CN110710662A - 一种富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺 - Google Patents
一种富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/21—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/34—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using microwaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺,通过原料预处理、微波热处理、抽滤、冷冻干燥、粉碎过筛、密封包装等步骤制得番茄粉。本发明通过特殊的加工工艺处理新鲜番茄,得到的番茄粉不仅易储藏、易运输、提高货架期、颜色鲜红、即食即用、口感细腻顺滑,而且产品顺式番茄红素相对含量由10%提升至28.52%,较大限度的保留总番茄红素含量,水分含量低于5%,易于人体消化,能够最大限度的保持番茄原有的风味和营养物质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域,具体涉及一种富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺。
背景技术
番茄是茄科番茄属一年生或多年生草本植物,也是仅次于马铃薯的世界第二重要蔬菜作物。它富含维生素A、维生素C、维生素B1,维生素B2以及胡萝卜素和钙、磷、钾、镁、铁、锌、铜和碘等多种元素,还含有蛋白质、糖类、有机酸、纤维素。调查研究表明,番茄具有生津止渴、健胃消食、清热消暑、补肾利尿、显著止血、降压和降低胆固醇等作用,对治疗血友病和癞皮病有特殊功效。但是,番茄中因其含有大量的水分,易于腐败、保存期较短,造成资源的浪费及环境的污染。针对这一问题,番茄深加工尤为重要。目前市场上售卖的番茄深加工产品主要是番茄酱、番茄汁、番茄汤及番茄粉等产品,其中干制番茄粉具有水分含量低、包装简洁、运输方便、货架期长等优点,市场前景广阔。
番茄粉的加工工艺对其营养成分会产生不同程度的影响,如何在加工过程中最大限度的保持番茄原有的营养成分至关重要。其中,番茄红素是成熟番茄、番茄制品的主要色素和重要营养成分,具有多种生物活性,可有效地降低或抑制多种疾病的风险,如消化道癌、前列腺癌和冠心病等。但是,番茄红素由11个共扼双键及2个非共扼双键组成,稳定性较差,在一定条件下可发生顺反异构化和氧化降解。植物中所含的番茄红素结构是以反式构型存在为主,而动物体内的番茄红素则以顺式构型为主,而且与全反式番茄红素相比,顺式番茄红素具有较强的抗氧化性、更易于被人体所吸收。因此,番茄粉加工过程中尽可能保留番茄红素含量,尤其是含有相对较高的顺式番茄红素具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺。本发明通过特殊的加工工艺处理新鲜番茄,得到的番茄粉不仅易储藏、易运输、提高货架期、颜色鲜红、即食即用、口感细腻顺滑,而且产品顺式番茄红素相对含量由10%提升至28.52%,较大限度的保留总番茄红素含量,水分含量低于5%,易于人体消化,能够最大限度的保持番茄原有的风味和营养物质。
本发明富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:原料预处理
挑选颜色鲜红、总番茄红素含量>3‰的新鲜番茄,清洗、去蒂、切成大小均一的块状;去蒂时要在去除干净的条件下尽量不去除番茄果肉。
步骤2:微波热处理
将步骤1得到的番茄块置于榨汁机中榨汁,然后微波加热;
步骤3:抽滤
将步骤2获得的番茄汁抽滤,收集滤渣;
步骤4:冷冻干燥
将步骤3得到的产品先在-80℃速冻2h,然后置于冷冻干燥箱中-50℃下冷冻干燥13h;
步骤5:粉碎过筛
将步骤4获得的产品立即粉碎,过100目筛;
步骤6:密封包装
将步骤5得到的番茄粉密封包装。
进一步地,步骤2中,榨汁时间控制在3min,使得番茄榨汁成颗粒较为均一的番茄汁;微波加热的能量为2W/g,时间为6min,加热过程中不断搅拌番茄汁。
进一步地,步骤4中,干燥后的产品水分含量≤5%。
进一步地,步骤5中,粉碎时温度升高,会使番茄粉更易吸湿与聚集,要控制好温度,采用低温粉碎,温度低于4℃。
进一步地,步骤6中,干燥后立即采用真空方式封装,封口时间为2-3s。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
本发明通过特殊的加工工艺处理得到的番茄粉优点如下:一方面,产品不仅易储藏、易运输、减少资源浪费、提高货架期,而且成品颜色鲜红、即食即用、口感细腻顺滑;另一方面,产品顺式番茄红素相对含量由10%提升至28.52%、较大限度的保留了总番茄红素含量、水分含量低于5%、易于人体消化,最大限度的保持番茄原有的风味和营养物质。其中,富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工过程中存在以下特殊工艺:第一、番茄榨汁后,先抽滤除去番茄中大部分的水分,后冷冻干燥,此方法得到的番茄粉品质较佳、不易吸湿,并且缩短干燥时间;第二、番茄榨汁后,进行微波热处理可提高顺式番茄红素的含量、起到杀菌和钝化果胶酶的作用、最大限度的保留番茄中果胶的含量以及提高番茄粉的消化性;第三、由于番茄粉的品质会因干燥方法的不同而受到影响,温度越高对番茄粉的品质及色泽,尤其对番茄红素的影响较大,而冷冻干燥不经过热处理,保留着原来水分所占据的空间而没有塌陷,保留原有的结构,因而得到的番茄粉颜色鲜艳,对食品原有的风味以及营养成分影响较低。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1:
