CN103875425A - Out-of-season cultivation method of fresh gingers - Google Patents
Out-of-season cultivation method of fresh gingers Download PDFInfo
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- CN103875425A CN103875425A CN201410124299.1A CN201410124299A CN103875425A CN 103875425 A CN103875425 A CN 103875425A CN 201410124299 A CN201410124299 A CN 201410124299A CN 103875425 A CN103875425 A CN 103875425A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an out-of-season cultivation method of fresh gingers. The method comprises the steps that A, a film tunnel is set up, wherein atomization and spray irrigation equipment is installed inside the tunnel and an atomizer is installed at the top inside the tunnel; B, the middle and the two sides inside the tunnel in the longitudinal direction are respectively provided with a water collecting ditch, and net pipes are embedded in the lower portions of the water collecting ditches, wherein the net pipes are used for collecting and temporarily storing warm water leaking from the water collecting ditches, and enabling the warm water to well permeate towards the sand layers and the underground, and meanwhile heat energy is transmitted to the soil layers and the underground along with the permeation of the warm water; C, ridging cultivation is carried out, wherein high and low ridges are adopted for planting, low-density shallow layers are adopted for planting on the low ridges, and high-density deep layers are adopted for planting on the high ridges; D, planting and harvesting are carried out, wherein the fresh gingers start to be planted when seed gingers are harvested on other places in November of Gregorian calendar, the planted fresh gingers on the high ridges can be harvested and dug before and after the Spring Festival, young gingers and old gingers appear on the market at the same time, and the planted fresh gingers on the main planting rows of the low ridges can be harvested and dug successively after the Tomb-sweeping Day of the next year to October of Gregorian calendar. According to the method, the time when the fresh gingers appear on the market is the best-selling period (in summer and autumn), the fresh gingers can directly appear on the market after being harvested, storage equipment and storage troubles are reduced, and natural risk and market risk are avoided completely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of off-season cultivation method of ginger.
Background technology
Because ginger rudiment Seedling Stage is longer, approximately three months.Root regeneration ability a little less than, be difficult to transplant.Applicable growth temperature range also less (18-28) degree Celsius.Particularly seedling requires between (20-26) degree period.Too low growth is excessively slow, too highly easily becomes weak seedling, has a strong impact on its yield and quality.13 degrees Celsius, ginger just enters dormancy, and all growths and can only regrowing afterwards before finishing.The following easily frostbite of 10 degree is to freezing to death.Too waste energy and allow cost cannot be used for actual production by external heat.
Give and undergroundly blow in canopy top hot-air construction cost is higher with fan blower.And should not plant because high-temperature time is long all the year round in the SOUTHERN OF HAINAN of China.So the off-season cultivation of ginger can only rest in laboratory always.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of off-season cultivation method of ginger, be intended to can be applicable to without external heat the temperature environment of plant growth, both improved its production efficiency, obtain again good economic benefit.
The present invention, taking the applicant once applied for and " can control easily the film shed of degree of opening " of patenting as basis, described " can control easily the film shed of degree of opening " carried out to Improvement and perfection, as the film shed of ginger off-season cultivation.
