CN110809607A - 树脂组合物、层叠体和其制造方法、电极、二次电池以及双电层电容器 - Google Patents
树脂组合物、层叠体和其制造方法、电极、二次电池以及双电层电容器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110809607A CN110809607A CN201880045181.6A CN201880045181A CN110809607A CN 110809607 A CN110809607 A CN 110809607A CN 201880045181 A CN201880045181 A CN 201880045181A CN 110809607 A CN110809607 A CN 110809607A
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Abstract
树脂组合物,其包含(a)树脂和(b)碱性化合物;所述树脂包含聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之中的至少1种,在侧链上具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种酸性官能团,该酸性官能团的浓度为3.4摩尔/kg以上;由此提供高强度、高弹性模量、同时水溶液的长期稳定性高、填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性良好的树脂组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及树脂组合物、层叠体和其制造方法、电极、二次电池以及双电层电容器。
背景技术
锂离子电池作为能够充电的高容量电池,使电子设备的高功能化、长时间运行成为可能。进一步,锂离子电池被认为很可能安装在汽车等中作为混合动力车、电动汽车的电池。
当前广泛使用的锂离子电池作为正极,具有将包含钴酸锂等活性物质和聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)等的粘接剂的浆料涂布在铝箔上而形成的正极。此外,作为负极,具有将包含碳系的活性物质和PVDF、苯乙烯-丁二烯-橡胶(SBR)等的粘接剂的浆料涂布在铜箔上而形成的负极。
为了进一步增大锂离子电池的容量,作为负极活性物质,研究使用硅、锗或锡(例如参照专利文献1)。使用硅、锗、锡等的负极活性物质能够大量接受锂离子,因此在充分进行充电时和充分进行放电时的体积变化大。另一方面,上述的PVDF、SBR等粘接剂无法追随活性物质的体积变化。
因此,研究了将更高强度、高弹性模量的聚酰亚胺系的树脂作为负极的粘接剂(例如参照专利文献2)。然而,聚酰亚胺树脂一般而言,只能溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N'-二甲基乙酰胺等有机溶剂,存在环境负担高的问题。因此,将树脂混合在水系的溶剂中而制成水系粘接剂使用的研究正被推进。
关于聚酰亚胺系的树脂的水溶液,已知使聚酰亚胺前体与水溶性有机胺、咪唑系化合物加成而得到的物质的水溶液(例如参照专利文献3~4);将在侧链上导入有羟基、羧基或磺酸基的聚酰亚胺、和碱金属的氢氧化物等混合而得到的水溶液(例如参照专利文献5、非专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Macromol Symposia,1996,106,p.345-351
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2009-199761号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2009-245773号公报
专利文献3:日本特开平8-3445号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2002-226582号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2011-137063号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,如专利文献3~4所述那样的聚酰亚胺前体的水溶液存在聚合物主链水解而水溶液劣化的问题。此外,如专利文献5和非专利文献1所述的聚酰亚胺树脂的水溶液由于树脂在水中的溶解性低,因此存在制成水溶液时的长期稳定性不充分的问题。进一步,离子化的侧链与填料的相互作用小,将该水溶液制成浆料时,存在无法得到充分的填料分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性的问题。
本发明鉴于上述课题,目的在于,提供高强度、高弹性模量、同时水溶液的长期稳定性高、填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性良好的树脂组合物。
解决课题的手段
本发明是树脂组合物,其包含(a)树脂和(b)碱性化合物;所述树脂包含聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之中的至少1种,在侧链上具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种酸性官能团,该酸性官能团的浓度为3.4摩尔/kg以上。
发明的效果
通过本发明,能够得到高强度、高弹性模量、同时水溶液的长期稳定性高、填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性良好的树脂组合物。
具体实施方式
以下,详细说明本发明所涉及的树脂组合物、层叠体和其制造方法、电极、二次电池以及双电层电容器的适合实施方式。应予说明,本发明不因这些实施方式而受到限定。
<树脂组合物>
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物包含(a)树脂和(b)碱性化合物;所述树脂包含聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之中的至少1种,在侧链上具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种酸性官能团,该酸性官能团的浓度为3.4摩尔/kg以上。
((a)树脂)
(a)包含聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之中的至少1种的树脂在侧链上具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种酸性官能团。(a)的树脂在侧链上具有酸性官能团,由此在水中的溶解性优异。
在进一步提高在水中的溶解性方面,优选(a)的树脂在全部重复单元中包含50摩尔%以上的在侧链上包含酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种的重复单元结构。(a)的树脂中的上述重复单元结构的含量更优选为70摩尔%以上、进一步优选为90摩尔%以上。
聚酰亚胺是例如使二胺与四羧酸或其衍生物反应而得到的聚合物。聚酰亚胺中的二胺残基优选具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种。
聚酰胺酰亚胺是例如使二胺与三羧酸或其衍生物反应而得到的聚合物。聚酰胺酰亚胺中的二胺残基优选具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种。
聚苯并噁唑是例如使具有羟基的二胺与二羧酸或其衍生物反应而得到的聚合物。聚苯并噁唑中的二羧酸残基优选具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种。
