CN110352679B - Chemical fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening - Google Patents
Chemical fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening Download PDFInfo
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- CN110352679B CN110352679B CN201910779066.8A CN201910779066A CN110352679B CN 110352679 B CN110352679 B CN 110352679B CN 201910779066 A CN201910779066 A CN 201910779066A CN 110352679 B CN110352679 B CN 110352679B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening, which comprises the following steps: step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to the weight ratio of 110: 1-150: 1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then turning over for 10-30 cm; covering a degradable mulching film on the surface of the soil after ploughing, uniformly spreading a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and an active adsorbent on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film after mixing, and covering soil for 3-15 cm after spreading; step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, after mixing nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, humic acid and trace elements, top dressing is carried out; step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, and covering a mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing; the fertilizer application method is suitable for highland barley planting in areas with the altitude of more than 1500 m. The invention can obviously improve the effects of preventing soil hardening, preventing pH from rising and improving soil fertility by using the degradable mulching film to isolate the organic fertilizer microbial inoculum mixture from the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizer application method, in particular to a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening.
Background
The high-altitude area is an area with the altitude of more than 1500m, the high-altitude area has shallow soil layers due to the fragile ecological system, rare animals and plants and weathering effect, and the soil is barren due to low temperature, long freezing period and poor ventilation. In high-altitude areas, the pH of soil is generally high, and for example, in several major areas of the tibet, soil with a pH greater than 7.5 accounts for more than 50% of the soil in agricultural planting areas in rasa city, changdu area, south-of-the-mountain area, japanese passenger area, and ali area. The general crop grows most suitably in neutral or near-neutral soil, the soil with the pH value of more than 7.5 is alkalescent, the soil nutrient availability is low, the benign development of the soil is not favored, the soil structure is easy to damage, the activity of soil microorganisms is not favored, and the growth and development of the crop are not favored.
The main crops in the existing high-altitude areas mainly produce highland barley, have the largest cultivation area, the largest yield and the widest distribution, and are also the main food crops which are most favored by people in the high-altitude areas. The highland barley requires sand, viscosity and moderate pH value for soil growth, the soil water-holding capacity is about 60%, the soil is loose, the thickness of a plough layer is about 20cm, the mineral substance and the nutrient are comprehensive, and the soil mass is finely crushed and is convenient to irrigate and plough. However, the soil in the high-altitude regions has poor fertilizer efficiency and high pH value, and the high-altitude agricultural regions have high cold climate, high altitude, low temperature, short frost-free period, large temperature difference between day and night, less precipitation and poor highland barley growth environment, and are difficult to provide the necessary heat for the highland barley. Therefore, in the highland barley planting process, the yield is improved by applying a chemical fertilizer with quick effect, the applied fertilizer is single in variety, the problem of large application amount of the chemical fertilizer generally exists, the pH value of soil is further increased by the applying mode, the granular structure of the soil is damaged by acid salt deposition, the soil hardening phenomenon is serious, the water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability of the soil are poor, the fertility of the soil is reduced, and the yield of the highland barley is seriously influenced. And the chemical fertilizer is applied in large quantities for a long time, the PH value of the land is further increased, the original barren land is greatly damaged, the saline-alkali soil can be formed after the soil is alkalized for a long time, the saline-alkali soil is not suitable for planting any crop, even water and soil loss is caused, and the ecological system is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that soil hardening and pH increase are caused by long-term application of a chemical fertilizer when highland barley is planted in a high-altitude area in the prior art, and the fertility of soil is reduced, and provides a chemical fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening comprises the following steps: the fertilizer application method comprises the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to the weight ratio of 110: 1-150: 1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then turning over for 10-30cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.3-2.5 tons/mu, the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus terreus, and the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is 2: 3-5: 3; covering a degradable mulching film on the surface of the soil after ploughing, uniformly spreading a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and an active adsorbent on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film after mixing, covering soil for 3-15 cm after spreading, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3-12 kg/mu, the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 7-20 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the active adsorbent is 3: 1-7: 1;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, mixing nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, humic acid and trace elements, and then performing topdressing, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3-7 kg/mu, the dosage of the potash fertilizer is 1-3 kg/mu, the dosage of the humic acid is 0.1-1.3 kg/mu, and the dosage of the trace elements is 0.3-1.9 kg/mu;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is more than or equal to 35cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
