CN106035616A - 一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
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- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法,包括步骤:鲜马蹄挑选;清洗;去皮;切片或切条;将鲜马蹄片在温度为90‑100℃、浓度为0.5‑2%的罗汉果水溶液中漂烫15‑40s;将马蹄片在150‑350MPa的超高压条件下处理2‑6min;先将马蹄片置于‑15℃至‑20℃下冷冻5‑7h,然后置于温度为20‑45℃、浓度为3‑6%的罗汉果水溶液中解冻0.5‑2h,反复冻融1‑3次;先将马蹄片于鼓风干燥箱内热风干燥;再置于真空冷冻干燥机中干燥;然后放入微波干燥箱干燥;最后再放入鼓风干燥箱干燥至干基计水分含量<7%。本发明产品口感香甜、酥脆、低脂低糖低热量,是一种十分时尚的天然绿色保健休闲食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及的是一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法。
背景技术
罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii),属双子叶植物纲(Dicotyledoneae)葫芦科(Cucurbitaceac)罗汉果属植物的果实,植物学名“光果木鳖”,别名拉江果、假苦瓜,是我国特有的珍贵葫芦科植物,是国家首批批准的药食两用材料之一。罗汉果是一种具备多年生宿根及地下茎的多年生草质藤本植物,其果实圆形、卵圆形或倒卵形,果实富含维生素C(每100克鲜果中含400毫克~500毫克)、维生素E、蛋白质、脂类、必需氨基酸、微量元素等多种营养素,以及含有黄酮、多糖、甜甙和多酚等多种活性成分。传统医学认为罗汉果可润肺止咳、凉血、润肠通便。现代药理研究证实,罗汉果具有止咳祛痰、生津止渴、调节消化道运动、增强机体免疫力、抗氧化、保肝、抑制变性链球菌致龋等药理作用,其主要功效是能止咳化痰。罗汉果通过萃取可制得罗汉果甜苷,该甜味剂的甜度为蔗糖的300倍,其热量为零,作为食品是安全无毒的,在国家强制标准《GB2760食品添加剂使用标准》中规定,罗汉果甜苷可不限量用于各类食品,其具有清热润肺镇咳、润肠通便之功效,对肥胖、便秘、糖尿病等具有防治作用。
马蹄(Eleacharis dulcis)又名荸荠,为多年生宿根性草本植物,原产于印度,是我国特产水生果蔬。马蹄营养十分丰富,每100g鲜品中,含水分68g,碳水化合物21.8g,蛋白质1.5g,脂肪0.1g,粗纤维0.5g,钙5mg,磷68mg,铁0.5mg,尼克酸0.4mg和多种维生素等。马蹄还具有较好的消食解热、清咽化痰等药用价值和抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌等保健作用。
新鲜马蹄中富含营养但同时又含有大量水分,易滋生腐败菌,导致腐烂,将鲜马蹄经过干燥、膨化等加工技术制得具有容量小、储藏期长、供应没有季节性限制、不易霉变等特点的酥脆马蹄片或条,可解决马蹄因地域、季节等造成鲜马蹄加工利用率低等问题。但目前经脱水加工制得果蔬脆片或条,水分含量较低,口感偏干、粉质感较强,故利用罗汉果具有生津止渴功效及富含甜苷的特点,制备一款罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片或条很有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,而提出一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的:
一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
(1)鲜马蹄挑选:挑选无虫无害、形状扁圆球形,表面平滑,大小均匀的新鲜马蹄;
(2)清洗:将鲜马蹄置于水中清洗,除去鲜马蹄表面污物;