作为二胺的优选的具体例,可以举出双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)砜、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)亚甲基、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)醚、双(3-氨基-4-羟基)联苯、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)芴、双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)砜、双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)丙烷、双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)亚甲基、双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)醚、双(4-氨基-3-羟基)联苯、双(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)芴那样的具有羟基的二胺;3-羧基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基醚、3,5-二氨基苯甲酸、3,4-二氨基苯甲酸、3,3'-二羧基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4'-二羧基-3,3'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)砜、2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3-氨基-5-羧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-羧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双(3-氨基-5-羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)醚等含羧基的二胺、3-磺酸-4,4'-二氨基二苯基醚等含磺酸的二胺和将这些的芳香环加氢而得到的化合物等。
此外,在不损害水溶液的长期稳定性的范围,也可以使用具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种的二胺之外的二胺(其他二胺)作为共聚成分。作为其他二胺的优选的具体例,可以举出3,4'-二氨基二苯基醚、4,4'-二氨基二苯基醚、3,3'-二氨基二苯基醚、3,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,3'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,4'-二氨基二苯基砜、4,4'-二氨基二苯基砜、3,3'-二氨基二苯基砜、3,4'-二氨基二苯基硫醚、4,4'-二氨基二苯基硫醚、3,3'-二氨基二苯基硫醚、1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、间苯二胺、对苯二胺、1,5-萘二胺、2,6-萘二胺、双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜、双[4-(3-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜、4,4'-双(4-氨基苯氧基)联苯、双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]醚、2,2'-二甲基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、2,2'-二乙基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、3,3'-二乙基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、2,2',3,3'-四甲基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、3,3',5,5'-四甲基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、2,2'-二(三氟甲基)-4,4'-二氨基联苯和将这些的芳香环加氢而得到的化合物等。
(a)的树脂为聚苯并噁唑的情况下,优选使用上文示出的具有羟基的二胺。
作为四羧酸或其衍生物的优选的具体例,可以举出均苯四甲酸、3,3',4,4'-联苯四甲酸、2,3,3',4'-联苯四甲酸、2,2',3,3'-联苯四甲酸、3,3',4,4'-二苯甲酮四甲酸、2,2',3,3'-二苯甲酮四甲酸、2,2-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、1,1-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷、1,1-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷、双(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)砜、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)醚、1,2,5,6-萘四甲酸、2,3,6,7-萘四甲酸、2,3,5,6-吡啶四甲酸、3,4,9,10-苝四甲酸等芳族四羧酸;1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸、1,2,3,4-环戊烷四甲酸、环己烷四甲酸、双环[2.2.1.]庚烷四甲酸、双环[3.3.1.]四甲酸、双环[3.1.1.]庚-2-烯-四甲酸、双环[2.2.2.]辛烷四甲酸、金刚烷四甲酸、双环[2,2,2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四甲酸、内消旋丁烷-1,2,3,4-四甲酸、1,2,3,4-丁烷四甲酸等脂肪族四羧酸、和这些四羧酸的二酸酐、或、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-5(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)萘并[1,2-c]呋喃-1,3-二酮、3-(羧基甲基)-1,2,4-环戊烷三甲酸1,4:2,3-二酸酐等。
作为三羧酸或其衍生物的优选的具体例,可以举出偏苯三甲酸、均苯三甲酸、二苯基醚三甲酸、联苯三甲酸、和这些三羧酸的酸酐等。
作为二羧酸或其衍生物的优选的具体例,可以举出3,5-二羧基苯酚、2,4-二羧基苯酚、2,5-二羧基苯酚那样的具有羟基的二羧酸、3,5-二羧基苯磺酸、2,4-二羧基苯磺酸、2,5-二羧基苯磺酸那样的具有磺酸基的二羧酸等。
此外,在不损害水溶液的长期稳定性的范围,也可以使用具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种的二羧酸之外的二羧酸(其他二羧酸)作为共聚成分。作为其他二羧酸的优选的具体例,可以举出对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、二苯基醚二羧酸、二苯基砜二羧酸、二苯基甲烷二羧酸、联苯二羧酸、2,2'-双(羧基苯基)丙烷、2,2'-双(羧基苯基)六氟丙烷等。
此外,(a)的树脂也可以与聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之外的树脂(其他树脂)混合使用。作为其他树脂的优选的具体例,可以举出丙烯酸树脂、甲基丙烯酸树脂、乙烯基树脂、酚醛树脂和纤维素树脂等。作为特别优选的例子,可以举出聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和羧基甲基纤维素。
此时,从树脂组合物的强度和弹性模量的观点出发,优选包含树脂总体的80质量%以上、更优选包含85摩尔%以上、进一步优选包含90摩尔%以上、最优选包含95摩尔%以上(a)的树脂。
(a)的树脂中的酸性官能团的浓度为3.4摩尔/kg以上、优选为3.5摩尔/kg以上、更优选为4.0摩尔/kg以上、最优选为4.3摩尔/kg以上。通过提高(a)的树脂中的酸性官能团的浓度,水溶液的长期稳定性提高。此外,树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,树脂与填料的相互作用提高,树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性提高。由此,由树脂组合物制作的涂膜的厚度均匀性、耐化学试剂性提高。(a)的树脂中的酸性官能团的浓度的上限值没有特别限制,优选为6.0摩尔/kg以下。
