CN110720369A - Cultivation management method for increasing yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum - Google Patents
Cultivation management method for increasing yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110720369A CN110720369A CN201911138150.8A CN201911138150A CN110720369A CN 110720369 A CN110720369 A CN 110720369A CN 201911138150 A CN201911138150 A CN 201911138150A CN 110720369 A CN110720369 A CN 110720369A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation management method for improving the yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum, which controls the flowering of the platycodon grandiflorum at the early stage and delays the flowering phase, so that the nutrition is concentrated to the root, the development and growth of the root are promoted, and the yield is improved; since the vigorous growth period of the vegetative growth is passed, the environment is not suitable, the flowering quantity is small, then appropriate measures are adopted to promote the concentrated flowering, and then appropriate flower removing measures are adopted, the flower removing time can be reduced due to the concentrated flowering period, so that the time and the labor cost are greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of platycodon grandiflorum cultivation management, and particularly relates to a cultivation management method for improving the yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum.
Background
Platycodon grandiflorum, also known as panicled fameflower root and small bell flower, is a perennial herb of the genus Platycodon, family Campanulaceae. The platycodon grandiflorum is a medicine and food dual-purpose variety, takes underground rhizomes as medicines, and has the effects of freeing lung, relieving sore throat, eliminating phlegm and expelling pus. Can be used for treating cough with excessive phlegm, sore throat, hoarseness, cough with purulent blood, etc. Health food such as platycodon grandiflorum dish, platycodon grandiflorum stem and platycodon grandiflorum preserved fruit processed by platycodon grandiflorum is delicious and tasty, has medical and health care effects, and is popular with people. Because the platycodon grandiflorum has higher edible, medicinal and economic values, the artificial planting of the platycodon grandiflorum is more and more favored by growers.
The organs of the plant are divided into vegetative organs and reproductive organs, and according to the growth rule of the plant: most of nutrients absorbed by the root system before the flowering period are transported to root, stem and leaf vegetative organs to promote vegetative growth of plants; most nutrients in the flower and fruit period are transported to reproductive organs to promote the reproductive growth of plants. The part of the platycodon grandiflorum entering the medicine is the root, namely the vegetative organ of the plant. Therefore, the nutrients of the platycodon grandiflorum are easy to lose to the flower bud part in the flower and fruit period, and the full development of roots is not facilitated.
At present, the conventional method for improving the yield of platycodon grandiflorum is to pick buds and top, so that the nutrient consumption can be reduced, and concentrated nutrition is supplied for the growth of underground roots, thereby being an effective measure for increasing the yield. The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN110073909A adopts a method combining spraying DA-6 on leaves in the bud period (bud-bearing and flower-opening period) and bud-contusion and topping to promote the yield increase, and has obvious beneficial effects to a certain extent, but the method has the problems that the yield is not controlled in the vegetative growth period, the flower period is earlier, the flower amount is more, the flower period is inconsistent, the concentrated treatment is troublesome, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation management method for improving the yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation management method for improving yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum comprises the following steps:
(1) building a rain shelter in a sandy loam place which has sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matters;
(2) deeply turning over a soil layer by 30-40cm before planting, drying the soil for 1-2 days, then applying 2000-2200kg of base fertilizer per mu, opening a box with the width of 160cm and the width of a ditch by 32 cm;
(3) adjusting the water content of the soil on the compartment surface to 70-75%, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to 65-70%, and digging holes on the compartment surface for sowing;
(4) 30-40 days after sowing, applying the quick-acting fertilizer once more, wherein the quick-acting fertilizer can be sprayed on leaf surfaces or watered, the specific application amount can be determined according to the ordinary fertilization experience, the fertilizing amount per mu is 60-100kg, the black plastic film is used for shading treatment at 10-14 points in the daytime every day when the average temperature is higher than 18 ℃ on day, and the black plastic film is used for shading treatment at 10-16 points in the daytime every day when the average temperature is higher than 25 ℃; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the treatment time lasts 20-30 days.
On the basis, in order to further improve the effect, more preferably, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 500 times is applied again 75-80 days after sowing; fertilizing amount per mu is 60-100kg, and mepiquat chloride with concentration of 0.05-0.1mg/L is sprayed once to promote centralized flowering;
in order to promote reproductive growth in the later stage and realize concentrated flowering, more preferably, after the reproductive growth stage (from flower bud differentiation), the air humidity is controlled to be 40-50%, the ambient temperature is controlled to be 15-24 ℃, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.03-0.05%.
