CN110463549B

CN110463549B - Planting method for preventing water logging of Yangxian turnips

Info

Publication number: CN110463549B
Application number: CN201910871464.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆灿兵; 黄其鹏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-09-16
Filing date: 2019-09-16
Publication date: 2021-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-16
Also published as: CN110463549A

Abstract

A planting method for preventing water logging of leaf mustard in a Yangxian county comprises the following planting steps: (1) land block arrangement: selecting land blocks which are easy to irrigate and drain and are not clayey soil in the last ten days of 10 months, applying decomposed farmyard manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, applying 500-600 kg of farmyard manure and 15-25 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, performing rotary tillage to soil preparation, and finally ditching and ridging; (2) transplanting: digging holes for planting the cultivated Yangxian turnip seedlings on ridges, wherein the planting distance is 30-50 cm, and immediately spraying sufficient root fixing water after planting; (3) field management: after the big head vegetable seedlings in the Yangxian county are transplanted for two days, root fertilizers prepared from jasmine flower residues, peanut bran, mesona chinensis benth residues and biogas slurry are applied, wherein 400 kilograms of the root fertilizers are applied to each mu of land, the root fertilizers are applied once every two to three weeks, and soil on ridges is kept moist and is not cracked; (4) harvesting: and (4) stopping fertilizing two weeks before harvesting, harvesting in the last ten days of 1 month, digging up the whole plant, removing fibrous roots, and reserving root blocks and stem leaves to finish harvesting. The root tuber of the Yangxian kohlrabi planted by the method is thick, uniform and hollow.

Description

Planting method for preventing water logging of Yangxian turnips

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a planting method for preventing kohlrabi from hollowing in a county.

Background

The Yangxi county is located in the south of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, the east of Nanning City, the middle of the Jiangxi province, is located in the south of the line of return to the North, is between 108 degrees to 109 degrees 37 degrees of the east longitude and 22 degrees to 23 degrees 30 degrees of the northern latitude, is connected to the Guihong City, is connected to the south of the Yangshan county, the Pubei county, the West boundary \37013, the Ning county, the North and Bingyang counties are bordered, enjoys the reputation of 'the county of jasmine in China', and is a key county of the coastal city of the economic district of the northern gulf of Guangxi. The horizontal county is a place with abundant physical products, and the kohlrabi is one of the places. The Yangxian root mustard is a characteristic vegetable famous in Guangxi province, is a brassica annual or biennial herb and is a national geographic sign certification product. Kohlrabi is mainly produced in areas of south countryside, mountain city, school chair and the like in the county. The root mustard in the Yangxian county is odd and big, the largest single plant can reach 12 jin, the pickled root mustard is golden in color, low in crude fiber content and crisp and tender in taste, and the root mustard is a local famous special product for hundreds of years.

The Yangxian turnip is a unique local variety, a first vegetable variety which is selected and cultivated by Yangxian people at a very early stage, and the legend of oral biography is to use radish and root mustard (B.juncea) (or tuber mustard) pollinated by the new variety obtained by cultivation for several generations, the cabbage planted in the horizontal county has been cultivated for more than 300 years, the cabbage has been released in the world as early as the morning and evening, and the cabbage is introduced and cultivated in many counties in Guangxi province at present, but the cabbage planted in the horizontal county can be stir-fried and cultivated at bestThe pickled vegetable can be preserved for 2-3 years without deterioration. The salted turnip blank product in Yangxian county has strong fragrance, is deeply favored by consumers, and is also called fingered citron turnip because the salted turnip blank product is similar to fingered citron in shape. The big head mustard in the Yangxian county is not as big as the cabbage and the rhizoma anemones Raddeanae in Sichuan, the big head mustard in the Yangxian county is fresh, sweet and crisp, and the root block is large. The optimal growing region of the Yangxian turnip is West jin wetland, the soil is fertile, the ecological environment is excellent, and the high-quality turnip can be produced. The turnip in the Yangxian county is rich in calcium, selenium, potassium and the like, and the content of soluble solids of the turnip in the Yangxian county is much higher than that of the turnip in other areas, so that the turnip in the Yangxian county has the characteristics of strong fragrance and crisp texture, the ratio of fresh vegetables to cooked vegetables is much higher than that of the turnip in other areas, the turnip is vegetarian with the name of 'ground squid', and the sliced or shredded turnip and fat pork are more delicious when being fried together.

