CN110591725B - Acid soil improvement additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Acid soil improvement additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110591725B CN110591725B CN201910947329.1A CN201910947329A CN110591725B CN 110591725 B CN110591725 B CN 110591725B CN 201910947329 A CN201910947329 A CN 201910947329A CN 110591725 B CN110591725 B CN 110591725B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixture A, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 20-30 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs. The invention also discloses a mixture B, which comprises 40-50 parts of the mixture A, 10-20 parts of quicklime, 5-10 parts of dry chicken manure and 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent. The invention also discloses an acid soil improvement additive, which comprises a mixture B and EM rejuvenation liquid sprayed on the surface of soil to be improved. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the acid soil improvement additive. The invention also discloses an acid soil improvement method. The acid soil improvement additive disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, and can effectively increase the pH value of soil, remarkably improve the nutrient reserve of the soil and improve the volume weight and porosity of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and soil environment repair, and particularly relates to an acid soil improvement additive and preparation and application methods thereof.
Background
The development of the facility agriculture has very important significance in stabilizing the vegetable market, ensuring the effective supply of vegetables, increasing the income of farmers and the like. In recent years, with the rapid development of the vegetable industry of the protected area, particularly the vegetable planting area of the protected area for long-time continuous cropping, the soil degradation phenomenon is serious, and the sustainable development of the vegetables in the protected area is greatly influenced.
The high-temperature and high-humidity environment of facility agriculture accelerates the decomposition of organic matters to generate organic acid and humic acid, simultaneously the buffering capacity of the soil is reduced, and the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers reduces the concentration of base ions in the soil to cause soil acidification. Soil acidification of the greenhouse vegetable field causes deterioration of physical and chemical properties of the soil, and simultaneously destroys distribution and activity of soil microorganisms, so that vegetable crops are in adverse growth environment, growth and development are affected, and yield and quality of the crops are reduced.
Unreasonable irrigation and fertilization of the facility vegetable field lead a large amount of salt in the soil to be continuously accumulated to the earth surface under the strong evaporation effect, thereby causing secondary salinization of the soil. Soil secondary salinization damages the granular structure of soil, influences normal absorption of crops to water and nutrients, is not beneficial to growth of vegetables, and has adverse effect on microbial activity of soil, thereby causing reduction of crop yield and quality.
Due to the influences of excessive input of water and fertilizer, secondary salinization of soil, soil acidification and the like, soil is hardened, a soil aggregate structure is damaged, the density is increased, the porosity is reduced, and the air permeability is poor. Thereby destroying the balance of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil and weakening the water and fertilizer retention function of the soil; the soil ecological environment is worsened, the biological activity of crops and soil microorganisms is directly inhibited, the material circulation and the life process in the ecological systems of other people are influenced, the normal soil fertility is declined, and the soil quality is reduced.
The soil improvement is a process of adopting corresponding physical, biological or chemical measures aiming at the bad texture and structure of soil, improving the soil property, improving the soil fertility, increasing the crop yield and improving the soil environment for human survival.
Soil conditioners, also known as soil conditioners, are materials which are mainly used for improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and making the soil more suitable for plant growth, but not mainly used for providing plant nutrients. Soil acidification, salinization and hardening are important restriction factors influencing the yield and quality formation of soil-cultured crops, and how to balance the soil acidity and alkalinity and improve the soil permeability becomes a key problem to be solved urgently for improving the soil, improving the soil productivity and promoting the quality improvement of the crop products.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of acidification, salinization, hardening and the like of soil caused by the heavy use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the invention provides an acid soil improvement additive by taking rice straws, pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and lentinus edodes mushroom dregs as main raw materials, applying the modified materials into the soil and adding EM rejuvenation liquid to achieve the purposes of improving the pH value of the soil, improving the nutrient reserve of the soil and improving the volume weight and porosity of the soil.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of an acid soil improvement additive.
The invention finally aims to solve the technical problem of providing the application of the acid soil improvement additive.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a mixture A, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 20-30 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs.
The invention also comprises a mixture B, wherein the mixture B comprises 40-50 parts of the mixture A, 10-20 parts of quicklime, 5-10 parts of dry chicken manure and 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent.
Wherein the water retaining agent is MP3005KM water retaining agent produced by France Edison.
