CN110318277A - 一种烂花织物的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种烂花织物的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN110318277A
CN110318277A CN201910410477.XA CN201910410477A CN110318277A CN 110318277 A CN110318277 A CN 110318277A CN 201910410477 A CN201910410477 A CN 201910410477A CN 110318277 A CN110318277 A CN 110318277A
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CN110318277B (zh
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郑涛
鲍芳
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SHANGHAI YONGZI FASHION Co Ltd
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SHANGHAI YONGZI FASHION Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2021566022A priority patent/JP7365072B2/ja
Priority to US17/595,053 priority patent/US12110633B2/en
Priority to EP19928689.9A priority patent/EP3964643A4/en
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种烂花织物的制造方法,包括:(1)对坯布进行预处理;(2)采用包括硫酸、合成龙胶和海藻酸钠的烂花浆对经过预处理的坯布进行烂花处理;(3)对经过烂花处理的坯布进行后处理得到烂花织物。本发明的制造方法工艺简单、成本低廉、易于实现,本发明的制造方法得到的烂花织物花型美观、轮廓清晰、富有立体感、品质高。

Description

一种烂花织物的制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于织造领域,具体地,本发明涉及一种烂花织物的制造方法。
背景技术
烂花工艺是在两种或两种以上纤维组成的织物,如棉、粘胶、麻、蚕丝、锦纶、涤纶等,在它们表面印上腐蚀性化学药品(如硫酸、AlCl3等)经烘干、处理使某一纤维组分破坏而形成图案的印花工艺,一般多用于丝绒织物。这种花纹或凹凸有序,或呈半透明状,装饰性强。或者,也可以在印浆中加入适当耐受性染料,在烂掉某一纤维组分的同时使另一组分纤维着色,获得彩色烂花效应。
目前,烂花印花方法可以采用直接印花法,也可以采用防染印花法。但是,在生产过程中,由于工艺的限制,制成的烂花织物往往会出现烂花部位的透明度不够、花型轮廓线不清晰等问题,或者出现多花、少花、断线等问题,影响了烂花织物的整体质量。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的是针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供一种烂花织物的制造方法。
具体来说,本发明通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种烂花织物的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)对坯布进行预处理;
(2)采用包括硫酸、合成龙胶和海藻酸钠的烂花浆对经过预处理的坯布进行烂花处理;
(3)对经过烂花处理的坯布进行后处理得到烂花织物。
