CN110199815A - A kind of cultural method of rice field male ridge winter kind pea - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of rice field male ridge winter kind pea Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199815A CN110199815A CN201910420413.8A CN201910420413A CN110199815A CN 110199815 A CN110199815 A CN 110199815A CN 201910420413 A CN201910420413 A CN 201910420413A CN 110199815 A CN110199815 A CN 110199815A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method of rice field male ridge winter kind pea, including seed selection, basal dressing, ridging, sowing, final singling, top dressing, harvest, wherein, rotary tillage is carried out to rice field using machine, is ditched, point compartment ridging, form male ridge, the male ridge includes the shoulder ridge on intermediate top ridge and two sides, and shoulder ridge is centered on pushing up ridge toward the stepped symmetry arrangement in two sides；After being pre-processed to preferred pea seed, sowed on each ridge using live streaming bunch planting way, it is interlaced between acupuncture point.After pea germination, timely final singling and top dressing are carried out to pea seedlings.The present invention is planted by male ridge, convenient for venting rainy season ponding, reduce the harmful generation with pest and disease damage of stain, increase pea plantation strain number and ridge soil light-receiving area, while pea acupuncture point being staggered, improves ventilation and penetrating light, Pesticide use amount and stain evil loss can be reduced, production cost investment is reduced, and then greatly improves yield and economic value, is with a wide range of applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of cultivation side of rice field male ridge winter kind pea
Method.
Background technique
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) belongs to that pulse family is annual to climb up by holding on to draft, 0.5-2 meters high, is the important cultivation in the world
One of crop.Seed and green bean, the tender Miao Jun of pea are edible；Seed is starch-containing, grease, can make it is medicinal, have strong, diuresis,
The effect of antidiarrheal；Stem, leaf energy cooling and heatstroke-eliminating, and make green manure, feed or fuel.China pea producing region is mainly distributed on middle part, east
The areas such as the north are distributed in multiple provinces and regions such as Sichuan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Jiangxi, cultivated area about 900,000
hm2, harvest type and be divided into dry pea and Freezed pea, there are many purposes, fresh and tender peas can cook edible, dry pea for product
The deep processing of beans is generally snacks.In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, processing food to Freezed pea and pea
Demand be continuously increased, pea, which produces, comparatively fast to be developed, and cultivated area expands year by year.
Southern rice workspace possesses the natural resources such as superior temperature, light, water and fertilizer, develops winter using rice field winter slack phase
Agricultural；In recent years, southern rice workspace Development of Winter production causes Winter paddy field area sharply to add in the variation tendency being gradually reduced
Greatly, there are about 20,000,000 hm for area2；Winter rice field coverage further decreases, and causes the waste of resource and energy, serious to make
The about sustainable development of the regional agriculture.Farmland winter cover crops is the important component part of sustainable agriculture development, is closed
Reason carry out Development of Winter exploitation be conducive to improve soil organic matter content, soil quality, soil nutrient utilize and crop yield,
The soil erosion is reduced, and is able to suppress weed growth, there are apparent ecology and economic benefits.Using southern rice workspace
The natural resources such as superior temperature, light, water and fertilizer carry out winter kind pea and develop Development of Winter, the pea kind that southern rice workspace is carried out
Implant model mainly has pea-double cropping of rice and-one season of pea rice isotype.Pea and rice carry out rice field-upland field rotation, same field
On both can increase one season pea yield, increase the income of Development of Winter, significantly improve economic benefit, and do not influence rice
Grain-production, it is ensured that the anniversary crop production safety, there is very major and immediate significance.Therefore, in the southern rice workspace winter
Vacant field plantation pea is a kind of Efficient Cultivation modes practical, with huge production potentiality.
