CN110268909A - A kind of high-yield planting method of oil tea - Google Patents
A kind of high-yield planting method of oil tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN110268909A CN110268909A CN201910695295.1A CN201910695295A CN110268909A CN 110268909 A CN110268909 A CN 110268909A CN 201910695295 A CN201910695295 A CN 201910695295A CN 110268909 A CN110268909 A CN 110268909A
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- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims description 41
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-yield planting methods of oil tea, it transplants and fosters including selection of land site preparation, seed selection, apply liquid manure, trimming and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, this method combines the pruning method of conventional oil tea plantation, it is afforested after completing trimming using cage pressure side shoot mode, the weight placement amount and replacement in cage, which are subject to, keeps 25-60 degree in corresponding side shoot horizontal direction to grow.The present invention carries out layer growth by using tea oil tree branch of the cage being specially arranged to growth period, neither influence the growth of tea oil tree, each branch may make slowly to change extending direction in growth again, so that there are enough sufficient growing spaces between upper and lower level branch, oil tea late growth and fruiting is greatly facilitated;Pest control drug can be placed in cage simultaneously, further ensures that the health of tea oil tree is grown into forest.Oil tea plantation is carried out using this method, operability, normalization are strong, can effectively improve the yield of oil tea, and yield can be made to maintain a metastable level always.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of planting, refer in particular to a kind of high-yield planting method of oil tea.
Background technique
Oil tea plant belongs to Theaceae, and Seed of Camellia oleifera oil content is high, be for making best one of the plant of edible oil,
Contain a large amount of oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acid and linoleic acid.In order to solve the problems, such as China's edible oil shortage, need to go into overdrive
Push the development of high yield oil tea cultivation technique, it is ensured that the plantation of oil tea will not fight for cultivated area with cereal crops.For this purpose, country is non-
Often pay attention to the development of high yield oil tea cultivation technique, it is desirable to can solve the problem of edible oil shortage.As high yield oil tea cultivates skill
The rapid development of art, oil tea become the most important edible vegetable oil resource in south, have apparent advantages for development and inherence latent
Power.Oil tea cultivation technique is developed so far, however it remains many problems, need to reinforce thus high yield oil tea cultivation technique develop power
Degree, fully considers many factors, formulates effective measure, solves high yield oil tea and asks present in cultivation
Topic pushes high yield oil tea cultivation technique fast-developing with this.
Currently, the cultivation of high yield oil tea is repaired generally by reinforcement variety selection, tending ot young growth management, water and fertilizer management, shaping
Cut, the approach such as pest control are realized, but the stability of aforesaid way operation is strong, largely by plant personnel experience etc.
Subjective factor influences, therefore high receipts High Yielding Effect is unobvious, unstable.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being improved and being innovated for disadvantage present in background technique and problem, a kind of oil is provided
The high-yield planting method of tea.
The present invention includes selection of land site preparation, chooses seeds and transplant, foster, applying liquid manure, trimming and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, and this method combines
The pruning method of conventional oil tea plantation is afforested after completing trimming using cage pressure side shoot mode, weight placement amount in cage and
Replacement, which is subject to, keeps 25-60 degree in corresponding side shoot horizontal direction to grow, in which: the cage includes the upper cage assembled up and down
With lower cage, the cage component in upper cage top portion, and the orifice plate being arranged between upper and lower cage are set;The cage component includes setting
It sets and is used to wind the folding and unfolding drum of line in upper cage top face, and be connected to the bandage at the end of a thread end;The bottom surface of the upper cage is to be evenly equipped with
The perforated face sheets of air hole, the lower cage side are equipped with switch gate.
The upper cage top face is transparent cambered plate in one of the embodiments, and the surrounding of top surface, which is provided with, to dip down
Oblique water conservancy diversion eaves, the inner top surface of the upper cage are also evenly equipped with luminous tube, and the bottom surface of the water conservancy diversion eaves is provided with for placing electric power storage
The battery case in pond, the battery connection simultaneously provide power supply to luminous tube.Transparent cambered plate and water conservancy diversion eaves can be conducive to rainwater, travel fatigue
The landing of sundries etc. keeps the cleaning of cage;Water conservancy diversion eaves can also protect perforated face sheets simultaneously, keep perforated face sheets hidden not easy to pollute
Blocking.The design of luminous tube and battery case can make cage have the effect of mosquito insect eradication lamp, the health for the tea woods being further ensured that concurrently.