进一步地,在步骤(1)中,所述坯布是通过对包芯纱依次进行络筒、热定捻、整经、络纬、浆纱和织造而得到。
进一步地,所述包芯纱以疏水性涤纶长丝为纱芯并外包亲水性棉纤维;所述包芯纱的捻系数的范围是300~450;所述包芯纱的棉包覆率范围是43%~48%。
进一步地,所述热定捻采用的设备是真空热定型锅;所述真空热定型锅的真空度是1~2个大气压、温度是90℃~100℃,捻度稳定率是内层为60%~80%、外层为75%~85%。
进一步地,所述浆纱是采用浆液渗透和被覆同时进行的高温上浆。
进一步地,在步骤(1)中,所述预处理包括:将所述坯布缝头、水洗、氧漂和第一次烘干。
进一步地,在步骤(2)中,所述烂花浆包括:98%的硫酸30~50重量份、合成龙胶40~60重量份和海藻酸钠5~15重量份。
进一步地,在步骤(3)中,所述后处理包括:第二次烘干、汽蒸、洗涤和干燥。
进一步地,所述汽蒸的温度是108℃~112℃,时间是4~6分钟。
进一步地,所述洗涤是采用碱性洗涤液在45℃~50℃洗涤13~17分钟。
相比于现有技术,本发明的烂花织物的制造方法至少具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明的烂花织物的制造方法工艺简单、易于实现、成本低;整个制造过程不需要使用有害的化学制剂,从而不会对操作者造成危害或对环境造成不利影响。
(2)本发明的烂花织物的制造方法所生产的烂花织物品质高,花型的轮廓线清晰、不渗花、不多花、不少花、不断线、花型美观、套版准确。
具体实施方式
为充分了解本发明之目的、特征及功效,借由下述具体的实施方式,对本发明做详细说明,但本发明并不仅仅限于此。为了充分了解本发明的目的、特征及功效,通过下述具体实施方式,对本发明作详细说明。本发明的工艺方法除下述内容外,其余均采用本领域的常规方法或装置。
针对目前烂花织物制造过程中存在的诸多问题,本发明的发明人对制造工艺进行改进从而提出了一种烂花织物的制造方法。该制造方法包括:(1)对坯布进行预处理;(2)采用包括硫酸、合成龙胶和海藻酸钠的烂花浆对经过预处理的坯布进行烂花处理;(3)对经过烂花处理的坯布进行后处理得到烂花织物。
在一种优选的具体实施方式中,本发明的烂花织物的制造方法包括如下步骤:
第一步,对坯布进行预处理。
本发明的制造方法可以采用目前已有的坯布,例如,涤/棉包芯白布、涤/棉混纺布等。
为了便于后续烂花处理步骤的进行并保证烂花部分具有良好的透明度,本发明的发明人对坯布的织造方法进行优化。在该织造方法中,包芯纱以疏水性涤纶长丝为纱芯并外包亲水性棉纤维,该包芯纱的捻系数的范围是300~450,棉包覆率范围是43%~48%。发明人通过研究发现,包芯纱以疏水性涤纶长丝为纱芯并外包亲水性棉纤维,能够使最终制得的烂花织物的弹性好。包芯纱捻系数的大小与烂花织物质量关系非常密切,捻系数过小,会使烂花处理以后,长丝部分手感不爽,缺少绢筛网风格;同时,长丝加捻以后,其产品容易起毛,影响使用寿命;在织造坯布的过程中,外层包棉部分也容易因摩擦而起棉球;如果捻系数过大,在织造中易产生扭结纱。因此,本发明的发明人将包芯纱的捻系数选择在300~450,从而既能实现较长的使用寿命,又能避免起棉球、产生扭结纱等问题。此外,本发明的发明人还将包芯纱的棉包覆率范围选定在43%~48%,从而有利于最终产品花型突出、立体感强。
本发明采用的坯布的织造方法具体包括如下步骤:
(a)络筒,检查均匀度并清除纺疵。
由于包芯纱纺疵较多,加之涤纶长丝比较光滑,在络筒机上宜采用梳针式的清纱器,以提高清除纱疵效率。梳针隔距以0.3~0.4mm为宜。接头形式采用织布结,要求织头小、紧、牢,防止脱结。络筒张力务必适当,如络筒张力太大,筒子卷绕过紧,会影响内层定捻效果;反之,如筒卷绕过松,会影响定捻后筒子成形质量,增加整经退绕困难。本步骤采用双踏盘开口装置,这是因为采用双踏盘开口装置后,两次平综,可适当错开,不但可以减少经纱与经纱、经纱与综丝之间的摩擦,降低织造时的经纱断头,而且对提高梭口开口清晰度,减少三踏疵点也有一定效果。