The pickling process flow of the Yangxian kohlrabi generally comprises the following steps: raw material collection → in-situ solarization for 1 to 2 days → cleaning → step on a salt adding head for 24 to 36 hours in a pool → natural draining in the pool → slice thickness for 12 to 15 mm, each slice has 2-3 vegetable leaves → pool replacement and salt addition step for 36 to 48 hours → solarization for 2 days in the pool → salt sealing in a cylinder → salt blank products → packaging or no packaging. Although delicious crosswise-county root mustard is easy to plant, the biggest defect is that the root mustard is easy to hollow, namely, the center of underground meat stems forms a hollow core, fibers around the hollow core are hard, the taste is far different, and the quality of the hollow root mustard is influenced by soil or management problems in the county and the county surrounding the crosswise county, so that the planting method for preventing the root mustard from hollow in the crosswise county is a difficult problem to solve urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method for preventing kohlrabi in the horizontal county from hollowing, which is used for planting kohlrabi in the horizontal county, wherein the root tuber of the kohlrabi in the horizontal county is thick, uniform and not hollow, and the purpose can be achieved even if the kohlrabi is introduced in other places.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme is as follows:

a planting method for preventing water logging of leaf mustard in a Yangxian county comprises the following planting steps:

(1) land block arrangement: selecting a land block which is easy to irrigate and drain and is not clayey soil in the last ten days of 10 months, applying decomposed farmyard manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, applying 500-600 kg farmyard manure and 15-25 kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, then performing rotary tillage to soil, wherein the rotary tillage depth is more than 25 cm, finally ditching and ridging, the ridge width is 1.5-2 m, the provided ditch is used as an irrigation and drainage ditch, the irrigation and drainage ditch can be large or small according to the actual condition of the land block, and the ditch depth is not less than 25 cm;

(2) transplanting: digging holes for planting the cultivated Yangxian turnip seedlings on ridges, wherein the planting distance is 30-50 cm, and immediately spraying sufficient root fixing water after planting;

(3) field management: after the big head vegetable seedlings in the Yangxian county are transplanted for two days, root fertilizers prepared from jasmine flower residues, peanut bran, mesona chinensis benth residues and biogas slurry are applied, wherein 400 kilograms of the root fertilizers are applied to each mu of land, the root fertilizers are applied once every two to three weeks, and soil on ridges is kept moist and is not cracked; the water cannot be accumulated in the ditch, and the accumulated water needs to be drained in time;

(4) harvesting: and (4) stopping fertilizing two weeks before harvesting, harvesting in the last ten days of 1 month, digging up the whole plant, removing fibrous roots, and reserving root blocks and stem leaves to finish harvesting.

The preparation process of the root fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) taking 15-20 parts of jasmine flower residues, 10-30 parts of peanut bran, 50-80 parts of mesona chinensis benth residues and 300 parts of biogas slurry;

(2) uniformly mixing jasmine flower residues, peanut bran and mesona chinensis benth residues, naturally stacking for more than one week, wherein the stacking cannot be wetted by rainwater, and turning and stacking for one to two times during the period to obtain a mixture;

(3) placing the mixture in a biogas slurry pool, mixing with biogas slurry, sealing, and fermenting for more than 5 days.

The big head vegetable seedling in the county is obtained by cultivating the following steps:

(1) selecting full-grain Japanese turnip seeds, and soaking the seeds in lime water at 30-45 ℃ for 20-30 seconds for later use; the lime water is water obtained by uniformly mixing quicklime powder and clear water and then standing, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime powder to the clear water is (2-5): 100;

(2) spreading the culture medium into a seedbed, spraying reserved Brassica napobrassica seeds on the seedbed after watering and wetting, covering a layer of thin culture medium with the thickness not more than 0.5 cm, and covering the seeds;

the culture medium is obtained by mixing and stacking river sediment and mesona blume grass residues for more than 20 days, and the culture medium is turned over once in 3-5 days during stacking and cannot be drenched by rainwater;

(3) keeping the culture medium moist, allowing the culture medium to naturally germinate and grow, and obtaining the transplantable Yangxian kohlrabi seedling after the culture medium grows to 2-3 true leaves.

The kohlrabi seeds in the county are seeds obtained by cross pollination and hybridization of tuber mustard or kohlrabi and radish.

Hot pickled mustard tuber (Brassica juncea var.tumida) Angiosperma, a family of dicotyledonae. Most of them are herbaceous plants. Mustard is one type of mustard. Kohlrabi (kohlrabi)Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa)) Also known as kohlrabi, solanum lycopersicum, kohlrabi, rugby, are biennial herbaceous plants of the family brassicaceae. The bulb skin is divided into three types of green, green-white and purple according to the color of the bulb skin. Green and white are used in this application.