Currently, there is also some improved places of need: (1) taking during southern rice workspace Winter paddy field plants pea
Traditional ridge culture mode winter kind pea, the easy ponding in rice field cause pea stain evil to occur serious；(2) higher in some levels of ground water
Traditional ridge culture mode is taken to plant pea, the easy ponding in rice field, rotten kind and dead seedling for easily causing pea in cold immersed field rice field；(3) if pea
Beans thinning not in time, influences seedling quality, seriously affects the yield of pea；(4) pea Later growth, the vigorous item of plant growing way
The contradiction for aggravating individual with group under part, influences the ventilation and penetrating light and the efficiency of light energy utilization of plant, causes aphid, the foxiness of pea
The pest and disease damages such as disease and rust occur serious；(5) pea Later growth, plant easily occur lodge phenomenon, be unfavorable for harvest and it is serious
Influence its yield.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of cultural method of rice field male ridge winter kind pea, with
It solves paddy fields in south china and plants the prior art problems such as more, the artificial production cost height of easy ponding, easy dead seedling, pest and disease damage, raising pea
Yield increases the economic benefit of rice field Development of Winter.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultural method of rice field male ridge winter kind pea, includes the following steps:
1) it chooses seeds: selecting the Foreign Banks' Entries in suitable southern double rice cropping system rice field as test material；
2) basal dressing: base manure is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge bottom；
3) ridging: rotary tillage is carried out to rice field using machine, is ditched, point compartment ridging formation male ridge, the male ridge includes
The shoulder ridge on intermediate top ridge and two sides；
4) sow: the sowing time is late October to early November, is pre-processed pea seed before sowing, described
It is sowed ridge face appropriate location；
5) final singling: growth period after pea breaks ground needs to carry out final singling and training to pea in time；
6) top dressing: when pea seedlings enters full-bloom stage and young pod phase, top dressing need to be carried out in time；
7) it harvests: being harvested in due course after mature.
Further, the Foreign Banks' Entries in the suitable southern double rice cropping system rice field be pea 4 in semi-leafless pea kind,
Middle pea 6, garden pea, eats pod last course of a feast pea 1, without beans sharp No. 1, U.S.'s bean seedlings at white flower pea, it is preferable that the present invention selects
Pea 4 in semi-leafless pea kind.
Further, the process of basal dressing described in step 2) includes the following:
1) the application of organic fertilizers when ridging of rice field, 45% (N:P of compounding application2O5: K2O=15:15:15) universal composite fertilizer；
2) before ridging, fertilizer concentration is applied to intermediate top ridge and the two sides position Jian Long, at item at line.
Further, the organic fertilizer can be green manure, make compost, compost, cattle manure, poultry manure, human urine muck,
One or more of combination in plant ash, cake fertilizer, methane-generating pit fertilizer etc., further, the organic fertilizer can be cattle manure,
One or more of combination during poultry manure, human urine muck, plant ash, methane-generating pit are fertile, it is preferable that organic fertilizer of the present invention
It is pig manure.
Further, the application of organic fertilizers 9.0-13.5t/hm2, 45% (N:P of compounding application2O5: K2O=15:15:
15) universal composite fertilizer 450.0-600.0kg/hm2, further, the application of organic fertilizers 10.0-13.0t/hm2, cooperation
Apply 45% (N:P2O5: K2O=15:15:15) universal composite fertilizer 500.0-600.0kg/hm2, it is preferable that the application has
Machine fertilizer 11.0t/hm2, 45% (N:P of compounding application2O5: K2O=15:15:15) universal composite fertilizer 500.0kg/hm2。
Further, male ridge includes the intermediate ridge for pushing up each one or more shoulder ridges compositions in ridge and two sides in the step 3)
Body structure, the top ridge W2 on the male ridge are higher than shoulder ridge W2, W3, and shoulder ridge W2, W3 is in ladder toward two sides centered on pushing up ridge W2
Shape symmetry arrangement.Preferably, male ridge of the present invention includes the ridge body structure of intermediate top ridge W1 and each shoulder ridge W2 in two sides,
Ridge body section such as " convex " shape, as shown in Figure 1, and the intermediate ridge body knot for pushing up each two shoulder ridges W2, W3 composition of ridge W1 and two sides
Structure, as shown in Figure 2.
Further, intermediate ridge described in the step 3) includes high H1 and width W1, the two width W1 of high H1 and two
Surround rectangular-shape；The shoulder ridge includes high H2 and width W2, and the two high H2 and (width W1 described in the two width W2+) surround length
Cube shape；There is distance L1, as shown in Figure 1 between adjacent two male ridge.Further, adjacent two described in the step 3)
Distance L1 is 10-60cm between ridge, and centre top row spacing degree W1 is 10-50cm, and the high H1 in ridge is 10-50cm, two sides shoulder ridge face width degree W2
It is 10-30cm for 10-50cm, adjacent shoulder ridge height H2.