烂花织物的经、纬向紧度,经、纬向密度都比较接近,纬向缩率较一般纯棉平纹织物为大,而且涤纶长丝光洁,容易拉伸,如果边撑装置对布面的伸幅作用不良,在织造中极易造成断边或边撑疵布,为此,对边撑机构有较高的要求。在本发明中,边撑刺辊采用铜环边撑刺辊,铜刺环的规格:刺环为16片,齿高1毫米。此外,卷布刺毛辊铁皮也要求锋利一些,卷布辊弹簧力也要大一些,以保证织造时,边撑机构对布面有足够的伸幅力。
织布车间温度在20℃~28℃,相对湿度在60%-75%。发明人通过研究发现,该温度范围可以最大限度的保持织物性能稳定,并且最大限度的减少纱线断裂,同时还不会引起形变,尤其是不易引起脆断;而该相对湿度范围可以减少静电产生,避免起毛,同时该湿度范围对人体舒适度有益。
(b)热定捻
本步骤对坯布的织造十分关键,原因是:发明人通过研究发明,烂花织物使用的涤棉包芯纱中的纱芯为涤纶长丝,因涤纶长丝弹性较好,加之成纱捻度较高,在织造过程中,经、纬纱张力稍有松驰,容易产生扭结纱,影响织物质量。因此,烂花织物使用的经、纬包芯纱在络筒后,必须经过热定捻处理,才能进行整经和络纬,供浆纱和织机使用。通过热定捻处理,能够减少织造时的脱纬、纬缩及起圈等现象,提高织物的织造性能及质量。
在本发明中,热定捻设备采用真空热定型锅,定捻工艺要求:包芯纱筒子重量为1200g,热定型锅真空度为1~2个大气压,温度为90℃~100℃,捻度稳定率内层为60%~80%、外层为75%~85%。通过前述的参数组合,能够在减少脱纬、纬缩及起圈等方面达到最佳的效果。
(c)整经和络纬
整经采用高速整经机复式筒子架分批换筒时,可以根据刺经张力侧测定仪测定的数据,分段配置不同重量的张力图,以降低张力不匀率。采用分段换筒,由于筒子直径不同,张力差异较大,则没有必要采取分段办法配置张力图。在本发明中,张力图分段配置,例如,可分三段配置,前段8克,中段7克,后段6克;如不分段时,张力图全部采用9克。
(d)浆纱
包芯纱通过上浆,既能使外包棉纤维与涤纶长丝之间紧密的抱合,又能在包芯纱表面被覆一层浆膜,这样不仅提高了包芯纱的强力,同时也增加了织造的耐磨程度。在本发明中,由于包芯纱的纱芯为疏水性的涤纶长丝、外包亲水性的棉纤维,同时成纱的捻度又较高,因此,发明人在浆纱处理中采用浆液渗透与被覆并举、前重后轻的双压浆辊、高温(温度范围55-65摄氏度)上浆的工艺路线,同时要执行低上浆、低回潮、小张力、小伸长的工艺标准。压浆辊表面要有很好弹性,因此优选采用橡胶压浆辊。
浆纱采用的浆料可采用变性玉米淀粉与PVC(聚氯乙烯)、CMC(羧甲基纤维素钠)混合浆,或采用以PVC、CMC、PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)为主体的化学浆。优选的,采用的浆料可以是玉米淀粉55%重量、PVC30%重量和CMC15%重量的混合浆。
(e)织造
织造用筘对最终的坯布影响大,针对烂花织物经、纬纱排列均匀的特点,本发明采用筘号数较高的钢筘,工制筘号数不低于190,它对改善产品质量的效果比较显著。在实际生产中,穿筘时最好每筘穿一根经纱,最多每筘穿二根经纱。
织造完毕获得棉涤双层织物即为本发明制造烂花织物所使用的坯布。
在获得坯布之后,对坯布进行预处理,预处理具体包括如下步骤:
首先,缝头:为了在进行烂花处理时坯布不易散开且坚固耐用,优选采用涤纶线缝头。
然后,水洗:将缝头后的坯布放入清水中漂洗,例如,可以采用45℃的清水漂洗60分钟。
随后,氧漂:采用氧漂方法(双氧水和彩漂粉),将水洗后的坯布放入氧漂剂中,该氧漂剂温度约为80~88℃,漂洗30分钟~45分钟。
最后,第一次烘干:将漂洗后的织物推进烘房,且保持织物平整,进行烘干。例如,烘房温度约92℃;用时15分钟。
第二步,烂花处理。
采用烂花浆对经过预处理的坯布进行烂花处理。本发明的发明人对烂花浆的组成进行了改进。在本发明中,烂花浆是将98wt%的硫酸30~50重量份、合成龙胶40~60重量份和海藻酸钠5~15重量份在30~45℃膨化(例如12小时)得到的。采用前述组成的烂花浆,能够使烂花印花透彻、易洗尽,适用于去除多种纤维交织/混纺布或绒布中的涤纶纤维,从而达到立体或其它特殊的印花效果。其中,合成龙胶,化学名称是羟乙基皂荚胶(hydroxyethyl saponin gum)。