在此所称的酸性官能团的浓度是指(a)的树脂1kg中包含的酸性官能团的摩尔数,如下所述地算出。将(a)的树脂中的重复单元中的酸性官能团的数量记作A(个),将该重复单元的分子量记作B。
针对A、B,例如下述重复单元的情况下,A=2,B=548。
[化1]
此外,下述重复单元的情况下,A=2,B=851。
[化2]
官能团浓度用A/B×1000算出。
此外,(a)的树脂是具有多种重复单元的共聚物的情况下,将各重复单元的官能团浓度与摩尔比相乘得到的值的总和记作(a)的树脂的官能团浓度。例如,下述结构中n/(n+m)=0.7的情况下,A=2×0.7=1.4,B=548×0.7+382×0.3=498,因此官能团浓度为1.4/498×1000=2.81。
[化3]
进一步,从使水溶液的长期稳定性更高的观点、和在树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,(a)的树脂优选包含下述通式(1)所示的结构作为重复单元。
[化4]
通式(1)中,R1表示碳原子数2~50的2价有机基团,包含酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种。R2表示碳原子数2~50的3价或4价有机基团。
包含通式(1)所示的结构作为重复单元的树脂例如使在结构中包含酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种的二胺、与四羧酸或其衍生物反应而得到。
树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,包含通式(1)所示的结构作为重复单元的树脂优选包含(a)的树脂总体的60摩尔%以上、更优选包含80摩尔%以上、进一步优选包含90摩尔%以上、最优选包含95摩尔%以上。
树脂中的通式(1)所示的结构单元的含量能够通过以下的方法估算。其一是将树脂用红外分光法(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、热重测定-质谱(TG-MS)、飞行时间型二次离子质谱法(TOF-SIMS)等进行分析的方法。另外的方法是将树脂分解为各构成成分后,用气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、质谱(MS)、FT-IR、NMR等进行分析的方法。还另外的方法是在高温下将树脂灰化后,用元素分析等进行分析的方法。
特别地,本发明中,将树脂分解为各构成成分后,将高效液相色谱(HPLC)和质谱(MS)组合进行分析。
(二胺残基)
通式(1)中,R1表示在结构中包含酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种的二胺残基。作为给出上述二胺残基的优选的二胺的具体例,如前所述。
从水溶液的长期稳定性这一观点出发,在(a)的树脂中包含的通式(1)所示的结构的总数中,优选包含20摩尔%以上的R1具有芳族骨架的结构。即,(a)的树脂中的R1的20摩尔%以上优选为芳族二胺残基。更优选为50摩尔%以上、进一步优选为70摩尔%以上、最优选为90摩尔%以上。
此外,从水溶液的长期稳定性这一观点出发,R1更优选为下述通式(2)和(3)中的至少一者。
[化5]
R15表示卤素原子或碳原子数1~8的1价有机基团。s表示0~3的整数。t表示1或2的整数。
[化6]
R16和R17各自独立地表示卤素原子或碳原子数1~8的1价有机基团。u和v各自独立地表示0~3的整数。w和x各自独立地表示1或2的整数。R18是单键、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳原子数1~3的2价有机基团。
作为碳原子数1~3的2价有机基团的优选的具体例,可以举出碳原子数1~3的饱和烃基等。
树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,s优选为0。
树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,u和v优选为0。
作为给出通式(2)或(3)所示的二胺残基的二胺,可以举出3,5-二氨基苯甲酸、3,4-二氨基苯甲酸、3,3'-二羧基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4'-二羧基-3,3'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、双(3-氨基-5-羧基苯基)甲烷、双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)砜、2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3-氨基-5-羧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-羧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双(3-氨基-5-羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、双(3-氨基-4-羧基苯基)醚等。
此外,在不损害水溶液的长期稳定性的范围,上述结构中,也可以包含前述其他二胺的残基。其他二胺残基的优选的含量在(a)的树脂中的R1之中为40摩尔%以下、更优选为30摩尔%以下、进一步优选为25摩尔%以下、最优选为10摩尔%以下。
组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性提高、耐化学试剂性提高的观点出发,特别优选R1的1~25摩尔%为下述通式(4)和(5)中的至少一者。
[化7]
R19表示卤素原子或碳原子数1~8的1价有机基团。k表示0~4的整数。
树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,k优选为0。
[化8]
R20和R21各自独立地表示卤素原子或碳原子数1~8的1价有机基团。l和m各自独立地表示0~4的整数。R22是单键、O、S、NH、SO2、CO或碳原子数1~3的2价有机基团。
作为碳原子数1~3的2价有机基团的优选的具体例,可以举出碳原子数1~3的饱和烃基等。
树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,l和m优选为0。
作为给出这些二胺残基的原料,除了二胺之外,还可以使用在二胺残基的结构中替代氨基而键合有异氰酸酯基的二异氰酸酯化合物;二胺的氨基中的2个氢原子被三甲基甲硅烷基替代而得到的四(三甲基甲硅烷基)化二胺。
进一步,为了提高与基材的密合性,(a)的树脂中的R1的1~10摩尔%可以是包含硅氧烷键的二胺残基。作为给出包含硅氧烷键的二胺残基的具体二胺,可以举出1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷等。
组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性提高、由树脂组合物制作的膜的厚度均匀性提高的观点出发,R1的0.1~10摩尔%优选为下述通式(6)。
[化9]
R24表示氢原子或甲基。p和q各自独立地表示0以上整数,1<p+q<20。
树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,更优选R24为氢原子、且p=0,进一步优选1<q<4。
(酸残基)
通式(1)中,R2表示四羧酸残基(以下称为“酸残基”)。作为给出酸残基的优选的四羧酸或其衍生物的例子,如前所述。
此外,也可以使用基于上述例示的四羧酸的羧酸残基的氢原子中的1~4个被羟基、氨基、磺酸基、磺酸酰胺基或磺酸酯基替代而得到的物质。
作为酸残基,优选为选自下述结构中的至少1种。即,R2优选为选自下述结构中的至少1种。其中,更优选为脂肪族结构。
[化10]