The present invention, comprises the steps:
A, build film shed: select and on the plot of the good sand of infiltration ability, build film shed, film shed comprises arched framework and is coated on the film on arched framework, at the dual-side pin of film, one row's pouch is respectively set, pouch is used for filling water, above pouch, make again a film tube, on film tube, have aperture to connect pouch, to be pouch water filling, in film tube, penetrate a rope, the two ends of rope tie up to respectively on the skeleton pin at booth two ends; In shed, be equiped with atomization sprinkling irrigation equipment, atomizer is arranged on canopy inner top;
B, in canopy, centre and the both sides of longitudinal direction respectively arrange a collecting ditch, below collecting ditch, bury webmaster underground, webmaster is made up of hard skeleton parcel fine-meshed screen, dig a underground water backflow well on side, booth operating room, the delivery port of webmaster communicates with underground water backflow well, and the water pump of described atomization sprinkling irrigation equipment is arranged in underground water backflow well; Described webmaster is for collect the temporary warm water oozing from collecting ditch, and allows warm water better between sandy soil layer and subsurface wastewater infiltration system, and heat is also along with soil layer and underground is passed in the infiltration of warm water simultaneously; Webmaster and underground between water take out to ceiling spray painting and become water circulation by water pump again, ceiling heat is just passed to by water circulation in underground sandy soil like this;
C, ridging cultivation, the plantation of employing uneven ridges, row spacing is 40-100cm, the employing low ridge low-density shallow-layer plantation adjacent with collecting ditch, planting depth is 3.5-4.5cm, and line-spacing is 15-20cm, and planting density is every square metre of 0.5-1.5kg, every kind Jiang Chong is 40-60g, and described plantation is called main plantation row; What join with low ridge is high ridge high density deep layer plantation, planting depth is 20-30cm, planting density is every square meter 5-8kg, sentence every kind ginger that is greater than 250g and be booked the growth belt of wide 30-40cm at the 15-20cm of being separated by, the thick soil layer of lid 20-30cm, described plantation is called row ginger plantation row, and high ridge plantation and low ridge are planted alternate setting, adopt described atomization sprinkling irrigation and conventional fertilizing management;
D, plantation harvest time: take East Guangdong as example, in the time that planting ginger, solar calendar other places mid-November results start plantation, after plantation, cover mulch film, in the time starting to emerge, take off receipts mulch film, before the Spring Festival, ginger just all enters seedling stage, the ginger of the row ginger plantation row of high density high ridge plantation simultaneously can start receipts and dig, the new ginger that receipts are dug is together with kind of a Jiang Yiqi listing, when receipts are dug, interlacing is received and is dug, it is that the ginger that low ridge is planted is filled out ridging that the high ridge of row ginger plantation row is received when digging ginger, the high ridge of its row ginger plantation becomes ditch, the originally ginger of the main plantation row of shallow-layer plantation, the planting depth of planting ginger after ridging increases to 20-30cm gradually by 3.5-4.5cm, after the Clear and Bright of next year to solar calendar October, receive successively the ginger of the main plantation row plantation of digging low ridge.
The present invention, can, in a side of film, be provided with complex root and open tricing line, complex root is opened tricing line and is hugging the film of homonymy, the one end of opening tricing line is fixedly connected on the top of arched framework, the other end be connected across the rough rope above film shed, then outside booth top load onto pulley, to more effectively pull rope, shed degree of opening tricing line just can be managed by winch and temperature detect switch (TDS) like this, temperature of shed exceedes to arrange prescribes a time limit, and stay cord is taken off canopy, and lower limit is put rope envelope canopy.
The present invention, the photochromic film of one deck plant growth can be installed under atomizer, and get water hole in centre, apopore is positioned at the top in drain ditch, to do not needing atomization when sprinkling irrigation when crop, can with big-canopy framework collect heat after warm water by webmaster seepage flow between sandy soil layer.
The present invention, also can blow into top hot-air in canopy to webmaster with fan blower, then by collecting ditch to webmaster and around seep water to the storage heat of conducting heat between underground and sandy soil layer.
The present invention can build little shed again or and plant mulch film on bonnet at ginger in film shed.
The present invention, the inflating thin film pipe that available diameter is 10-25cm is pressed on shed film or ground is intermembranous, then adds a cover film on inflating thin film pipe, forms bilayer or multilayer cover film, to reach better heat insulation effect.
The present invention, described high ridge is used for cultivating transplant, cultivates transplant and adopts L-type breeding groove, L-type breeding groove is combined into mountain font groove in blocks, while transplanting plantation, the plantation of whole piece groove is embarked on journey, and described L-type breeding groove comprises bottom land and one-sided cell wall, in the bottom of cell wall, be provided with alignment pin, in the outer end of bottom land, be provided with the pin-and-hole coordinating with adjacent lines alignment pin, when combination, the alignment pin of one's own profession interts on the pin-and-hole of adjacent lines, and N L-type breeding groove combination is combined into N-1 the cell body that can cultivate.
