CN110915358A

CN110915358A - Cherry seedling raising method

Info

Publication number: CN110915358A
Application number: CN201911286629.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡雷
Original assignee: Guizhou Xin Run Garden Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guizhou Xin Run Garden Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-14
Filing date: 2019-12-14
Publication date: 2020-03-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a cherry seedling raising method, which belongs to the field of fruit tree seedling raising, and comprises the following steps: (1) collecting and processing seeds; (2) preparing a seedbed; (3) sowing; (4) managing seedling emergence; (5) grafting; (6) and (5) managing grafted seedlings. According to the method, the wild cherries are used as stock seedlings, the local high-quality cherries are used as grafting scions, and the cultured grafting seedlings have the advantages of good plant disease resistance, good growth vigor, high yield and the like; through fine management, the seedlings have the advantages of developed and strong root systems, high transplanting survival rate and the like.

Description

Cherry seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit planting, in particular to a cherry seedling raising method.

Background

Cherry (scientific name: Cerasus pseudocerasus) is a general name for some prunus plants, including the subgenus prunus, the subgenus acerola, the subgenus Cerasus, and the like. Arbor, 2-6 m high, and grey bark. Branches are grayish brown, and the twigs are green and have no hair or are thinned and molted. Winter buds are oval and hairless. The fruit can be eaten as fruit, the appearance color is bright, crystal and beautiful, the color is red like agate, the color is yellow like condensed fat, and the fruit is rich in sugar, protein, vitamin, calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium and other elements. The cherry is a fruit tree which is pleased with light, temperature, humidity and fertilizer, and is suitable for growing under the climatic conditions that the annual average temperature is 10-12 ℃, the annual precipitation amount is 600-. The time that the daily average temperature is higher than 10 ℃ is 150-200d, and the growth is good in the places with the extreme lowest temperature of not lower than-20 ℃ in winter, and the result is normal. If the local area is frosty, the cherry garden can be selected from a northwest slope with slow temperature rise and ventilation in spring. Considering that the cherry roots are shallow in distribution and prone to wind fall, the garden land is preferably in a wind-damage-free area, and the soil is preferably sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer.

Seedlings are needed in the cherry planting process, and the traditional cherry seedling raising comprises a growing method, a cutting method, a high-altitude strip pressing method and a grafting method, wherein the grafting method is to graft branches or buds on a good variety plant to a proper position of another plant, so that the branches or buds are combined to generate a new plant. The method has the advantages of improving the variety, ensuring the strong stress resistance of the grafted seedling, keeping the excellent characters of the female parent, increasing the yield and the like, so that the grafted seedling is more adopted in the seedling process. The traditional grafting seedling culture method comprises the following steps: cherry grafting takes cherry seedlings, cherries, cherry blossoms and the like as stocks and good cherry varieties as scions, and the grafted seedlings after survival of grafting are cultivated and then transplanted. However, in the cultivation process of the grafted seedlings and the seedlings, due to improper management of water and fertilizer, the roots of part of the grafted seedlings or seedlings are not developed, branches are weak and small, the transplanting survival rate is not high, and the quality of cherry seedlings and the yield after transplanting are reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a cherry seedling raising method which has the advantages of good stress resistance, developed root system, thick and strong branches, high survival rate of transplanting and high later-stage yield and quality.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cherry seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection and treatment: in the mature season of the wild cherry, collecting mature and plump wild cherry fruits, cleaning and sterilizing the fruits after collecting the fruits, and then putting the fruits into a storage room with the temperature of 15-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-70% to naturally rot the fruits; after the pulp is completely rotten, washing the kernels, drying, mixing the kernels with sand, putting into a container with a cover, sealing, putting into an environment with the temperature of-2-3 ℃, and standing for 4-6 weeks;

(2) preparing a seedbed: selecting a section with good sunny and water drainage properties as a seedling growing ground, and arranging a seedling growing bed in the seedling growing ground, wherein the seedling growing bed is sequentially provided with a fine sand layer, a sawdust layer, a base fertilizer layer and a matrix layer from bottom to top; spraying disinfectant on each layer, and arranging sowing ditches on the matrix layer;