The invention further provides an acid soil improvement additive, which comprises the mixture B and the EM rejuvenation liquid sprayed on the surface of the soil to be improved.
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture B to the EM rejuvenation liquid is 3: 1.
Wherein the EM rejuvenation liquid is obtained by mixing EM stock solution, molasses and distilled water according to a ratio of 1:2:97, and hermetically fermenting at 37 ℃ for 10-15 days, and deflating once every 2-4 days.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the acid soil improvement additive, and the preparation method of the mixture B comprises the following steps:
1) drying 10-20 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 20-30 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs in the sun, uniformly mixing, and pyrolyzing at the high temperature of 250-350 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixture A;
2) uniformly mixing 40-50 parts of the mixture A obtained in the step 1), 10-20 parts of quick lime, 5-10 parts of dry chicken manure and 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture B.
The invention also comprises the mixture A, the mixture B and the application of the acid soil improvement additive in improving acid soil.
The invention further provides an acid soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps:
1) drying 10-20 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 20-30 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs in the sun, uniformly mixing, and pyrolyzing at the high temperature of 250-350 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
2) uniformly mixing 40-50 parts of the mixture A obtained in the step 1), 10-20 parts of quick lime, 5-10 parts of dry chicken manure and 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture B;
3) before transplanting crops, firstly, the mixture B is spread on the soil surface to uniformly cover the soil surface, then the mixture B is turned into a soil layer of 0-15cm, and the soil of the soil layer of 0-15cm and the mixture B are uniformly mixed;
4) and (3) spraying EM rejuvenation liquid on the soil surface.
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture B to the soil is 3:15, and the mass ratio of the EM rejuvenation liquid to the soil is 1: 15.
The invention adopts a spray irrigation method to uniformly spray and irrigate water to control the water content of the soil to be not lower than 65% of field water capacity. The spray irrigation method can ensure that moisture can be fully retained after entering the water-retaining agent, and the existence of the moisture can promote the reaction between the mixture and soil ions.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, the pyrolyzed edible fungus residues are used for providing alkaline organic raw materials, and the alkaline organic raw materials are matched with water stored in the water-retaining agent, so that the acid-base reaction of soil is accelerated. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can be used for increasing the pH value of soil, improving the nutrient storage of the soil and improving the volume weight and porosity of the soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
And (3) reagent sources: the water-retaining agent used in the invention is MP3005KM water-retaining agent (produced by France Edison company), EM stock solution is produced by Limonile environmental protection biotechnology (Nanjing) Limited company, and molasses produced by Guangxi Liuzhou is used.
Example 1: preparation of mixture B
1) Drying 15 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 25 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs in the sun, uniformly mixing, and pyrolyzing at the high temperature of 250-350 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
2) uniformly mixing 45 parts of the mixture A obtained in the step 1), 15 parts of quicklime, 8 parts of dried chicken manure and 2 parts of water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture B.
Example 2 preparation of mixture B
1) Drying 10 parts of rice straw, 20 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 20 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs in the sun, uniformly mixing, and pyrolyzing at the high temperature of 250-350 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
2) uniformly mixing 40 parts of the mixture A obtained in the step 1), 10 parts of quicklime, 5 parts of dried chicken manure and 1 part of water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture B.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of mixture B
1) Drying and uniformly mixing 20 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 30 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs, and pyrolyzing at the high temperature of 250-350 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
2) uniformly mixing 50 parts of the mixture A obtained in the step 1), 20 parts of quicklime, 10 parts of dried chicken manure and 2 parts of water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture B.
Example 4 preparation and application of acid soil improvement additive
The mixture B obtained in the example 1 is selected and applied before the crops are transplanted, and the mixture B is firstly scattered on the soil surface during application so as to uniformly cover the soil surface and ensure that the soil cannot be seen. And turning the mixture B into a soil layer of 0-15cm, and uniformly mixing the soil of the soil layer of 0-15cm with the mixture B. The mass ratio of the mixture B to the soil is 3:15, then the water content of the soil is uniformly controlled to be not lower than 65% of field water capacity by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method (the water can be fully retained after entering the water-retaining agent, and the reaction between the mixture and soil ions can be promoted by the existence of the water). And after the completion, spraying the EM rejuvenation liquid on the soil surface, wherein the mass ratio of the EM rejuvenation liquid to the soil is 1: 15. Mixing EM solution, molasses and distilled water at a ratio of 1:2:97, and fermenting at 37 deg.C for 12 days while degassing once every 3 days.