The present invention, described collecting ditch face width is 20cm, is 15cm deeply.
The present invention, has following good effect:
(1) on the basis of " can control easily the film shed of degree of opening ", set up the multilayer isolation covering that inflating thin film pipe forms, create better heat insulation effect with low cost, allow the temperature of booth more have controllability.
(2) use webmaster and collecting ditch to conduct heat by the infiltration of the good Sandy land of water permeable ability, utilize dexterously the mist of booth to fill with and sun-shading equipment can be not too low in the time that cold air comes in the underground temperature with guarantee booth by the thermal energy storage in canopy.
(3), because temperature difference easily forms cross-ventilation between uneven ridges, the plantation of uneven ridges high/low density allows soil have gas permeability, is more conducive to plant growth, and has maximally utilised the space of booth.
(4) staggered harvest time, effectively realize supply in dull season.
(5) high ridge digs ginger and fills out ridging for low ridge simultaneously, has improved operating efficiency.
(6) when stripe shape is grown seedlings groove pouring, unnecessary water outflows by two ends, need not stay leaking hole, can not make shoot root grow cup as common nutrition cup outer so that damage shoot root in the time transplanting, become long narrow table to the plantation of tens, obviously increase work efficiency than the plantation of nutrition cup list again.
(7) because ginger is all grown whole vegetative period under suitable warm and moist environment, avoid the lopsided ginger producing under high-temperature drying environment completely, the ginger of being planted by this facility both hypertrophy has type, the fiber of ginger meat is also less, the various nutrient components of ginger are also higher, also avoided because crossing flooded environment, the ginger death of falling ill being caused damage, also avoid allowing the yield and quality of ginger lose because weather rains to earth up in the time that ginger need to be earthed up, the Ginger Yield of this facility cultivation and quality are all guaranteed simultaneously.
(8) listing, again in the strong sales phase (spring and summer), can directly be gone on the market after results, has reduced equipment and the trouble of storage, has avoided natural risk and the market risk completely.
(9) this facility allows kind of ginger people's a dream, and ginger off-season cultivation becomes a reality.Because tradition plantation ginger 1 year can only be once, cause the price lattice wave of ginger moving very large (ten times, if wholesale price per kilogram in the end of the year 2012 is less than 2 yuan, closely 20 yuan of per kilograms of spring in 2014) and the cycle of fluctuating to take more than 1 year nearly.If this facility is promoted, just ginger plantation in a year is once become twice. can effectively alleviate the fluctuation of ginger valency.In the time of strained market supply, plantation also can be created good economic benefit simultaneously.
(10) the present invention, use in winter is without external heat, and photovoltaic cell and direct current water pump are also desirable selections for agricultural irrigation, and illumination dry days electric energy abundance is just while most needing to irrigate, overcast and rainy illumination electric energy deficiency, just without irrigation, belongs to energy-saving and cost-reducing project.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1-Fig. 2 is a kind of structure principle chart of the film shed that can control easily degree of opening, wherein: Fig. 2 is the vertical view (part) of film shed, the A-A cutaway view that Fig. 1 is Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 is ginger off-season cultivation film shed of the present invention and implantation methods schematic diagram (cross sectional representation).
Fig. 4-Fig. 6 is the structural representation of L-type breeding groove, and wherein Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are respectively end view and the vertical view of single-piece groove, and Fig. 6 is assembled state schematic diagram.
