CN110432091B - Cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne disease of self-rooted seedling watermelon - Google Patents
Cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne disease of self-rooted seedling watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432091B CN110432091B CN201910734000.7A CN201910734000A CN110432091B CN 110432091 B CN110432091 B CN 110432091B CN 201910734000 A CN201910734000 A CN 201910734000A CN 110432091 B CN110432091 B CN 110432091B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons, which comprises the following steps: (a) At the bottom of 6 months, after harvesting the spring-stubble watermelons in the greenhouse, cleaning the residue of watermelon plants, and planting Chinese chives; (b) in summer and autumn, the Chinese chives after field planting are harvested normally; (c) Deep turning soil in the next 2 months, picking up all the leek roots for standby, ditching, applying the decomposed chicken manure into the ditches, uniformly mixing the leek roots, the soil and the slow release fertilizer, and applying the mixture onto the decomposed chicken manure; (d) Placing containers on soil mixed with Chinese chives roots and slow release fertilizer, raising a furrow with the space between the containers being 30-40cm, burying the lower part of the containers into the furrow, and exposing the upper part of the containers in the air; filling nutrient soil into the container; (e) 2 watermelon plants are planted in each container, and 6-10 Chinese chives are planted in the circumferential direction by taking the watermelon seedlings as the circle centers. The cultivation method can effectively prevent and control the soil-borne disease of the self-rooted seedling watermelon, and the planted watermelon has good quality and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, in particular to a cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons.
Background
Watermelon is one of the fruits favored by consumers, and China has become the country with the largest yield of watermelon worldwide. Watermelon planting has become an important way for farmers to increase income due to high efficiency.
Watermelon is prevented from continuous cropping, after continuous planting in a land, the watermelon is extremely easy to outbreak blight, the germ can survive for a long time in soil, generally for 5-6 years, and can survive for a longer time, the prevention and the control are very difficult, the common morbidity of continuous cropping land is more than 30%, the serious land mass is more than 80%, and even the absolute production is caused.
The rotation and grafting root-changing technology is an effective method for preventing and controlling watermelon fusarium wilt in the current production. The rotation is economical and simple, but is limited by land resources, and has great difficulty. And in the watermelon grafting technology, various problems such as increased management difficulty, relatively reduced quality and the like are limited due to the fact that a large number of bacteria accumulate in watermelon planting places. Production practice proves that: after grafting watermelon, the plant resistance is improved and the quality characteristics of good fruits are often not compatible; the quality of the watermelon is often reduced while the resistance of the watermelon is improved, mainly characterized by the problems of reduced sugar degree, substantial stiffening of fruits, appearance of rotten flesh, delay of mature period and the like, and seriously influencing the production of the watermelon and the competitive power in the market.
Therefore, research on a technical measure which can effectively relieve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the watermelon in the facility and reduce the influence of continuous cropping on the yield and quality of the watermelon has very important practical significance for promoting sustainable development of the watermelon industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for effectively preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons, and the watermelons are good in quality and high in yield.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons comprises the following steps:
(a) At the bottom of 6 months, after harvesting spring-stubble watermelons in a greenhouse, cleaning watermelon plant residues, carrying out soil rotary tillage, making a flat furrow, and planting Chinese chives;
(b) Harvesting the planted Chinese chives normally in summer and autumn;
(c) Deep ploughing the soil for 2 months in the next year, picking up all the leek roots for standby, ditching, firstly applying decomposed chicken manure into the ditches, then applying all the leek roots into the ditches, backfilling the soil, finally applying 15-25kg of slow release fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the leek roots, the soil and the slow release fertilizer;
(d) Placing containers with diameters of 30cm and heights of 30cm on soil mixed with Chinese chives roots and slow release fertilizer, raising furrows with the spaces between the containers of 30-40cm, burying 15-20cm lower parts of the containers into the furrows, and exposing 10-15cm upper parts of the containers in the air. Filling nutrient soil into the container;
(e) 2 watermelon plants are planted in each container, and 6-10 Chinese chives are planted circumferentially by taking watermelon seedlings as circle centers and 10cm as radius.