The area above the elevation 1500m is a high-altitude area, the soil layer of the high-altitude area is shallow, the soil nutrient is low, the growth speed and the seed setting rate of crops are low, in order to improve the crop yield, a large amount of chemical fertilizers are usually applied for a long time to supplement the nutrients required by the growth of the crops, but only part of the large amount of chemical fertilizers are absorbed and utilized by the crops in the season, and the rest of the chemical fertilizers are fixed by the soil to form a large amount of acid salt deposition, so that the soil is hardened, the pH value is increased, and the fertility of the. The highland barley is a main crop in the high-altitude area, and the technical scheme provides a chemical fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening aiming at the planting characteristics of the highland barley in the high-altitude area, and is suitable for planting the highland barley in the high-altitude area; the inventor finds that in highland barley planting experiments in high-altitude areas, soil hardening and pH increase are easily caused by applying chemical fertilizers due to shallow and barren lands, so that the fertility of the soil is reduced, and to improve the situation, under the premise of ensuring that the yield is not reduced, the maintenance of the soil must be emphasized in the fertilizing process. However, the inventors found in experiments that soil hardening can be prevented to some extent by applying an organic fertilizer and a microbial agent to maintain soil and then applying a nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, but the granular structure of soil is destroyed and the permeability is deteriorated. In order to effectively prevent soil hardening, solve the problem of pH increase and improve soil fertility, the inventor finds through experiments that the effects of preventing soil hardening, preventing pH increase and improving soil fertility can be obviously improved by applying the organic fertilizer microbial agent mixture, the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer in an isolating way by using the degradable mulching film in the fertilizer application process; the inventor finds that when the organic fertilizer microbial inoculum is applied to the lower layer of the degradable mulching film in a mixed manner, and the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are applied to the upper layer of the degradable mulching film in a mixed manner, the mode can lead crops to grow in the early period, partial organic fertilizer microbial inoculum mixture forms a benign microbial environment in soil under the isolation of the degradable mulching film, and generates a large amount of substances which are beneficial to improving the soil fertility and promoting the growth of the crops, partial organic fertilizer microbial inoculum mixture is diffused in the soil and is utilized by the crops together with the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer on the upper layer to promote the germination of seeds, the root system of the germinated crops penetrates through the degradable mulching film and goes deep into the lower layer to utilize the nutrients on the lower layer, the isolation of the degradable mulching film can improve the temperature of the soil on the lower layer, the evaporation of soil is reduced, the water storage and the soil moisture conservation are achieved, The phosphate fertilizer has little influence and good microbial development effect, and can provide fertilizer required by crop growth; the inventor tests also find that the utilization rate and the slow release effect of the fertilizer are obviously improved by using the mode, the existing highland barley planting and fertilizing method needs to perform topdressing once in the two-leaf one-core period, the jointing period and the inoculation period respectively, the fertilizer dosage is large, soil hardening and soil pH increase can be caused, but by using the fertilizing method of the technical scheme, only one topdressing needs to be performed in the inoculation period, the fertilizer dosage is less than that of the prior art, the soil hardening can be effectively prevented, and the pH increase can be prevented.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 1, the organic fertilizer can increase the content of organic matters in soil, provide nutrients for microorganisms, improve the activity of the microorganisms and enable the soil to have better air permeability, and the microbial agent can decompose acid salts deposited in the soil into nutrients which can be utilized by plant roots; the technical scheme includes that the added microbial agents are Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus terreus, the Bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose chemical fertilizer deposited acid salts in the soil, particularly the phosphorus salts, and the Aspergillus terreus can generate acid by absorbing and decomposing nutrients to reduce the pH of the soil, so that the problem of soil hardening caused by the increase of the pH of the soil and the deposition of the phosphorus salts due to the application of the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer is solved. The method has the advantages that the organic fertilizer and the microorganism are put in the technical scheme, the organic fertilizer is obtained by long-term highland barley planting tests of an inventor in a high-altitude area, the organic fertilizer can provide enough nutrients for the microbial life, the soil fertility can be greatly improved by matching the organic fertilizer and the microorganism, if the organic fertilizer is too large, only the fertilizer around the root system can be absorbed and utilized by the root system of a crop, the redundant fertilizer is easy to run off and waste, if the organic fertilizer is too small, the nutrients provided for the crop and the microorganism are insufficient, the microorganism activity is poor, and the soil fertility is reduced; if the dosage of the adopted microorganism strains is too much, the microorganisms compete with each other to cause nutrient deficiency, so that the activity of the microorganisms is poor, the soil fertility is reduced, and if the dosage of the microorganism strains is too little, compared with the whole soil, the content of active microorganisms in unit area is too little, and the improvement effect on the soil fertility is reduced; the proportion of the bacillus mucilaginosus and the aspergillus terreus selected in the technical scheme is obtained through experiments, if the number ratio of colony forming units is less than 2:3, the effect of decomposing deposited acid salts of a chemical fertilizer is poor, the soil aggregate amount is large, and if the number ratio of colony forming units is more than 5:3, the soil pH adjusting effect is poor, and the soil pH is slightly alkaline. The method is favorable for increasing the air permeability of the soil through ploughing, the plough layer becomes deeper, and the soil layer in the high-altitude area is shallow and thin, the ploughing is 10-30cm, the soil layer on the