Further, intermediate ridge described in the step 3) includes high H1 and width W1, the two width W1 of high H1 and two
Surround rectangular-shape；The shoulder ridge includes high H2 and multiple width W2, and the two high H2 are enclosed with (width W1 described in the two width W2+)
In cuboid shape；The two high H3 and (width W1 described in width W2+ described in the two wide W3+ two) surround rectangular-shape；Adjacent two
There is distance L1, as shown in Figure 2 between male ridge.Further, distance L1 is between adjacent two ridge described in the step 3)
10-60cm, centre top row spacing degree W1 are 10-50cm, and the high H1 in ridge is 10-50cm, and two sides shoulder ridge face width degree W2 is 10-50cm, phase
Adjacent shoulder ridge height H2 is 10-30cm, and two sides shoulder ridge face width degree W3 is 10-50cm, and adjacent shoulder ridge height H3 is 10-30cm.
Further, ridging described in step 3), distance is 10-50cm between adjacent two ridge, and top row spacing degree is 10-50cm,
The a height of 10-40cm in ridge, two sides shoulder row spacing degree are 20-80cm, and adjacent shoulder ridge height is 10-30cm, further, step 3)
The ridging, distance is 20-40cm between adjacent two ridge, and top row spacing degree is 10-30cm, a height of 10-30cm in ridge, two sides shoulder ridge
Width is 20-60cm, and adjacent shoulder ridge height is 10-20cm, it is preferable that ridging described in step 3) of the present invention, between adjacent two ridge
Distance is 30cm, and top row spacing degree is 20cm, ridge a height of 10cm, 20cm, and two sides shoulder row spacing degree is 40cm, 50cm, and adjacent shoulder ridge is high
Degree is 15cm.And so on, the arrangement of multi-ladder.It can be specifically adjusted according to topography.
Further, each ridge is moved towards to can be east-west, south-north direction, northwest trend, the southeast according to topography
Trend, it is preferable that the preferably each ridge trend of the present invention is south-north direction.
Further, the Seeds preprocess refers to pea seed and rhizobium 150.0-225.0g/hm2Seed dressing, adds
Water is a little, is uniformly mixed, further, the Seeds preprocess refers to pea seed and rhizobium 160.0-200.0g/
hm2Seed dressing, adds water a little, is uniformly mixed, it is preferable that the Seeds preprocess refers to pea seed and rhizobium 185.0g/
hm2Seed dressing, adds water a little, is uniformly mixed.
Further, the application rate is 105.0-150.0kg/hm2, further, the application rate is 110.0-
140 kg/hm2, it is preferable that application rate of the present invention is 130.0kg/hm2。
Further, the sowing described in step 4) can be live streaming sowing, bedder- planter, it is preferable that the present invention uses
Seeding method is broadcast live.
Further, the seeding method can be program request, hole is broadcast, bunch planting, broadcasts sowing, and further, the sowing is adopted
With bunch planting and point broadcast mode, it is preferable that the present invention carries out pea sowing using bunch planting way.
Further, the bunch planting way includes:
1) W1 kind in ridge face plants 1 row pea, plants in ridge Middle face, and the hill spacing is 10-50cm, further, institute
Stating hill spacing is 10-30cm, it is preferable that hill spacing of the present invention is 15cm；The two sides face Jian Long W2 plants 2 row peas, and line-spacing is equal
For 10-50cm, hill spacing is 10-50cm, and ridge face W1 and the acupuncture point of the planted pea of the both sides face Jian Long W2 are staggered, more into one
Step ground, the line-spacing is the acupuncture point of the planted pea of 20-40cm, hill spacing 10-30cm, ridge face W1 and two sides Jian Long face W2
It is staggered, it is preferable that line-spacing of the present invention is the planted pea of 30cm, hill spacing 15cm, ridge face W1 and two sides Jian Long face W2
Acupuncture point be staggered, as shown in Figure 3；
2) both sides ridge face W2 and W3 plants 2 row peas, and line-spacing is 10-50cm, and hill spacing is 10-50cm, ridge face W1
It is staggered with the acupuncture point of the both sides face Jian Long W2, the planted pea of shoulder ridge face W2 and W3, further, line-spacing is 20-40
Cm, hill spacing are 10-30cm, and ridge face W1 and the acupuncture point of the both sides face Jian Long W2, the planted pea of shoulder ridge face W2 and W3 are staggered,
Preferably, line-spacing is 25cm, and hill spacing is 15cm, ridge face W1 and both sides Jian Long face W2, the planted pea of shoulder ridge face W2 and W3
Acupuncture point be staggered, as shown in Figure 4.