在制备得到烂花浆之后,将具有所需图案的烂花板放置在上述坯布上,在烂花图案边缘涂抹白胶浆,最后将烂花浆导入烂花图案。待烂花图案形成之后,例如半小时之后,将烂花浆清除。
第三步,后处理。
烂花处理之后,对坯布进行后处理,具体包括如下步骤:
首先,第二次烘干:将清除干净的织物再次放入烘干机(烘房)进行烘干,例如,将烘干机调试成100℃,烘干时间设置成5分钟。
然后,汽蒸:将第二次烘干后的织物进行汽蒸,例如,汽蒸的温度是108℃~112℃,压力可以是1个大气压,时间是4~6分钟。
随后,洗涤:采用碱性洗涤液在45℃~50℃洗涤13~17分钟。碱性洗涤液例如是肥皂、洗衣粉等。
最后,干燥:将洗涤后的织物取出,晾晒,直至干燥,即得到烂花织物。
通过后处理步骤,特别是在上述条件下进行后处理,能够使得烂花织物的烂花部分轮廓清晰,凸凹效果较好,织物紧密程度符合要求,不会出现织物易脱线或织物过度紧密没有烂花效果。
采用本发明的制备方法得到的烂花织物总紧度是65-75%,其中经向紧度为45-55%,纬向紧度为40-55%。需要说明的是,烂花织物紧度包括两个概念,一是织物包芯纱部分的紧度,二是织物筛网部分的紧度。织物紧度过大,织造生产比较难做,织物紧度过小,则筛网部分容易造成经、纬纱移位。从本发明的烂花织物的紧度可以看出,本发明的烂花织物具有优异的柔软度、其烂花的清晰度高并且凸凹效果明显。
本发明的方法采用的各种原料、物质都可以通过市场购买获得,除非另有说明,否则均并无特殊要求。
实施例
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例1:坯布的织造
(a)络筒:采用捻系数是300、棉包覆率是43%的涤/棉包芯纱,检查包芯纱的均匀度,并采用梳针隔距0.3mm的梳针式的清纱器清除纺疵。
(b)热定捻:采用真空热定型锅,热定型锅真空度为1大气压,温度为90℃,捻度稳定率是内层为78%、外层为80%。
(c)整经和络纬:整经机张力图分段配置,前段8克,中段7克,后段6克。
(d)浆纱:双压浆辊、大约55℃上浆,浆料组成是玉米淀粉55%(重量)、PVC30%(重量)和CMC 15%(重量)。
(e)织造:筘号数为190,每筘穿一根经纱,上机制造。
实施例2:坯布的织造
(a)络筒:采用捻系数是360、棉包覆率是45%的涤/棉包芯纱,检查包芯纱的均匀度,并采用梳针隔距0.3mm的梳针式的清纱器清除纺疵。
(b)热定捻:采用真空热定型锅,热定型锅真空度为2大气压,温度为93℃,捻度稳定率是内层为75%、外层为79%。
(c)整经和络纬:整经机张力图分段配置,前段8克,中段7克,后段6克。
(d)浆纱:双压浆辊、大约55℃上浆,浆料组成是玉米淀粉55%(重量)、PVC30%(重量)和CMC 15%(重量)。
(e)织造:筘号数为190,每筘穿一根经纱,上机制造。
实施例3:坯布的织造
(a)络筒:采用捻系数是450、棉包覆率是48%的涤/棉包芯纱,检查包芯纱的均匀度,并采用梳针隔距0.3mm的梳针式的清纱器清除纺疵。
(b)热定捻:采用真空热定型锅,热定型锅真空度为1大气压,温度为100℃,捻度稳定率是内层为80%、外层为81%。
(c)整经和络纬:整经机张力图分段配置,前段8克,中段7克,后段6克。
(d)浆纱:双压浆辊、大约55℃上浆,浆料组成是玉米淀粉55%(重量)、PVC30%(重量)和CMC 15%(重量)。
(e)织造:筘号数为190,每筘穿一根经纱,上机制造。
实施例4:烂花织物的制造
(1)预处理:采用涤纶线缝头,将缝头后的坯布放入45℃的清水中漂洗60分钟,在大约80℃的氧漂剂中漂洗45分钟,之后将坯布送入温度约92℃的烘房中烘15分钟。
(2)烂花处理:将98wt%的硫酸、合成龙胶和海藻酸钠按照重量比30:60:10混合、膨化12小时得到烂花浆,将烂花板放置在经过预处理的坯布上,在烂花图案边缘涂抹白胶浆,最后将烂花浆导入烂花图案,待烂花图案形成之后,将烂花浆清除。
(3)后处理:将清除干净的织物送入100℃烘房进行烘干5分钟,然后108℃、1个大气压进行汽蒸6分钟,随后用洗衣粉在45℃洗涤17分钟,晾晒直至干燥,即得到烂花织物。
