CN110218262A - 褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖在制备治疗2型糖尿病药物中的应用 - Google Patents
褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖在制备治疗2型糖尿病药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖在制备治疗和/或预防2型糖尿病药物或保健品中的应用,所述低硫酸化杂聚糖具有如下特征:其单糖组分主要包括岩藻糖、葡萄糖醛酸,此外还包括甘露糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖、古洛糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸中的一种或多种;其水解硫酸基含量在5%~28%之间,岩藻糖含量在3%~28%之间,糖醛酸含量在5%~30%之间;其对HepG2细胞的促葡萄糖消耗作用明显强于岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分,而且在增强胰岛β细胞的胰岛素分泌功能具有明显的作用。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一类来源于海洋褐藻的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖在制备治疗和/或预防2型糖尿病药物或保健品中的应用。
(二)背景技术
糖尿病是当今严重影响人类生命健康的疾病之一。世卫组织报告指出,2014年全球成人糖尿病患者约4.22亿,患病率达到8.5%;并且现在患病率呈逐年递增的趋势。尽管目前已经具有多种用于降糖的药物,但糖尿病的控制现状依然十分严峻。63%的2型糖尿病患者仍然得不到有效的治疗,体内糖化血红蛋白水平(HBA1c)大于美国糖尿病协会所提出7%的标准水平。因此,需要进一步揭示糖尿病的发病机制,研发一系列各具特点的降糖药物,满足不同糖尿病患者的需求。因此,阐明糖尿病发病机制,开发新糖尿病治疗药物,为未来糖尿病患者个体化治疗提供更多的选择,具有重要现实的意义。
海洋是地球上所占面积最大的区域,因此开发海洋药物越来越受到重视,而海洋物质提取在制备和开发抗糖尿病药物有着不可估计的社会和经济效益。
海洋褐藻中的多糖种类繁多,结构复杂多样,仅硫酸多糖就包括三大类,一类是岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(也称为褐藻多糖硫酸酯),是由岩藻糖为组成单糖的硫酸多糖组分,另一类是由岩藻糖和半乳糖组成的硫酸多糖,即半乳岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,此外褐藻中还普遍存在一类富含糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖,其单糖组成比较复杂,包含甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、岩藻糖、半乳糖等多种单糖,在对褐藻中的硫酸多糖组分通过阴离子凝胶色谱进行分级纯化时,一般含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖组分会被低浓度的电解质首先洗脱下来。由于化学特性差异较大,低硫酸化杂聚糖与岩藻聚糖硫酸酯生物活性差异很大。例如,Croci等报道了褐藻Laminaria saccharina中分离到两种硫酸多糖,一种属于低硫酸化杂聚糖,称为岩藻甘露葡萄糖醛酸聚糖(Fucomannoglucuronans),另一种为岩藻聚糖,他们对两种不同多糖的活性比较研究后得出结论为,是岩藻聚糖而不是岩藻甘露葡萄糖醛酸聚糖决定了褐藻Laminaria saccharina中硫酸多糖的生物活性,包括抗凝血、抗肿瘤、抗炎等活性。(Fucans,but not fucomannoglucuronans,determine the biological activities ofsulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria saccharina brown seaweed,PLoS ONE2011,6(2):1-10)。前期我们发现低硫酸化杂聚糖在治疗帕金森病方面具有显著功效(专利授权号:CN103539863B),本发明进一步发现低硫酸化杂聚糖还在治疗和/或预防2型糖尿病方面也具有显著功效。
(三)发明内容
为了进一步明确海洋褐藻多糖中抗糖尿病活性成分,本发明通过对褐藻中不同多糖组分的分离纯化以及其抗糖尿病作用研究发现,一种主要由甘露糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖等单糖组成的硫酸杂聚糖对HepG2细胞的促葡萄糖消耗作用明显强于岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分,而且在增强胰岛β细胞的胰岛素分泌功能具有明显的作用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖在制备治疗和/或预防2型糖尿病药物或保健品中的应用。
所述低硫酸化杂聚糖具有如下特征:其单糖组分主要包括岩藻糖、葡萄糖醛酸,此外还包括甘露糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖、古洛糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸中的一种或多种;其水解硫酸基含量在5%~28%之间,岩藻糖含量在3%~28%之间,糖醛酸含量在5%~30%之间。
进一步,所述低硫酸化杂聚糖具有如下结构特征:
(1)组成糖包括:甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、岩藻糖;