Further, final singling refers to and carries out final singling in seedling 3-4 piece true leaf in the step 5), guarantees that basic seedling amount is
90.0×104-97.5×104Strain/hm2, further, final singling refers in seedling 3-4 piece true leaf when progress in the step 5)
Final singling guarantees that basic seedling amount is 92.0 × 104-96.0×104Strain/hm2, it is preferable that in step 5) of the present invention final singling be
Finger carries out final singling in seedling 3-4 piece true leaf, guarantees that basic seedling amount is 94.0 × 104Strain/hm2。
Further, training refers to when growing to 7-8 section after pea emergence in the step 5), can if having the tendency that prominent length
Spraying control is carried out with 1:500-1500 times of paclobutrazol of 15%, further, training refers to that pea goes out in the step 5)
When growing to 7-8 section after seedling, if having the tendency that prominent length, spraying control can be carried out with 1:600-1200 times of paclobutrazol of 15%, preferably
Ground, training refers in the step 5) when growing to 7-8 section after pea emergence, if having the tendency that prominent length, can with 15% paclobutrazol
1:1000 times carries out spraying control.
Further, in step 6), the top dressing refers in pea Later growth, according to plant growing way, using 0.1-
The mixed liquor of 1.0% urea and 0.1-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliage fertilization, further, in step 6), institute
It states top dressing to refer in pea Later growth, according to plant growing way, using 0.2-0.8% urea and 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Mixed liquor carry out foliage fertilization, it is preferable that in step 6), top dressing of the present invention refers in pea Later growth, according to
Plant growing way carries out foliage fertilization using the mixed liquor of 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, harvest refers to when pea Post flowering more than 30 days in due course after the maturation, can harvest tied pea；Or
It is the pea eaten as vegetables, beanpod is sufficiently heaved, and beans is full up to 70%, when beanpod will just start annesl
Harvesting listing in batches.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. passing through the improvement of ridge body structure, the mellow soil topsoil thickness of suitable pea growth is increased, pea growth is conducive to
With enhancing resistance.Since the plant in different ridge faces is located at different level, the plant on maturity period ridge both sides tilts to ridge middle part,
Make the Pea Plants overground part on each ridge mutually cluster round together, formed cross-like, solve the problems, such as pea serious lodging；
2. increasing the light-receiving area of ridge soil and improving the soil moisture, increases the oxygen in soil, coordinate soil
The elements such as moisture, fertilizer, illumination and temperature；
3. the face rainfall Hou Long is not easy ponding in pea growth period, field ponding is reduced, stain evil is reduced and pest and disease damage occurs, solution
The problem of the adverse effect and low output of pea growth caused by certainly southern cold immersed field rice field level of ground water is excessively high；
4. the convex top surface on ridge and the pea in both sides ridge face are in different plantation level faces, and planted pea between the face of different ridges
Acupuncture point be staggered, the pea in different ridge faces is in picturesque disorder, improves the ventilation condition of plant, increases plant translucency, effectively
Photosynthetic area and light radiation intercepting and capturing rate improve the efficiency of light energy utilization, potential photosynthesis and Dry Matter Production ability, reduce pest and disease damage
Occur；
5. increasing soil by changing ridge body structure under conditions of same level land area and same Planting Row Distance
Surface area, i.e., than traditional ridge planting increase by 2 row peas, increase the kind plant hole number of pea in land area of one unit, in turn
Pea yield and economic benefit is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the application effect figure that pea is planted on single layer male ridge in implementation process of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the application effect figure that pea is planted on multilayer male ridge in implementation process of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but should not be interpreted as this, this hair
The bright subject area is only limitted to following embodiment.