In the step (a), the planting mode of the Chinese chives is cluster cultivation, the row spacing is 20-25cm, the plant spacing is 10-15cm, and 7-8 Chinese chives are planted in each cluster.
Further, in the step (c), the application amount of the decomposed chicken manure is 500-800 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (4 d), the container includes a bottomless cylindrical main body, a protrusion protruding outward of the main body and a recess recessed inward of the main body are provided on a side wall of the main body, and a through hole is provided on the protrusion.
Further, in the step (d), the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume: 65-75 parts of sterile soil and 25-35 parts of decomposed corn straw.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention organically combines the rotation of Chinese chives, the application of Chinese chives roots into field planting ridges, the earlier-stage isolation of a container filled with clean nutrient soil and the accompanying organic combination of Chinese chives, so that the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of the watermelons with self-root seedlings can be jointly prevented and controlled, the whole prevention and control method is easy to operate, the actual requirements of agricultural production are compounded, especially the requirement of protected-land watermelon planting can be met, and the occurrence of the soil-borne diseases of watermelons can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the container.
Wherein 1, the chicken manure is decomposed; 2, a mixture of Chinese chives root, soil and slow release fertilizer; 3, high furrows; 4, nutrient soil; 5 a container; 6, chinese chives; 7, watermelon seedlings; 8 main body; 9, protruding; 10 grooves; 11 through holes.
Detailed Description
The following examples and figures are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The containers used in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 2 of the present invention have the following structures (as shown in fig. 2): the container 5 comprises a bottomless cylindrical main body 8, a protrusion 9 protruding outwards of the main body 5 and a groove 10 recessed inwards of the main body 5 are arranged on the side wall of the main body 5, and a through hole 11 is arranged on the protrusion 9. The tubular main body is tubular (or tubular) without upper and lower bottoms.
The soil adjacent to the container wall is loosened by the bulges and the grooves, air enters the loose soil adjacent to the container wall through the through holes, when the root tip grows to the place, air in the soil can be used for trimming roots, then a plurality of side roots can be generated at the rear side of the roots, the generated side roots are killed after contacting the wall of the container, a plurality of side roots can be generated, so that the large number of side roots can be generated repeatedly, the side roots have good fertilizer and water absorption capacity, growth of plants is accelerated, and stress resistance is improved.
In the following examples 1 to 3, after planting watermelon seedlings, the longitudinal section of the watermelon seedlings is schematically shown in fig. 1, decomposed chicken manure 1 is applied in a ditch, a mixture 2 of leek roots, soil and slow release fertilizer is applied on the decomposed chicken manure and a high furrow 3 is made, nutrient soil is added in a container 5, a part of the nutrient soil is buried in the high furrow 3, watermelon seedlings 7 are planted in the container, and leeks 6 are planted around the watermelon seedlings.
Example 1
A cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons comprises the following steps:
(1) At the bottom of 6 months, after harvesting the spring-stubble watermelons in the greenhouse, cleaning the plant residues of the watermelons, carrying out soil rotary tillage, making a flat furrow, and planting the chives in a mode of clustered cultivation, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and 7 plants are planted in each cluster;
(2) Harvesting the planted Chinese chives normally in summer and autumn;
(3) Deep ploughing the soil for 2 months in the next year, picking up all the leek roots for standby, ditching, firstly applying 500 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure into the ditches, then applying all the leek roots into the ditches, backfilling the soil, finally applying 15 kg/mu of slow release fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the leek roots, the soil and the slow release fertilizer;
(4) Placing containers with diameters of 30cm and heights of 30cm on soil mixed with the Chinese chives roots and the slow release fertilizer, raising furrows with the space between the containers of 30cm, burying 15cm of the lower part of the containers into the furrows, and exposing 15cm of the upper part of the containers in the air. The container is filled with nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume: 65 parts of sterile soil and 35 parts of decomposed corn straw;
(5) 2 watermelons are planted in each container, and 6 leeks are planted around the watermelon seedling and 10cm away from the seedling.