Furthermore, DA-6 with the concentration of 3-8mg/L can be sprayed once on the 2 nd-3 rd day after the reproductive growth period; in the bud stage, the bud is centrally taken and topped, and various measures are combined, so that the effect is better.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps of treating platycodon grandiflorum seeds before sowing: soaking in 0.2-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 14-20 hr.
In addition, the method for removing the flower buds can also comprise the following steps: when buds grow on branches of the platycodon grandiflorum, the buds are sprayed by ethephon with the concentration of 0.08% -0.095%, and the pesticide liquid is 80-95kg per mu. All methods for removing buds can be used in the prior art.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the whole idea of the invention is to control the flowering of the platycodon grandiflorum at the early stage, delay the flowering phase, concentrate the nutrition to the root and promote the development and growth of the root; since the vigorous growth period of the vegetative growth is passed, the environment is not suitable, the flowering quantity is small, then appropriate measures are adopted to promote the concentrated flowering, and then appropriate flower removing measures are adopted, the flower removing time can be reduced due to the concentrated flowering period, so that the time and the labor cost are greatly saved.
2. In the period of vigorous vegetative growth of platycodon grandiflorum, by applying quick-acting fertilizers, according to the growth characteristics of the platycodon grandiflorum, shading treatment is carried out by using a black plastic film at 10-14 points of the day after the average temperature of the day is higher than 18 ℃ and shading treatment is carried out by using a black plastic film at 10-16 points of the day after the average temperature of the day is higher than 25 ℃; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the method with the treatment time lasting for 20-30 days can effectively inhibit the flowering of the platycodon grandiflorum, delay the flowering phase, concentrate the nutrition to the root and improve the yield of the root.
3. In the later period of vegetative growth (75-80 days after sowing), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 500 times is applied once to promote the fertilizer to flower intensively; and spraying mepiquat chloride with the concentration of 0.05-0.1mg/L once to promote reproductive growth and further promote concentrated flowering, and even if the flowering is promoted, because the flowering time is promoted by the previous measures, the optimal environment for flowering is passed, and the flowering amount is greatly reduced compared with that of conventional management, the main purpose of the step is to promote concentrated flowering and bring convenience for concentrated bud removal.
4. The air humidity is controlled to be 40-50% in the reproductive growth period, the environmental temperature is 15-24 ℃, the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.03-0.05%, the reproductive growth can be effectively promoted, the aim is to intensively bloom, in addition, the bud topping is combined by spraying DA-6, so that the buds can be quickly and effectively removed, and the cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Example 1
A cultivation management method for improving yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting soil and building a rain shelter: building a rain shelter in a sandy loam place which has sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matters;
(2) deep ploughing and box opening: deeply turning over a soil layer by 30-40cm before planting, drying the soil for 1-2 days, then applying 2000-2200kg of base fertilizer per mu, opening a box with the width of 160cm and the width of a ditch by 32 cm;
(3) sowing: treating platycodon grandiflorum seeds before sowing, and soaking the platycodon grandiflorum seeds in 0.2-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 14-20 hours; adjusting the water content of the soil on the compartment surface to 70-75%, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to 65-70%, and digging holes on the compartment surface for sowing;
(4) on 30 days after sowing, applying a quick-acting fertilizer once more, adopting a form of foliage spraying, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 60kg, shading treatment is carried out by using a black plastic film at 10-14 points in the daytime every day when the average temperature is higher than 18 ℃ on the day, and shading treatment is carried out by using the black plastic film at 10-16 points in the daytime every day when the average temperature is higher than 25 ℃; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the treatment time lasts for 20-30 days; can effectively delay the flowering time.
Other field management, including pest control, etc., is the same as the conventional technology.
Example 2
A cultivation management method for improving yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting soil and building a rain shelter: building a rain shelter in a sandy loam place which has sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matters;
(2) deep ploughing and box opening: deeply turning over a soil layer by 30-40cm before planting, drying the soil for 1-2 days, then applying 2000-2200kg of base fertilizer per mu, opening a box with the width of 160cm and the width of a ditch by 32 cm;
(3) sowing: treating platycodon grandiflorum seeds before sowing, and soaking the platycodon grandiflorum seeds in 0.2-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 14-20 hours; adjusting the water content of the soil on the compartment surface to 70-75%, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to 65-70%, and digging holes on the compartment surface for sowing;
(4) and (3) flowering is delayed in vegetative growth period: on the 35 th day after sowing, applying a quick-acting fertilizer once more, adopting a form of watering fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 100kg, shading treatment is carried out by using a black plastic film at 10-14 points in the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 18 ℃ on the day, and shading treatment is carried out by using the black plastic film at 10-16 points in the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 25 ℃; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the treatment time lasts for 20-30 days; can effectively delay the flowering time.