The process equipment or device not indicated specifically in the following example are all made of conventional equipment or device in the art；
All chemicals materials may be from commercially available.
Following embodiment is carried out in Hunan Province Dongting Lake Plain, and selected Experimental Area is that soil layer is deep, topography is flat, fertile
The double cropping paddy rice growing area of power abundance, experimental period are winter in 2017, and the pea sowing time is October 25.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rice field male ridge winter cultural method of kind pea includes the following steps:
After rice harvesting, trench digging, draining, dry field one week are carried out respectively such as the experiment of lower convex type ridge planting and traditional ridge
Make cultivation experiments:
The experiment of male ridge planting:
1) it chooses seeds: with pea 4 in the Foreign Banks' Entries semi-leafless pea kind of suitable double-ridged horn for material；
2) basal dressing: by pig manure 11.0t/hm2, 45% (N:P2O5: K2O=15:15:15) compound fertilizer 500.0kg/hm2At
Item is lineally uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice field；
3) ridging: rotary tillage is carried out to rice field using rotary tillage machine, point compartment is carried out to the soil layer after rotary tillage using ridger and is risen
Ridge, specification are as follows: ridge top surface W1 wide is 20cm, the top high H1 in ridge is 20cm, and both sides shoulder ridge W2 width is 50cm, the high H2 in ridge is
15cm, distance is 30cm between adjacent two ridge, as shown in Figure 1, each ridge direction is south-north direction；
4) it sows: by pea seed and rhizobium 185.0g/hm before sowing2Seed dressing, adds water a little, is uniformly mixed.Pea
Seed uses direct sowing culture, application rate 130.0kg/hm2, utilize bunch planting planting patterns: planting 1 row pea in the middle part of the W1 of ridge face
Beans, hill spacing 15cm；In the both sides face Jian Long, W2 uniformly plants 2 row peas, and line-spacing is 30cm, and hill spacing is 15cm, pushes up ridge W1
It is uniformly staggered with the acupuncture point of the planted pea of the both sides face Jian Long W2, as shown in Figure 3；
5) final singling: carrying out final singling in seedling 3-4 piece true leaf, guarantees that basic seedling amount is 94.0 × 104Strain/hm2, refer to pea
When growing to 7-8 section after emergence, if having the tendency that prominent length, spraying control can be carried out with 1:1000 times of paclobutrazol of 15%；
6) top dressing: in pea Later growth, according to plant growing way, using the mixed of 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
It closes liquid and carries out foliage fertilization；
7) it harvests: after pea is mature, picking beans fruit in time.
Traditional ridge planting experiment is as follows: according to traditional pea planting type, carrying out rotary tillage soil-working to rice field, trench digging rises
Compartment, the wide 120cm in compartment face, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm are divided in ridge；It is line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing 15cm that pea, which plants specification,；With male
The sowing of the ridge experimental group same period, other management measures and local Production of Large Fields are horizontal consistent.
Pea Plants growth and yield are investigated, its yield, growth rate, lodging index, leaf area index and beanpod skin are recorded
Area index, as shown in table 1.
The different ridge planting lower winter kind pea incomes of table 1 compare
Note: pea output value based on 6.5 yuan/kg；
As shown in Table 1, the winter pea planted under the conditions of the maturity period, different ridge culture, plant leaf area index, beanpod skin
There is apparent difference in area index, lodging situation, yield and the output value.The winter Pea Plants of male ridge planting, blade face
Product index and beanpod skin area index are higher by 22.77% than the winter pea of traditional ridge planting respectively and 21.78%, and lodging refers to
Number lower than traditional ridge planting 42%, yield and the output value increase separately 11.91% than traditional ridge planting mode.Thus may be used
Know, male ridge planting is conducive to increase the photosynthesis area of plant and the light-receiving area of beanpod, enhances the anti-of Pea Plants
Lodging ability expands the Dominance in border row of each row pea, improves the efficiency of light energy utilization of plant, to promote plant blade face and beans
Pod wall growth obtains higher seed of Semen Pisi sativi weight and yield, and then brings higher economic benefit and wide application prospect.