Example 2
A cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons comprises the following steps:
(1) At the bottom of 6 months, after harvesting the spring-stubble watermelons in the greenhouse, cleaning the plant residues of the watermelons, carrying out soil rotary tillage, making a flat furrow, and planting the chives in a mode of clustered cultivation, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and 8 plants are planted in each cluster;
(2) Harvesting the planted Chinese chives normally in summer and autumn;
(3) Deep ploughing the soil for 2 months in the next year, picking up all the leek roots for standby, ditching, firstly applying 600 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure into the ditches, then applying all the leek roots into the ditches, backfilling the soil, finally applying 20 kg/mu of slow release fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the leek roots, the soil and the slow release fertilizer;
(4) Placing containers with diameters of 30cm and heights of 30cm on soil mixed with the Chinese chives roots and the slow release fertilizer, raising furrows with the space between the containers of 35cm, burying 20cm of the lower part of the containers into the furrows, and exposing 10cm of the upper part of the containers in the air. The container is filled with nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume: 70 parts of sterile soil and 30 parts of decomposed corn straw;
(5) 2 watermelons are planted in each container, and 8 Chinese chives are planted around the watermelon seedling and 10cm away from the seedling.
Example 3
A cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons comprises the following steps:
(1) In the last ten days of 7 months, after harvesting spring-stubble watermelons in a greenhouse, cleaning plant residues of watermelons, carrying out soil rotary tillage, making a flat furrow, and planting Chinese chives in a mode of clustered cultivation, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and 8 plants are planted in each cluster;
(2) Harvesting the planted Chinese chives normally in summer and autumn;
(3) Deep ploughing the soil for 2 months in the next year, picking up all the leek roots for standby, ditching, firstly applying 800 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure into the ditches, then applying all the leek roots into the ditches, backfilling the soil, finally applying 25 kg/mu of slow release fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the leek roots, the soil and the slow release fertilizer;
(4) Placing containers with diameters of 30cm and heights of 30cm on soil mixed with the Chinese chives roots and the slow release fertilizer, raising furrows with the space between the containers being 40cm, burying 20cm of the lower part of the containers into the furrows, and exposing 10cm of the upper part of the containers in the air. The container is filled with nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume: 75 parts of sterile soil and 25 parts of decomposed corn straw;
(5) 2 watermelons are planted in each container, and 8 Chinese chives are planted around the watermelon seedling and 10cm away from the seedling.
Comparative examples
A control test was performed on a multi-span plastic greenhouse of the institute of economic crops at the academy of agriculture and forestry, hebei province.
The multi-span plastic greenhouse test is characterized in that spring watermelons are planted in the spring all year before the test, after the spring watermelons are harvested, watermelon plant residues are cleaned, soil is subjected to rotary tillage, a flat furrow is made, chinese chives are planted in a planting mode, the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and 8 seedlings are planted in each cluster. And (3) dividing the multi-span plastic greenhouse land into six parts of test groups (examples 1-3), control 1, control 2 and control 3 after 2 months. The watermelon varieties are all the same (early good). The test groups are implemented according to the specific steps (3) - (5) in the examples 1-3.
Comparative example 1
Deep soil is turned, ditches are formed every 2.7m, 500 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure is applied to the ditches, the soil is backfilled, 20 kg/mu of slow release fertilizer is applied, the soil and the slow release fertilizer are uniformly mixed, high furrows are made on the soil mixed with the slow release fertilizer, watermelons are planted in the high furrows in a fixed mode, each hole is planted with 2 plants, the hole distance is 65cm, and 8 Chinese chives are planted around watermelon seedlings and 10cm away from the seedlings.
Comparative example 2
Deep soil is turned, ditches are formed every 2.7m, 500 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure is applied to the ditches, soil is backfilled, 20 kg/mu of slow release fertilizer is applied, the soil and the slow release fertilizer are uniformly mixed, containers with diameters of 30cm and heights of 30cm are placed on the soil mixed with the slow release fertilizer, the distance between the containers is 35cm, the containers are used as the center to raise the furrows, the lower 15cm of the containers are buried in the furrows, and the upper 15cm of the containers are exposed in the air. The container is filled with nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume: 65 parts of sterile soil and 35 parts of decomposed corn straw. 2 watermelons are planted in each container, and 8 Chinese chives are planted around the watermelon seedling and 10cm away from the seedling.