In figure, 1, webmaster 2, collecting ditch 3, main plantation row 4, the plantation of row ginger row 5, L-type breeding groove 51, alignment pin 52, pin-and-hole 6, outer horticultural covering film 7, inflating thin film pipe 8, internal layer horticultural covering film 81, pouch 82, film tube 83, open tricing line 84, rough rope 85, rope 9, thing grow photochromic film 10, atomizer 11, mulch film 12, little shed 13, apopore.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, a kind of off-season cultivation method of ginger, the method comprises: taking 6 meters wide double-deck booths as example, first select pervious bed more than 1 meter, preferably 0.6 meter of left and right of subterranean water level, and booth is built in immobilising plot.0.4 meter of in the middle of the booth with apart from limit, buries plastics webmaster underground for approximately 0.4 meter under ground level, webmaster diameter 20cm.Dig a underground water backflow well on side, booth operating room again.Greenhouse film 8 edges are with the upper folding of 12cm and sew up completely, then sew up with 1cm interval by T font to fold position in centre, and so just having made edge has directly through about 3cm pouch 81, and there is the film tube 82 of diameter 3cm pouch top, and between connect with 6mm aperture.More than make and can complete in film workshop.By first floor horticultural covering film 8 big-canopy framework of building up of putting on.Will put into rope in film tube and tie up on the bearing that external diameter is less than 2.5cm and pack film tube into, then draw outside just and can easily penetrate rope 85 for film tube 82 with magnet.Can be all pouch 81 water fillings in a row easily at arbitrary end of film tube 82.Then the rope 85 penetrating in film tube is tied up to respectively on the skeleton pin at booth two ends.First floor film toilet cover is good like this.The film tube 7 that fills full gas diameter 10-25cm length and approximate greatly the width of horticultural covering film is pressed on first floor horticultural covering film, and the two ends of book film pipe 7 are pricked on big-canopy framework pin, cover second layer film 6 in the above again, and then add film pressing rope (not shown in FIG.) in the above.10 of the atomizers of atomization sprinkling irrigation equipment are contained under the skeleton of booth top.Collecting ditch face width 20cm, dark 15cm.In the middle of being planted in, collecting ditch both sides are respectively with seeding row spacing 20cm two row plantations, heavily approximately 50 grams every of the ginger kinds of plantation, and better because of growing environment in facility, ginger kind should shallow planting, and covers 3cm thick soil stratum above, claims main plantation row 3.Sentencing every at the 15cm of being separated by is greater than 250 grams and is booked wide 45cm growth belt ginger in a row plantation row 4, lid 25cm thick soil stratum.Sentencing about 20cm tri-row of seeding row spacing at the 15cm of being separated by again, to plant into wide about 45cm growth belt be main plantation.Plant successively more a line row ginger plantations and the main plantation of a line.If have vacant lot to be prepared to seedling to transplant booth is other, single L-type breeding groove 5 is combined into the sheet stripe shape groove of growing seedlings, groove width 4cm left and right, dark 10cm, every groove is placed the ginger kind of each heavy approximately 30 grams with spacing in the rows 20cm.The groove of growing seedlings is interior should place water-loss reducer, to keep soil moisture in groove.Plant first floor mulch film on complete toilet cover, press inflation interlayer film tube, then cover second layer mulch film, owing to not increasing ground temperature by illumination, mulch film mainly plays anti-thermolysis.Mulch film should can repeatedly use black film with thicker.In order to obtain better heat insulation effect, can increase built-in little shed 12, be loaded on plant growth light film 9, just can start photovoltaic cell and drive water pump atomizing spray, the water of atomization absorbs in canopy and is reclaimed by saturating plant growth light film after heat, moving to reach the object of conducting heat to sandy soil layer at sandy soil layer osmotic flow by collecting ditch and webmaster.More sufficient when illumination, the temperature in canopy is higher, and photovoltaic cell electric power is also just more sufficient, and water pump is also just more for injection flow rate, is sent to underground heat also just more.This facility preferably connects a construction in flakes, so that at huge heated pool of underground formation.