(3) sowing: uniformly stirring cherry seeds and a seed dressing agent, putting the mixture into the sowing trenches in the step (2), then covering soil, filling the mixture evenly, spraying water to ensure that the water content of the matrix layer is 50-55%, and finally paving pine needles for moisturizing; keeping the temperature in the seedling bed at 15-30 ℃ and the humidity at 60-70% until sprouting;

(4) and (3) seedling emergence management: within one week after the seedlings grow out, timely removing weak seedlings and weeds, and culturing the seedlings under the condition of good water and fertilizer for 6-8 months in the next year to obtain seedlings;

(5) grafting: selecting a good cherry variety as a grafting scion, and taking the seedling in the step (4) as a stock seedling; before sprouting in spring, selecting the upper part of the grafting position on the stock, shearing off redundant branches on the upper part by using scissors, splitting the rest piles by using a knife, wherein the opening depth is about 2-3 cm, the length of the scion is 8-10 cm, quickly cutting the scion into two sides to form a wedge shape, and then inserting the two sides into the split opening; after aligning the cambium, binding the cambium with a plastic film strip to be solid, placing the cambium in a cool and ventilated place for storage, and spraying water to keep the environment at high humidity;

(6) and (3) grafted seedling management: transplanting the grafted seedlings to a grafted seedling cultivation base after survival, watering thoroughly on the same transplanting day, and regularly watering within 1-2 months to keep the soil humidity at 50-60%; after the grafted seedling survives, 0.2 to 0.3 mass percent of potassium hydrogen phosphate solution is poured once every 2 weeks, and the grafted seedling is obtained after the grafted seedling is cultured in the spring of the next year under the condition of good water and fertilizer.

Preferably, the base fertilizer of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 50-80 parts of farmyard manure, 10-30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 15-30 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of straw and 5-10 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria.

Preferably, the matrix of the matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of humus soil, 30-50 parts of peat soil, 10-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-30 parts of vegetable garden soil.

Preferably, the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80% of thiophanate methyl, 12% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% of borax and 3% of naphthylacetic acid.

Preferably, the disinfectant is 300 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution or 200 times of 60% zineb wettable powder solution.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the method, wild cherries on local mountains are used as stock seedlings, high-quality cherry scions are used as grafted seedlings, the excellent properties of female parents are maintained by improving varieties, the stress resistance of the grafted seedlings is strong, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the yield is increased;

2. by collecting wild cherry fruits and putting the wild cherry fruits into a storage room with the temperature of 15-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-70%, the wild cherry fruits are naturally rotten for about one month, the cherry fruits are continuously ripe and absorb the nutrients of pulp, the maturity of seeds is good, and the germination rate of the seeds at the later stage is improved; in addition, the fruit stones and the sand are mixed and then are put into a container with a cover, the container is sealed and put into an environment with the temperature of-2 to 3 ℃, so that the nutritional ingredients in the seeds can be preserved, and the moisture can be preserved, thereby being beneficial to the germination of the seeds;

3. fine management is carried out in the whole seedling raising process, and a fine sand layer, a sawdust layer, a base fertilizer layer and a matrix layer are sequentially arranged on the seedling raising bed from bottom to top; disinfectant is sprayed on each layer, fine sand is beneficial to water and air permeability, sawdust is beneficial to moisture preservation and fertilizer preservation, a basal fertilizer layer is arranged at the bottom of the matrix layer, the fertility requirement of later-stage seedling growth is met, and seedling burning is avoided; the base fertilizer layer is composed of organic fertilizer, and can slowly provide nutrient components after fermentation and decomposition; after disinfection and sterilization, insect damage is reduced, specific fertilizer and water management is performed after seedling emergence, the nutritional requirements of seedling germination and rooting are met, the cultivated seedlings are strong, the root systems are developed, and the survival rate after later-stage transplantation is high.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features related to the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as no conflict is formed therebetween.