本实施例中富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺包括以下步骤:
1、原料预处理:挑选颜色鲜红,总番茄红素含量>3‰的新鲜番茄,清洗、去蒂、切成大小接近均一的块状,去蒂时要在去除干净的条件下尽量不去除番茄果肉;
2、微波热处理:将上述得到的番茄块在榨汁机中榨汁,然后置于微波下加热,微波能量2W/g,时间6min,加热过程中不断搅拌番茄汁;
3、抽滤:将上述得到的番茄汁进行抽滤,收集滤渣;
4、冷冻干燥:将上述得到的产品先在-80℃速冻2h,然后于冷冻干燥箱(-50℃)中冷冻干燥13h,使其水分含量低于5%;
5、粉碎过筛:将上述干燥后得到的产品立即采用低温粉碎,温度低于4℃,过100目筛;
6、密封包装:将上述得到的番茄粉采用真空密封包装,封口时间为2-3s。
将番茄粉成品4℃下储存3个月后对其进行检测和感官评价,结果为:颜色依旧呈现鲜红色、吸湿性较低、组织细腻均匀、口感顺滑、易于消化吸收、顺式番茄红素相对含量达到28%左右、具有番茄粉特有的气味和滋味,整体口感与新鲜生产的产品接近。
实施例2:
其他均与实施例1相同,不同之处在于番茄榨汁后不进行抽滤处理,而是直接进行冷冻干燥,得到番茄粉成品。
将实施例2得到的番茄粉成品进行检测和感官评价,结果为:成品颜色鲜艳,气味与新鲜生产的产品接近,但粉碎后立即吸湿聚集,导致番茄粉不易溶解、水分含量较高(水分含量>5%),而且干燥时间较长,失去其商品价值。
实施例3:
其他均与实施例1相同,不同之处在于番茄榨汁后不进行微波热处理,得到番茄粉成品。
将实施例3得到的番茄粉成品进行检测和感官评价,结果为:成品颜色鲜艳,气味、番茄红素含量与新鲜生产的产品接近,但番茄粉的组织状态较差,口感细腻度下降,粉碎后易吸湿聚集,且番茄粉中顺式番茄红素含量较低(10%左右),失去其商品价值。
实施例4:
其他均与实施例1相同,不同之处在于番茄榨汁后不进行微波热处理,而是通过85℃下加热60s,得到番茄粉成品。
将实施例4得到的番茄粉成品进行检测和感官评价,结果为:颜色依旧呈现鲜红色、吸湿性较低、组织细腻均匀,具有番茄粉特有的气味和滋味,整体口感与新鲜生产的产品接近,但对番茄红素含量及结构检测可知顺式番茄红素含量相对较低。
实施例5:
其他均与实施例1相同,不同之处在于干燥方式用热风干燥,得到番茄粉成品。
将实施例5得到的番茄粉成品进行检测和感官评价,结果为:成品水分含量较低、不易吸湿、流动性较强,但颜色呈现暗红、焦糊味严重、水溶性固形物含量较低;然后对番茄粉中番茄红素含量进行测定,结果为:番茄红素含量明显降低。因此番茄粉失去其原有的光泽,失去其顺滑口感,产品失去其商品价值。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种富含顺式番茄红素的番茄粉加工工艺,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤1:原料预处理
挑选颜色鲜红、总番茄红素含量>3‰的新鲜番茄,清洗、去蒂、切成大小均一的块状;去蒂时要在去除干净的条件下尽量不去除番茄果肉。
步骤2:微波热处理
将步骤1得到的番茄块置于榨汁机中榨汁,然后微波加热;
步骤3:抽滤
将步骤2获得的番茄汁抽滤,收集滤渣;
步骤4:冷冻干燥
将步骤3得到的产品先在-80℃速冻2h,然后置于冷冻干燥箱中-50℃下冷冻干燥13h;
步骤5:粉碎过筛
将步骤4获得的产品立即粉碎,过100目筛;
步骤6:密封包装
将步骤5得到的番茄粉密封包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于:
步骤2中,榨汁时间控制在3min,使得番茄榨汁成颗粒较为均一的番茄汁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于:
步骤2中,微波加热的能量为2W/g,时间为6min,加热过程中不断搅拌番茄汁。
4.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于:
步骤4中,干燥后的产品水分含量≤5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于:
步骤5中,粉碎时温度升高,会使番茄粉更易吸湿与聚集,要控制好温度,采用低温粉碎。
6.根据权利要求5所述的加工工艺,其特征在于:
所述低温粉碎的温度控制≤4℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的加工工艺,其特征在于:
步骤6中,干燥后立即采用真空方式封装,封口时间为2-3s。
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