Mesona chinensis Benth is a Labiatae plant with a stem with a flat lower part and a vertical upper part, an oval or oval long round shape, a blunt tip, a base gradually contracted into a handle, small sawteeth on the edge, two sides with loose hair, smaller leaves growing on the upper part of a inflorescence, a shape of a bract, an oval shape to an inverted triangle shape, a shorter flower and a light purple base, and the leaves fall off when bearing fruits. Soft and weak overall inflorescence, small flower, recurrent, small calyx, 2 lip, 3 cleft upper lip, full lower lip, fruiting time or tube shape, downward bending, longitudinal vein and transverse wrinkle; the corolla is light red, the upper lip is wide, the whole edge or the teeth are split, and the lower lip is oblong and concave; stamen 4, filament protrusion; pistil 1, style 2 split; one side of the flower disc is enlarged. The small nuts are oval. At the end of flowering and autumn. Distributed in Taiwan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, and West. Mesona chinensis Benth is an important plant resource used as both medicine and food. The herba mesonae chinensis whole plant contains polysaccharide, and has effects of removing summer heat, clearing heat, cooling blood, and removing toxic substance. The stems of people are often decocted with water, and then diluted starch is added to prepare jelly (commonly called as 'bean jelly') for eating, which is an excellent food for relieving summer heat and quenching thirst. The mesona blume grass residue adopted by the invention is the mesona blume processed by using mesona blume in a mesona blume processing factory, namely the mesona blume grass residue obtained by filtering after water is added for decoction; the mesona blume dregs and the whole grass contain polysaccharide, so that the effects of relieving summer heat, clearing heat, cooling blood and detoxifying are achieved, the mesona blume dregs, peanut bran, jasmine dregs and biogas slurry are fermented to serve as root fertilizers, the fertilizer effect is good, the mesona blume dregs can promote the growth of root pieces of the Yangxian turnip, and the fibrosis is not easy to occur.

The biogas slurry is liquid pumped and discharged from a biogas digester which is normally used for more than half a year; when the biogas slurry produced in the biogas digester is insufficient, the silkworm excrement, the mesona chinensis benth residues and the washing water of the cattle farm can be led into the biogas digester together, and the liquid is taken as the biogas slurry after 3-5 days of fermentation.

The flos Jasmini sambac residue is waste of flos Jasmini sambac bract of Jasminum of Oleaceae after smoking folium Camelliae sinensis. The jasmine flower residues, peanut bran, mesona chinensis benth residues and biogas slurry are used for fermentation, the content of organic matters and mineral matters can be increased, the content of microorganisms suitable for growth of the root mustard in the Yangxian county is rich, the root fertilizer efficiency is improved, and soil is not easy to harden.

The peanut bran is prepared by fermenting the residue left after oil extraction of peanuts, the peanut bran, mesona chinensis grass residue, jasmine flower residue and biogas slurry to serve as root fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency is good, the peanut bran and mesona chinensis grass residue, jasmine flower residue and biogas slurry can emit unique smell after fermentation, the turnip pest and disease damage is less, and the use of pesticides can be reduced.

The planting method for preventing the water spinach from being vacant in the county has the advantages that:

1. the planting method is not only applied with a small amount of fertilizer before rotary tillage and soil preparation, but also is not applied with fertilizer at other times, thus being not easy to cause environmental pollution and soil hardening.

2. The root fertilizer prepared from jasmine flower residues, peanut bran, mesona chinensis benth residues and biogas slurry is applied in field management, the purposes of increasing fertilizer efficiency and preventing insects can be achieved, pesticide does not need to be sprayed, the root tuber of the planted Yangxian turnip is thick, uniform, non-hollow and less in crude fiber, and the pickled, dried and crisp mouthfeel is aromatic and tender.

3. The adopted Yangxian turnip seeds are seeds obtained by hybridizing tuber mustard and radish, and the root tubers of the turnip planted by the seeds are thick, crisp, sweet and not easy to fiberize.

4. The planting method can prevent the problem that the water spinach belonging to the Yangxian county needs to be solved at present.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a drawing of a row of Dolichos paniculatus;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of salted kohlrabi products in Yangxian county.

The salted blank product of the Yangxian root mustard in the picture 2 is obtained by harvesting the Yangxian root mustard in the picture 1, airing the root mustard in the ground for 1 to 2 days, cleaning the root mustard, putting the root mustard in a pickling tank, adding salt, treading for 24 to 36 hours, fishing out the root mustard, naturally draining, slicing the root mustard into slices with the thickness of 12 to 15 millimeters, arranging 2 to 3 leaves on each leaf, changing the tank, adding salt, treading for 36 to 48 hours, taking the root mustard out of the tank, solarizing for 2 days, and finally putting the root mustard in a jar for salt sealing.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly describe the present technology, the following examples further illustrate the present technology in detail.

Example 1

The method can be used for planting the Yangxian turnip, the planted turnip is not hollow, the root block is thick, and the pickled turnip is dried in the sun and is fragrant, crisp and tender in taste.