2 male ridge planting of embodiment influences the pest and disease damage of winter pea
A kind of rice field male ridge winter cultural method of kind pea includes the following steps:
After rice harvesting, trench digging, draining, dry field one week are carried out respectively such as the experiment of lower convex type ridge planting and traditional ridge
Make cultivation experiments:
The experiment of male ridge planting:
1) it chooses seeds: with pea 4 in the Foreign Banks' Entries semi-leafless pea kind of suitable double-ridged horn for material；
2) basal dressing: by pig manure 11.0t/hm2, 45% (N:P2O5: K2O=15:15:15) compound fertilizer 500.0kg/hm2At
Item is lineally uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice field；
3) ridging: rotary tillage is carried out to rice field using rotary tillage machine, point compartment is carried out to the soil layer after rotary tillage using ridger and is risen
Ridge, specification are as follows: ridge top surface W1 wide is 20cm, the top high H1 in ridge is 20cm, and both sides shoulder ridge W2 width is 50cm, the high H2 in ridge is
15cm, distance is 30cm between adjacent two ridge, as shown in Figure 1, each ridge direction is south-north direction；
4) it sows: by pea seed and rhizobium 185.0g/hm before sowing2Seed dressing, adds water a little, is uniformly mixed.Pea
Seed uses direct sowing culture, application rate 130.0kg/hm2, utilize bunch planting planting patterns: planting 1 row pea in the middle part of the W1 of ridge face
Beans, hill spacing 15cm；In the both sides face Jian Long, W2 uniformly plants 2 row peas, and line-spacing is 30cm, and hill spacing is 15cm, pushes up ridge W1
It is uniformly staggered with the acupuncture point of the planted pea of the both sides face Jian Long W2, as shown in Figure 3；
5) final singling: carrying out final singling in seedling 3-4 piece true leaf, guarantees that basic seedling amount is 94.0 × 104Strain/hm2, refer to pea
When growing to 7-8 section after emergence, if having the tendency that prominent length, spraying control can be carried out with 1:1000 times of paclobutrazol of 15%；
6) top dressing: in pea Later growth, according to plant growing way, using the mixed of 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
It closes liquid and carries out foliage fertilization；
7) it harvests: after pea is mature, picking beans fruit in time.
Traditional ridge planting experiment is as follows: according to traditional pea planting type, carrying out rotary tillage soil-working to rice field, trench digging rises
Compartment, the wide 120cm in compartment face, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm are divided in ridge；It is line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing 15cm that pea, which plants specification,；With male
The sowing of the ridge experimental group same period, other management measures and local Production of Large Fields are horizontal consistent.
Aphid, liriomyza bryoniae, the pea weevil, red spot, rust, wilt disease occurred in pea growth course is investigated, it is recorded
Worm strain rate and diseased plant rate, as shown in table 2.
The different ridge plantings of table 2 compare the influence of winter kind pea main diseases and insect pests
As shown in Table 2, different ridge planting modes have apparent influence to winter kind pea pest and disease damage.Investigate plant worm
Strain rate, the winter kind pea of male ridge planting, the worm hair rate of aphid, Liriomyza and pea weevil is respectively than traditional ridge planting
Pea low 39.69%, 42.78% and 45.25%；Investigate plant diseased plant rate, the winter kind pea of male ridge planting, root
Maize ear rot, brown spot and rust lower than the pea of traditional ridge planting 50.00%, 29.60% and 56.31% respectively.To sum up institute
It states, male ridge planting can effectively reduce pest and disease damage and reduce pest and disease damage to the adverse effect of winter pea, and then reduce agriculture
The usage amount of medicine, reaching reduces pea production cost, improves the purpose of winter pea planting income.