(2)甘露糖和葡糖糖醛酸以α(1→4)糖苷键连接;葡萄糖醛酸和甘露糖以β(1→2)糖苷键连接;
(3)葡萄糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸之间以β(1→3)糖苷键连接;
(4)岩藻糖以α(1→3)糖苷键连接,C2或C4位硫酸化;
(5)包含如下结构单元(I)、(II)、(III),不同结构单元之间相互交替连接;
其中,n、m、x各自独立为1~15之间的整数;
R为H或硫酸基。
所述低硫酸化杂聚糖来源于海洋褐藻,所述海洋褐藻包括海带、裙带菜、马尾藻、鼠尾藻、全缘马尾藻、硇洲马尾藻、莫氏马尾藻、海黍子、海蒿子等。
所述低硫酸化杂聚糖分子量为1~1000KD。
进一步,所述药物为含有褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖和药学可接受的载体的药物组合物;所述载体例如:微囊、微球、纳米粒、脂质体等。
所述药物的剂型可以为注射剂、口服制剂或局部给药制剂。
本发明所述褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖可按照如下方法制备(已公开于CN103539863A):
采用水提或酸提方法提取海洋褐藻中的水溶性多糖;水溶性多糖通过阴离子交换色谱进行分级,采用低浓度电解质溶液洗脱得到的组分经过脱盐、浓缩、干燥后即得;
其中,所述阴离子交换色谱介质包括二乙氨乙基型弱阴离子凝胶以及强阴离子凝胶;
所述二乙氨乙基型弱阴离子凝胶例如:二乙氨乙基交联葡聚糖(DEAE-Sephadex)、二乙氨乙基纤维素(DEAE-纤维素)、二乙氨乙基交联琼脂糖凝胶(DEAE-琼脂糖)等;
所述强阴离子凝胶例如:Q-sepharose凝胶、Q-sephadex等;
所述低浓度电解质溶液的浓度范围在0.3~2mol/L,电解质例如可以为NaCl、KCl中的一种或两者以任意比例的混合物,溶剂为去离子水或缓冲液。
本发明具有如下优点:
发现褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖对糖尿病具有显著作用,可以用于制备治疗糖尿病的药物和保健品。
(四)具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行具体说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1:低硫酸化杂聚糖的制备
低硫酸化杂多糖的详细制备方法和结构特征已公开于前期专利(褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖在制备治疗帕金森病药物和保健品中的应用,申请公布号:CN 103539863 A),本发明的所用编号与前期专利一致。
具体的,本发明实施例中涉及的海带多糖组分一F1、F2、F3,鼠尾藻多糖组分一S1、S2,鼠尾藻多糖SP,海黍子多糖,硇洲马尾藻多糖,半叶马尾藻多糖,全缘马尾藻多糖的制备方法如下所述。
海带多糖组分一F1、F2、F3的制备
(1)将5kg海带除去泥沙,用20倍质量的水在高压锅中提取3小时,控制温度100-105℃;提取进行2次。除去藻体,合并2次提取液,用硅藻土抽滤,滤液浓缩,加入浓缩液4倍体积量的无水乙醇沉淀,沉淀真空干燥得到粗多糖,多糖粗品得率为:4.84%。
(2)将粗多糖溶于水配成浓度为1.5%(质量浓度)的溶液,加入2mol/L MgCl2使MgCl2终质量浓度为0.05mol/L,同时加入无水乙醇,使乙醇终重量浓度为20%,搅拌生成沉淀,离心除去沉淀,取上清液加入95%乙醇,使乙醇终重量浓度为70-75%,搅拌生成沉淀,离心收集沉淀,将沉淀溶于适量水配成质量浓度2%的水溶液,用截留分子量为3500Da透析袋透析2天,浓缩透析袋内溶液,冻干得海带多糖,得率为2.71%。
(3)取上述冻干得到的海带多糖溶于水,配成质量浓度为2.5%(质量浓度)的水溶液,上样到以DEAE-Sepharose-CL-6B为载体的柱层析,依次用0.5mol/L NaCl、1.0mol/LNaCl和2.0mol/L NaCl溶液线性梯度洗脱,收集各洗脱液,分别装入截留分子量为3500道尔顿的透析袋以自来水流水透析2天,蒸馏水透析1天、冻干。其中由0.5mol/L NaCl洗脱得到杂聚糖组分F1,1.0mol/L NaCl洗脱得到岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分F2;2.0mol/L NaCl洗脱得到岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分F3。
鼠尾藻多糖组分一S1、S2,鼠尾藻多糖SP的制备
(1)将5kg鼠尾藻除去泥沙,加入100L 0.1M的盐酸室温搅拌提取3小时,提取液过滤后,藻渣用100L 0.1M盐酸重复提取1次,过滤,合并两次提取的滤液,用碱调滤液的pH至5-7,用硅藻土过滤,滤液超滤,浓缩,加入浓缩液4倍体积量的无水乙醇沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤,真空干燥,得到鼠尾藻多糖SP 16.2g。
(2)取上述得到的鼠尾藻多糖溶于水,配成浓度为2.5%的水溶液,上样到以DEAE-Sepharose-CL-6B为载体柱层析,依次用0.3mol/L NaCl、1.0mol/L NaCl和2.0mol/L NaCl溶液线性梯度洗脱,收集各洗脱液,分别透析、冻干。其中由0.3mol/L NaCl洗脱得到杂聚糖组分S1,1.0mol/L NaCl洗脱得到半乳岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分S2;2.0mol/L NaCl洗脱未收集到多糖组分。
海黍子多糖的制备
将100g海黍子剪碎,加入2L水(20倍),110-120度,提取4小时,提取液筛绢过滤,硅藻土过滤,得滤液1700ml,浓缩至470ml,20%乙醇-0.05mol/L MgCl2去除褐藻胶。离心(4000rpm,15min),上清液透析,浓缩,酒精沉淀,用95%乙醇洗涤沉淀,红外灯烘干。