surface of the crop can be ploughed and scarified, so that the organic fertilizer, the microbial agent and the soil can be fully mixed, if the ploughing depth is less than 10cm, the plough layer can be shallow, the soil layer suitable for the growth of the crop is thin, the root pricking of the crop is not deep, the crop is easy to lodging, the root system in the live soil layer can not be flatly unfolded and deeply, the soil is easy to run off, if the ploughing depth is more than 30cm, the drought and the windiness in the plateau area can aggravate the water loss, and. According to the technical scheme, the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are scattered on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film and are easy to run off, the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer can be adsorbed by mixing with the active adsorbent, the fertilizer loss is reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the slow release effect on the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer can be realized by using the active adsorbent, the slow release of the fertilizer can meet different requirements of each stage of plant growth, and the use amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the active adsorbent meet the requirements of crop growth and adsorption; if the use amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are too large, excessive fertilizer is easy to run off to cause waste, and if the use amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are too small, the growth requirements of crops can not be met; the consumption of the adsorbent is too large, so that the adsorbent competes with crops to absorb nitrogenous fertilizers and phosphatic fertilizers to ensure that the nutrients of the crops are insufficient, and the consumption of the adsorbent is too small, so that a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizers and phosphatic fertilizers are not adsorbed and are easy to lose; meanwhile, after the soil is spread, the fertilizer loss can be reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the soil covering depth is too thin, the soil layer is easy to desertify and run off due to the fact that the high-altitude area is dry and strong in wind power, the soil quantity is large due to the fact that the soil layer is too thick, the soil source capable of being utilized is few due to the fact that the soil layer is thin in the high-altitude area, and the requirement is difficult to meet. According to the technical scheme, through a specific application method, not only can soil hardening be prevented, pH rise be prevented, soil fertility be improved, but also fertility meeting the requirement of highland barley growth can be provided, and through the adsorption effect of the active adsorbent and the staged fertilizer supply by utilizing a nitrogen fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, the slow release performance of the fertilizer is improved, so that the fertility is longer-acting, and the use times and the use amount of the fertilizer are reduced.
In the step 2 of the technical scheme, topdressing is carried out in the incubation period to promote tillering and spiking of the highland barley, the applied nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, humic acid and trace elements can meet the nutrients required by the highland barley, and the humic acid is added to adjust the pH value of the soil, improve the fertility of the soil, promote the activity of microorganisms and prevent the soil from hardening.
In the step 3 of the technical scheme, the soil at the lower layer of the degradable mulching film has higher fertility than the soil at the upper layer under the separation of the degradable mulching film, and various components of the soil can be uniformly mixed through row turning, so that microorganisms can effectively decompose the deposited acid salt of the chemical fertilizer, prevent the pH from rising and improve the overall fertility of the soil; the mulching of the degraded mulching film after plowing can raise the temperature of soil, reduce water evaporation, promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, prevent soil hardening, adjust the pH value of the soil and improve the soil fertility.
It needs to be further explained that the technical scheme is suitable for highland barley planting in high-altitude areas, namely areas with the altitude of more than 1500 m; the degradable mulching film used in the technical scheme is a biodegradable mulching film, and the inventor generally selects the biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.006-0.008 mm, and preferably selects the biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.006 mm; the adsorbent used in the step 1 of the technical scheme is clay mineral or biochar such as bentonite, montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and the like; according to the technical scheme, the colloidal bacillus and the aspergillus terreus used in the step 1 are both conventional commercial products, the strain number of the colloidal bacillus used by an inventor is GIM1.16, and the strain number of the aspergillus terreus is ATCC 32590; the selection of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and trace elements in the technical scheme is a conventional means in the technical field, the inventor generally selects urea fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer selects superphosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer selects potassium chloride fertilizer, the trace elements comprise iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper and molybdenum, and the inventor generally selects the dosage of various trace elements as 0.13-0.5 kg/mu of iron, 0.02-0.5 kg/mu of manganese, 0.03-0.2 kg/mu of zinc, 0.05-0.3 kg/mu of boron, 0.02-0.1 kg/mu of copper and 0.05-0.3 kg/mu of molybdenum; humic acid in the fertilizer is generally potassium humate or sodium humate, the inventor generally selects the humic acid as the potassium humate, the highland barley is a potassium-like crop, the potassium humate can improve the supply of potassium, and the yield of the highland barley is greatly promoted.
Further, the ratio of the number of colony forming units of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus terreus in the step 1 is 4: 3. When the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is less than 4:3, the effect of decomposing deposited acid salt of a chemical fertilizer by microorganisms is poor, the soil aggregate amount is large, and if the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is more than 4:3, the effect of regulating the soil pH of the microorganisms is poor, and the soil pH is slightly alkaline; by using the ratio in the technical scheme, the deposited acid salt of the fertilizer can be effectively decomposed, the pH is prevented from rising, and the soil fertility is improved.