Implantation time and management: taking southern East Guangdong as example, when mid-November other places harvesting ginger kind, just can start plantation, before New Year's Day, just emerged, at this moment should pack up mulch film, because the external world starts to enter 1 year time the coldest, horticultural covering film and built-in little shed film can suitably be opened in good time, to obtain carbonic acid gas for photosynthesis, the carbonic acid gas that enriches with good conditionsi.Temperature in facility can remain between 20-26 degree substantially, minimum also can remain on 13 degree more than.As the low temperature overcast and rainy day extreme weather of continuous more than ten days, circulate between webmaster just take out underground water from backflow well, the temperature in seedbed just can remain on 16 degree left and right.Receive after mulch film and can apply peanut press pulp to seedbed simultaneously, the fertilizers such as ash, due to winter booth ginger damage by disease and insect less, mostly adopt organic farming in southern East Guangdong, to obtain high-quality new ginger for export.Substantially all sprout to seedling from emerging, facility of the present invention is wanted about two weeks time, and common plantation needs one month.Before the Spring Festival, ginger just all enters seedling stage, and the row ginger plantation row of simultaneously high density high ridge plantation can start to receive and digs new ginger and go on the market together with old ginger, receives while digging interlacing and receives and dig.Also start is the shallow ridging of Jiang Miao of main plantation row simultaneously, the originally ginger of the main plantation row 3 of shallow-layer plantation, and the planting depth of planting ginger after ridging increases to 20-30cm gradually by 3.5-4.5cm.When main plantation row seedling grows while having 5 strong leaves above substantially, start to spread the photochromic film 9 of plant growth, (if sunshade net should early be let go) more than 10 degree can spread when ambient temperature is stabilized in that outer horticultural covering film 6,13 degree are above can spread built-in little shed 12.The Jiang Miao of groove 5 of growing seedlings also will enter growth animated period, should transplant in time in can controlling easily degree of opening film canopy.After the Ching Ming Festival of next year, the ginger of main plantation row has entered growth animated period, and existing 5 buds that have are more than 250 grams, and row ginger plantation row has dug substantially.Main plantation row also following earth up complete.Heat in canopy is also without storing in underground, and atomization sprinkling irrigation is used for controlling soil moisture and applying fertilizer.Rope in the water filling film tube of connection film pouch plays and makes to open the stressed more balanced of rope, does not damage film so that open film better.The pulley that is contained in the outer top of canopy makes to pull tricing line laborsaving more smoothly.Because rope does not rub with canopy film, thereby stay cord can not worn and not torn canopy film.The temperature of booth is opened tricing line with winch and temperature detect switch (TDS) control, controls booth degree of opening.Thereby realize the control to temperature of shed.Temperature detect switch (TDS) arranges 29 degree stay cords and takes off film, and 27 degree are put film envelope canopy.Stay cord is taken off film should arrange the upper limit, prevents from drawing bad rope or canopy because of temperature higher than 29 degree.The stay cord speed of winch should be slower ,-as require at 0.01-0.1m/s.Power supply provides for photovoltaic cell.After earthing up complete 20 days, ginger excavation listing quality is best, after the Clear and Bright of next year, to solar calendar October, receives successively the 3 kinds of gingers of planting of main plantation row that dig low ridge.