(3)去皮:使用去皮机械或去皮工具给鲜马蹄去皮;
(4)切片:将洗净去皮后的鲜马蹄切片,厚度为2mm-4mm;
(5)罗汉果水溶液漂烫:将鲜马蹄片在温度为90-100℃、浓度为0.5-2%的罗汉果水溶液中漂烫15-40s,漂烫时的固液质量比为1:1-1:3,漂烫后将马蹄片从罗汉果水溶液中取出,沥干;
(6)超高压:将漂烫后的马蹄片在150-350MPa的超高压条件下处理2-6min,取出;
(7)冻融:先将超高压处理后的马蹄片置于-15℃至-20℃下冷冻5-7h,然后立即将冻好的马蹄片置于温度为20-45℃、浓度为3-6%的罗汉果水溶液中解冻0.5-2h,解冻时的固液质量比为1:1-1:3,整个过程称为冻融1次,反复冻融1-3次;
(8)组合干燥:先将冻融处理后的马蹄片平铺于鼓风干燥箱的物料架上进行热风干燥,热风干燥温度为40-55℃,干燥0.5-1.5h取出;再置于真空冷冻干燥机中,冷阱温度-70℃至-80℃,加热板温度10-20℃,真空度为100-400Pa,干燥2-4h取出;然后放入微波干燥箱,干燥的质量功率比为:0.1-0.2kg:微波功率1.5-3.0KW,干燥时间为100-200s,取出;最后再放入鼓风干燥箱进行热风干燥,热风干燥温度为55-75℃,干燥直至干基计水分含量<7%,得到罗汉果风味膨化马蹄片。
(9)冷却包装:将组合干燥后的罗汉果风味膨化马蹄片置于20-25℃,相对湿度小于55%的洁净空间进行冷却、分级、包装,得罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片产品。
而且,所述步骤(4)中切片是将洗净去皮后的鲜马蹄切成宽2-5mm×高2-5mm×长30-50mm的条状。
而且,所述步骤(4)和步骤(7)中所述罗汉果水溶液的配置方法包括步骤有:
(1)打浆:将罗汉果内部果肉与水按固液质量比为1:1-1:2的比例置于打浆机中进行打浆;
(2)过滤:用200目的滤网对上述浆液进行过滤;
(3)浓缩:将过滤后的罗汉果溶液置于真空微波干燥箱中进行浓缩,真空微波干燥的物料质量与功率比为:100-500g﹕微波功率0.5-2KW,运行时间200-600s,真空度为0.05-0.07MPa,浓缩至30-50°Brix;
(4)真空冷冻干燥:将浓缩罗汉果汁平铺于真空冷冻干燥机的物料盘中,厚度为1-2mm,置于-18℃至-20℃下预冻1-2h;取出后再置于真空冷冻干燥机中,分三阶段进行干燥,直至干基计含水量<7%;
(5)超微粉碎:先将冻干后的物料放入万能粉碎机中进行粗粉碎,每次打粉15s,重复3次,每次间隔5min,以降低粉碎机温度,共打粉45s后将样品过80目筛;再将物料置于超微粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,后将样品过250目筛,使制得罗汉果粉粒径为30-60μm。
而且,所述步骤(4)真空冷冻干燥中的分三阶段进行干燥具体是:第一阶段温度为-10至5℃,干燥2-4h,第二阶段温度为10至20℃,干燥5-8h,第三阶段温度为30-40℃,干燥4-7h取出,直至干基计含水量<7%。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明的非油炸罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片或条口感香甜、酥脆、食用方便、营养丰富、低脂低糖低热量、并具有良好颜色、形状、膨胀度,产品安全卫生是一种十分时尚的天然绿色保健休闲食品。
2、本发明的方法在制备过程中不添加任何色素、防腐剂及护色类食品添加剂,真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥和微波干燥温度均低于100℃,具有能耗低、工序操作简单的特点。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明实施例做进一步详述:需要强调的是,本发明所述的实施例是说明性的,而不是限定性的,因此本发明并不限于具体实施方式中所述的实施例,凡是由本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术方案得出的其它实施方式,同样属于本发明保护的范围。