Further, in the step 1, the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the active adsorbent is 4:1, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the microbial agent is 130:1, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 1.8 tons/mu, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 7 kg/mu, and the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 15 kg/mu. According to the technical scheme, the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are scattered on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film and are easy to run off, the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer can be adsorbed by mixing with the active adsorbent, the fertilizer loss is reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the slow release effect on the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer can be realized by using the active adsorbent, the slow release of the fertilizer can meet different requirements of each stage of plant growth, and the use amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the active adsorbent meet the requirements of crop growth and adsorption; if the use amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are too large, excessive fertilizer is easy to run off to cause waste, and if the use amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are too small, the growth requirements of crops can not be met; the consumption of the adsorbent is too large, so that the adsorbent competes with crops to absorb nitrogenous fertilizers and phosphatic fertilizers to ensure that the nutrients of the crops are insufficient, and the consumption of the adsorbent is too small, so that a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizers and phosphatic fertilizers are not adsorbed and are easy to lose; therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved by using the technical scheme, the fertility is longer-acting, and the soil fertility is improved.
Further, after the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the active adsorbent are scattered in the step 1, 5cm of soil is covered. Because the high-altitude area is dry and strong in wind power, the soil covering depth is less than 5cm, the soil layer is easy to desertify and run off, the soil quantity required by the soil covering depth of more than 5cm is large, and because the soil layer in the high-altitude area is thin, the soil source capable of being utilized is less, the requirement is difficult to meet, so that the fertilizer loss can be reduced by applying the soil covering 5cm, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved.
Further, after the degradable mulching film is covered in the step 1, 0.5-3 kg/mu of active adsorbent is uniformly spread on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film. According to the technical scheme, before the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphatic fertilizer are applied, the active adsorbent is applied to the upper layer of the degradable mulching film and is mainly used for adsorbing the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphatic fertilizer which are diffused downwards, the downward diffusion speed of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphatic fertilizer is controlled, when the using amount of the active adsorbent is more than 3kg, the adsorbent and crops compete to absorb the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphatic fertilizer, so that the nutrients of the crops are insufficient, when the using amount of the active adsorbent is less than 0.5kg, a large amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphatic fertilizer are not adsorbed, the loss is easily caused, or the degradable mulching film is penetrated; it should be further explained that the adsorbent used in the technical scheme is clay mineral such as bentonite, montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and the like or biochar.
Further, 0.1-0.5 kg/mu of water-retaining agent is also spread on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film in the step 1, and the water-retaining agent and the active adsorbent spread on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film are uniformly mixed and then uniformly spread on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film. The degradable mulching film can protect the soil at the lower layer, reduce the water evaporation of the soil, but the soil at the upper layer easily loses water in a drought and windy environment in a high-altitude area; according to the technical scheme, the water retaining agent is used for retaining water, evaporation of water on the upper layer is reduced, the air permeability of soil can be increased by retaining water, soil hardening is avoided, and the hydrophilic groups of the water retaining agent can absorb and fix negative, positive and polar groups in the fertilizer in the soil and slowly release the fertilizer for plants to utilize, so that the fertilizer can be saved, and the soil fertility is improved; the water-retaining agent is an organic high molecular polymer, when the water-retaining agent is spread by more than 0.5 kg/mu, the cost is high, too much water-retaining agent can occupy the agglomeration space of fertilizer and soil, and when the water-retaining agent is spread by less than 0.5 kg/mu, the water locking effect is poor.
It is further noted that the water retention agent used in the present technical solution is starch-acrylic acid copolymer, polyacrylate polymer or starch-polyacrylamide copolymer.
Furthermore, a plurality of liquid seepage holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the degraded mulching film in the step 1. This technical scheme sets up the sepage hole on degradation plastic film surface, enables the excessive fertilizer infiltration lower floor in upper strata, avoids the waste of fertilizer, improves the fertilizer utilization ratio, reduces the fertilization number of times, can prevent that soil from hardening, prevents that pH from rising, promotes soil fertility.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium fertilizer is 2.2 kg/mu, the dosage of the humic acid is 0.7 kg/mu, and the dosage of the trace element is 1 kg/mu. The nitrogenous fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the humic acid and the trace elements applied by the technical scheme can meet the nutrients required by the highland barley, and the soil fertility can be improved by adding the humic acid with proper dosage. It is further explained that the humic acid used in the technical scheme is potassium humate.
Further, the plowing depth in the step 3 is 40 cm. The plowing depth is larger than 40cm, the plowing intensity is high, manpower and material resources are wasted, the plowing depth is smaller than 40cm, the soil turning depth is insufficient, and soil components cannot be fully mixed.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the first step of fertilization, the organic fertilizer and the microbial inoculum are used as the bottom layer, and are utilized to maintain the soil, improve the soil fertility, improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil, create a proper ecological environment for the growth of crops, and deal with and solve the problems of soil hardening and pH increase. Aiming at the main fertilizer of highland barley, the added microbial agents are bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus terreus, the bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose deposited acid salts of chemical fertilizers in soil, particularly phosphorus salts, and the aspergillus terreus can reduce the pH of the soil by absorbing and decomposing nutrients to generate acid, so that the problem of soil hardening caused by the increase of the pH of the soil and the deposition of the phosphorus salts due to the application of nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers is solved.