The test is carried out in a test base in the Hunan Shennongxi sightseeing agricultural ecological industrial park. The experimental design blank control treatment (CK), the treatment with the mixture B directly, the treatment without the EM rejuvenation solution (S1) and the treatment with the mixture B and the addition of the EM rejuvenation solution simultaneously (S2) are carried out, and 6 crops are cultivated in 2017-2018. The main soil test data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical indexes of soil
The different letter designations in the table are significantly different at a statistical level of 0.05 (according to Duncan's multiple range test)
As can be seen in Table 1, the invention remarkably improves soil organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and total phosphorus, soil pH and porosity, and reduces soil volume weight.
Claims (7)
1. The acid soil improvement additive is characterized by consisting of a mixture B and EM rejuvenation liquid sprayed on the surface of soil to be improved, wherein the mixture B comprises 40-50 parts of a mixture A, 10-20 parts of quicklime, 5-10 parts of dry chicken manure and 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent, and the mixture A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dreg and 20-30 parts of shiitake mushroom dreg, wherein the EM rejuvenation liquid is obtained by mixing EM stock solution, molasses and distilled water according to a ratio of 1:2:97, sealing and fermenting at 37 ℃ for 10-15 days, and discharging gas once every 2-4 days.
2. The acidic soil improvement additive according to claim 1, wherein said water retaining agent is MP3005KM water retaining agent manufactured by Essen, France.
3. The acid soil improvement additive according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture B to the EM rejuvenation liquid is 3: 1.
4. The method for preparing an acid soil improvement additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for preparing the mixture B comprises the steps of:
1) drying 10-20 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 20-30 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs in the sun, uniformly mixing, and pyrolyzing at the high temperature of 250-350 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixture A;
2) uniformly mixing 40-50 parts of the mixture A obtained in the step 1), 10-20 parts of quick lime, 5-10 parts of dry chicken manure and 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture B.
5. Use of the acid soil improvement additive of claim 1 for improving acid soil.
6. An acid soil improvement method, characterized in that the improvement method comprises the following steps:
1) drying 10-20 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom dregs and 20-30 parts of shiitake mushroom dregs in the sun, uniformly mixing, and pyrolyzing at the high temperature of 250-350 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
2) uniformly mixing 40-50 parts of the mixture A obtained in the step 1), 10-20 parts of quick lime, 5-10 parts of dry chicken manure and 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent to obtain a mixture B;
3) before transplanting crops, firstly, the mixture B is spread on the soil surface to uniformly cover the soil surface, then the mixture B is turned into a soil layer of 0-15cm, and the soil of the soil layer of 0-15cm and the mixture B are uniformly mixed;
4) spraying EM rejuvenation liquid on the soil surface, wherein the EM rejuvenation liquid is obtained by mixing EM stock solution, molasses and distilled water according to the ratio of 1:2:97, and performing sealed fermentation at 37 ℃ for 10-15 days, and deflating once every 2-4 days.
7. The method for improving acid soil according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture B to the soil is 3:15, and the mass ratio of the EM rejuvenation liquid to the soil is 1: 15.
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Inventor after: Chen Jingnan Inventor after: Mao Xinyi Inventor after: Yang Xu Inventor after: Lu Xinyu Inventor after: Zhai Yaming Inventor before: Mao Xinyi Inventor before: Yang Xu Inventor before: Lu Xinyu Inventor before: Zhai Yaming |
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Effective date of registration: 20221014 Address after: Room 1, 2, 4, 8th Floor, Unit 7, Building No. 7, Building No. 8, High-rise Office Building, No. 16, Yezhihu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430000 Patentee after: WUHAN XIUGU TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Address before: No. 3510, floor 35, building 1, No. 500, middle section of Tianfu Avenue, Chengdu hi tech Zone, China (Sichuan) pilot Free Trade Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 Patentee before: Sichuan qianyiding Technology Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20221014 Address after: No. 3510, floor 35, building 1, No. 500, middle section of Tianfu Avenue, Chengdu hi tech Zone, China (Sichuan) pilot Free Trade Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 Patentee after: Sichuan qianyiding Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Xikang Road, Gulou District of Nanjing city of Jiangsu Province, No. 1 210098 Patentee before: HOHAI University |