The different ridge plantations of embodiment 3 are to winter pea revenue impact
A kind of rice field male ridge winter cultural method of kind pea includes the following steps:
After rice harvesting, trench digging, draining, dry field one week are carried out respectively such as the experiment of lower convex type ridge planting and traditional ridge
Make cultivation experiments:
The experiment of male ridge planting:
1) it chooses seeds: with pea 4 in the Foreign Banks' Entries semi-leafless pea kind of suitable double-ridged horn for material；
2) basal dressing: by pig manure 11.0t/hm2, 45% (N:P2O5: K2O=15:15:15) compound fertilizer 500.0kg/hm2At
Item is lineally uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice field；
3) ridging: rotary tillage is carried out to rice field using rotary tillage machine, point compartment is carried out to the soil layer after rotary tillage using ridger and is risen
Ridge, specification are as follows: ridge top surface W1 wide is 20cm, the top high H1 in ridge is 10cm, both sides shoulder ridge W2, W3 width be all 40cm, the high H2 in ridge,
H3 is 15cm, and distance is 30cm between adjacent two ridge, as shown in Fig. 2, each ridge direction is south-north direction；
4) it sows: by pea seed and rhizobium 185.0g/hm before sowing2Seed dressing, adds water a little, is uniformly mixed.Pea
Seed uses direct sowing culture, application rate 130.0kg/hm2, utilize bunch planting planting patterns: planting 1 row pea in the middle part of the W1 of ridge face
Beans, hill spacing 15cm；In the both sides face Jian Long, W2, W3 uniformly plant 2 row peas, and line-spacing is 25cm, and hill spacing is 15cm, ridge
Face W1 and the acupuncture point of the both sides face Jian Long W2, the planted pea of ridge face W2 and W3 are staggered, as shown in Figure 4；
5) final singling: carrying out final singling in seedling 3-4 piece true leaf, guarantees that basic seedling amount is 94.0 × 104Strain/hm2, refer to pea
When growing to 7-8 section after emergence, if having the tendency that prominent length, spraying control can be carried out with 1:1000 times of paclobutrazol of 15%；
6) top dressing: in pea Later growth, according to plant growing way, using the mixed of 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
It closes liquid and carries out foliage fertilization；
7) it harvests: after pea is mature, picking beans fruit in time.
Traditional ridge planting experiment is as follows: according to traditional pea planting type, carrying out rotary tillage soil-working to rice field, trench digging rises
Compartment, the wide 180cm in compartment face, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm are divided in ridge；It is line-spacing 25cm, hill spacing 15cm that pea, which plants specification,；With male
The sowing of the ridge experimental group same period, other management measures and local Production of Large Fields are horizontal consistent.
Investigate the leaf area index, beanpod surface product and yield of two kinds of different planting lower winter pea maturities, knot
Fruit is as shown in table 3:
The live streaming winter pea income of the different male ridge plantings of table 3 compares
Note: pea output value based on 6.5 yuan/kg；
As shown in Table 3, the leaf area index of different cultivation condition lower maturity period Pea Plants, beanpod skin area index, anti-
There is apparent difference in lodging situation, yield and the output value.Under same rice field area, male ridge planting passes through change
Soil ridge body structure, than tradition ridge planting 2 row peas of a variety of plants, to increase pea kind plant hole number；And it expands each
The Dominance in border row of row pea, the efficiency of light energy utilization for improving plant；The winter Pea Plants leaf area index of male ridge planting and
Beanpod skin area index is higher by 28.02% than the winter pea of traditional ridge planting respectively and 29.55%, illustrates male ridge planting
Be conducive to the growth on plant blade face and beanpod skin；The lodging index of the winter Pea Plants of male ridge planting is significantly less than tradition
The winter pea of ridge planting illustrates that male ridge planting can enhance the lodging tolerance of winter pea；The winter pea of male ridge planting
Beans yield and the output value are higher than the pea of traditional ridge planting by 19.60%, illustrate that male ridge planting can effectively improve seed of Semen Pisi sativi
Yield, to improve its output value.In conclusion male ridge planting, expands the Dominance in border row of each row pea, improves plant
The efficiency of light energy utilization of strain, increases the illumination rate of winter Pea Plants in the ranks, enhances the photosynthetic organ area of pea, improve
The photosynthesis area of plant and the light-receiving area of beanpod, and then enhance the lodging tolerance of plant, increase seed weight and produce
Amount, obtains higher yield and the output value, brings higher economic benefit and huge application potential.