R3和R4各自独立地表示卤素原子或碳原子数1~6的有机基团。R5~R14各自独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子或碳原子数1~6的有机基团。a1为0~2的整数。a2为0~4的整数。a3和a4各自独立地为0~4的整数,a3+a4<5。a6为0~6的整数。a5和a7各自独立地为0~2的整数。
作为R3和R4的优选的具体例,可以举出氯原子、氟原子、碳原子数1~4的饱和烃基、碳原子数4~6的环状饱和烃基、三氟甲基等。
作为R5~R14的优选的具体例,可以举出氢原子、氯原子、氟原子、碳原子数1~4的饱和烃基、碳原子数4~6的环状饱和烃基、三氟甲基等。树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,从树脂与填料的相互作用进一步提高、树脂组合物内的填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性进一步提高的观点出发,R5~R14更优选为氢原子。
此外,从相同的观点出发,优选a1和a2为0,优选a3+a4<2,优选a6为0~2、更优选为0,优选a5和a7为0~1、更优选为0。
通过使用这些酸残基,不仅水溶液的长期稳定性提高,而且在树脂组合物包含后述的填料的情况下,树脂与填料的相互作用提高,树脂组合物内的填料的分散性提高。由此,由树脂组合物制作的膜的厚度均匀性、耐化学试剂性提高。
在得到上述的效果方面最优选的酸残基为下述结构。
[化11]
进一步,根据需要,还可以使用1,3-双(对羧基苯基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、1-(对羧基苯基)3-邻苯二甲酸-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3-双邻苯二甲酸-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷等具有硅氧烷键的羧基化合物。通过含有源自具有硅氧烷键的羧基化合物的酸残基,能够提高由树脂组合物制作的膜相对于基板的粘接性。
(封端剂)
从水溶液的稳定性、填料的分散性的观点出发,包含通式(1)所示的结构作为重复单元的树脂的末端骨架优选包含选自下述通式(7)、(8)和(9)所示的结构中的至少1种。
[化12]
R25、R26和R27各自独立地表示碳原子数4~30的1价有机基团,包含酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种。
这些结构可以通过酸酐、单羧酸、和单胺化合物等封端剂对树脂的末端进行封端,从而导入。
通式(4)中,25表示酸酐的残基。作为酸酐的具体例,可以举出3-羟基邻苯二甲酸酐等。
通式(5)中,R26表示单羧酸的残基。作为单羧酸的具体例,可以举出2-羧基苯酚、3-羧基苯酚、4-羧基苯酚、2-羧基苯硫酚、3-羧基苯硫酚、4-羧基苯硫酚、1-羟基-8-羧基萘、1-羟基-7-羧基萘、1-羟基-6-羧基萘、1-羟基-5-羧基萘、1-羟基-4-羧基萘、1-羟基-3-羧基萘、1-羟基-2-羧基萘、1-巯基-8-羧基萘、1-巯基-7-羧基萘、1-巯基-6-羧基萘、1-巯基-5-羧基萘、1-巯基-4-羧基萘、1-巯基-3-羧基萘、1-巯基-2-羧基萘、2-羧基苯磺酸、3-羧基苯磺酸、4-羧基苯磺酸等。
通式(6)中,R27表示单胺的残基。作为单胺的具体例,可以举出3-氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶、2-氨基苯酚、3-氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯酚、5-氨基-8-羟基喹啉、4-氨基-8-羟基喹啉、1-羟基-8-氨基萘、1-羟基-7-氨基萘、1-羟基-6-氨基萘、1-羟基-5-氨基萘、1-羟基-4-氨基萘、1-羟基-3-氨基萘、1-羟基-2-氨基萘、1-氨基-7-羟基萘、2-羟基-7-氨基萘、2-羟基-6-氨基萘、2-羟基-5-氨基萘、2-羟基-4-氨基萘、2-羟基-3-氨基萘、1-氨基-2-羟基萘、1-羧基-8-氨基萘、1-羧基-7-氨基萘、1-羧基-6-氨基萘、1-羧基-5-氨基萘、1-羧基-4-氨基萘、1-羧基-3-氨基萘、1-羧基-2-氨基萘、1-氨基-7-羧基萘、2-羧基-7-氨基萘、2-羧基-6-氨基萘、2-羧基-5-氨基萘、2-羧基-4-氨基萘、2-羧基-3-氨基萘、1-氨基-2-羧基萘、2-氨基烟酸、4-氨基烟酸、5-氨基烟酸、6-氨基烟酸、4-氨基水杨酸、5-氨基水杨酸、6-氨基水杨酸、3-氨基-邻甲苯甲酸、アメライド、2-氨基苯甲酸、3-氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基苯甲酸、2-氨基苯磺酸、3-氨基苯磺酸、4-氨基苯磺酸な、5-氨基-8-巯基喹啉、4-氨基-8-巯基喹啉、1-巯基-8-氨基萘、1-巯基-7-氨基萘、1-巯基-6-氨基萘、1-巯基-5-氨基萘、1-巯基-4-氨基萘、1-巯基-3-氨基萘、1-巯基-2-氨基萘、1-氨基-7-巯基萘、2-巯基-7-氨基萘、2-巯基-6-氨基萘、2-巯基-5-氨基萘、2-巯基-4-氨基萘、2-巯基-3-氨基萘、1-氨基-2-巯基萘、3-氨基-4,6-二巯基嘧啶、2-氨基苯硫酚、3-氨基苯硫酚、4-氨基苯硫酚等。
这些酸酐、单羧酸、和单胺化合物等封端剂可以单独使用或组合使用2种以上。此外,可以并用这些之外的封端剂。
(a)的树脂中的上述封端剂的含量优选为构成羧酸残基和胺残基的成分单体的投料摩尔数的0.1~60摩尔%的范围、更优选为5~50摩尔%。通过设为这样的范围,能够得到涂布时的溶液的粘性适度、且具有优异的膜物性的树脂组合物。
与通常的缩聚反应相同,二胺与酸的投料比率(摩尔比)越接近1:1,则所生成的聚合物的聚合度越大,重均分子量增加。本发明中,(a)的树脂的重均分子量优选为10,000以上且150,000以下。重均分子量是通过GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)而测定、且以聚苯乙烯换算求出的值。GPC的测定条件如下所述。
1) 设备装置:Waters 2690
2) 柱:TOSOH CORPORATION,TSK-GEL(d-4000&d-2500)
3) 溶剂:NMP
4) 流速:0.4mL/min
5) 样品浓度:0.05~0.1wt%
6) 注入量:50μL
7) 温度:40℃
8) 检测器:Waters 996。
应予说明,用于换算的聚苯乙烯使用Polymer Laboratories公司的标准聚苯乙烯。
通过将(a)的树脂的重均分子量设为10,000以上,能够具有作为粘接剂充分的粘结性。另一方面,通过将(a)的树脂的重均分子量设为150,000以下,能够维持在溶剂中的高溶解性。为了得到具有上述的重均分子量的聚合物,二胺与酸的投料比率(摩尔比)优选为100:50~150。
作为上述缩聚反应中使用的溶剂,只要所生成的树脂溶解则没有特别限定,可以优选使用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-甲基己内酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、γ-丁内酯、二甲基咪唑啉等非质子性极性溶剂、苯酚、间甲酚、氯苯酚、硝基苯酚等酚系溶剂、向多磷酸、磷酸中添加五氧化二磷而得到的磷系溶剂等。
一般而言,在这些溶剂中,通过使酸酐或二羧酸二酯体与二胺或二异氰酸酯在150℃以上的温度下反应,得到聚酰亚胺聚合物。此外,为了促进反应,可以添加三乙基胺、吡啶等碱类作为催化剂。其后,通过投入水等中而使树脂析出,干燥,从而能够以固体形式得到聚合物。
((b)碱性化合物)
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物通过包含(b)碱性化合物,(a)的树脂中包含的酚性羟基、羧基或磺酸基与(b)碱性化合物形成盐,树脂组合物相对于水的溶解性和分散稳定性提高。
作为(b)碱性化合物,可以举出碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物;碳酸盐、有机胺类等。特别地,从进一步提高由树脂组合物制作的涂膜的强度和耐化学试剂性的观点出发,优选包含选自碱金属中的至少1种元素的化合物。
作为碱金属的氢氧化物的例子,可以举出氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铷和氢氧化铯等。可以含有这些中的2种以上。从提高树脂组合物相对于水的溶解性和分散稳定性的观点出发,优选氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾。