The preparation process of the root fertilizer comprises the following steps:

Example 2

The method can complete planting of the turnip in the county, the planted turnip is not hollow, and the root block is thick:

The preparation process of the root fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting full-grain Japanese turnip seeds, and soaking the seeds in lime water at 30-45 ℃ for 20-30 seconds for later use;

Example 3

The preparation process of the root fertilizer comprises the following steps:

The Yangxian turnip seed is obtained by hybridizing tuber mustard and radish, and the hybridization process comprises the following steps:

(1) interplanting radish and tuber mustard in the same land, planting a plurality of radishes between two tuber mustard, wherein the planting distance of the tuber mustard is more than 2 meters, ensuring the flowering phases of the radish and the tuber mustard to be consistent through the control of planting time, and enabling the radish and the tuber mustard to be hybridized and pollinated naturally or adding radish pollen into flower cores of the tuber mustard manually;

(2) selecting full seeds as first-generation seeds to be sowed in a land after the seeds of the tuber mustard are mature, selecting the tuber mustard with thick and long root blocks for reserving seeds, and selecting the full seeds as second-generation seeds after the seeds are mature;

(3) planting the second generation seeds and the radish seeds in the same land, planting a plurality of radishes between two tuber mustard, wherein the planting distance of the tuber mustard is more than 2 meters, ensuring the flowering phases of the radishes and the tuber mustard to be consistent through the control of planting time, and enabling the radishes and the tuber mustard to be hybridized and pollinated naturally or adding radish pollen into flower pistils of the tuber mustard manually; the radish seeds are full-grained seeds produced by flowering and bearing of the radish in the step (1);

(4) and after the seeds of the tuber mustard are ripe, selecting full seeds as the seeds of the Yangxian turnip.

The planting method can prevent the technical problem of the water spinach belonging to the Yangxian county which needs to be solved at present.

Application examples

1. According to a technical popularization station of the agricultural bureau in the Yangxi county, 5 mu of root mustard is planted in the new good town in the Guangxi county by adopting the planting method, and the phenomenon of hollowness of the root mustard is not found according to the statistics of 10.85 jin in a single root mustard.

The above description is not intended to limit the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A planting method for preventing cabbage blooms in the county is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting steps are as follows:

(1) land block arrangement: selecting land blocks which are easy to irrigate and drain and are not clayey soil in the last ten days of 10 months, applying decomposed farmyard manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, applying 500-600 kg of farmyard manure and 15-25 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, performing rotary tillage to soil, wherein the rotary tillage depth is more than 25 cm, and finally ditching and ridging;

(2) transplanting: digging holes for planting the cultivated Yangxian turnip seedlings on ridges, wherein the planting distance is 30-50 cm, and immediately spraying sufficient root fixing water after planting; the big head vegetable seedling in the county is obtained by cultivating the following steps: 1) selecting full-grain Japanese turnip seeds, and soaking the seeds in lime water at 30-45 ℃ for 20-30 seconds for later use; the turnip seeds in the county are seeds obtained by cross pollination and hybridization of tuber mustard or kohlrabi and radish; 2) spreading the culture medium into a seedbed, spraying reserved Brassica napobrassica seeds on the seedbed after watering and wetting, covering a layer of thin culture medium with the thickness not more than 0.5 cm, and covering the seeds; the culture medium is obtained by mixing and stacking river sediment and mesona blume grass residues for more than 20 days, and the culture medium is turned over once in 3-5 days during stacking and cannot be drenched by rainwater; 3) keeping the culture medium moist, allowing the culture medium to naturally germinate and grow, and obtaining transplantable Yangxian kohlrabi seedlings after the culture medium grows to 2-3 true leaves;

(3) field management: after the big head vegetable seedlings in the Yangxian county are transplanted for two days, root fertilizers prepared from jasmine flower residues, peanut bran, mesona chinensis benth residues and biogas slurry are applied, wherein 400 kilograms of the root fertilizers are applied to each mu of land, the root fertilizers are applied once every two to three weeks, and soil on ridges is kept moist and is not cracked; the water cannot be accumulated in the ditch, and the accumulated water needs to be drained in time; the preparation process of the root fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) taking 15-20 parts of jasmine flower residues, 10-30 parts of peanut bran, 50-80 parts of mesona chinensis benth residues and 300 parts of biogas slurry; 2) uniformly mixing jasmine flower residues, peanut bran and mesona chinensis benth residues, naturally stacking for more than one week, wherein the stacking cannot be wetted by rainwater, and turning and stacking for one to two times during the period to obtain a mixture; 3) placing the mixture in a biogas slurry pool, mixing with biogas slurry, sealing, and fermenting for more than 5 days to obtain the final product;