实施例5:烂花织物的制造
(1)预处理:采用涤纶线缝头,将缝头后的坯布放入45℃的清水中漂洗60分钟,在大约83℃的氧漂剂中漂洗40分钟,之后将坯布送入温度约92℃的烘房中烘15分钟。
(2)烂花处理:将98wt%的硫酸、合成龙胶和海藻酸钠按照重量比40:50:6混合、膨化12小时得到烂花浆,将烂花板放置在经过预处理的坯布上,在烂花图案边缘涂抹白胶浆,最后将烂花浆导入烂花图案,待烂花图案形成之后,将烂花浆清除。
(3)后处理:将清除干净的织物送入100℃烘房进行烘干5分钟,然后110℃、1个大气压进行汽蒸5分钟,随后用洗衣粉在46℃洗涤15分钟,晾晒直至干燥,即得到烂花织物。
实施例6:烂花织物的制造
(1)预处理:采用涤纶线缝头,将缝头后的坯布放入45℃的清水中漂洗60分钟,在大约88℃的氧漂剂中漂洗45分钟,之后将坯布送入温度约92℃的烘房中烘15分钟。
(2)烂花处理:将98wt%的硫酸、合成龙胶和海藻酸钠按照重量比50:40:15混合、膨化12小时得到烂花浆,将烂花板放置在经过预处理的坯布上,在烂花图案边缘涂抹白胶浆,最后将烂花浆导入烂花图案,待烂花图案形成之后,将烂花浆清除。
(3)后处理:将清除干净的织物送入100℃烘房进行烘干5分钟,然后112℃、1个大气压进行汽蒸4分钟,随后用洗衣粉在50℃洗涤13分钟,晾晒直至干燥,即得到烂花织物。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的替代、修饰、组合、改变、简化等,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)对坯布进行预处理;
(2)采用包括硫酸、合成龙胶和海藻酸钠的烂花浆对经过预处理的坯布进行烂花处理;
(3)对经过烂花处理的坯布进行后处理得到烂花织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述坯布是通过对包芯纱依次进行络筒、热定捻、整经、络纬、浆纱和织造而得到。
3.根据权利要求2所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述包芯纱以疏水性涤纶长丝为纱芯并外包亲水性棉纤维;所述包芯纱的捻系数的范围是300~450;所述包芯纱的棉包覆率范围是43%~48%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述热定捻采用的设备是真空热定型锅;所述真空热定型锅的真空度是1~2个大气压、温度是90℃~100℃,捻度稳定率是内层为60%~80%、外层为75%~85%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述浆纱是采用浆液渗透和被覆同时进行的高温上浆。
6.根据权利要求1所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述预处理包括:将所述坯布缝头、水洗、氧漂和第一次烘干。
7.根据权利要求1所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述烂花浆包括:98%的硫酸30~50重量份、合成龙胶40~60重量份和海藻酸钠5~15重量份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中,所述后处理包括:第二次烘干、汽蒸、洗涤和干燥。
9.根据权利要求8所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述汽蒸的温度是108℃~112℃,时间是4~6分钟。
10.根据权利要求8所述的烂花织物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述洗涤是采用碱性洗涤液在45℃~50℃洗涤13~17分钟。
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