作为碱金属的碳酸盐的例子,可以举出碳酸锂、碳酸氢锂、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢铷、碳酸铯、碳酸氢铯和碳酸钠钾等。可以含有这些中的2种以上。从树脂组合物相对于水的溶解性和分散稳定性等观点出发,优选碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾和碳酸钠钾,更优选碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠。
作为有机胺类,可以举出三甲基胺、三乙基胺、三异丙基胺、三丁基胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺等脂肪族叔胺;吡啶、N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶、二甲基吡啶等芳族胺、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵等季铵盐等。可以使用这些中的2种以上。
上述之中,作为(b)碱性化合物,特别优选为碳酸钠和氢氧化钠。
树脂组合物中的(b)碱性化合物的含量相对于(a)的树脂中的酸性官能团100摩尔%,从能够充分溶解树脂的观点出发,优选为20摩尔%以上、更优选为50摩尔%以上。此外,从能够防止树脂的分解、制成涂膜时的裂纹产生的观点出发,优选为450摩尔%以下、更优选为400摩尔%以下、优选为300摩尔%以下、最优选为250摩尔%以下。
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物优选以15质量%的固体成分浓度溶解于水中时的pH为4~12。
如果偏离该范围,则树脂组合物含有后述的填料时的填料的分散性恶化,由树脂组合物制作的涂膜的厚度均匀性、强度和耐化学试剂性降低。从进一步提高上述特性的观点出发,树脂组合物的pH的优选的范围为5以上,此外为10以下。
针对pH的值,为将树脂组合物以浓度15质量%溶解于水中的值,所述树脂组合物包含(a)树脂和(b)碱性化合物,所述树脂包含聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之中的至少1种,在侧链上具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种酸性官能团,该酸性官能团的浓度为3.4摩尔/kg以上;或者为将从电池的构件中完全提取的树脂组合物以浓度15质量%溶解于水中的值,所述树脂组合物包含(a)树脂和(b)碱性化合物,所述树脂包含聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之中的至少1种,在侧链上具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种酸性官能团,该酸性官能团的浓度为3.4摩尔/kg以上。
((c)水)
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物包含(c)水作为溶剂。从水溶液的稳定性的观点出发,溶剂中的(c)水优选占树脂组合物中包含的溶剂之中的80质量%以上。更优选为90质量%以上、最优选为99质量%以上。
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物相对于(a)的树脂100质量份优选含有50~1,000,000质量份的(c)水。一般而言,从涂布性的观点出发,相对于(a)的树脂100质量份,在能够抑制凝胶化的方面,(c)水优选为50质量份以上、更优选为100质量份以上。此外,在能够抑制分解方面,相对于(a)的树脂100质量份,(c)水优选为100,000质量份以下、更优选为3,000质量份以下。
此外,本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物的粘度从作业性的观点出发,在25℃下优选为1mPa・s~100Pa・s的范围内。
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物优选pH为4~12。如果偏离该范围,则树脂组合物含有后述的填料时的填料的分散性恶化,由树脂组合物制作的涂膜的厚度均匀性、强度和耐化学试剂性降低。从进一步提高上述特性的观点出发,树脂组合物的pH的优选的范围为5以上,此外为10以下。
本发明中的pH是使用pH计(LAQUA F-71、堀场制作所制)而测定的值。pH的校正使用JIS Z 8802(2011)“pH测定方法”中规定之中下述5种标准液(pH2、4、7、9、12)进行。
○pH2标准液(草酸盐)
0.05mol/L 四草酸钾水溶液
○pH4标准液(邻苯二甲酸盐)
0.05mol/L 邻苯二甲酸氢钾水溶液
○pH7标准液(中性磷酸盐:下述2种水溶液的混合液)
0.025mol/L 磷酸二氢钾水溶液
0.025mol/L 磷酸氢二钠水溶液
○pH9标准液(硼酸盐)
0.01mol/L 四硼酸钠(硼砂)水溶液
○pH12标准液
饱和氢氧化钙水溶液。
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物从进一步提高涂布性的观点出发,可以含有表面活性剂等。此外,也可以含有乙醇、异丙醇等低级醇、乙二醇、丙二醇等多元醇之类的有机溶剂。树脂组合物中的有机溶剂的含量优选为树脂组合物总体的50质量%以下、更优选为10质量%以下。
制作本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物时的方法没有特别限制,在将规定量的碱性化合物溶解于水中后,一点点儿地溶解树脂粉末从安全性的观点出发是优选的。中和反应慢的情况下,可以在30~110℃左右的水浴、油浴中加温,也可以超声处理。溶解后,也可以进一步添加水、或浓缩,从而调整为规定的粘度。
((d)填料)
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物可以含有(d)填料。树脂组合物含有(d)填料,由此由树脂组合物制作的膜的机械强度、耐热性提高。进一步,作为(d)填料,通过使用导电性的颗粒、高折射填料或低折射填料,还能够将树脂组合物用于电子材料、光学材料。含有(d)填料的树脂组合物也可以为浆料状。
作为(d)填料的优选的例子,可以举出包含碳、锰、铝、钡、钴、镍、铁、硅、钛、锡和锗之中至少1种原子的化合物。这些化合物实现作为电极活性物质、强度补强材料、热传导物质或高介电常数物质的功能。因此,通过使本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物含有填料、制成浆料状,能够用作电子部件、二次电池、双电层电容器等功能构件用浆料。
作为二次电池、双电层电容器中的正极用的填料的例子,可以举出磷酸铁锂、钴酸锂、镍酸锂、锰酸锂、活性炭和碳纳米管等。
作为二次电池、双电层电容器中的负极用的填料的例子,可以举出硅、氧化硅、炭化硅、锡、氧化锡、锗、钛酸锂、硬碳、软碳、活性炭和碳纳米管等。特别地,将硅、锡、或锗用作活性物质的蓄电池在充电时活性物质的体积膨胀大,因此将(a)的树脂那样的机械强度高的树脂用作粘接剂在防止活性物质的微粉化方面是优选的。此外,填料为钛酸锂的情况下,能够得到速率特性优异的二次电池、双电层电容器。
作为负极用的填料的例子,特别优选为包含硅、氧化硅、钛酸锂、碳化硅、它们之中2种以上的混合体、它们之中1种或2种以上的混合体与碳的混合体、和它们之中1种或2种以上的混合体的表面进行了碳涂布而得到的物质之中至少1种的填料。这些活性物质因(a)的树脂而得到的粘结性特别强,能够得到容量维持率高的二次电池、双电层电容器。
本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物中的(d)填料的含量相对于(a)的树脂100质量份在能够提高由树脂组合物得到的膜的机械强度、耐热性方面优选为0.01质量份以上、更优选为0.1质量份以上。此外,在能够维持树脂组合物的涂膜强度方面,优选为100,000质量份以下、更优选为10,000质量份以下。
