves of the trifoliate, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10-15 minutes, and taking out the treated bitter leaves of the trifoliate.

7. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein the wet sand in step (1) is prepared by mixing sand and water in a weight ratio of 9: 1, uniformly stirring, and spraying water with the weight of 1/15 sand on the surface of the mixture every 10 days; the sand is prepared by mixing sand passing through a 20-mesh sieve and sand passing through a 30-mesh sieve according to the weight ratio of 2: 1 by mixing.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: the method comprises the following steps of mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues, 5-8 parts of turfy soil, 10-15 parts of rice hulls and 18-20 parts of pond sludge in parts by weight, covering the mixture with a plastic film, carrying out stack retting fermentation for 2-3 days, uncovering the plastic film, and carrying out natural air drying.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the twisting treatment is carried out by: continuously twisting 15-20 cm upwards from the position of the seedling close to the ground, wherein the included angle between the twisted branch and the ground is 28-32 ℃.

10. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the additional fertilization is carried out by the specific method comprising the following steps:

topdressing compound fertilizer, wherein N, P, K is in a weight ratio of 1: 1.5-2: 1.2-1.3, wherein the total weight of N, P, K is not less than 30%, the organic matter content is not less than 18%, and the application amount per mu is 15-25 kg.