硇洲马尾藻多糖的制备
将100g硇洲马尾藻剪碎,加入2L水(20倍),110-120度,提取4小时,提取液筛绢过滤,硅藻土过滤,得滤液1700ml,浓缩至470ml,20%乙醇-0.05mol/L MgCl2去除褐藻胶。离心(4000rpm,15min),上清液透析,浓缩,酒精沉淀,用95%乙醇洗涤沉淀,红外灯烘干。
半叶马尾藻多糖的制备
将100g半叶马尾藻剪碎,加入2L水(20倍),110-120度,提取4小时,提取液筛绢过滤,硅藻土过滤,得滤液1700ml,浓缩至470ml,20%乙醇-0.05mol/L MgCl2去除褐藻胶。离心(4000rpm,15min),上清液透析,浓缩,酒精沉淀,用95%乙醇洗涤沉淀,红外灯烘干。
全缘马尾藻多糖的制备
将100g全缘马尾藻剪碎,加入2L水(20倍),110-120度,提取4小时,提取液筛绢过滤,硅藻土过滤,得滤液1700ml,浓缩至470ml,20%乙醇-0.05mol/L MgCl2去除褐藻胶。离心(4000rpm,15min),上清液透析,浓缩,酒精沉淀,用95%乙醇洗涤沉淀,红外灯烘干。
实施例2:低硫酸化杂聚糖能促进HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗
HepG2是人源肝癌细胞系,生长迅速,性状稳定,是研究肝脏保护作用的常用细胞系。促进外周组织的葡萄糖代谢,提高肝细胞对胰岛素的敏感性。用二甲双胍和实施例1的多糖进行药物处理24h,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定培养液中葡萄糖的变化。结果(表1)显示低硫酸化杂多糖促进葡萄糖消耗率大于岩藻聚糖硫酸酯。
表1.多糖分级组分(1mg/ml和0.1mg/ml)促进葡萄糖消耗率的影响
实施例3:低硫酸化杂聚糖能增强胰岛β细胞的胰岛素分泌
实验采用正常小鼠的胰岛,用棕榈酸处理得到胰岛细胞损伤模型。用GSIS进行胰岛素分泌功能的测定。实施例1中的多糖在高糖刺激后能明显改善和增强胰岛的胰岛素分泌功能(表2)。同时,多糖对胰岛没有抑制作用,胰岛的形态,结构完整。
表2.多糖分级组分(0.5mg/ml)对胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素的影响
Claims (9)
1.褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖在制备治疗和/或预防2型糖尿病药物或保健品中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述低硫酸化杂聚糖具有如下特征:其单糖组分主要包括岩藻糖、葡萄糖醛酸,此外还包括甘露糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖、古洛糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸中的一种或多种;其水解硫酸基含量在5%~28%之间,岩藻糖含量在3%~28%之间,糖醛酸含量在5%~30%之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述低硫酸化杂聚糖具有如下结构特征:
(1)组成糖包括:甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、岩藻糖;
(2)甘露糖和葡糖糖醛酸以α(1→4)糖苷键连接;葡萄糖醛酸和甘露糖以β(1→2)糖苷键连接;
(3)葡萄糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸之间以β(1→3)糖苷键连接;
(4)岩藻糖以α(1→3)糖苷键连接,C2或C4位硫酸化;
(5)包含如下结构单元(I)、(II)、(III),不同结构单元之间相互交替连接;
其中,n、m、x各自独立为1~15之间的整数;
R为H或硫酸基。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述褐藻为海洋褐藻,所述海洋褐藻包括海带、裙带菜、马尾藻、鼠尾藻、全缘马尾藻、硇洲马尾藻、莫氏马尾藻、海黍子、海蒿子。
5.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述低硫酸化杂聚糖分子量为1~1000KD。
6.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物为含有褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖和药学可接受的载体的药物组合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为注射剂、口服制剂或局部给药制剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述褐藻来源的富含葡萄糖醛酸的低硫酸化杂聚糖按照如下方法制备:
采用水提或酸提方法提取海洋褐藻中的水溶性多糖;水溶性多糖通过阴离子交换色谱进行分级,采用低浓度电解质溶液洗脱得到的组分经过脱盐、浓缩、干燥后即得;
其中,所述阴离子交换色谱介质包括二乙氨乙基型弱阴离子凝胶以及强阴离子凝胶;
所述低浓度电解质溶液的浓度范围在0.3~2mol/L,电解质为NaCl、KCl中的一种或两者以任意比例的混合物,溶剂为去离子水或缓冲液。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述二乙氨乙基型弱阴离子凝胶为:二乙氨乙基交联葡聚糖、二乙氨乙基纤维素、二乙氨乙基交联琼脂糖凝胶;所述强阴离子凝胶为:Q-sepharose凝胶、Q-sephadex。
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