浆料能够通过例如向将树脂溶解或者分散在水或溶剂中而得到的物质中添加填料、根据需要的其他成分并均匀混合而得到。混合中,可以举出使用行星式混合机、自转公转式混合机、三辊磨、球磨机、机械搅拌机、薄膜旋转型混合机等的方法。
<层叠体>
本发明的实施方式所涉及的层叠体在基材的至少单面上具有由上述的树脂组合物制膜得到的层。该层叠体可以例如通过将树脂组合物在基材的单面或两面上涂布、干燥而得到。
作为基材,优选使用铜箔、铝箔、不锈钢箔等金属箔;硅基板、玻璃基板、塑料膜等。作为涂布方法,可以举出使用辊涂机、狭缝模头涂布机、棒涂机、逗点涂布机、旋涂机等的方法。干燥温度在完全去除水的方面优选为30℃以上、更优选为50℃以上。此外,从防止电极的裂纹的观点出发,优选为500℃以下、更优选为200℃以下。
此外,本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物在用作电极用浆料的情况中,可以含有乙炔黑、科琴黑、碳纳米管等导电助剂。通过含有导电助剂,能够提高充放电速率。导电助剂的含量在兼顾导电性和容量方面,相对于活性物质100质量份,优选为0.1~20质量份。
此外,本发明的实施方式所涉及的树脂组合物为了进行粘度调整,也可以含有羧基甲基纤维素的钠盐。其含量从在二次电池、双电层电容器中具有高容量维持率的观点出发,相对于活性物质100质量份,优选为50质量份以下。
将树脂组合物、或含有填料的树脂组合物在基材的至少单面上涂布和干燥、制膜,由此制成层叠体。作为基材,可以举出绝缘性基材、导电性基材等,在用作电子设备的情况下,优选为导电性基材或具有导电性的配线的绝缘基材。特别地,二次电池、双电层电容器的电极可以通过将含有电极活性物质作为填料的树脂组合物在铜箔、铝箔、不锈钢箔等集流体的单面或两面上涂布、干燥,从而得到。针对以这样的方式得到的正极和负极,隔着隔板而层叠多层,与电解液一起装入金属外壳等外装材料,密封,由此能够得到二次电池、双电层电容器之类的蓄电设备。
作为隔板的例子,可以举出利用聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃、纤维素、聚苯硫醚、芳族聚酰胺、或聚酰亚胺等原材料的微多孔膜、无纺布等。
作为电解液的溶剂,可以使用碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸亚乙烯基酯等碳酸酯系化合物;乙腈、环丁砜、γ-丁内酯等。也可以使用这些中的2种以上。
作为电解质的例子,可以举出六氟磷酸锂、氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂等锂盐、四乙基铵四氟硼酸盐、三乙基甲基铵四氟硼酸盐等铵盐等。
实施例
为了进一步详细说明本发明,以下举出实施例,但本发明不因这些实施例而受到任何限制。各实施例和比较例中的树脂的官能团浓度计算、重均分子量测定、水溶液的pH测定、水溶液稳定性、由使用它们得到的浆料制作的膜的特性评价、和电池特性评价通过以下的方法进行。
<官能团浓度计算方法>
按照上述“具体实施方式”项目中说明的算出方法,求出(a)的树脂中的重复单元中的酸性官能团的数量A和该重复单元的分子量B,将官能团浓度(摩尔/kg)作为A/B×1000而算出。
<树脂的重均分子量测定>
树脂A~N的分子量用GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)测定,以聚苯乙烯换算来计算重均分子量(Mw)。下文描述GPC测定条件。
1)设备装置:Waters 2690
2)柱:TOSOH CORPORATION,TSK-GEL(d-4000&d-2500)
3)溶剂:NMP
4)流速:0.4mL/min
5)样品浓度:0.05~0.1wt%
6)注入量:50μL
7)温度:40℃
8)检测器:Waters 996。
应予说明,用于换算的聚苯乙烯使用Polymer Laboratories公司的标准聚苯乙烯。
<水溶液的pH测定>
少量采集水溶液1~21,用pH计(LAQUA F-71、堀场制作所制)测定水溶液的pH。pH的校正使用JIS Z 8802(2011)“pH测定方法”中规定之中下述5种标准液(pH2、4、7、9、12)进行。
○pH2标准液(草酸盐)
0.05mol/L 四草酸钾水溶液
○pH4标准液(邻苯二甲酸盐)
0.05mol/L 邻苯二甲酸氢钾水溶液
○pH7标准液(中性磷酸盐:下述2种水溶液的混合液)
0.025mol/L 磷酸二氢钾水溶液
0.025mol/L 磷酸氢二钠水溶液
○pH9标准液(硼酸盐)
0.01mol/L 四硼酸钠(硼砂)水溶液
○pH12标准液
饱和氢氧化钙水溶液。
<水溶液的稳定性评价>
分别将水溶液1~21在室温下放置1个月和3个月、以及在冷藏下放置1周和1个月后,目视观察,确认水溶液的稳定性。析出、凝胶化均未确认到的记作好,存在任一变化的记载发生的变化。在室温下放置1个月为好的记作合格,在室温下放置1个月存在任一变化的记作不合格。
<膜的特性评价(分散性、粘结性的评价)>
为了观察填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性,进行具有填料的树脂组合物的膜特性评价。如果填料的分散性、作为粘接剂的粘结性差,则引起因填料的凝集而导致的膜厚的均匀性的恶化,或者膜中产生裂纹。
将合成例19中得到的锂离子电池用负极活性物质80质量份、水溶液1~21(固体成分浓度15质量%)100质量份、作为导电助剂的乙炔黑5质量份、和水15质量份混合分散,得到固体成分50质量%的浆料。
将该浆料在铝箔上用棒涂机以热处理后的膜厚的平均值达到25μm的方式调整厚度,以宽度10cm进行涂布。涂布后,在50℃下干燥30分钟,其后用30分钟升温至150℃,在150℃下进行1小时热处理后,冷却至50℃以下。冷却后,目视观察膜,确认裂纹的有无。无裂纹记作“好”,能够确认裂纹记作“不好”。
此外,涂布宽度之中,在从两端起靠内侧5mm的区域中,在宽度方向上等间隔地选择10处,用测微计测定热处理后的膜厚。测定值的最大值、最小值之中,与平均值(25μm)之差更大的值记作T1时,膜厚的偏差T2用
T2=(T1-25)/25*100(%)
算出,定义为±T2%。偏差处于-30%至+30%的范围内(但正好为±30%的情况除外)记作合格,处于前述范围外的记作不合格。
进一步,将该膜裁切为5张直径16mm的圆形,浸渍在将碳酸二乙酯与碳酸亚乙酯以重量比计各50%混合得到的溶液中,在40℃下放置24h、1周。放置后,将膜从溶液中取出并水洗,在50℃下干燥1小时后,目视观察,确认膜的溶解的有无、裂纹的有无。确认到膜的溶解的记作“溶解”,产生裂纹的记作“不好”,无膜的溶解也无裂纹的记作“好”。
进一步通过与上述相同的方法制作以热处理后的膜厚的平均值达到50μm的方式调整厚度而得到的膜,裁切为5张直径16mm的圆形,浸渍在将碳酸二乙酯与碳酸亚乙酯以重量比计各50%混合得到的溶液中,在40℃下放置1周。放置后,将膜从溶液中取出并水洗,在50℃下干燥1小时后,目视观察,确认膜的溶解的有无、裂纹的有无。确认到膜的溶解的记作“溶解”,产生裂纹的记作“不好”,无膜的溶解也无裂纹的记作“好”。
<电池特性评价>
(1)负极的制作
使用<膜的特性评价(分散性、粘结性的评价)>中制作的固体成分50%的浆料,在电解铜箔上,使用棒涂机,以150℃下的热处理后的膜厚达到25μm的方式调整厚度而涂布,涂布后,在110℃下干燥30分钟。干燥后,将涂布部分冲裁为直径16mm的圆形,在150℃下进行24小时的真空干燥,制成负极。
(2)电池特性评价
在测定充放电特性后,使用HS电池单元(宝泉(株)制),在氮气氛围下进行锂离子电池的组装。隔板使用将聚乙烯多孔膜(宝泉(株)制)冲裁为直径24mm而得到的膜。正极使用将钴酸锂制的活性物质在铝箔上煅烧(宝泉(株)制)并冲裁为直径16mm而得到的膜。按顺序层叠负极、隔板和正极,作为电解液,注入MIRET1(三井化学(株)制)1mL后,密封,得到锂离子电池。
对以上述方式制作的锂离子电池,进行充放电。充放电在6mA的恒定电流下充电至电池电压达到4.2V,进一步以4.2V的恒定电压充电至从充电开始起算达到总计2小时30分钟后,休止30分钟,以6mA的恒定电流放电至电池电压达到2.7V,将上述记作1个循环。其后,在相同的条件下反复进行49次充放电,针对总计50个循环,测定各循环的充电容量和放电容量。并且,按照以下的式,算出容量维持率。
容量维持率(%)=(第50个循环的放电容量/第1个循环的放电容量)×100。