2. In the fertilizer application process, the invention utilizes the degradable mulching film to isolate and apply the organic fertilizer microbial inoculum mixture from the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer, which can obviously improve the effects of preventing soil hardening, preventing pH from rising and improving soil fertility, the inventor finds that the organic fertilizer microbial inoculum mixture is mixed and applied at the lower layer of the degradable mulching film, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer are mixed and applied at the upper layer of the degradable mulching film, the mode can lead partial organic fertilizer microbial inoculum mixture to form a good microbial environment in the soil under the isolation of the degradable mulching film and generate a large amount of substances which are beneficial to improving the soil fertility and promoting the growth of crops, partial organic fertilizer microbial inoculum mixture is diffused in the soil and is utilized by the crops together with the upper nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer to promote seed germination, the root system of the germinated crops penetrates the degradable mulching film and goes deep into the lower layer to utilize the nutrients of the lower, the isolation of the degradable mulching film can improve the temperature of the soil at the lower layer, reduce the water evaporation of the soil, store water and preserve soil moisture, create an independent microbial growth environment for the mixture of organic fertilizers and microbial agents, the microbial growth environment is slightly influenced by nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers, the microbial development effect is good, and meanwhile, fertilizers required by the growth of crops can be provided; the inventor tests also find that the utilization rate and the slow release effect of the fertilizer are obviously improved by using the mode, the existing highland barley planting and fertilizing method needs to perform additional fertilization once in the two-leaf one-core period, the jointing period and the inoculation period respectively, the fertilizer dosage is large, soil hardening and soil pH increase can be caused, but by using the fertilizing method, only one additional fertilization needs to be performed in the inoculation period, the fertilizer dosage is less than that in the prior art, the soil hardening can be effectively prevented, and the pH increase can be prevented.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to a weight ratio of 130:1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then ploughing by 25cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.8 tons/mu, the microbial agent is bacillus mucilaginosus, the strain number is GIM1.16, the strain number is aspergillus terreus, the strain number is a mixed microbial agent of ATCC32590, and the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is 4: 3; covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.006mm on the soil surface after ploughing, uniformly spreading urea, calcium superphosphate fertilizer and bentonite on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film after mixing, covering soil for 5cm after spreading, wherein the using amount of the urea is 7 kg/mu, the using amount of the calcium superphosphate fertilizer is 15 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the urea to the active adsorbent is 4: 1;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, urea, potassium chloride fertilizer and trace elements are mixed and then are topdressed, wherein the dosage of the urea is 6 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium chloride fertilizer is 2.2 kg/mu, the dosage of the trace elements is 1 kg/mu, and the trace elements comprise 0.29 kg/mu of iron, 0.26 kg/mu of manganese, 0.1 kg/mu of zinc, 0.15 kg/mu of boron, 0.06 kg/mu of copper and 0.14 kg/mu of molybdenum;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
Example 2:
this example differs from example 1 in that: after covering the biodegradable mulching film in the step 1, uniformly spreading 2 kg/mu of active adsorbent and 0.3 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film after mixing, and then uniformly spreading urea, calcium superphosphate fertilizer and bentonite on the upper layer after mixing, wherein the water-retaining agent is starch-polyacrylamide copolymer.
Example 3:
this example differs from example 2 in that: in the step 1, a plurality of weeping holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the biodegradable mulching film; in the step 2, 0.7 kg/mu of potassium humate, urea, potassium chloride fertilizer and trace elements are added in the inoculation period of the crops and then are mixed for topdressing.
Example 4:
the invention provides a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to a weight ratio of 110:1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then ploughing by 15cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.3 tons/mu, the microbial agent is bacillus mucilaginosus, the strain numbers GIM1.16 and aspergillus terreus, and the strain number is a mixed microbial agent of ATCC32590, wherein the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus and the aspergillus terreus is 1: 1; covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.007mm on the soil surface after ploughing, uniformly spreading urea, calcium superphosphate fertilizer and bentonite on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film after mixing, covering soil 15cm after spreading, wherein the use amount of the urea is 8 kg/mu, the use amount of the calcium superphosphate fertilizer is 20 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the urea to the active adsorbent is 7: 1;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, urea, potassium chloride fertilizer, potassium humate and trace elements are mixed and then subjected to topdressing, wherein the dosage of the urea is 7 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium chloride fertilizer is 2 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium humate is 1.3 kg/mu, the dosage of the trace elements is 1.5 kg/mu, and the trace elements comprise 0.5 kg/mu of ferrum, 0.43 kg/mu of manganese, 0.2 kg/mu of zinc, 0.14 kg/mu of boron, 0.03 kg/mu of copper and 0.2 kg/mu of molybdenum;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is 35cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
Example 5:
this example differs from example 4 in that: after the biodegradable mulching film is covered in the step 1, 0.3 kg/mu of water-retaining agent is uniformly spread on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film before urea, calcium phosphate and bentonite are spread, and the water-retaining agent is starch-acrylic acid copolymer.