(5) In the later period of vegetative growth, namely 75 days after sowing, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 500 times is applied once, and the dosage per mu is 70 kg; spraying mepiquat chloride with the concentration of 0.05-0.1mg/L for one time; promote the centralized flowering.
Other field management, including pest control, etc., is the same as the conventional technology.
Example 3
A cultivation management method for improving yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting soil and building a rain shelter: building a rain shelter in a sandy loam place which has sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matters;
(2) deep ploughing and box opening: deeply turning over a soil layer by 30-40cm before planting, drying the soil for 1-2 days, then applying 2000-2200kg of base fertilizer per mu, opening a box with the width of 160cm and the width of a ditch by 32 cm;
(3) sowing: treating platycodon grandiflorum seeds before sowing, and soaking the platycodon grandiflorum seeds in 0.2-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 14-20 hours; adjusting the water content of the soil on the compartment surface to 70-75%, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to 65-70%, and digging holes on the compartment surface for sowing;
(4) and (3) flowering is delayed in vegetative growth period: on the 40 th day after sowing, applying a quick-acting fertilizer once more, adopting a form of watering fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 80kg, shading treatment is carried out by using a black plastic film at 10-14 points in the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 18 ℃ on the day, and shading treatment is carried out by using the black plastic film at 10-16 points in the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 25 ℃; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the treatment time lasts for 20-30 days; can effectively delay the flowering time.
(5) In the later period of vegetative growth, on 80 days after sowing, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 500 times for one time; fertilizing amount per mu is 60kg, and mepiquat chloride with concentration of 0.05-0.1mg/L is sprayed once; promoting centralized flowering;
(6) after the reproductive growth period, the air humidity is controlled to be 40-50%, the ambient temperature is 15-24 ℃, the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.03-0.05%, and the reproductive growth can be effectively promoted.
Other field management, including pest control, etc., is the same as the conventional technology.
By comparison, the yield per mu of platycodon grandiflorum (fresh weight measured during the test) in example 3 is improved by about 3% compared with example 2.
Example 4
A cultivation management method for improving yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting soil and building a rain shelter: building a rain shelter in a sandy loam place which has sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matters;
(2) deep ploughing and box opening: deeply turning over a soil layer by 30-40cm before planting, drying the soil for 1-2 days, then applying 2000-2200kg of base fertilizer per mu, opening a box with the width of 160cm and the width of a ditch by 32 cm;
(3) sowing: treating platycodon grandiflorum seeds before sowing, and soaking the platycodon grandiflorum seeds in 0.2-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 14-20 hours; adjusting the water content of the soil on the compartment surface to 70-75%, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to 65-70%, and digging holes on the compartment surface for sowing;
(4) and (3) flowering is delayed in vegetative growth period: on the 33 th day after sowing, applying a quick-acting fertilizer once more, adopting a form of watering fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 70kg, shading treatment is carried out by using a black plastic film at 10-14 points in the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 18 ℃ on the day, and shading treatment is carried out by using the black plastic film at 10-16 points in the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 25 ℃; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the treatment time lasts for 20-30 days; can effectively delay the flowering time.
(5) In the later period of vegetative growth, namely 78 days after sowing, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 500 times is applied once; fertilizing amount per mu is 70kg, and mepiquat chloride with concentration of 0.05-0.1mg/L is sprayed once; promoting centralized flowering;
(6) after the reproductive growth period, controlling the air humidity to be 40-50%, the ambient temperature to be 15-24 ℃ and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 0.03-0.05%, and effectively promoting the reproductive growth;
(7) spraying DA-6 with the concentration of 3-8mg/L for 2-3 days after the reproductive growth period; in bud stage, when bud grows from branch of radix Platycodi, flos Lonicerae is sprayed with ethephon with concentration of 0.08% -0.095%, and the dosage per mu is 80-95 kg.
Other field management, including pest control, etc., is the same as the conventional technology.
In order to obtain the best implementation effect, the applicant carries out field experiments from 2015 to 2018 in a platycodon grandiflorum planting base, and compares the field experiments with other methods, wherein the specific experiments are as follows:
test 1 Effect of quick-acting Fertilizer applied in vegetative growth period on flowering time
Example 1: on 30 days after sowing, applying a quick-acting fertilizer once (N: P: K is 1: 1);
comparison 1: stopping applying the quick-acting fertilizer after sowing; the rest of the method is the same.
By comparison, example 1 showed a 5-day delay in flowering time compared to comparative 1.