合成例1:树脂A的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使3,3'-二羧基-4,4'-亚甲基双(环己基胺)(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为CMCHA)29.84g(100mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,添加3,3',4,4'-二苯基醚四羧酸二酸酐(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为ODPA)31.02g(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在40℃下进行1小时聚合反应,接着在蒸馏去除反应中产生的水的同时,在200℃下进行6小时聚合反应。反应结束后降温至室温,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂A的固体。树脂A的重均分子量为30000。
合成例2:树脂B的合成
使用CMCHA20.89g(70mmol)和3,3'-二羧基-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(和歌山精化工业(株)制、商品名“MBAA”)8.59g(30mmol)替代CMCHA29.84g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例1相同的方式得到树脂B的固体。树脂B的重均分子量为32000。
合成例3:树脂C的合成
使用MBAA28.63g(100mmol)替代CMCHA29.84g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例1相同的方式得到树脂C的固体。树脂C的重均分子量为35000。
合成例4:树脂D的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使MBAA28.63g(100mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,添加1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-5(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)萘并[1,2-c]呋喃-1,3-二酮(新日本理化(株)制、商品名“リカシッドTDA-100”)30.00g(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在40℃下进行1小时聚合反应,接着在蒸馏去除反应中产生的水的同时,在200℃下进行6小时聚合反应。反应结束后降温至室温,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂D的固体。树脂D的重均分子量为18000。
合成例5:树脂E的合成
使用双环[2,2,2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四甲酸二酸酐(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为BOE)24.82g(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂E的固体。树脂E的重均分子量为15000。
合成例6:树脂F的合成
使用3-(羧基甲基)-1,2,4-环戊烷三甲酸1,4:2,3-二酸酐(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为JPDA)22.42g(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂F的固体。树脂F的重均分子量为20000。
合成例7:树脂G的合成
使用均苯四甲酸二酸酐(ダイセル工业(株)制、商品名“PMDA”)21.81g(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂G的固体。树脂G的重均分子量为28000。
合成例8:树脂H的合成
使用1,2,3,4-环戊烷四甲酸二酸酐(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为CPDA)21.01g(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂H的固体。树脂H的重均分子量为16000。
合成例9:树脂I的合成
使用1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酸酐(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为CBDA)19.61g(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂I的固体。树脂I的重均分子量为25000。
合成例10:树脂J的合成
使用1,2,3,4-丁烷四甲酸二酸酐((株)ワコーケミカル制、以下称为BTA)19.81g(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂J的固体。树脂J的重均分子量为35000。
合成例11:树脂K的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使MBAA26.63g(93mmol)、APDS0.75g(3mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,添加BTA19.81g(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在40℃下进行1h反应,接着添加4-氨基苯甲酸(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为4ABA)1.10g(8mmol),进一步在40℃下进行1h反应。接着,在蒸馏去除反应中产生的水的同时,在200℃下进行6h聚合反应。反应结束后降温至室温,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂K的固体。树脂K的重均分子量为30000。
合成例12:树脂L的合成
使用2,2-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为6FDA)44.42(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂L的固体。树脂L的重均分子量为65000。
合成例13:树脂M的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使3,5-二氨基苯甲酸(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为DAB)14.44g(95mmol)、1,3-双-3-氨基丙基四甲基二硅氧烷(东レダウコーニングシリコーン(株)制、商品名“APDS”)1.24g(5mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,添加ODPA31.02g(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在40℃下进行1h聚合反应,接着在蒸馏去除反应中产生的水的同时,在200℃下进行6h聚合反应。反应结束后降温至室温,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂M的固体。树脂M的重均分子量为48000。
合成例14:树脂N的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使MBAA28.63g(100mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,将溶液的温度保持为10℃以下,同时添加间苯二甲酰氯(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为IPC)20.30(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在10℃以下进行1小时、接着在23℃下进行6小时聚合反应。反应结束后,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂N的固体。树脂N的重均分子量为30000。