Example 6:
the invention provides a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to a weight ratio of 140:1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then ploughing by 30cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 2 tons/mu, the microbial agent is bacillus mucilaginosus, the strain numbers GIM1.16 and aspergillus terreus, and the strain number is a mixed microbial agent of ATCC32590, and the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus and the aspergillus terreus is 5: 3; covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008mm on the soil surface after ploughing, uniformly spreading 2.5 kg/mu of active adsorbent and 0.5 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film after mixing, uniformly spreading the water-retaining agent starch-polyacrylamide copolymer, then uniformly spreading urea, calcium superphosphate fertilizer and bentonite on the upper layer after mixing, covering 7cm of soil after spreading, wherein the urea dosage is 10 kg/mu, the calcium superphosphate fertilizer dosage is 13 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the urea to the active adsorbent is 3: 1;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, urea, potassium chloride fertilizer, potassium humate and trace elements are mixed and then subjected to topdressing, wherein the dosage of the urea is 5 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium chloride fertilizer is 1 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium humate is 0.8 kg/mu, the dosage of the trace elements is 0.7 kg/mu, and the trace elements comprise 0.22 kg/mu of ferrum, 0.25 kg/mu of manganese, 0.03 kg/mu of zinc, 0.07 kg/mu of boron, 0.04 kg/mu of copper and 0.09 kg/mu of molybdenum;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is 50cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
Example 7:
this example differs from example 6 in that: 1. in the step 1 of the embodiment, a plurality of weeping holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the biodegradable mulching film; 2. the potassium humate used in step 2 of example 6 was replaced with sodium humate.
Example 8:
the invention provides a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to a weight ratio of 150:1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then ploughing by 10cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 2.5 tons/mu, the microbial agent is bacillus mucilaginosus, the strain numbers GIM1.16 and aspergillus terreus, and the strain number is a mixed microbial agent of ATCC32590, wherein the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is 2: 3; covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008mm on the surface of the soil after ploughing, uniformly distributing a plurality of liquid seepage holes on the surface of the biodegradable mulching film, uniformly spreading urea, calcium superphosphate fertilizer and bentonite on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film after mixing, covering 3cm of soil after spreading, wherein the using amount of the urea is 12 kg/mu, the using amount of the calcium superphosphate fertilizer is 7 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the urea to the active adsorbent is 5: 1;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, urea, potassium chloride fertilizer, potassium humate and trace elements are mixed and then subjected to topdressing, wherein the dosage of the urea is 3 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium chloride fertilizer is 3 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium humate is 0.1 kg/mu, the dosage of the trace elements is 0.3 kg/mu, and the dosage of the trace elements comprises 0.13 kg/mu of ferrum, 0.02 kg/mu of manganese, 0.03 kg/mu of zinc, 0.05 kg/mu of boron, 0.02 kg/mu of copper and 0.05 kg/mu of molybdenum;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is 55cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
Example 9:
the invention provides a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to a weight ratio of 120:1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then ploughing by 20cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 2.5 tons/mu, the microbial agent is bacillus mucilaginosus, the strain number is GIM1.16, the strain number is aspergillus terreus, the strain number is a mixed microbial agent of ATCC32590, and the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is 4: 3; covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.006mm on the soil surface after ploughing, uniformly spreading 0.5 kg/mu of active adsorbent and 0.4 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film after mixing, wherein the water-retaining agent is polyacrylate polymer, then uniformly spreading urea, calcium superphosphate fertilizer and bentonite on the upper layer after mixing, covering soil for 3cm after spreading, the using amount of the urea is 12 kg/mu, the using amount of the calcium superphosphate fertilizer is 16 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the urea to the active adsorbent is 5: 1; a plurality of weeping holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the biodegradable mulching film;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, urea, potassium chloride fertilizer, potassium humate and trace elements are mixed and then subjected to topdressing, wherein the dosage of the urea is 3 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium chloride fertilizer is 2 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium humate is 0.6 kg/mu, the dosage of the trace elements is 1.9 kg/mu, and the trace elements comprise 0.5 kg/mu of ferrum, 0.5 kg/mu of manganese, 0.2 kg/mu of zinc, 0.3 kg/mu of boron, 0.1 kg/mu of copper and 0.3 kg/mu of molybdenum;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
Example 10:
the invention provides a fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to the weight ratio of 145:1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then ploughing by 27cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.5 tons/mu, the microbial agent is bacillus mucilaginosus, the strain number is GIM1.16, the strain number is aspergillus terreus, the strain number is a mixed microbial agent of ATCC32590, and the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is 2: 3; covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008mm on the surface of the soil after ploughing, uniformly distributing a plurality of liquid seepage holes on the surface of the biodegradable mulching film, uniformly spreading a mixture of 3 kg/mu of active adsorbent and 0.1 kg/mu of water-retaining agent on the upper layer of the biodegradable mulching film, uniformly spreading the mixture of urea, calcium superphosphate fertilizer and bentonite on the upper layer, covering soil 10cm after spreading, wherein the urea dosage is 3 kg/mu, the calcium superphosphate fertilizer dosage is 7 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the urea to the active adsorbent is 6: 1;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the crop inoculation period, urea, potassium chloride fertilizer, potassium humate and trace elements are mixed and then subjected to topdressing, wherein the dosage of the urea is 6 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium chloride fertilizer is 2.3 kg/mu, the dosage of the potassium humate is 1.1 kg/mu, the dosage of the trace elements is 1.6 kg/mu, and the trace elements comprise 0.45 kg/mu of ferrum, 0.41 kg/mu of manganese, 0.15 kg/mu of zinc, 0.3 kg/mu of boron, 0.07 kg/mu of copper and 0.22 kg/mu of molybdenum;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is 60cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
Comparative experiment 1:
the control group differs from example 1 in that: in the step 1, the surface of the soil is not covered with a biodegradable mulching film, and urea, calcium phosphate and bentonite are uniformly mixed and then are uniformly spread on the upper layer of the ploughed soil.
Comparative experiment 2:
the control group differs from example 2 in that: in the step 1, the surface of the soil is not covered with a biodegradable mulching film, and urea, calcium phosphate and bentonite are uniformly mixed and then are uniformly spread on the upper layer of the ploughed soil.
Comparative experiment 3:
the control group differs from example 3 in that: in the step 1, the surface of the soil is not covered with a biodegradable mulching film, and urea, calcium phosphate and bentonite are uniformly mixed and then are uniformly spread on the upper layer of the ploughed soil.
Comparative experiment 4:
the control group differs from example 4 in that: in the step 1, the surface of the soil is not covered with a biodegradable mulching film, and urea, calcium phosphate and bentonite are uniformly mixed and then are uniformly spread on the upper layer of the ploughed soil.
Comparative experiment 5:
the control group differs from example 5 in that: in the step 1, the surface of the soil is not covered with a biodegradable mulching film, and urea, calcium phosphate and bentonite are uniformly mixed and then are uniformly spread on the upper layer of the ploughed soil.
Comparative test 6:
the control group differs from example 2 in that: the dosage of the active adsorbent is 4 kg/mu, and the dosage of the water-retaining agent is 0.5 kg/mu.
Comparative test 7:
the control group differs from example 2 in that: the dosage of the active adsorbent is 0.3 kg/mu, and the dosage of the water-retaining agent is 0.07 kg/mu.
The planting test of the fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening in embodiments 1 to 10 of the present invention is as follows:
1. test site: sichuan province Ganzui Tibetan autonomous Zhou Baiyu county
2. Testing highland barley varieties: spring highland barley
3. And (3) test treatment: highland barley planting and applying tests are carried out in high-altitude areas according to the applying methods of the embodiments 1 to 10 to serve as test groups 1 to 10, comparison tests 1 to 7 serve as comparison groups 1 to 7, local conventional applying methods are carried out to carry out planting and applying as a comparison group 8, highland barley is harvested immediately after being ripe, and soil pH, organic matter content, water content and soil volume weight on the day of harvesting and 30 days after harvesting are respectively detected.
4. And (3) test results:
TABLE 1 highland barley yield and soil index on the day of harvest
TABLE 2 soil indices 30 days after harvesting of highland barley
The pH value, organic matters and water content of the soil can reflect the soil environment and fertility condition, neutral soil with the pH value between 6.5 and 7.5 is suitable for the growth of most crops, and the higher the organic matters and water content is, the more fertile the soil is; the soil volume weight is an index for judging the soil tightness degree, generally, the volume weight ratio of the soil with good structure and loose soil is lower, the volume weight of the tightly hardened soil is higher, and the soil hardening condition can be directly reflected.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the yield of highland barley is significantly increased by the application method of examples 1 to 10 compared with the control group 8 which is planted and applied according to the local conventional application method, and the indexes of soil pH, organic matter content, water content and soil volume weight are superior to those of the control group 8; through the comparison of the numerical values of the test groups 1-5 and the control groups 1-5, the highland barley yield can be obviously increased by covering the degradable mulching film in the step 1, the indexes of soil pH, organic matter content, water content and soil volume weight are better, the soil hardening and pH increase can be effectively prevented, and the soil fertility is enhanced; through comparison of numerical values in tables 1 and 2, it is found that the soil can be further recuperated by turning over the soil after highland barley is harvested in the application method of examples 1 to 10, microorganisms and fertilizers remained in the soil can be obtained, the pH of the soil tends to be neutral 30 days after harvesting, the water loss in the soil is less, the volume weight of the soil is increased more obviously, the content of organic matters is increased, and the soil fertility is increased obviously.