Example 1:

a cherry seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

(2) preparing a seedbed: selecting a section with good sunny and water drainage properties as a seedling growing ground, and arranging a seedling growing bed in the seedling growing ground, wherein the seedling growing bed is sequentially provided with a fine sand layer, a sawdust layer, a base fertilizer layer and a matrix layer from bottom to top; spraying disinfectant on each layer, and arranging sowing ditches on the matrix layer; the base fertilizer of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 50 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 15 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of straw and 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms); the matrix of the matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of humus soil, 30 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of vermiculite and 15 parts of vegetable garden soil; the disinfectant is 300 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution;

(3) sowing: uniformly stirring cherry seeds and a seed dressing agent, putting the mixture into the sowing trenches in the step (2), then covering soil, filling the mixture evenly, spraying water to ensure that the water content of the matrix layer is 50-55%, and finally paving pine needles for moisturizing; keeping the temperature in the seedling bed at 15-30 ℃ and the humidity at 60-70% until sprouting; the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80% of thiophanate methyl, 12% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% of borax and 3% of naphthylacetic acid;

Example 2:

a cherry seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

(2) preparing a seedbed: selecting a section with good sunny and water drainage properties as a seedling growing ground, and arranging a seedling growing bed in the seedling growing ground, wherein the seedling growing bed is sequentially provided with a fine sand layer, a sawdust layer, a base fertilizer layer and a matrix layer from bottom to top; spraying disinfectant on each layer, and arranging sowing ditches on the matrix layer; the base fertilizer of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 65 parts of farmyard manure, 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 25 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of straw and 8 parts of EM (effective microorganisms); the matrix of the matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of humus soil, 40 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of vermiculite and 25 parts of vegetable garden soil; the disinfectant is 200 times of 60 percent zineb wettable powder;

Example 3:

a cherry seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

(2) preparing a seedbed: selecting a section with good sunny and water drainage properties as a seedling growing ground, and arranging a seedling growing bed in the seedling growing ground, wherein the seedling growing bed is sequentially provided with a fine sand layer, a sawdust layer, a base fertilizer layer and a matrix layer from bottom to top; spraying disinfectant on each layer, and arranging sowing ditches on the matrix layer; the base fertilizer of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 80 parts of farmyard manure, 30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of straw and 10 parts of EM (effective microorganisms); the matrix of the matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of vermiculite and 30 parts of vegetable garden soil; the disinfectant is 200 times of 60 percent zineb wettable powder;

In order to verify the beneficial effects of the invention, the cherry seedlings are cultured according to the methods of the embodiments 1 to 3, and the conditions of the seedlings when the seedlings emerge, the survival rate after transplanting and the survival rate are shown in table 1:

table 1 shows the condition of the seedling, and the survival rate after transplanting and the survival rate

As can be seen from table 1, the grafted seedlings obtained by the method have high survival rate and low morbidity after being transplanted, that is, the seedling raising method can effectively improve the disease resistance of the cherry grafted seedlings, and the grafted seedlings cultured by the method have the advantages of strong root system, robustness and the like in appearance.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of the invention is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and alterations as is within the broadest scope of the claims set forth herein.

Claims

1. A cherry seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(5) grafting: selecting a good cherry variety as a grafting scion, and taking the seedling in the step (4) as a stock seedling; before sprouting in spring, selecting the upper part of the grafting position on the stock, shearing off redundant branches on the upper part by using scissors, splitting the rest piles by using a knife, wherein the opening depth is about 2-3 cm, the length of the scion is 8-10 cm, quickly cutting the scion into two sides to form a wedge shape, and then inserting the two sides into the split opening; after aligning the forming layer, binding the forming layer firmly by using a plastic film strip, placing the forming layer in a cool and ventilated place for storage, and spraying water to keep the environment high-humidity;

(6) and (3) grafted seedling management: transplanting the grafted seedlings to a grafted seedling cultivation base after survival, watering thoroughly on the same transplanting day, and regularly watering within 1-2 months later to keep the soil humidity at 50-60%; after the grafted seedling survives, 0.2 to 0.3 mass percent of potassium hydrogen phosphate solution is poured once every 2 weeks, and the grafted seedling is obtained after the grafted seedling is cultured in the spring of the next year under the condition of good water and fertilizer.

2. The cherry seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 50-80 parts of farmyard manure, 10-30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 15-30 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of straw and 5-10 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria.

3. The cherry seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix of the matrix layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of humus soil, 30-50 parts of peat soil, 10-30 parts of vermiculite and 15-30 parts of vegetable garden soil.

4. The cherry seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80% of thiophanate methyl, 12% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% of borax and 3% of naphthylacetic acid.

5. The cherry seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the disinfectant is a 300-time solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or a 200-time solution of 60% zineb wettable powder.