合成例1~14的树脂的组成、分子量、官能团浓度示于表1。
合成例15:树脂O的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使MBAA27.20g(95mmol)、对苯二胺(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为PDA)0.54g(5mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,添加BTA19.81g(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在40℃下进行2h反应。接着,在蒸馏去除反应中产生的水的同时,在200℃下进行6h聚合反应。反应结束后降温至室温,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂O的固体。树脂O的重均分子量为35000。
合成例16:树脂P的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使MBAA27.20g(95mmol)、PDA0.43g(4mmol)、2,2'-氧双(乙基胺)(东京化成工业(株)制、以下称为OBEA)0.10g(1mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,添加BTA19.81g(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在40℃下进行2h反应。接着,在蒸馏去除反应中产生的水的同时,在200℃下进行6h聚合反应。反应结束后降温至室温,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂P的固体。树脂P的重均分子量为35000。
合成例17:树脂Q的合成
在充分干燥的四口烧瓶之中,在NMP131.79g中使MBAA27.20g(95mmol)、PDA0.32g(3mmol)、OBEA0.10g(1mmol)在氮气氛围下在搅拌的同时在室温下溶解。其后,添加BTA19.81g(100mmol)、NMP15.00g,在40℃下进行1h反应,接着添加4ABA0.28g(2mmol),进一步在40℃下进行1h反应。接着,在蒸馏去除反应中产生的水的同时,在200℃下进行6h聚合反应。反应结束后降温至室温,将该溶液投入水3L中,滤取所得沉淀,用水1.5L洗涤3次。使洗涤后的固体在50℃的通风烘箱中干燥3天,得到树脂Q的固体。树脂Q的重均分子量为30000。
合成例18:树脂R的合成
使用5-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐(DIC(株)制、商品名“EPICLON B-4400”)26.42g(100mmol)替代TDA-100 30.00g(100mmol),除此之外,以与合成例4相同的方式得到树脂R的固体。树脂R的重均分子量为20000。
[表1]
合成例19:锂离子电池用负极活性物质的合成
将粒径约10μm的天然石墨50g(富士黑铅(株)制、CBF1)、纳米硅粉末60g(アルドリッチ公司制)、和炭黑10g(三菱化学(株)制、3050)混合,在球磨机中以600转充分分散12小时,其后,在80℃下真空干燥12小时,得到硅-碳的混合负极活性物质。
水溶液1~21
如表1记载那样,将树脂、碱性化合物和水混合,制备固体成分浓度15质量%的水溶液。水溶液1~21的各组成、和水溶液的pH值示于表2。
[表2]
实施例1~17、比较例1~4
评价表2记载的水溶液的稳定性、和使用由这些水溶液制作的浆料而得到的膜的膜特性。评价结果示于表3。
[表3]
。
实施例18~26、比较例5~7
评价使用由表2记载的水溶液制作的浆料而得到的膜的电池特性。评价结果示于表4。
[表4]
。
比较例8
将合成例15中得到的锂离子电池用负极活性物质80质量份、聚偏二氟乙烯(キシダ化学制、以下称为PVdF)15质量份、作为导电助剂的乙炔黑5质量份、和NMP100质量份混合分散,得到固体成分50质量%的浆料。使用该浆料进行的电池特性评价结果示于表4。
Claims (21)
1.树脂组合物,其包含(a)树脂和(b)碱性化合物;所述树脂包含聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚苯并噁唑之中的至少1种,在侧链上具有酚性羟基、羧基和磺酸基之中的至少1种酸性官能团,该酸性官能团的浓度为3.4摩尔/kg以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的树脂组合物,其中,以15质量%的固体成分浓度溶解于水中时的pH为4~12。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的树脂组合物,其还包含(c)水,pH为4~12。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的树脂组合物,其中,在前述(a)的树脂中包含的通式(1)所示的结构的总数中,包含20摩尔%以上的R1为具有芳族骨架的结构。
9.根据权利要求4~8中任一项所述的树脂组合物,其中,进一步在通式(1)中,R1的0.1~10摩尔%是下述通式(6),
[化7]
R24表示氢或甲基;p和q各自独立地表示0以上整数,1<p+q<20。
11.根据权利要求1~10中任一项所述的树脂组合物,其中,前述(b)碱性化合物的含量相对于前述(a)的树脂的前述酸性官能团100摩尔%为20~450摩尔%。
12.根据权利要求1~11中任一项所述的树脂组合物,其中,前述(b)碱性化合物包含选自碱金属中的至少1种元素。
13.根据权利要求3所述的树脂组合物,其中,前述(c)水占树脂组合物中包含的溶剂之中的80质量%以上。
14.根据权利要求1~12中任一项所述的树脂组合物,其还含有(d)填料。
15.根据权利要求14所述的树脂组合物,其中,前述(d)填料包含碳、锰、铝、钡、钴、镍、铁、硅、钛、锡和锗之中的至少1种原子。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的树脂组合物,其中,前述(d)填料包含下述中的至少一种:硅、氧化硅、钛酸锂、碳化硅、它们之中的2种以上的混合体、它们之中的1种或2种以上的混合体与碳的混合体、和它们之中的1种或2种以上的混合体的表面被碳涂布而得到的物质。
17.层叠体,其中,在基材的至少单面上具有由权利要求1~16中任一项所述的树脂组合物制膜得到的层。
18.层叠体的制造方法,其包括:将权利要求1~16中任一项所述的树脂组合物涂布在基材的单面或两面上而形成涂布膜的步骤、和将前述涂布膜干燥的步骤。
19.电极,其包含权利要求17所述的层叠体。
20.二次电池,其包含权利要求19所述的电极。
21.双电层电容器,其包含权利要求19所述的电极。
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US12107297B2 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2024-10-01 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Composition for coating layer including heat-resistant binder, hydroxy-containing polyimide particle, and silane crosslinker, separator for rechargeable lithium battery including coating layer formed therefrom and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
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