It is understood that the principle that embodiment of above is intended to be merely illustrative of the present and the exemplary implementation that uses
Mode, however the present invention is not limited thereto.For those skilled in the art, do not depart from it is of the invention
In the case where spirit and essence, various changes and modifications can be made therein, these variations and modifications, which are also considered as, is comprised in the present invention
Protection scope in.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of rice field male ridge winter kind pea, which comprises the steps of:
1) it chooses seeds: selecting the Foreign Banks' Entries in suitable southern double rice cropping system rice field as test material；
2) basal dressing: base manure is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge bottom；
3) ridging: rotary tillage is carried out to rice field using machine, is ditched, point compartment ridging formation male ridge, the male ridge includes centre
Top ridge and two sides shoulder ridge；The intermediate ridge includes high H1 and width W1, and the two width W1 of high H1 and two surround cuboid
Shape；The shoulder ridge includes high H2 and width W2, and the two high H2 and (width W1 described in the two width W2+) surround rectangular-shape；It is adjacent
There is distance L1 between two male ridges；
4) sow: the sowing time is late October to early November, is pre-processed pea seed before sowing, in the ridge face
It is sowed appropriate location；
5) final singling: growth period after pea breaks ground needs to carry out final singling and training to pea in time；
6) top dressing: when pea seedlings enters full-bloom stage and young pod phase, top dressing need to be carried out in time；
7) it harvests: being harvested in due course after mature.
2. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the ridging of rice field, institute
Stating basal dressing process includes application of organic fertilizers, 45% (N:P of compounding application2O5: K2O=15:15:15) universal composite fertilizer；
The Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 9.0-13.5t/hm2, 45% (N:P of compounding application2O5: K2O=15:15:15) universal compound
Fertile 450.0-600.0kg/hm2；
The organic fertilizer includes green manure, makes compost, compost, cattle manure, poultry manure, human urine muck, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas
One or more of combination in the fertilizer of pond.
3. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the mistake of the basal dressing
Before journey is included in ridging, fertilizer concentration is applied to intermediate top ridge and the two sides position Jian Long, at item at line.
4. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the top on the male ridge
Ridge is located at shoulder ridge central upper, shows as shoulder ridge centered on pushing up ridge toward the stepped symmetry arrangement in two sides.
5. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 4, which is characterized in that between adjacent two ridge
Distance L1 is 10-60cm, and centre top row spacing degree W1 is 10-50cm, and the high H1 in ridge is 10-50cm, and two sides shoulder ridge face width degree W2 is 10-
50cm, adjacent shoulder ridge height H2 are 10-30cm.
6. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Seeds preprocess
Refer to pea seed and rhizobium 150.0-225.0g/hm2Seed dressing, adds water a little, is uniformly mixed.
7. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Pea sowing broadcast using live streaming sowing, bedder- planter, program request, hole, bunch planting or is broadcasted sowing.
8. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the bunch planting way is
Refer to and plants 1 row pea, hill spacing 10-50cm in top ridge middle position；
2 row peas, line-spacing 10-50cm, hill spacing 10-50cm are uniformly planted on the shoulder ridge；
The top ridge plantation pea acupuncture point is mutually staggered with adjacent shoulder ridge plantation pea acupuncture point position, the adjacent shoulder ridge plantation in the same side
Pea acupuncture point position mutually staggers；
The application rate that pea is planted on the ridge is 105.0-150.0kg/hm2。
9. the method for rice field male ridge plantation winter kind pea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The final singling, which refers to, carries out final singling in seedling 3-4 piece true leaf, guarantees that basic seedling amount is 90.0 × 104-97.5×104Strain/
hm2；
The training refers to when growing to 7-8 section after pea emergence, if having the tendency that prominent length, can with 15% paclobutrazol 1:500-
1500 times carry out spraying control；
The top dressing is in pea Later growth, according to plant growing way, using 0.1-1.0% urea and 0.1-0.5% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
The mixed liquor of hydrogen potassium carries out foliage fertilization.
10. the method for -9 described in any item rice field male ridges plantation winter kind pea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State Foreign Banks' Entries include pea 4 in semi-leafless pea kind, middle pea 6, white flower pea, garden pea, food pod last course of a feast pea 1,
Without beans sharp No. 1, U.S.'s bean seedlings.
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