The upper cage and lower cage can place weight in upper and lower cage using being threadedly coupled in one of the embodiments,
Or drug.It is simple to be threadedly coupled production, it is easy to operate, quick;Two article placement spaces are designed by upper and lower cage, it can be more
The good needs for meeting layer;Intermediate orifice plate also can guarantee smoothly distributing for drug.
The folding and unfolding drum includes the work shape disk body for being fixed on cage end face center, line in one of the embodiments,
It is wrapped in the middle part of work shape disk body, the top surface of work shape disk body is provided with the card slot of multiple fixed unwrapping wire length.It is changeable by coiling
The retractable length of line, then line card is tied up by multiple card slots and fixes folding and unfolding line length in slot, structure is simple, easy to operate, fast
It is prompt.Existing automatic or manual folding and unfolding drum can also be used, as long as being able to satisfy the operation of retractable line.
In one of the embodiments, the bandage by taking the lead, belt body and magnetic tape trailer form, taken the lead and magnetic tape trailer wherein described
Be it is multiple, the belt body respectively taken the lead between magnetic tape trailer is structure as a whole.The bandage imitates existing belt design, only uses centre
Disjunctor, head and the tail are multiple to take the lead and magnetic tape trailer, can preferably adapt to the strapped of branch tree in this way, will not hurt branch.
Advantages of the present invention and the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention carries out layer growth to the tea oil tree branch in growth period by using the cage being specially arranged, the weight of layer with
Branch energy subject to 25-60 degree normal growth, neither influences the growth of tea oil tree upwards, and may make each branch in growth slowly
Change extending direction and oil tea late growth and fruiting is greatly facilitated so that there are enough sufficient growing spaces between upper and lower level branch;
Pest control drug can be placed in cage simultaneously, and drug has accomplished that a cage is multi-purpose, further really by shedding in cage by perforated face sheets
The health for having protected tea oil tree is grown into forest.Oil tea plantation is carried out using this method, operability, normalization are strong, can effectively improve oil tea
Yield, and yield can be made to maintain a metastable level always.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is cage overall structure diagrammatic cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 overlooking structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is cage strap configurations schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is of the invention for ease of understanding, preferred embodiment of the invention is shown below.But the present invention can be with many not
With form realize, however it is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, purpose of providing these embodiments is makes to this
The disclosure of invention is more thorough and comprehensive.
Unless otherwise defined, the skill of all technical and scientific terms and technical field of the invention used herein
The normally understood meaning of art personnel is identical.Term used in the description is intended merely to describe specifically to implement purpose, is not
It is designed to limit the invention.
Following cage structures used in the examples are as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, cage includes the upper and lower upper cage 1 and lower cage 2 for being threadedly coupled assembling, the cage group at upper 1 top of cage is set
Part, and the orifice plate 3 being arranged between upper and lower cage can place weight or drug in upper and lower cage.Specifically, cage component includes
The folding and unfolding drum 4 that upper 1 top surface of cage is used to wind line 5 is set, and is connected to the bandage 6 at the end of a thread end.The bottom surface of upper cage 1 is uniformly distributed
There is the perforated face sheets 1-1 of air hole, lower 2 side of cage is equipped with switch gate 2-1.
Specifically, the surrounding of top surface is provided with the water conservancy diversion tilted down as shown in Figure 1,1 top surface of upper cage is transparent cambered plate
Eaves 1-2.The inner top surface of upper cage 1 is also evenly equipped with luminous tube 7, and the bottom surface of water conservancy diversion eaves 1-2 is provided with the battery for placing battery
Box 8, battery 8 connect and provide power supply to luminous tube 7.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, 2, folding and unfolding drum 4 includes the work shape disk body 4-1 for being fixed on cage end face center, line 5 is twined
It is wound on the middle part of work shape disk body 4-1, the top surface of work shape disk body 4-1 is provided with the card slot 4-2 of multiple fixed unwrapping wire length.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1,3, bandage 6 is formed by taking the lead 6-1, belt body 6-2 and magnetic tape trailer 6-3.Wherein take the lead 6-1 and
Magnetic tape trailer 6-3 be it is multiple, the belt body respectively taken the lead between 6-1 and magnetic tape trailer 6-3 is structure as a whole.