Comparative example 3
Deeply turning soil, picking up all the leek roots for standby, ditching every 2.7m, applying 500 kg/mu decomposed chicken manure into the ditches, then applying all the leek roots into the ditches, backfilling the soil, finally applying 20kg of slow-release fertilizer, uniformly mixing the leek roots, the soil and the slow-release fertilizer, making high furrows on the soil mixed with the slow-release fertilizer, planting watermelons on the high furrows, planting 2 plants in each hole, planting the holes at a distance of 65cm, and planting 8 plants of leeks around watermelon seedlings 10cm away from the seedlings.
The cultivation methods and cultivation effects of watermelons of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
。
The incidence of 20 days after the planting, the incidence of 40 days after the planting, the incidence of melon harvest and the yield were counted in the experimental implementation process, as shown in table 1: the control effect of the watermelon soil-borne disease of comparative examples 1-3 is obviously lower than that of the examples.
In comparative example 1, no earlier stage isolation was performed by using a container based on rotation and accompanying of leeks, no leek roots were applied, the incidence rates after 20 days, 40 days and before picking were 38%, 42% and 49%, respectively, and the commercial melon yield was reduced by about 50% as compared with the examples.
In comparative example 2, the container is used for early isolation, no leek roots are applied, the incidence rate is 30% after 20 days of field planting, which is obviously lower than that of comparative example, and the container is used for early isolation in the early period of fertility, so that the incidence rate reaches 40% in the early period of melon picking, and the yield of commodity melons is improved by 14.6% compared with that of comparative example 1.
In comparative example 3, no prior isolation was performed by using the container, but the incidence rates of 20 days and 40 days after planting were 25% and 38%, respectively, which were significantly lower than comparative example 2, indicating that the prevention effect of planting leek roots in the planting furrows on soil-borne diseases was superior to the prior isolation of the container.
The difference in cultivation effect of examples 1 to 3 was not significant. Therefore, the earlier stage isolation and the application of leek roots by using the container are important measures in the cultivation of the watermelons, and play a very positive role in preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of the watermelons.
The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of carrying out the invention, and is not presented in any detail as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The protection scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical teaching of the invention is also within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of self-rooted watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Cleaning watermelon plant residues after harvesting spring-stubble watermelons in a greenhouse from the bottom of 6 months to 7 months, performing rotary tillage on soil, making a flat furrow, and planting Chinese chives;
(b) Harvesting the planted Chinese chives normally in summer and autumn;
(c) Deep ploughing the soil for 2 months in the next year, picking up all the leek roots for standby, ditching, firstly applying decomposed chicken manure into the ditches, then applying all the leek roots into the ditches, backfilling the soil, finally applying 15-25kg of slow release fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the leek roots, the soil and the slow release fertilizer;
(d) Placing containers with diameters of 30cm and heights of 30cm on soil mixed with Chinese chives roots and slow release fertilizer, raising furrows with the spaces between the containers of 30-40cm, burying 15-20cm of the lower parts of the containers into the furrows, and exposing 15-20cm of the upper parts of the containers in the air; filling nutrient soil into the container; the container comprises a bottomless cylindrical main body, a protrusion protruding outwards from the main body and a groove recessed inwards from the main body are arranged on the side wall of the main body, and a through hole is formed in the protrusion;
(e) 2 watermelon plants are planted in each container, and 6-10 Chinese chives are planted circumferentially by taking watermelon seedlings as circle centers and 10cm as radius.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the planting mode of the Chinese chives is cluster cultivation, the row spacing is 20-25cm, the plant spacing is 10-15cm, and each cluster is 7-8 plants.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (c), the amount of the decomposed chicken manure applied is 500-800 kg/mu.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (d), the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume: 65-75 parts of clean soil and 25-35 parts of decomposed corn straw.
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| CN113068575A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-06 | 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Melon soil isolation cultivation method for preventing root-knot nematode |
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