Experiment 2 influence of black plastic film shading treatment on flowering time
Example 2: shading with black plastic film at 10-14 points of the day when the average temperature is higher than 18 deg.C, and shading with black plastic film at 10-16 points of the day when the average temperature is higher than 25 deg.C; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the treatment time lasts 25 days;
comparison 2: the light-shielding treatment was not performed, and the other methods were the same.
By comparison, the flowering time was delayed by 8 days in example 2 compared to comparative 2.
Test 3
Example 3: the method of example 1 was employed;
comparison 3: after entering the vegetative growth period, stopping applying the quick-acting fertilizer in the previous period; the rest of the method is the same.
Then, the flowering time and root biomass of platycodon grandiflorum were compared, wherein the fresh weight and the dry weight were averaged for 30 platycodon grandiflorum plants, respectively, and the comparison results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of flowering time and root biomass of Platycodon grandiflorum for different treatments
As can be seen from Table 1, in example 3, the application of the quick-acting fertilizer at the early or middle stage of the vegetative growth period and the use of the light-shielding treatment at the vigorous growth stage of the vegetative growth period effectively delayed the flowering time (flowering initiation time: time at which the flowers of Platycodon grandiflorum begin to flower) by 14 days, it was found that the delayed flowering is advantageous for the accumulation of nutrients at the roots, the yield increased by 31.97% from the fresh weight of the roots of the individual plant and by 33.89% from the dry weight of the roots of the individual plant, both of which were increased in magnitude.
Experiment 4
Example 4: the procedure is as in example 2.
Comparison 4: step (5) in example 2 was omitted, and the rest of the method was the same.
The comparison of the two shows that 50-90% bud period (when more than 50% of buds begin, 90% of buds begin) is compared, and the comparison method is adopted because the buds are easier to process and convenient to process intensively in the period. The flowering time of example 4 is concentrated in 8 months and 25-30 days, while the full-bloom period of comparison 4 is 8 months and 23-9 months and 10 days, and the flowering period is longer, compared with the flowering period of example 4, the flowering period is concentrated, the flowering control time in the actual operation process is short, and labor and time cost are saved.
Test 5
Example 5 was carried out according to the procedure of example 4.
Comparison No. 5: steps (4) - (6) are omitted. The other experimental conditions were the same. The comparative results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 comparison of different treatments
As can be seen from Table 2, the flowering time of the platycodon grandiflorum is delayed by 17 days compared with that of comparative example 5, so that the platycodon grandiflorum passes the vigorous growth period of vegetative growth, and the environment is not suitable, and as a result, the flowering amount of the platycodon grandiflorum is less, and is reduced by about 40% compared with that of comparative example 5, so that the bud removing cost in the later period can be reduced, and the bud period of the platycodon grandiflorum is concentrated, so that buds can be removed easily and intensively, and the time is saved. And from the biomass, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the single plant root are greatly increased compared with those of the comparison 5, so that the method has high popularization value.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation management method for improving yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building a rain shelter in a sandy loam place which has sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matters;
(2) deeply turning over a soil layer by 30-40cm before planting, drying the soil for 1-2 days, then applying 2000-2200kg of base fertilizer per mu, opening a box with the width of 160cm and the width of a ditch by 32 cm;
(3) adjusting the water content of the soil on the compartment surface to 70-75%, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to 65-70%, and digging holes on the compartment surface for sowing;
(4) applying a quick-acting fertilizer 30-40 days after sowing, shading with a black plastic film at 10-14 points of the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 18 ℃, and shading with a black plastic film at 10-16 points of the day every day when the average temperature is higher than 25 ℃; and controlling the temperature in the shed to be not higher than 28 ℃; the treatment time lasts 20-30 days.
2. The cultivation and management method for increasing the yield of the medicinal platycodon grandiflorum according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 500 times is applied once 75-80 days after sowing; and spraying mepiquat chloride with the concentration of 0.05-0.1mg/L once.
3. The cultivation and management method for improving the yield of the medicinal platycodon grandiflorum according to claim 1, further comprising controlling the air humidity to be 40-50%, the ambient temperature to be 15-24 ℃ and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 0.03-0.05% after the reproductive growth period.
4. The cultivation and management method for increasing the yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum according to claim 1, further comprising spraying DA-6 with a concentration of 3-8mg/L once on days 2-3 after the reproductive growth period.
5. The cultivation and management method for increasing yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps of treating platycodon grandiflorum seeds before sowing: soaking in 0.2-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 14-20 hr.
6. The cultivation and management method for increasing yield of medicinal platycodon grandiflorum according to claim 1, wherein the method for removing buds further comprises: when buds grow on branches of the platycodon grandiflorum, the buds are sprayed by ethephon with the concentration of 0.08% -0.095%, and the pesticide liquid is 80-95kg per mu.
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