Embodiment:
1, selection of land site preparation:
Oil tea plantation preferably selects pH value 4.5~6.0, and the soil is porous, excessively drained field is planted, and is formally planting
Before, cleaning finishing carefully should be carried out to forest land, root out weeds and other shrub tendrils, clear up the residue of other forestry products,
Sundries is avoided to influence the growth of oil tea nursery stock.And by way of cultivating and deep-cutting entirely, seedling growth hole has been dug, has been picked in net kind of plant hole
Stone, tree root, break soil block, dregs into pieces, soil texture made to become loose, fresh, fine crushing, it is raw conducive to the breathing of oil tea nursery stock
It is long.Forest land finely turned over it is whole after, in order to ensure oil tea can grow in fertile soil, need using farmyard manure and phase
Close compound fertilizer.During fertilising, it is ensured that soil fertilizer is sufficient, to ensure oil tea plant late growth to the needs of nutrient.
2, seed selection plant:
The kind of tea oil tree should be selected according to the actual conditions of planting site, investigate local weather conditions and soil regime item
Part, the plantation height and the time limit of tea oil tree also should be within the scope of the investigations of kind, and general seedling height, which is greater than 15cm, just can guarantee
The survival quality of seedling.Before oil tea tree planting, it may be selected that camellia oleifera fruit big, thin skin, seed-producing rate and oil yield are high, resistance is strong
Kind carries out plantation afforestation.The plantation of oil tea should first take nursery stock generally in beginning of spring plum rain season before field planting from nutrient bag
Out, and excavate backfill cave, the nutrient soil ball of nursery stock be colonized in cave, graft union and ground maintain an equal level, under nursery stock upright state into
Go back soil, the soil of having peace of mind backfill, then backfill is supplemented to 5cm left-right position above graft union, prevention and treatment nursery stock infection disease
Insect pest also preferably stablizes field planting effect, waters in time after field planting, reaches and determines root effect.Plantation density can choose with every
Seeding row spacing and spacing in the rows are kept at a distance from 2~3m or seeding row spacing 3m × 3m, and the backfill that when field planting selects generally uses fertile
Soil, and the native compaction in layers of field planting is carried out in backfilling working.
3, forest management: including mainly to foster, apply liquid manure, trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc., specific as follows:
1) oil tea Seeding planting is latter belongs to Juvenile Stage until the result stage, needs a large amount of nutrition to meet itself during this
Growth demand is the excellent opportunity for expanding root system and tree crown at this time.It can be enough for growth accumulation in the future by adjusting tree management
Nutrient, to can smoothly enter into the best fruiting period.Fostering oil tea seedling includes: chesson, removing weeds, righting seedling, fertilising etc.
Content, it should be noted that, it applies fertilizer based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, dose should from less to more, be gradually superimposed.
2) oil tea will be got bumper crops, and the supply of Ying Jiaqiang rich water suitably matches phosphorus potash fertilizer in top dressing early period based on high nitrogen fertilizer;
Later period chases after based on high phosphorus potash fertilizer.
3) after tea oil tree grows up to, plant branch will appear it is interlaced with each other, squeeze the case where, cause woodland gas permeability,
Translucency is poor, also will cause and fights for space each other, forms seasaw battle.Assuming that branch is grown vertically upward, grow it is vigorous will
Most of nutrient is absorbed, fruiting is unfavorable for, therefore to carry out plant branch prunes work off, overstocked branch or morbidity branch trimming
Fall, it is tree-like to remove interference, enable oil tea to advantageously promote photosynthesis, increases oil tea good harvest.