一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片或条的制备方法,该方法的工艺流程为:鲜马蹄挑选→清洗→去皮→切片→罗汉果溶液漂烫→超高压→冻融→组合干燥→冷却包装→成品。步骤内容包括如下:
(1)鲜马蹄挑选:挑选无虫无害、形状扁圆球形,表面平滑,大小均匀的新鲜马蹄;
(2)清洗:水中清洗,除去鲜马蹄表面污物;
(3)去皮:使用去皮机械或去皮工具给鲜马蹄去皮;
(4)切片:将鲜马蹄洗净去皮后切片,厚度为2mm-4mm;
作为本发明的另一种实施例,将鲜马蹄洗净去皮后切成宽2-5mm×高2-5mm×长30-50mm的条状;
(5)罗汉果溶液漂烫:在温度为90-100℃、浓度为0.5-2%的罗汉果水溶液中漂烫15-40s,漂烫时的固液比为1:1-1:3,漂烫后将马蹄片从罗汉果水溶液中取出,沥干;可去除马蹄生味,使酶失活,采用低浓度罗汉果液进行热烫,可赋予马蹄一定的甜味跟色泽,提升酥脆马蹄片的口感。
(6)超高压:将漂烫后的马蹄片在150-350MPa的超高压条件下处理2-6min,取出;可增强马蹄内部细胞的通透性。
(7)冻融:先将超高压处理后的马蹄片置于-15℃至-20℃下冷冻5-7h,然后立即将冻好的马蹄片置于温度为20-45℃、浓度为3-6%的罗汉果水溶液中解冻0.5-2h,解冻时的固液比为1:1-1:3,整个过程称为冻融1次,反复冻融1-3次;经过反复冻融,可改变马蹄片的内部结构,后期进行组合干燥时水分更容易被脱去;将冷冻马蹄置于较高浓度罗汉果液中浸渍解冻,不仅可缩短解冻时间,还可以形成一定的渗透压,使马蹄中的水渗透到外部溶液中,而溶液中的溶质可扩散至马蹄内部,可增加马蹄片或条的风味和营养。
(8)组合干燥:先将冻融处理后的马蹄片平铺于鼓风干燥箱的物料架上进行热风干燥,热风干燥温度为40-55℃,干燥0.5-1.5h取出;再置于真空冷冻干燥机中,冷阱温度-70℃至-80℃,加热板温度10-20℃,真空度为100-400Pa,干燥2-4h取出;然后放入微波干燥箱,干燥的质量功率比为:0.1-0.2kg微波功率为1.5-3.0KW,干燥时间为100-200s,取出;最后再放入鼓风干燥箱进行热风干燥,热风干燥温度为55-75℃,干燥直至水分含量<7%(干基计),得到罗汉果风味膨化马蹄片。
(9)冷却包装:将组合干燥后的罗汉果风味膨化马蹄片置于20-25℃,相对湿度55%以下洁净空间进行冷却、分级、包装,即为罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片产品。
在本发明的具体实施中,所述罗汉果水溶液的配置方法为:将购置的罗汉果粉根据需要与一定质量的水均匀混合、溶解配制成所需浓度的罗汉果水溶液。采用这种方法时,其优点是配置罗汉果水溶液过程简单,但缺点也较为明显,就是罗汉果水溶液的味道欠佳,这主要是由于购置的罗汉果粉加工工艺简单粗糙,罗汉果的丰满味道未能尽溶于水溶液中。
在本发明的具体实施中,所述罗汉果水溶液的优选配置方法为:
(1)打浆:将无籽罗汉果外壳去除,取内部果肉(若为有籽罗汉果,应当先去籽)与水按固液比为1:1-1:2的比例置于打浆机中进行打浆;
(2)过滤:用200目的滤网对浆液进行过滤;
(3)浓缩:将过滤后的罗汉果溶液置于真空微波干燥箱中进行浓缩,真空微波干燥的物料质量与功率比为:100-500g﹕微波功率0.5-2KW,运行时间200-600s,真空度为0.05-0.07MPa,浓缩至30-50°Brix;浓缩处理是为了缩短后续的真空冷冻干燥时间。
(4)真空冷冻干燥:将浓缩罗汉果汁平铺于真空冷冻干燥机的物料盘中,厚度为1-2mm,置于-18℃至-20℃下预冻1-2h;再置于真空冷冻干燥机中,分3阶段进行干燥,第一阶段温度为-10至5℃,干燥2-4h,第二阶段温度为10至20℃,干燥5-8h,第三阶段温度为30-40℃,干燥4-7h取出;干制含水量至<7%(干基计)。