Claims (6)
1. an off-season cultivation method for ginger, the method comprises:
A, build film shed: select and on the plot of the good sand of infiltration ability, build film shed, film shed comprises arched framework and is coated on the film (8) on arched framework, at the dual-side pin of film, one row's pouch (81) is respectively set, pouch is used for filling water, above pouch, make again a film tube (82), on film tube, there is aperture to connect pouch, to be pouch water filling, in film tube, penetrate a rope (85), the two ends of rope tie up to respectively on the skeleton pin at booth two ends; In shed, be equiped with atomization sprinkling irrigation equipment, atomizer (10) is arranged on canopy inner top;
B, in canopy, centre and the both sides of longitudinal direction respectively arrange a collecting ditch (2), collecting ditch (2) is buried webmaster (1) below underground, webmaster is made up of hard skeleton parcel fine-meshed screen, dig a underground water backflow well on side, booth operating room, the delivery port of webmaster communicates with underground water backflow well, and the water pump of described atomization sprinkling irrigation equipment is arranged in underground water backflow well; Described webmaster is for collect the temporary warm water oozing from collecting ditch, and allows warm water better between sandy soil layer and subsurface wastewater infiltration system, and heat is also along with soil layer and underground is passed in the infiltration of warm water simultaneously; Webmaster and underground between water take out to ceiling spray painting and become water circulation by water pump again, ceiling heat is just passed to by water circulation in underground sandy soil like this;
C, ridging cultivation, the plantation of employing uneven ridges, row spacing is 40-100cm, the employing low ridge low-density shallow-layer plantation adjacent with collecting ditch (2), planting depth is 3.5-4.5cm, and line-spacing is 15-20cm, and planting density is every square metre of 0.5-1.5kg, every kind Jiang Chong is 40-60g, and described plantation is called main plantation row (3); What join with low ridge is high ridge high density deep layer plantation, planting depth is 20-30cm, planting density is every square meter 5-8kg, sentence every kind ginger that is greater than 250g and be booked the growth belt of wide 30-40cm at the 15-20cm of being separated by, the thick soil layer of lid 20-30cm, described plantation is called row's ginger plantation row (4), adopts described atomization sprinkling irrigation and conventional fertilizing management;
D, plantation harvest time: take East Guangdong as example, in the time that planting ginger, solar calendar other places mid-November results start plantation, after plantation, cover mulch film (11), in the time starting to emerge, take off receipts mulch film, before the Spring Festival, ginger just all enters seedling stage, the row ginger plantation row of high density high ridge plantation simultaneously can start receipts and dig, the new ginger that receipts are dug is together with kind of a Jiang Yiqi listing, when receipts are dug, interlacing is received and is dug, it is that the ginger that low ridge is planted is filled out ridging that the high ridge of row's ginger plantation row (4) is received when digging ginger, the high ridge of its row ginger plantation becomes ditch, the originally ginger of the main plantation row (3) of shallow-layer plantation, the planting depth of planting ginger after ridging increases to 20-30cm gradually by 3.5-4.5cm, after the Clear and Bright of next year to solar calendar October, receive successively the ginger of main plantation row (3) plantation of digging low ridge.
2. the off-season cultivation method of ginger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in a side of film, be provided with complex root and open tricing line (83), complex root is opened tricing line and is hugging the film of homonymy, the one end of opening tricing line is fixedly connected on the top of arched framework, the other end is connected with the rough rope (84) across above film shed, outside booth, pulley is loaded onto on top again, to more effectively pull rope, shed degree of opening tricing line just can be managed by winch and temperature detect switch (TDS) like this, temperature of shed exceedes to arrange prescribes a time limit, stay cord is taken off canopy, lower limit is put rope envelope canopy.
3. the off-season cultivation method of ginger according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the photochromic film of one deck plant growth (9) is installed under atomizer, and is got water hole (13) in centre; Apopore is positioned at the top of drain ditch (2), permeates between underground sandy soil and underground water by webmaster absorbing the warm water after heat in canopy.
4. the off-season cultivation method of ginger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inflating thin film pipe that is 10-25cm with diameter (7) is pressed on shed film or ground is intermembranous, on inflating thin film pipe, add a cover film again, form bilayer or multilayer cover film, to reach better heat insulation effect.
5. the off-season cultivation method of ginger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described high ridge is used for cultivating transplant, cultivate transplant and adopt L-type breeding groove (5), L-type breeding groove (5) is combined into mountain font groove in blocks, while transplanting plantation, the plantation of whole piece groove is embarked on journey, described L-type breeding groove (5) comprises bottom land and one-sided cell wall, in the bottom of cell wall, be provided with alignment pin (51), in the outer end of bottom land, be provided with the pin-and-hole (52) coordinating with adjacent lines alignment pin (51), when combination, the alignment pin (51) of one's own profession interts on the pin-and-hole (52) of adjacent lines, N L-type breeding groove combination is combined into N-1 and cultivates cell body.
6. the off-season cultivation method of ginger according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described collecting ditch face width 20cm, dark 15cm.
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