After the completion of conventional trimming, pressure side shoot is carried out using cage, the operation using cage layer is as follows: every time after trimming
The sling height or weight tied up on side shoot are adjusted, i.e., the weight in cage reduces and be increased to ensure that side shoot layering has
Sequence growth.Weight placement amount and replacement in cage, which are subject to, keeps 25-60 degree in corresponding side shoot horizontal direction to grow.In principle
Side shoot is that the upward layer height of lower layer is gradually increasing, and to ensure each layer ordering growth of side shoot, avoids mutually tangling and blocking, is
Branch growth and later period fruiting provide optimal growing space.Layer height can also be adjusted flexibly according to the growth tendency of tree body,
With in picturesque disorder between adjacent branch bar, subject to homoepitaxial.
4) it will appear pest and disease damage in tea oil tree growth course, have very big influence to the yield of oil tea.Oil tea disease
Insect pest type is more, wherein biggish pest and disease damage of causing harm includes Oil Tea Anthracnose, sooty mould, soft rot, oil tea poison moth, oil tea ruler
Earwig, oil tea thorn giant coccid, cluster caterpillar etc..Carry out the preventing and controlling of pest and disease damage, it is ensured that tea oil tree healthy growth is one for realizing high yield
Very important factor.Currently, mainly take cultural control, chemical prevention and physical control etc. more during the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Kind measure.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of this example implantation methods, using cage assisting in preventing and treating, is assisted based on conventional control using cage
Operation it is as follows: protective agents are placed on lower cage or are directly placed into upper cage, are overflowed after waving of drug by perforated face sheets, it is right
The woods carry out the routine prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.If drug is excessive, need to together with the weight placed in cage calculated weight, and carry out
Increasing, the loss of weight operation of adaptation.
Embodiment of the present invention is only the description carried out to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not to the present invention
Conception and scope is defined, and under the premise of not departing from design philosophy of the present invention, engineers and technicians are to this hair in this field
The all variations and modifications that bright technical solution is made should all fall into protection scope of the present invention, the claimed skill of the present invention
Art content, is all described in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of high-yield planting method of oil tea, including selection of land site preparation, seed selection are transplanted, are fostered, applying liquid manure, trimming and pest and disease damage
Prevention and treatment, it is characterised in that this method combines the pruning method of conventional oil tea plantation, presses side shoot mode using cage after completion trimming
It afforests, the weight placement amount and replacement in cage, which are subject to, keeps 25-60 degree in corresponding side shoot horizontal direction to grow, in which:
The cage includes the upper cage assembled up and down and lower cage, the cage component in upper cage top portion is arranged in, and be arranged upper and lower
Orifice plate between cage;The cage component includes the folding and unfolding drum that upper cage top face is arranged in and is used to wind line, and is connected to the end of a thread
The bandage at end;The bottom surface of the upper cage is the perforated face sheets for being evenly equipped with air hole, and the lower cage side is equipped with switch gate.
2. the high-yield planting method of oil tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the upper cage top face is transparent arc
Panel, the surrounding of top surface are provided with the water conservancy diversion eaves tilted down, and the inner top surface of the upper cage is also evenly equipped with luminous tube, the water conservancy diversion
The bottom surface of eaves is provided with the battery case for placing battery, and the battery connection simultaneously provides power supply to luminous tube.
3. the high-yield planting method of oil tea according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the upper cage and lower cage use
It is threadedly coupled, can place weight or drug in upper and lower cage.
4. the high-yield planting method of oil tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the folding and unfolding drum includes fixing
In the work shape disk body of upper cage end face center, line is wrapped in the middle part of work shape disk body, and the top surface of work shape disk body is provided with multiple fixations and puts
The card slot of line length.
5. the high-yield planting method of oil tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bandage by taking the lead, belt body and
Magnetic tape trailer composition, wherein it is described take the lead be with magnetic tape trailer it is multiple, the belt body respectively taken the lead between magnetic tape trailer is structure as a whole.
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CN111919654A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-13 | 福建农林大学 | Cultivation method of soft-branch short-foot oolong |
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JPH0998668A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1997-04-15 | Tadashi Mori | Weight for correcting tree form |
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