After the degraded mulching film is covered in the step 1, the water-retaining agent is spread on the upper layer of the degraded mulching film, which is favorable for reducing water loss in soil, and as can be seen from the test results of the examples 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10, which are spread with the water-retaining agent, the soil water content of the examples on the day of harvesting is obviously higher than that of the other examples, and the water content measured 30 days after harvesting is also obviously higher than that of the other examples, so that the water-retaining agent is added to obviously improve the soil water content; after the degraded mulching film is covered in the step 1, the nutrient loss can be reduced by spreading an active adsorbent on the degraded mulching film, and as can be seen from the test results of the examples 1 and 2, the average yield and the soil organic matter content of the example 2 added with the active adsorbent are obviously higher than those of the example 1, so that the effect of adding the active adsorbent on improving the soil fertility is obvious; as can be seen from the test data of the examples 2, 3 and 6 and 7, a plurality of liquid seepage holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the degraded mulch film in the step 1, and the highland barley yield and the soil index are superior to those of the test without the active adsorbent or the water-retaining agent; therefore, in the step 1, after the degradable mulching film is covered, the active adsorbent or the water-retaining agent is added, and a plurality of liquid seepage holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the degradable mulching film, so that beneficial promotion effects on the yield of the highland barley and soil indexes are generated.
Further, the inventor finds that the optimal dosage range of the active adsorbent and the water-retaining agent spread on the upper layer of the degraded mulching film after the degraded mulching film is covered in the step 1 is 0.5-3 kg/mu of the active adsorbent and 0.1-0.5 kg/mu of the water-retaining agent through repeated tests, so that the water content and the organic matter content of the soil can be kept at higher levels; the soil tested by the inventor outside the above numerical range has low water content and organic matter content because the excessive active adsorbent and water retention agent, such as comparative example 6, can adsorb a large amount of nutrients and water to reduce the nutrients and water in the soil, but accelerate the water evaporation and nutrient loss, so that the adsorption and water retention performance is affected, and the insufficient active adsorbent and water retention agent, such as comparative example 7, has insufficient nutrient and water adsorption and water retention effects.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The fertilizer application method for preventing soil hardening is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, base fertilizer application: fermenting animal wastes to obtain an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to the weight ratio of 110: 1-150: 1, uniformly spreading the mixture in a land, and then turning over for 10-30cm, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.3-2.5 tons/mu, the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus mucilaginosus and aspergillus terreus, and the colony forming unit number ratio of the bacillus mucilaginosus to the aspergillus terreus is 2: 3-5: 3; covering a degradable mulching film on the surface of the soil after ploughing, uniformly spreading a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and an active adsorbent on the upper layer of the degradable mulching film after mixing, covering soil for 3-15 cm after spreading, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3-12 kg/mu, the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 7-20 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the active adsorbent is 3: 1-7: 1;
step 2, applying additional fertilizer: in the inoculation period of crops, mixing nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, humic acid and trace elements, and then performing topdressing, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3-7 kg/mu, the dosage of the potash fertilizer is 1-3 kg/mu, the dosage of the humic acid is 0.1-1.3 kg/mu, and the dosage of the trace elements is 0.3-1.9 kg/mu;
step 3, ploughing: ploughing the soil after harvesting the crops, wherein the ploughing depth is more than or equal to 35cm, and covering a degradable mulching film on the soil surface after ploughing.
2. The method of applying a chemical fertilizer for preventing soil hardening as set forth in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the number of colony forming units of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus terreus in step 1 is 4: 3.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the active adsorbent is 4:1, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the microbial agent is 130:1, the amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.8 tons/mu, the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 7 kg/mu, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 15 kg/mu.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, soil is covered by 5cm after nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and active adsorbent are spread.
5. The method for applying a chemical fertilizer to prevent soil hardening according to claim 1, wherein 0.5 to 3 kg/mu of active adsorbent is uniformly spread on the upper layer of the degraded mulching film after the degraded mulching film is covered in step 1.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein 0.1-0.5 kg/mu of water-retaining agent is further applied to the upper layer of the degradable mulching film in step 1, and the water-retaining agent is uniformly mixed with the active adsorbent applied to the upper layer of the degradable mulching film and then uniformly applied to the upper layer of the degradable mulching film.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of weeping holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the degraded mulch film in step 1.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu, the amount of potassium fertilizer is 2.2 kg/mu, the amount of humic acid is 0.7 kg/mu, and the amount of trace elements is 1 kg/mu.
9. The method of applying a chemical fertilizer to prevent soil hardening as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plowing depth in step 3 is 40 cm.
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