(5)超微粉碎:先将冻干后的物料放入万能粉碎机中进行粗粉碎,每次打粉15s,重复3次,每次间隔5min,以降低粉碎机温度,共打粉45s后将样品过80目筛;再将物料置于超微粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,后将样品过250目筛,使制得罗汉果粉粒径为30-60μm。
Claims (4)
1.一种罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法,其特征在于包括步骤如下:
(1)鲜马蹄挑选:挑选无虫无害、形状扁圆球形,表面平滑,大小均匀的新鲜马蹄;
(2)清洗:将鲜马蹄置于水中清洗,除去鲜马蹄表面污物;
(3)去皮:使用去皮机械或去皮工具给鲜马蹄去皮;
(4)切片:将洗净去皮后的鲜马蹄切片,厚度为2mm-4mm;
(5)罗汉果水溶液漂烫:将鲜马蹄片在温度为90-100℃、浓度为0.5-2%的罗汉果水溶液中漂烫15-40s,漂烫时的固液质量比为1:1-1:3,漂烫后将马蹄片从罗汉果水溶液中取出,沥干;
(6)超高压:将漂烫后的马蹄片在150-350MPa的超高压条件下处理2-6min,取出;
(7)冻融:先将超高压处理后的马蹄片置于-15℃至-20℃下冷冻5-7h,然后立即将冻好的马蹄片置于温度为20-45℃、浓度为3-6%的罗汉果水溶液中解冻0.5-2h,解冻时的固液质量比为1:1-1:3,整个过程称为冻融1次,反复冻融1-3次;
(8)组合干燥:先将冻融处理后的马蹄片平铺于鼓风干燥箱的物料架上进行热风干燥,热风干燥温度为40-55℃,干燥0.5-1.5h取出;再置于真空冷冻干燥机中,冷阱温度-70℃至-80℃,加热板温度10-20℃,真空度为100-400Pa,干燥2-4h取出;然后放入微波干燥箱,干燥的质量功率比为:0.1-0.2kg:微波功率1.5-3.0KW,干燥时间为100-200s,取出;最后再放入鼓风干燥箱进行热风干燥,热风干燥温度为55-75℃,干燥直至干基计水分含量<7%,得到罗汉果风味膨化马蹄片。
(9)冷却包装:将组合干燥后的罗汉果风味膨化马蹄片置于20-25℃,相对湿度小于55%的洁净空间进行冷却、分级、包装,得罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中切片是将洗净去皮后的鲜马蹄切成宽2-5mm×高2-5mm×长30-50mm的条状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)和步骤(7)中所述罗汉果水溶液的配置方法包括步骤有:
(1)打浆:将罗汉果内部果肉与水按固液质量比为1:1-1:2的比例置于打浆机中进行打浆;
(2)过滤:用200目的滤网对上述浆液进行过滤;
(3)浓缩:将过滤后的罗汉果溶液置于真空微波干燥箱中进行浓缩,真空微波干燥的物料质量与功率比为:100-500g﹕微波功率0.5-2KW,运行时间200-600s,真空度为0.05-0.07MPa,浓缩至30-50°Brix;
(4)真空冷冻干燥:将浓缩罗汉果汁平铺于真空冷冻干燥机的物料盘中,厚度为1-2mm,置于-18℃至-20℃下预冻1-2h;取出后再置于真空冷冻干燥机中,分三阶段进行干燥,直至干基计含水量<7%;
(5)超微粉碎:先将冻干后的物料放入万能粉碎机中进行粗粉碎,每次打粉15s,重复3次,每次间隔5min,以降低粉碎机温度,共打粉45s后将样品过80目筛;再将物料置于超微粉碎机中进行超微粉碎,后将样品过250目筛,使制得罗汉果粉粒径为30-60μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的罗汉果味酥脆马蹄片的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)真空冷冻干燥中的分三阶段进行干燥具体是:第一阶段温度为-10至5℃,干燥2-4h,第二阶段温度为10至20℃,干燥5-8h,第三阶段温度为30-40℃,干燥4-7h取出,直至干基计含水量<7%。
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RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |