CN110051815A - 一种辅助降血糖食丸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种辅助降血糖食丸。它包括麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻、圆苞车前子壳。本发明具有质量稳定,安全有效,副作用低的优点。本发明还公开了制备所述辅助降血糖食丸的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品领域,更具体地说它是一种辅助降血糖食丸。本发明还涉及制备辅助降血糖食丸的方法。
背景技术
生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe),是姜科、姜属的多年生草本植物的新鲜根茎。别名有姜根、百辣云、勾装指、因地辛、炎凉小子、鲜生姜、蜜炙姜。姜的根茎(干姜)、栓皮(姜皮)、叶(姜叶)均可入药。生姜在中医药学里具有发散、止呕、止咳等功效。生姜含有辛辣和芳香成分。辛辣成分为一种芳香性挥发油脂中的"姜油酮"。其中主要为姜油萜、水茴香、樟脑萜、姜酚、桉叶油精、淀粉、粘液等。生姜是治疗盐酸-乙醇性溃疡的有效药物,其有效成分为姜烯,具有保护胃黏膜细胞的作用。在芳香健胃生药中,特别是姜科植物中多含有姜烯等萜类精油成分,是健胃生药的有效成分之一;生姜能使胃蛋白酶作用减弱,脂肪分解酶的作用增强.生姜可严重破坏胰酶中的淀粉酶,使胰酶对淀粉的消化作用显著下降。还可抑制淀粉酶中的β-淀粉酶,阻碍淀粉糖化,缓解血糖升高。
葛根,为豆科植物野葛,其主要成分是淀粉,此外含有约12%的黄酮类化合物,包括大豆(黄豆)甙、大豆甙元、葛根素等10余种;并含有胡萝卜甙、氨基酸、香豆素类等。可作为药物应用。葛根含多种黄酮类成分,主要活性成分为大豆素(daidzein)、大豆甙(daidzin)、葛根素(puerarin)、葛根素-7-木糖甙(puerarin-7-xyloside)等。《本草纲目》载:葛根,性凉、气平、味甘,具清热、降火、排毒诸功效。现代医学研究表明:葛根中的异黄酮类化合物葛根素对高血压、高血脂、高血糖和心脑血管疾病有一定疗效。
茯苓,俗称云苓、松苓、茯灵。茯苓的化学成分包括:茯苓的菌核含多种成分:①三萜类:茯苓酸(pachymic acid),16α-羟基齿孔酸(tumulosic acid)3β-羟基-7.9(11), 24-羊毛甾三烯-21-酸[3β-hydroxylanosta-7.9(11),24-TCMLIBien-21-oic acid],茯苓酸甲酯 (pachymic acid methyl ester),16α-羟基齿孔酸甲酯(tumulosic acid methylester),7,9 (11)-去氢茯苓酸甲酯[7,9(11)-dehydropachymic acid methyl ester],3β,16α-二羟基-7,9(11),24(31)-羊毛甾三烯-21-酸甲酯[3β,16α-dihydrox-ylanosta-7,9(11), 24(31)-TCMLIBien-21-oic acid methyl ester],多孔菌酸C甲酯(polypenic acidC methyl ester),3-氢化松苓酸(TCMLIBametenloic acid),齿孔酸(eburicoic acid),去氢齿孔酸 (dehy-droeburicoic acid),茯苓新酸(poricoic acid)A、B、C、D、DM、AM,β香树醇乙酸(β-羟基-16α-乙酰氧基-7,9(11),24-羊毛甾三烯-21-酸 [3β-hydroxy-16α-acetylosy-lanosta-7,9(11),24-TCMLIBien-21-oic acid]及7,9(11) 去氢茯苓酸[7,9(11)-dehydropachymic acid]。②多糖:茯苓聚糖(pachy-man)、茯苓次聚(Pachymaran)及高度(1,3)、(1,6)、分支的β-D-葡聚糖H11(gluan H11)。其他尚含麦角甾醇(ergo-sterol),辛酸(caprylic aid),十一烷酸(undecanoic),月桂酸(lauric acid),十二碳酸酯(dodecenoic acid),棕榈酸(palmitic acid),十二碳烯酸酯 (dodecenoate),辛酸酸(caprylate)以及无元素。茯苓具有利尿作用、抗菌作用、对消化系统的影响(茯苓对家兔离体肠管有直接松弛作用,对大鼠幽门结扎所形成的溃疡有预防效果,并能降胃酸。另对CCl4所致大鼠肝损伤有明显的保护作用,使谷丙转氨酶活性明显降低,防止肝细胞坏死。)、抗肿瘤作用、茯苓多糖体对免疫功能的影响(增加巨噬细胞的细胞毒性作用、增强小鼠脾抗体分泌细胞数(PFC)以及特异的抗原结合细胞数(SRFC)、增强小鼠脾抗体分泌细胞数(PFC)以及特异的抗原结合细胞数(SRFC)、增强 T淋巴细胞的细胞毒性)等功能。茯苓粗多糖具有降糖作用,同时能一定程度上改善糖尿病引起脂代谢紊乱情况。
栀子别名黄栀子、山栀、白蟾,是茜草科植物栀子的果实。目前,栀子的果实是传统中药,属卫生部颁布的第l批药食两用资源,具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、止血、消肿等作用,在中医临床常用于治疗黄疸型肝炎、扭挫伤、高血压、糖尿病等症。栀子含栀子甙(geniposide)、羟异栀子甙(gardenoside)、山栀甙(shanzhiside)、栀子新甙(gardoside)、栀子甙酸(geriposidic acid)、栀子黄素(gardenin)、番红花甙-Ⅰ(crocin-1)、番红花酸(cro-cetin)、鸡矢藤甙甲酯(scandoside methyl ester)等。
山药原名薯蓣,山药又称怀山药、淮山药、土薯、山薯、山芋、玉延;气味:(根) 甘、温、平、无毒。山药为多年生草本植物,茎蔓生,常带紫色,块根圆柱形,叶子对生,卵形或椭圆形,花乳白色,雌雄异株。山药补而不滞,不热不燥,能补脾气而益胃阴,而补肺益肾只能作为辅助之品。在许多抗衰老方剂中常配伍山药应用。山药水提液的体外实验表明,具有促进干扰素生成和增加T细胞数的作用。在实验性关节炎大鼠的研究中,山药水提液能显著抑制Cu2+对γ球蛋白的变性作用,表明具有抗关节炎的作用。山药水提液还可消除尿蛋白,对突变细胞具有抑制产生的作用。山药具有健脾益胃、助消化,滋肾益精,益肺止咳,降低血糖(山药含有粘液蛋白,有降低血糖的作用,可用于治疗糖尿病,是糖尿病人的食疗佳品),延年益寿,抗肝昏迷等作用。
桃仁(semenpersicae,peachseed),别名毛桃仁、扁桃仁、大桃仁,为蔷薇叶植物桃prunuspersicabatsch的种子。桃仁含苦杏仁苷、苦杏仁酶、挥发油、脂肪油,油中主要含有油酸甘油酯和少量亚油酸甘油酯。桃仁的药理作用:桃仁提取液能明显增加脑血流量,增加犬股动脉的血流量,降低血管阻力,改善血流动力学状况。提取物能改善动物的肝脏表面微循环,并促进胆汁分泌。桃仁可使小鼠的出血及凝血时间明显延长,煎剂对体外血栓有抑制作用,水煎液有纤维促进作用。桃仁中含45%的脂肪油可润滑肠道,利于排便。桃仁能促进初产妇子宫收缩及出血。水煎剂及提取物有镇痛、抗炎、抗菌、抗过敏作用。桃仁中的苦杏仁苷有镇咳平喘及抗肝纤维化的作用。
覆盆子(学名:Rubus idaeus)是一种蔷薇科悬钩子属的木本植物,是一种水果,果实味道酸甜,植株的枝干上长有倒钩刺。覆盆子有很多别名,例如:悬钩子、覆盆、覆盆莓、树梅、树莓、野莓、木莓、乌藨子。覆盆子植物可入药,有多种药物价值,其果实有补肾壮阳的作用。覆盆子油属于不饱和脂肪酸,可促进前列腺分泌苛尔蒙。掌叶覆盆子含有机酸、糖类及少量维生素C。覆盆子的药用价值为:补肝肾,缩小便,助阳,固精,明目。治阳痿,遗精,溲数,遗溺,虚劳,目暗。现代药理研究表明,覆盆子有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老和降血糖血脂等功效。
枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实。其味甘、性平具有补肝益肾之功效,《本草纲目》中说“久服坚筋骨,轻身不老,耐寒暑。”中医常用它来治疗肝肾阴亏、腰膝酸软、头晕、健忘、目眩、目昏多泪、消渴、遗精等病症。现代药理学研究证实枸杞子可调节机体免疫功能、能有效抑制肿瘤生长和细胞突变、具有延缓衰老、抗脂肪肝、调节血脂和血糖、促进造血功能等方面的作用,并应用于临床。枸杞子服用方便,可入药、嚼服、泡酒。但外邪实热,脾虚有湿及泄泻者忌服。枸杞子含甜菜碱、胡萝卜素、玉蜀黍黄素、烟酸、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、磷、铁、亚油酸,以及14种氨基酸。
玉米须异名玉麦须(《滇南本草》),玉蜀黍蕊(《现代实用中药》),棒子毛(《河北药材》)。最早药用记载见于1476年的《滇南木草》,是我国传统的中药材,《中国药典》1977年收载。为《中华人民共和国卫生部药材标准》1985版(一部)收录的常用药材品种。玉米须为禾本科植物玉蜀黍的花柱。玉米须的化学成分包含脂肪油2.5%、挥发油0.12%、树胶样物质3.8%、树脂2.7%、苦味糖甙1.15%、皂甙3.18%、生物碱O.05%。还含隐黄素、抗坏血酸、泛酸、肌醇、维生素K、谷甾醇、豆甾醇、苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸等。玉米须的药理作用包括:①利尿作用:玉米须对人或家兔均有利尿作用,可增加氯化物排出量,但作用较弱。其水浸膏甲醇不溶部分经过透析者(甲)利尿作用最强,无论口服、皮下或静脉注射均有显著效果。利尿作用主要是肾外性的,对肾脏的作用很弱。②对循环系统的作用:麻醉犬静脉注射煎剂有显著降压作用,但对慢性颈动脉皮桥狗,每日服药,连续3周,并无降压作用。甲在低浓度时对末梢血管有扩张作用。③降低血糖作用:玉米须的发酵制剂对家兔有非常显著的降低血糖作用。④利胆、止血作用:玉米须制剂能促进胆汁排泄,降低其粘度,减少其胆色素含量,因而可作为利胆药用于无并发症的慢性胆囊炎、胆汁排出障碍的胆管炎患者。它还能加速血液凝固过程,增加血中凝血酶元含量,提高血小板数,故可作为止血药兼利尿药应用于膀胱及尿路结石。
苦瓜又名凉瓜,是葫芦科植物,为一年生攀缘草本。苦瓜其他名称为:锦荔枝、癞葡萄(《救荒本草》),红姑娘(《群芳谱》),菩达(《广东新语》),凉瓜(《广州植物志》),癞瓜(《民间常用草药汇编》),红羊(《泉州本草》)。苦瓜的中医药化学成分为:果实含苦瓜甙(Charantin),是β-谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙(β-Sitosterol-β-D-glucoside)和5,25-豆甾二烯醇-3-葡萄糖甙(5,25-Stigmastadien-3β-ol-β-D-glucoside)的等分子混合物。尚含5-羟基色胺和多种氨基酸如谷氨酸、丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、α-氨基丁酸、瓜氨酸、半乳糖醛酸、果胶。又含类脂(lipid),其中脂肪酸为棕榈酸(palmitic acid);硬脂酸(stearic acid),油酸(oleic acid),亚油酸(linoleic acid),亚麻酸(linolenic acid),桐酸(elacostearic acid)[7]。苦瓜具有如下功效:①苦瓜具有清热消暑、养血益气、补肾健脾、滋肝明目的功效,对治疗痢疾、疮肿、中暑发热、痱子过多、结膜炎等病有一定的功效。②苦瓜的维生素C含量很高,具有预防坏血病、保护细胞膜、防止动脉粥样硬化、提高机体应激能力、保护心脏等作用。③苦瓜中的有效成分可以抑制正常细胞的癌变和促进突变细胞的复原,具有一定的抗癌作用。④苦瓜中的苦瓜素被誉为“脂肪杀手”能使摄取的脂肪和多糖减少。国内外学者对其中的降血糖功能因子进行大量研究,认为苦瓜中存在植物胰岛素、皂苷等功能成分。庞宗然等人发现,苦瓜中降糖成分不只有皂甙和植物蛋白,还有其他更强的降糖活性化合物。
人参,多年生草本植物,喜阴凉、湿润的气候,由于根部肥大,形若纺锤,常有分叉,全貌颇似人的头、手、足和四肢,故而称为人参。古代人参的雅称为黄精、地精、神草。人参被人们称为“百草之王”,是闻名遐迩的“东北三宝”(人参、貂皮、鹿茸)之一,是驰名中外、老幼皆知的名贵药材。人参具有如下药理作用:人参中多种人参皂甙能增加肾上腺皮质激素分泌活性,其中以人参皂甙Rb最强。人参皂甙刺激肾上腺皮质能使血浆内皮质酮水平升高。人参皂甙主要作用于肾上腺皮质,使皮质增生变厚。由于皮质激素分泌增加,因此在肾上腺重量增加的同时亦能使胸腺萎缩。人参提取物对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病有降低血糖值、减少酮体、促进糖吸收的作用。对人参降糖机制的研究发现,人参多肽降血糖作用除了其促进糖原分解或抑制乳酸合成肝糖原作用外,主要由于刺激了琥珀酸脱氢酶和CCD的活性使糖的有氧氧化作用增强的缘故。人参多糖亦可使丙酮酸含量增加,并抑制乳酸脱氢酶活性使乳酸减少。人参多糖还可增强琥珀酸脱氢酶和细胞色素氧化酶的活性。人参对糖代谢有双向调节作用,既能使葡萄糖性的高血糖症的血糖降低,又可使胰岛素引起的低血糖症的血糖升高。
黄精,又名老虎姜、鸡头参。为百合科植物滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianumColl.et Hemsl.)、黄精(Polygonatum sibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(Polygonatumcyrtonema Hua.) 的干燥根茎。功能为:补脾润肺,养阴生津。黄精的药用价值为:抗病原微生物作用、对血糖的影响(兔灌胃黄精浸膏,其血糖含量渐次增高,然后降低。黄精浸膏对肾上腺素引起的血糖过高呈显著抑制作用)、抗疲劳作用、抗氧化作用、延缓衰老作用、止血作用、对心血管作用、抗病毒作用等。
乌梅为蔷薇科植物梅Prunus mume(Sieb.)Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥近成熟果实。夏季果实近成熟时采收,低温烘干后闷至色变黑。[性味归经]酸、涩,平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。乌梅的化学成分为:果实含枸缘酸(citric acid),苹果酸(malic acid),草酸(oxalicacid),琥珀酸(succinic acid)和延胡索酸(fumaric acid)总酸量约4%-5.5%,以前两种有机酸的含量较多。还含5-羟甲基-2-糠醛(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde),为无色油状物。所含挥发性成分,主要有苯甲醛(benzaldehyde)62.40%,4-松油烯醇(terpinen-4-ol)3.97%,苯甲醇(benzyl alcohol)3.97%和十六烷酸(hexadecanoic acid)4.55%。乌梅仁含苦杏仁甙 (amygdalin)约0.5%,而梅仁含约4.3%。乌梅具有止泻痢,止咳,安蛔,生津,止血,敛肺,涩肠,用于肺虚久咳,久痢久泻,虚热消渴,蛔厥呕吐腹痛,胆道蛔虫症等功效。乌梅在中药药方里可以被用来治疗糖尿病,可以改善患者的消渴症状。现代多人研究发现,乌梅治疗2型糖尿病效果显著。
麦芽为禾本科植物大麦Hordeum vulgare L.的成熟果实经发芽干燥而得。将麦粒用水浸泡后,保持适宜温、湿度,待幼芽长至约0.5cm时,干燥。性味与归经:甘,平。归脾、胃经。功能与主治:行气消食,健脾开胃,退乳消胀。用于食积不消,脘腹胀痛,脾虚食少,乳汗郁积,乳房胀痛,妇女断乳,生麦芽健脾和胃通乳。用于脾虚食少,乳汗郁积。炒麦芽行气消食回乳。用于食积不消,妇女断乳。焦麦芽消食化滞。用于食积不消,脘腹胀痛。麦芽的化学成分包括:麦芽主要含α-及β-淀粉酶、催化酶、麦芽糖及大麦芽碱、腺嘌呤、胆碱、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素B、D、E、细胞色素C等。麦芽的药理作用为:麦芽所含淀粉酶能将淀粉分解成麦芽糖和糊精,其煎剂对胃酸及胃蛋白酶的分泌有轻度促进作用;水煎剂中提出一种胰淀粉酶激活剂,亦可助消化;因淀粉酶不耐高温,麦芽炒焦及入煎剂将会降低其活力。麦芽浸剂口服可使家兔与正常人血糖降低;其注射液,可使血糖降低40%或更多。生麦芽可扩张母鼠乳腺泡及增加乳汁充盈度,炮制后则作用减弱;麦芽回乳和催乳的双向作用关键不在于生用或炒用,而在于剂量大小的差异,即小剂量催乳,大剂量回乳,如用于抑制乳汁分泌(回乳)用量应在30g以上;麦芽有类似溴隐亭类物质,能抑制泌乳素分泌。大麦碱的药理作用类似麻黄碱,其中A 和B还有抗真菌作用。
玉竹原产我国西南地区,但野生分布很广。耐寒,亦耐阴,喜潮湿环境,适宜生长于含腐殖质丰富的疏松土壤。玉竹属百合科黄精属多年生草生植物。《神农本草经》列为上品之药。李时珍说:"其叶光莹像竹,其根长而多节,故有玉竹,地节诸名"。玉竹的成分为:含生物硷,强心甙(为铃兰甙、铃兰苦甙等),粘液质,经水解后产生果糖、葡萄糖及阿拉优质产品胶糖。此外还含有白屈菜酸,菠酸,维生素A类物质,并有显著的生物硷反应。玉竹的药理作用为:玉竹的铃兰甙有强心作用,小剂量可使心搏增速和加强,大剂量则相反。玉竹煎剂对心脏和血管的作用,与文献报告中玉竹甙的作用相符合。主治时疾寒热,内补不足,止消渴,润心肺。玉竹被用于治疗糖尿病已经有几千年的历史。其主要成分为皂苷、黄酮和多糖。近代药理学研究认为,玉竹有强心、扩张血管、降血压、降血糖、降血脂和增强免疫功能等作用。
甘草(英文名:Licorice,学名:Radix Glycyrrhiza),甘草是临床最常应用的药品之一。甘草性平,味甘,归十二经,是一种补益中草药。生甘草能清热解毒,润肺止咳,调和诸药性;炙甘草能补脾益气。除药用之外,食品上也大量用甘草做糕点添加剂,它的甜度是蔗糖的百倍。甘草喜阳光充沛,日照长气温低的干燥气候。甘草多生长在干旱、半干旱的荒漠草原、沙漠边缘和黄土丘陵地带。甘草的别名很多,如:国老,国老草,蜜草,蜜甘,美草,棒草,甜甘草,甜草,甜草根,甜根子,红甘草,粉甘草,粉草,蕗草,灵通,主人,大嗷,偷蜜珊瑚肉等。甘草含有很多化学成分,但以甘草甜素 (Glycyrrhizin),甘草次酸(glycyrrhertinic acid)为主。甘草功能主治:补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。甘草的药用价值为:①用于心气虚,心悸怔忡,脉结代,以及脾胃气虚,倦怠乏力等。前者,常与桂枝配伍,如桂枝甘草汤、炙甘草汤。后者,常与党参、白术等同用,如四君子汤、理中丸等。②用于痈疽疮疡、咽喉肿痛等。可单用,内服或外敷,或配伍应用。痈疽疮疡,常与金银花、连翘等同用,共奏清热解毒之功,如仙方活命饮。咽喉肿痛,常与桔梗同用,如桔梗汤。若农药、食物中毒,常配绿豆或与防风水煎服。③用于气喘咳嗽。可单用,亦可配伍其他药物应用。如治湿痰咳嗽的二陈汤;治寒痰咳喘的苓甘五味姜辛汤;治燥痰咳嗽的桑杏汤;治热毒而致肺痈咳唾腥臭脓痰的桔梗汤;治咳唾涎沫的甘草干姜汤等。另风热咳嗽、风寒咳嗽、热痰咳嗽亦常配伍应用。④用于胃痛、腹痛及腓肠肌挛急疼痛等,常与芍药同用,能显著增强治挛急疼痛的疗效,如芍药甘草汤。⑤用于调和某些药物的烈性。如调味承气汤用本品缓和大黄、芒硝的泻下作用及其对胃肠道的刺激。另外,在许多处方中也常用本品调和诸药。现代药理表明甘草具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、杭炎、保肝、降血糖等功效。
茶树花内含成分具有解毒、抑菌、降糖、延缓衰老、防癌抗癌和增强免疫力等功效,其蛋白质、茶多糖、茶多酚、活性抗氧化物质超出茶叶中同类物质含量。茶树花与茶叶一样,也有很多对人体有益的养生功效。因为茶树花生长期较长,所以含有多种对人体有益的物质,特别是抗氧化物质含量很高,其抗氧化能力也是比较强的。同时还具有解毒、降脂、降糖、抗衰老、抗癌、抑癌、滋补、壮体、养颜美容等功效。茶树花的功效与作用如下:①茶树花能抗氧化,抗氧化是茶树花的重要作用之一,它含有大量的茶多酚与一些黄酮类物质,可以提高细胞活性,也能减少身体内氧化反应的发生,还能清除自由基,平时人们食用它能起到良好的抗氧化作用,而且能延缓多种衰老症状的发生。②茶树花能防癌抗癌,茶树花有很强的解毒能力,能有效把身体内的癌症病毒清理出体外,同时它含有的微量元素硒和维生素E也是天然的抗癌成分,它们能预防细胞癌变,也能抑制癌细胞再生,平时健康人食用能预防部症,癌症患者食用茶树茶则能控制病情,抑制病情恶化。③茶树花能降糖降脂,茶树花本身糖份含量特别少,它还含有一种天然的降糖成分,能让人体过高的血糖降下来,也能促进胰岛素分泌,修复受损的胰岛细胞,对治疗糖尿病的维持血糖稳定有很大的好处,另外茶树花中的酚类物质,还能清理血液中的胆固醇,也能软化血管,对高血脂也有一定的调理作用。
辣木叶是树木辣木的叶子,辣木是印度热带雨林中乔木树的一种,其又被称为鼓槌树,在印度有“奇迹树”、“医药百宝箱”的美称,无疑辣木叶是对人体好处非常多的。辣木叶既可以当做食材食用,也可以当做一种药物。辣木叶的功效与作用如下:①辣木叶有降血糖、降脂、降压、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、通便、利尿、驱虫、改善睡眠等功效,长期食用可增强人体免疫功能、延缓衰老、预防疾病。②辣木叶可增强免疫力、排毒、塑身、抗老化、抗癌、并对多种慢性及重大疾病都有极大的改善功效。③辣木叶是纯天然绿色食品,含有人体所需的全部营养物质,可取代复合维生素、钙片、鱼肝油等,特别对高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、痛风等有很好的效果。④辣木叶可协助预防疾病、改善睡眠、增强记忆力、延缓衰老,可用来治疗肝脏、脾脏、经络等特殊部位的疾病,还具有治疗口臭和醒酒等作用。
盐藻(Dunaliella salina),亦称“杜氏藻”。绿藻纲,盐藻科。一类极端耐盐的单细胞真核绿藻。盐藻是一种生存在高浓盐湖中的单细胞真核藻类,属浮游生物。盐藻素是用现代科技手段从盐藻中提取、浓缩、精制而成。盐藻中含有的天然类胡萝卜素不仅包括全反式β-胡萝卜素,还有9顺式β-胡萝卜素,除此以外还有α-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、玉米黄素、γ-胡萝卜素等。盐藻中的类胡萝卜素都具有强抗氧化作用,如α-胡萝卜素比β- 胡萝卜素的抗氧化能力还高10余倍。盐藻的出现替代了化学合成的β-胡萝卜素,(人工化学合成的胡萝卜素为全反式β-胡萝卜素,在市场上占99%以上),盐藻中还具有对人体有益的18种氨基酸及营养素等。盐藻素与细胞健康科学研究证明:单细胞微生物盐藻的提取物——盐藻素中的元素含量比例与人体的体液、细胞浆液元素比例相吻合,可直接营养细胞、真正全面解决细胞受损问题。盐藻素对细胞的作用机理可概括为:“清”、“调”“补”“修”;具体如下:①清除自由基,自由基,化学上也称为“游离基”,是含有一个不成对电子的原子团。由于原子形成分子时,化学键中电子必须成对出现,因此自由基就到处夺取细胞内电子,从而严重损害机体的组织和细胞,进而引起慢性疾病及衰老效应。盐藻素中的天然β-胡萝卜素是医学界公认的抗氧化之王,具有多个共轭多烯双键的特殊结构,这种结构使它能与含氧自由基发生不可逆反应,达到清除自由基以及淬灭单线态氧的作用和捕捉并清除过氧化自由基。因此β-胡萝卜素是一种良好的自由基猝灭剂,也就是自由基的终结者。维生素E在体内可保护易氧化物质。盐藻素中β-胡萝卜素、硒、维生素E等抗氧化作用能够清除自由基,使细胞免受自由基的侵害,保护细胞膜,增强了细胞的通透性。②调节酸碱平衡,细胞受损的另一个原因是占人体的69%的体液酸碱失衡。正常人的体液其PH值在7.35-7.45之间,呈弱碱性。当人体体内体液酸碱度失衡时,极易导致血压、血糖的不稳定,心脏病、骨关节疾病和一系列免疫疾病的发生。现代医学发现,盐藻素具有迅速调节机体酸碱平衡的作用,其作用机理十分复杂。但其中一个途径已经获得明确的结论,就是盐藻素中含有大量的矿物质,矿物质在人体内具有重要的生理功能。盐藻素中的大量矿物质、氨基酸、维生素等可调节细胞酸碱平衡,为细胞提供中性或者弱碱性的生存环境,令细胞更具活力。③全面补充细胞营养素,碳水化合物、蛋白质、矿物质、维生素及微量元素等各种营养素是维持细胞健康的最基本的条件,细胞所需各种营养的不平衡,过剩或者比例失调,都会导致细胞受损。盐藻素是源自生物体内的全营养素,富含人体健康所需的多种营养元素。如维生素类:维生素 A、叶酸、天然类胡萝卜素等;脂类营养素:卵磷脂、亚油酸、亚麻酸等;糖类营养素:盐藻多糖等;矿物质及微量元素类:钙、铁、锌、硒等70多种;氨基酸类:18种氨基酸,其中8种为人体必需氨基酸;盐藻素中元素含量比例与人体体液、细胞浆液相吻合,可全面补充细胞所需营养元素,增强细胞动力。④修复糖链,“糖链”,是由葡萄糖、半乳糖等糖类分子按特定序列形成的链状物,糖链依附在细胞表面,并作为生物信息分子参与细胞生物几乎所有的生命和疾病过程,起着特异性的识别、介导、调控等信号转导作用,被称为细胞功能的“传导器”。医学研究发现,人体包括癌症在内的所有慢性疾病都与糖链结构异常有着密不可分的联系。盐藻素中盐藻多糖的有效成份可修复糖链,恢复细胞间信息的正常表达与识别,解决由细胞糖链受损所引发的各种疾病,对人体健康有着不可估量的作用。
圆苞车前子壳是人工种植的车前科车前属圆苞车前(拉丁学名:Plantago ovata)种子的外壳,因富含可溶性膳食纤维,被广泛应用于药品、保健品、食品、饮料以及饲料产品中。圆苞车前子外壳富含胶质(Mucilage,欧车前亲水胶),由树胶醛醣、木糖、半乳胶醛酸、半干燥脂肪油及少量珊瑚木苷(Aucubine)组成。圆苞车前子壳中富含膳食纤维,高达80%以上,而其中可溶性膳食纤维与不溶性膳食纤维的比例高达7:3。其他营养成分主要包括葡萄糖甙、蛋白质、多糖、维生素B1和胆碱。圆苞车前子壳的主要功效为:①润肠通便,有效成分是种子外壳中的多糖分子,叫Arabynoxylan。这个非常特殊的多糖分子能很快吸收水,形成透明的糊状物质。在小肠中吸水形成糊状团块,可改善粪便与肠壁的润滑条件,促进排便速度。②心血管疾病,心脏病-降血脂(Heart Disease-Lowering Blood Cholesterol)对于许多肥胖的人而言,心脏病是主要的健康危险,这是由于LDL胆固醇过高所致,可溶性圆苞车前子纤维具有降低血胆固醇的功效。在结肠(Colon)内益生菌的作用下,圆苞车前子纤维中的糖类物质经发酵分解为短链脂肪酸(Short Chain Fatty Acids),从而阻止胆固醇的合成。③肠道功能,圆苞车前子纤维可用于防止/治疗便秘或腹泻。它可充分吸收水分,增大体积至可排泄团块,增加肠道蠕动,减少粪便在肠内运送时间,并逐渐变得有规律。④预防结肠癌(Colon Cancer)及其他肠胃疾病的罹患机率,大量的数据显示,纤维不仅可以预防肠胃疾病,而且还可预防一些致命的疾病,研究报告指出,如膳食中缺少纤维质,将增长食物残渣停留在肠道的时间,而增加致癌因子的生成及其与肠壁粘膜的接触时间,易引致大肠癌或其它病变的罹患机会。纤维质可改变肠内微生物的种类及数目。另外,圆苞车前子纤维还发挥解毒剂的作用。通过大量吸收水分和其他有害物质,增大粪便体积,使重金属和其他有害化学毒素被吸附在粪便团块内,从而降低致癌物或有害物质之浓度;同时,促进肠道蠕动,加速其排出,减少与肠壁粘膜接触的时间。因而可预防或降低结肠癌、大肠炎等肠道疾患之罹患机率。⑤糖尿病-血糖控制(Diabetes-Blood Glucose Control),圆苞车前子纤维有助于控制饭后的血糖上升。同时,通过对糖尿病的干预,圆苞车前草有助于减少糖尿病患者对胰岛素的需求量。⑥憩室炎(Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis),圆苞车前子纤维使到达结肠内的物质体积增大,还能增加肠道的蠕动,减小对肠胃壁压力。这种调节作用有助于降低憩室炎的症状,甚至防止憩室炎的发病。⑦控制体重(Weight Control),由于圆苞车前子壳含有丰富的水溶性纤维,遇水会膨胀形成数十倍的凝胶团,能增加饱足感,却不会提供热量,而且降低热量摄取。
麦芽糖醇是一种新型的功能性甜味剂,由于其具有低热量、非龋齿性、难消化性、促进钙的吸收等多种生理特性,已经引起了人们的广泛关注。麦芽糖醇,又名氢化麦芽糖。麦芽糖醇为白色结晶性粉末或无色透明的中性黏稠液体,易溶于水,不溶于甲醇和乙醇。麦芽糖醇的甜度为蔗糖的85%~95%。麦芽糖醇具有耐热性、耐酸性、保湿性和非发酵性等特点,基本上不起美拉德反应。在体内不被消化吸收,热值仅为蔗糖的5%,不使血糖升高,不增加胆固醇,为疗效食品的理想甜味剂。麦芽糖醇用于儿童食品,可防龋齿。麦芽糖醇具有如下性质:①促进钙的吸收:麦芽糖醇有促进肠道对钙吸收的作用和增加骨量及提升骨强度的性能。②不刺激胰岛素的分泌:麦芽糖醇由于难以消化吸收,血糖值上升少,故而对葡萄糖代谢所必须的胰岛素的分泌,没有什么刺激作用,这样一来减少了胰岛素的分泌。由此可见,麦芽糖醇可以作为供糖尿病患者食用的甜味剂。③难消化性:麦芽糖醇在人体内几乎完全不能为唾液、胃液、小肠膜酶等分解,除肠内细菌可利用一部分外,其余均无法消化而排出体外。摄人体内的麦芽糖醇中,约10%在小肠分解吸收后作为能源利用;余下的90%在大肠内的细菌作用下分解为短链脂肪酸,其余一部分在大肠吸收后作为能源利用。
平车前,学名Plantago depressa Willd.,俗称车前草。车前草为车前草科植物车前及平车前的全株,味甘,性寒。具有利尿、清热、明目、祛痰的功效。主治小便不通、淋浊、带下、尿血、黄疸、水肿、热痢、泄泻、鼻衄、目赤肿痛、喉痹、咳嗽、皮肤溃疡等。
罗勒,是唇形目、唇形科、罗勒属植物,为药食两用芳香植物,有疏风行气,化湿消食、活血、解毒之功能。用于外感头痛、食胀气滞、脘痛、泄泻、月经不调、跌打损伤、蛇虫咬伤、皮肤湿疮、瘾疹痛痒等症的治疗。
随着科技的进步,社会的发展,生活节奏的加快,食物越来越精细,高脂高糖高蛋白含量的食物越来越多,高血糖人群越来越多、年龄越来越年轻化;为了方便、快捷地降血糖,人们通常偏向通过药物控制血糖,但是长期服用药物对人体的副作用较大,容易引起并发症;因此,现亟需开发一种降血糖效果较好的降血糖保健食品。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是为了提供一种辅助降血糖食丸,降血糖效果较好。
本发明的第二目的是为了提供制备所述辅助降血糖食丸的方法。
为了实现上述本发明的第一目的,本发明的技术方案为:辅助降血糖食丸,其特征在于:包括麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻、圆苞车前子壳;所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为30-50份、生姜按重量份数计为3-10份、葛根按重量份数计为10-15份、茯苓按重量份数计为10-15份、栀子按重量份数计为6-10份、山药按重量份数计为15-30份、桃仁按重量份数计为5-10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为 6-12份、枸杞子按重量份数计为6-12份、玉米须按重量份数计为20-30份、苦瓜按重量份数计为10-20份、人参按重量份数计为3-9份、黄精按重量份数计为9-15份、乌梅按重量份数计为6-12份、麦芽按重量份数计为10-15份、玉竹按重量份数计为6-12 份、甘草按重量份数计为2-10份、茶树花按重量份数计为2-6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为5-10份、盐藻按重量份数计为1-3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为5-10份。
在上述技术方案中,还包括平车前和罗勒,平车前按重量份数计为10-30份、罗勒按重量份数计为5-10份。
在上述技术方案中,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为41-43份、生姜按重量份数计为6-8份、葛根按重量份数计为12-14份、茯苓按重量份数计为13-15份、栀子按重量份数计为7-9份、山药按重量份数计为24-26份、桃仁按重量份数计为8-10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为9-11份、枸杞子按重量份数计为8-10份、玉米须按重量份数计为24-26 份、苦瓜按重量份数计为14-16份、人参按重量份数计为5-7份、黄精按重量份数计为 11-13份、乌梅按重量份数计为9-11份、麦芽按重量份数计为10-12份、玉竹按重量份数计为9-11份、甘草按重量份数计为7-9份、茶树花按重量份数计为4-6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为7-9份、盐藻按重量份数计为2-3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为6-8 份、平车前按重量份数计为19-21份、罗勒按重量份数计为6-8份。
在上述技术方案中,平车前:甘草:辣木叶:罗勒为2.5﹕1﹕1﹕0.875。
在上述技术方案中,生姜:桃仁:盐藻:玉竹为0.7﹕0.9﹕0.2﹕1。
在上述技术方案中,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为42份、生姜按重量份数计为7份、葛根按重量份数计为13份、茯苓按重量份数计为14份、栀子按重量份数计为8份、山药按重量份数计为25份、桃仁按重量份数计为9份、覆盆子按重量份数计为10份、枸杞子按重量份数计为9份、玉米须按重量份数计为25份、苦瓜按重量份数计为15份、人参按重量份数计为6份、黄精按重量份数计为12份、乌梅按重量份数计为10份、麦芽按重量份数计为11份、玉竹按重量份数计为10份、甘草按重量份数计为8份、茶树花按重量份数计为5份、辣木叶按重量份数计为8份、盐藻按重量份数计为2份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为7份、平车前按重量份数计为20份、罗勒按重量份数计为7 份。
为了实现上述本发明的第二目的,本发明的技术方案为:制备所述的辅助降血糖食丸的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤,
步骤一:称取所述重量份的麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子壳;
步骤二:将生姜、栀子、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、黄精、乌梅、麦芽和玉竹混合,得到第一混合物;
将第一混合物用水回流提取二次:第一次提取时加十倍于第一混合物的水的纯化水,在90~100℃温度条件下提取1.5小时,过滤,得到第一次提取滤液和滤渣;第二次提取时加八倍于第一混合物的水,在90~100℃温度条件下提取滤渣1.5小时,过滤,得到第二次提取滤液和滤渣;
混合第一次提取滤液和第二次提取滤液后采用200目筛过滤得到混合滤液;
采用真空浓缩罐对混合滤液进行浓缩、直至混合滤液在温度为60~70℃条件下,相对密度为1.20~1.4;其中,浓缩温度为60~70℃、真空度为-0.04~-0.08MPa;
采用真空干燥机对浓缩后的混合滤液进行干燥,得到第一混合提取物,干燥温度为 60~70℃、真空度为-0.04~-0.08MPa;
将干燥后的第一混合提取物进行粉碎后过80目筛;
步骤三:将葛根、茯苓、山药、苦瓜、人参、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子壳分别用微粉粉碎机粉碎后混合,得到第二混合物;将第二混合物过200目筛;
步骤四:将过筛后的第一混合提取物和第二混合物混合均匀,得到第三混合物;
取一部分第三混合物、并加入麦芽糖醇水溶液,用混合机将第三混合物和麦芽糖醇水溶液混合均匀,得到第四混合物;将第四混合物密封后静置30分钟,使粉末物料充分吸水膨胀;
步骤五:用制丸机将静置后的第四混合物制成6~10毫米直径的丸子,并将丸子置于烘箱烘干至丸子含水量小于或等于20%,烘箱温度为40~50℃,烘干时间为2~4个小时;
步骤六:用筛分机筛分出大小合格的丸子;
步骤七:将筛分出的合格丸子置于荸荠锅中,并加入少量第四混合物混合,混合均匀后加入麦芽糖醇水溶液,如此反复,直至丸子圆整光滑,丸重达到需求;
步骤八:将合格的丸子置于烘箱中用40~60℃烘至水分小于或等于15%。
在上述技术方案中,步骤一中,还称取所述重量份的平车前和罗勒;
步骤二中,第一混合物还包括平车前;
步骤三中,第二混合物还包括罗勒。
所述人参为人工种植人参;所述罗勒采用全草入丸。
本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明为一种降血糖的保健食品,其降血糖效果较好,服用方式简单,安全无毒副作用;
(2)本发明使用药食同源和新食品原料,进行科学组方和配伍,安全性高,可以降低长期服用药物对人体的副作用;本发明采用麦芽糖醇为原料,对于传统中药丸剂必须用蜂蜜做为辅料来制作蜜丸,是一个技术创新和突破。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细说明本发明的实施情况,但它们并不构成对本发明的限定,仅作举例而已。同时通过说明使本发明的优点更加清楚和容易理解。
辅助降血糖食丸,包括麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻、圆苞车前子壳;所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为30-50份、生姜按重量份数计为3-10 份、葛根按重量份数计为10-15份、茯苓按重量份数计为10-15份、栀子按重量份数计为6-10份、山药按重量份数计为15-30份、桃仁按重量份数计为5-10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为6-12份、枸杞子按重量份数计为6-12份、玉米须按重量份数计为20-30份、苦瓜按重量份数计为10-20份、人参按重量份数计为3-9份、黄精按重量份数计为9-15 份、乌梅按重量份数计为6-12份、麦芽按重量份数计为10-15份、玉竹按重量份数计为6-12份、甘草按重量份数计为2-10份、茶树花按重量份数计为2-6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为5-10份、盐藻按重量份数计为1-3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为5-10 份。
进一步地,还包括平车前和罗勒,平车前按重量份数计为10-30份、罗勒按重量份数计为5-10份。
进一步地,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为41-43份、生姜按重量份数计为6-8份、葛根按重量份数计为12-14份、茯苓按重量份数计为13-15份、栀子按重量份数计为7-9 份、山药按重量份数计为24-26份、桃仁按重量份数计为8-10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为9-11份、枸杞子按重量份数计为8-10份、玉米须按重量份数计为24-26份、苦瓜按重量份数计为14-16份、人参按重量份数计为5-7份、黄精按重量份数计为11-13份、乌梅按重量份数计为9-11份、麦芽按重量份数计为10-12份、玉竹按重量份数计为9-11 份、甘草按重量份数计为7-9份、茶树花按重量份数计为4-6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为7-9份、盐藻按重量份数计为2-3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为6-8份、平车前按重量份数计为19-21份、罗勒按重量份数计为6-8份。
更进一步地,平车前:甘草:辣木叶:罗勒为2.5﹕1﹕1﹕0.875。
更进一步地,生姜:桃仁:盐藻:玉竹为0.7﹕0.9﹕0.2﹕1。
更进一步地,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为42份、生姜按重量份数计为7份、葛根按重量份数计为13份、茯苓按重量份数计为14份、栀子按重量份数计为8份、山药按重量份数计为25份、桃仁按重量份数计为9份、覆盆子按重量份数计为10份、枸杞子按重量份数计为9份、玉米须按重量份数计为25份、苦瓜按重量份数计为15份、人参按重量份数计为6份、黄精按重量份数计为12份、乌梅按重量份数计为10份、麦芽按重量份数计为11份、玉竹按重量份数计为10份、甘草按重量份数计为8份、茶树花按重量份数计为5份、辣木叶按重量份数计为8份、盐藻按重量份数计为2份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为7份、平车前按重量份数计为20份、罗勒按重量份数计为7份。
制备所述的辅助降血糖食丸的方法,包括如下步骤,
步骤一:称取所述重量份的麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子壳;葛根、茯苓、山药、苦瓜、人参、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻、圆苞车前子壳的含水率均小于或等于9%;
步骤二:将生姜、栀子、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、黄精、乌梅、麦芽和玉竹混合,得到第一混合物;
将第一混合物用水回流提取二次:第一次提取时加十倍于第一混合物的水的纯化水,在90~100℃温度条件下提取1.5小时,过滤,得到第一次提取滤液和滤渣;第二次提取时加八倍于第一混合物的水,在90~100℃温度条件下提取滤渣1.5小时,过滤,得到第二次提取滤液和滤渣;
混合第一次提取滤液和第二次提取滤液后采用200目筛过滤得到混合滤液;
采用真空浓缩罐对混合滤液进行浓缩、直至混合滤液在温度为60~70℃条件下,相对密度为1.20~1.4;其中,浓缩温度为60~70℃、真空度为-0.04~-0.08MPa;
采用真空干燥机对浓缩后的混合滤液进行干燥,干燥至含水率≤9%,得到第一混合提取物,干燥温度为60~70℃、真空度为-0.04~-0.08MPa;
将干燥后的第一混合提取物进行粉碎后过80目筛;
步骤三:将葛根、茯苓、山药、苦瓜、人参、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子壳分别用微粉粉碎机粉碎后混合,得到第二混合物;将第二混合物过200目筛;
步骤四:将过筛后的第一混合提取物和第二混合物混合均匀,得到第三混合物;将麦芽糖醇和纯化水以1:1的比例混合成麦芽糖醇水溶液;
取一部分第三混合物、并加入麦芽糖醇水溶液,麦芽糖醇水溶液的量一般为第三混合物(第三混合物为过200目筛的粉末)重量的50%-80%,用混合机将第三混合物和麦芽糖醇水溶液混合均匀,得到第四混合物;将第四混合物密封后静置30分钟,使粉末物料充分吸水膨胀;
步骤五:用制丸机将静置后的第四混合物制成6~10毫米直径的丸子,并将丸子置于烘箱烘干至丸子含水量小于或等于20%,烘箱温度为40~50℃,烘干时间为2~4个小时;
步骤六:用筛分机筛分出大小合格的丸子;
步骤七:将步骤六筛分出的合格丸子置于荸荠锅中、并加入少量第四混合物混合,混合均匀后加入麦芽糖醇水溶液,如此反复,直至丸子圆整光滑,丸重达到需求;
步骤八:将合格的丸子置于烘箱中用40~60℃烘干至丸子含水量小于或等于15%。
步骤一中,还称取所述重量份的平车前和罗勒;
步骤二中,第一混合物还包括平车前;
步骤三中,第二混合物还包括罗勒。
实施例
实施例1
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为45份、生姜按重量份数计为9份、葛根按重量份数计为15份、茯苓按重量份数计为15份、栀子按重量份数计为10份、山药按重量份数计为30份、桃仁按重量份数计为10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为12份、枸杞子按重量份数计为12份、玉米须按重量份数计为30份、苦瓜按重量份数计为20 份、人参(人工种植)按重量份数计为3份、黄精按重量份数计为9份、乌梅按重量份数计为6份、麦芽按重量份数计为10份、玉竹按重量份数计为6份、甘草按重量份数计为10份、茶树花按重量份数计为2份、辣木叶按重量份数计为5份、盐藻按重量份数计为3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为5份。
其制备方法包括如下步骤,
步骤一:称取所述重量份的麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参(人工种植)、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子壳;
步骤二:将生姜、栀子、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、黄精、乌梅、麦芽和玉竹混合,得到第一混合物;
将第一混合物用水回流提取二次:第一次提取时加十倍于第一混合物的水的纯化水,在100℃温度条件下提取1.5小时,过滤,得到第一次提取滤液和滤渣;第二次提取时加八倍于第一混合物的水,在100℃温度条件下提取滤渣1.5小时,过滤,得到第二次提取滤液和滤渣;
混合第一次提取滤液和第二次提取滤液后采用200目筛过滤得到混合滤液;
采用真空浓缩罐对混合滤液进行浓缩,直至混合滤液在温度为70℃条件下,相对密度为1.4;其中,浓缩温度为70℃、真空度为-0.07MPa;
采用真空干燥机对浓缩后的混合滤液进行干燥,得到第一混合提取物,干燥温度为 70℃、真空度为-0.08MPa;
将干燥后的第一混合提取物进行粉碎后过80目筛;
步骤三:将葛根、茯苓、山药、苦瓜、人参(人工种植)、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子壳分别用微粉粉碎机粉碎后混合,得到第二混合物;将第二混合物过200 目筛;
步骤四:将过筛后的第一混合提取物和第二混合物混合均匀,得到第三混合物;
取一部分第三混合物、并加入麦芽糖醇水溶液,用混合机将第三混合物和麦芽糖醇水溶液混合均匀,得到第四混合物;将第四混合物密封后静置30分钟,使粉末物料充分吸水膨胀;
步骤五:用制丸机将静置后的第四混合物制成10毫米直径的丸子,并将丸子置于烘箱烘干至水分含量20%,烘箱温度为40℃,烘干时间为4小时;
步骤六:用筛分机筛分出大小合格的丸子;
步骤七:将筛分出的合格丸子置于荸荠锅中,并加入少量第四混合物混合,混合均匀后加入麦芽糖醇水溶液(麦芽糖醇和水的比例为1:1),如此反复,直至丸子圆整光滑,丸重达到需求;
步骤八:将合格的丸子置于烘箱中用60℃烘干至丸子水分含量小于或等于15%,得到辅助降血糖食丸成品。
实施例2
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为31份、生姜按重量份数计为4份、葛根按重量份数计为10份、茯苓按重量份数计为10份、栀子按重量份数计为6份、山药按重量份数计为15份、桃仁按重量份数计为5份、覆盆子按重量份数计为6份、枸杞子按重量份数计为6份、玉米须按重量份数计为20份、苦瓜按重量份数计为10份、人参(人工种植)按重量份数计为9份、黄精按重量份数计为15份、乌梅按重量份数计为12份、麦芽按重量份数计为15份、玉竹按重量份数计为12份、甘草按重量份数计为2份、茶树花按重量份数计为6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为10份、盐藻按重量份数计为1份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为10份。
其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为43份、生姜按重量份数计为10份、葛根按重量份数计为15份、茯苓按重量份数计为15份、栀子按重量份数计为6份、山药按重量份数计为28份、桃仁按重量份数计为8份、覆盆子按重量份数计为12份、枸杞子按重量份数计为12份、玉米须按重量份数计为25份、苦瓜按重量份数计为16份、人参(人工种植)按重量份数计为5份、黄精按重量份数计为10份、乌梅按重量份数计为12份、麦芽按重量份数计为10份、玉竹按重量份数计为10份、甘草按重量份数计为8份、茶树花按重量份数计为6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为10份、盐藻按重量份数计为3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为10份、平车前按重量份数计为25份、罗勒按重量份数计为6份。
其制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于:步骤一中还称取所述重量份的平车前和罗勒;步骤二中,第一混合物还包括平车前;干燥温度为60℃、真空度为-0.04MPa;步骤三中,第二混合物还包括罗勒。
实施例4
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为30份、生姜按重量份数计为3份、葛根按重量份数计为10份、茯苓按重量份数计为15份、栀子按重量份数计为10份、山药按重量份数计为30份、桃仁按重量份数计为5份、覆盆子按重量份数计为6份、枸杞子按重量份数计为6份、玉米须按重量份数计为20份、苦瓜按重量份数计为16份、人参(人工种植)按重量份数计为3份、黄精按重量份数计为15份、乌梅按重量份数计为6份、麦芽按重量份数计为12份、玉竹按重量份数计为6份、甘草按重量份数计为2份、茶树花按重量份数计为2份、辣木叶按重量份数计为10份、盐藻按重量份数计为1份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为5份、平车前按重量份数计为10份、罗勒按重量份数计为10份。
其制备方法同实施例3。
实施例5
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为42份、生姜按重量份数计为7份、葛根按重量份数计为13份、茯苓按重量份数计为14份、栀子按重量份数计为8份、山药按重量份数计为25份、桃仁按重量份数计为9份、覆盆子按重量份数计为10份、枸杞子按重量份数计为9份、玉米须按重量份数计为25份、苦瓜按重量份数计为15份、人参按重量份数计为6份、黄精按重量份数计为12份、乌梅按重量份数计为10份、麦芽按重量份数计为11份、玉竹按重量份数计为10份、甘草按重量份数计为8份、茶树花按重量份数计为5份、辣木叶按重量份数计为8份、盐藻按重量份数计为2份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为7份、平车前按重量份数计为20份、罗勒按重量份数计为7 份。
其制备方法同实施例3。
实施例6
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为50份、生姜按重量份数计为10份、葛根按重量份数计为15份、茯苓按重量份数计为10份、栀子按重量份数计为6份、山药按重量份数计为15份、桃仁按重量份数计为10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为12份、枸杞子按重量份数计为10份、玉米须按重量份数计为24份、苦瓜按重量份数计为14 份、人参按重量份数计为7份、黄精按重量份数计为13份、乌梅按重量份数计为11份、麦芽按重量份数计为10份、玉竹按重量份数计为9份、甘草按重量份数计为4份、茶树花按重量份数计为5份、辣木叶按重量份数计为7份、盐藻按重量份数计为2份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为10份、平车前按重量份数计为21份、罗勒按重量份数计为 6份。
其制备方法同实施例3。
实施例7
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为43份、生姜按重量份数计为6份、葛根按重量份数计为12份、茯苓按重量份数计为15份、栀子按重量份数计为9份、山药按重量份数计为26份、桃仁按重量份数计为8份、覆盆子按重量份数计为11份、枸杞子按重量份数计为12份、玉米须按重量份数计为26份、苦瓜按重量份数计为10份、人参按重量份数计为9份、黄精按重量份数计为9份、乌梅按重量份数计为9份、麦芽按重量份数计为15份、玉竹按重量份数计为11份、甘草按重量份数计为6份、茶树花按重量份数计为6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为9份、盐藻按重量份数计为3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为8份、平车前按重量份数计为19份、罗勒按重量份数计为8份。
其制备方法同实施例3。
实施例8
辅助降血糖食丸,所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为41份、生姜按重量份数计为8份、葛根按重量份数计为14份、茯苓按重量份数计为13份、栀子按重量份数计为7份、山药按重量份数计为24份、桃仁按重量份数计为9份、覆盆子按重量份数计为9份、枸杞子按重量份数计为8份、玉米须按重量份数计为30份、苦瓜按重量份数计为20份、人参按重量份数计为5份、黄精按重量份数计为11份、乌梅按重量份数计为12份、麦芽按重量份数计为12份、玉竹按重量份数计为12份、甘草按重量份数计为5份、茶树花按重量份数计为4份、辣木叶按重量份数计为5份、盐藻按重量份数计为1份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为6份、平车前按重量份数计为30份、罗勒按重量份数计为5 份。
其制备方法同实施例3。
对上述各实施例制得的辅助降血糖食丸进行检测,检测结果如表1所示。
表1各实施例感官检测及理化检测结果
由表1可以看出,本发明制得的辅助降血糖食丸色泽均匀,滋味正常、无异味,外观圆整,大小一致,无粘连,无肉眼可见异物,重金属铅和砷的含量较低,粗多糖含量较高。
为了验证本发明的临床疗效,随机选取其中300例符合纳入标准的受试者,年龄为40~65岁均为中度非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(属于Ⅱ型糖尿病),病人胰岛素β细胞有一定的分泌胰岛素功能,并且无严重的并发症。
其体征及症状表现为:多饮,口渴显著,饮水量大于2000mL/日;多尿,尿量大于3000mL/日;多食,昼夜均有饥饿感;疲乏无力,精神极度疲乏,不能坚持日常活动;其空腹血糖大于7毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖大于或等于11.1毫摩尔每升;
根据随机盲法将受试者分为六组,每组50例。
疗效判断:显效:多饮、多食、疲乏无力的症状基本消失,尿量小于1800mL/日;其空腹血糖值为3.9~6.1毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖值为4.4~7.8毫摩尔每升;
有效:多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦、疲乏无力的体征及症状有改变,有口渴感,饮水量小于2000L/日,餐前有轻度饥饿感,精神疲乏、可坚持体力劳动或勉强坚持日常工作,尿量小于3000L/日;其空腹血糖值为6.1~7.0毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖值为7.8~11.1毫摩尔每升;
无效:治疗后,多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦、疲乏无力的症状、体征与治疗前相比无任何改变;口渴显著,饮水量大于2000mL/日;尿量大于3000mL/日;多食,昼夜均有饥饿感;疲乏无力,精神极度疲乏,不能坚持日常活动;其空腹血糖大于7毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖大于或等于11.1毫摩尔每升;
临床实验时,停服其他药物和营养保健品。
对照组一:受试者服用苦瓜,每次10g,每日早、晚各一次;15天为一疗程,服用 45天;按糖尿病饮食正常进食。
对照组二:受试者服用格列苯脲,按照其规定的用法与用量服用(①本药片剂:开始时一次2.5mg,早餐前服用,或早餐及午餐前各一次;轻症患者一次1.25mg,一日三次,于三餐前服用;用药7日后剂量递增(一周增加2.5mg);一般用量为一日5~10mg,最大用量一日不超过15mg;②本药胶囊:开始时一次1.75mg,早餐前服用,或早餐及午餐前各一次;必要时一日5.25~7mg;最大用量一日不超过10.5mg。);按糖尿病饮食正常进食。
实验组一:受试者服用本发明实施例5制作的辅助降血糖食丸,每次2粒,每日早、晚各一次;15天为一疗程,服用45天;按糖尿病饮食正常进食。
实验组二:受试者服用本发明实施例1制作的辅助降血糖食丸,每次2粒,每日早、晚各一次;15天为一疗程,服用45天;按糖尿病饮食正常进食。
实验组三:受试者服用本发明实施例8制作的辅助降血糖食丸,每次2粒,每日早、晚各一次;15天为一疗程,服用45天;按糖尿病饮食正常进食。
空白组:受试者按糖尿病饮食正常进食,不服用降血糖药品及保健品。
对比结果如表2所示。
表2对比结果
组别 | 人数(人) | 显效(人) | 有效(人) | 无效(人) |
对照组一 | 50 | 0 | 11 | 39 |
对照组二 | 50 | 42 | 8 | 0 |
实验组一 | 50 | 17 | 32 | 1 |
实验组二 | 50 | 13 | 30 | 7 |
实验组三 | 50 | 10 | 27 | 13 |
空白组 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
由上表2可以看出,本发明制备的辅助降血糖食丸具有较好的降血糖功效,其降血糖效果虽不及降血糖药品格列苯脲,但其降血糖效果远大于服用苦瓜和不服用降血糖药品及保健品的效果;其中,本发明实施例5制备的辅助降血糖食丸的降血糖效果比实施例1和实施例8制备的辅助降血糖食丸的降血糖效果更好;本发明实施例8制备的辅助降血糖食丸的降血糖效果比实施例1制备的辅助降血糖食丸的降血糖效果更好。
王某,42岁,女,随州广水市关庙镇,患Ⅱ型糖尿病一年,为中度非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,其空腹血糖大于7毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖大于或等于11.1 毫摩尔每升;具有多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦、疲乏无力的症状;服用本发明实施例5制备的辅助降血糖食丸二个疗程后,多饮、多尿、消瘦的症状有改善,多食的症状明显改善;服用本发明实施例5制备的辅助降血糖食丸45天后,多饮、多尿、消瘦、多食的症状明显改善;服用本发明实施例5制备的辅助降血糖食丸三个月后,多饮、多尿、消瘦的症状基本消失,无其它不适,血糖控制在正常水平(其空腹血糖值为3.9~6.1毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖值为4.4~7.8毫摩尔每升);
李某,64岁,男,大冶金牛镇,患Ⅱ型糖尿病七年,为中度非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,其空腹血糖大于8.5毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖大于或等于11.1毫摩尔每升;具有多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦、疲乏无力的症状;服用本发明实施例5制备的辅助降血糖食丸45天后,多饮、多尿、消瘦、多食的症状有改善;服用本发明实施例5制备的辅助降血糖食丸6个月后,多饮、多尿、消瘦、多食的症状明显改善(有口渴感,饮水量小于2000L/日,餐前有轻度饥饿感,精神疲乏、可坚持体力劳动或勉强坚持日常工作,尿量小于3000L/日);血糖控制在空腹血糖受损或糖耐量低减状态(其空腹血糖值为6.1~7.0毫摩尔每升或餐后两小时血糖、随机血糖值为7.8~11.1毫摩尔每升)。
其它未说明的部分均属于现有技术。
Claims (8)
1.辅助降血糖食丸,其特征在于:包括麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻、圆苞车前子壳;所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为30-50份、生姜按重量份数计为3-10份、葛根按重量份数计为10-15份、茯苓按重量份数计为10-15份、栀子按重量份数计为6-10份、山药按重量份数计为15-30份、桃仁按重量份数计为5-10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为6-12份、枸杞子按重量份数计为6-12份、玉米须按重量份数计为20-30份、苦瓜按重量份数计为10-20份、人参按重量份数计为3-9份、黄精按重量份数计为9-15份、乌梅按重量份数计为6-12份、麦芽按重量份数计为10-15份、玉竹按重量份数计为6-12份、甘草按重量份数计为2-10份、茶树花按重量份数计为2-6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为5-10份、盐藻按重量份数计为1-3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的辅助降血糖食丸,其特征在于:还包括平车前和罗勒,平车前按重量份数计为10-30份、罗勒按重量份数计为5-10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的辅助降血糖食丸,其特征在于:所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为41-43份、生姜按重量份数计为6-8份、葛根按重量份数计为12-14份、茯苓按重量份数计为13-15份、栀子按重量份数计为7-9份、山药按重量份数计为24-26份、桃仁按重量份数计为8-10份、覆盆子按重量份数计为9-11份、枸杞子按重量份数计为8-10份、玉米须按重量份数计为24-26份、苦瓜按重量份数计为14-16份、人参按重量份数计为5-7份、黄精按重量份数计为11-13份、乌梅按重量份数计为9-11份、麦芽按重量份数计为10-12份、玉竹按重量份数计为9-11份、甘草按重量份数计为7-9份、茶树花按重量份数计为4-6份、辣木叶按重量份数计为7-9份、盐藻按重量份数计为2-3份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为6-8份、平车前按重量份数计为19-21份、罗勒按重量份数计为6-8份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种辅助降血糖食丸,其特征在于:平车前:甘草:辣木叶:罗勒为2.5﹕1﹕1﹕0.875。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种辅助降血糖食丸,其特征在于:生姜:桃仁:盐藻:玉竹为0.7﹕0.9﹕0.2﹕1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的辅助降血糖食丸,其特征在于:所述麦芽糖醇按重量份数计为42份、生姜按重量份数计为7份、葛根按重量份数计为13份、茯苓按重量份数计为14份、栀子按重量份数计为8份、山药按重量份数计为25份、桃仁按重量份数计为9份、覆盆子按重量份数计为10份、枸杞子按重量份数计为9份、玉米须按重量份数计为25份、苦瓜按重量份数计为15份、人参按重量份数计为6份、黄精按重量份数计为12份、乌梅按重量份数计为10份、麦芽按重量份数计为11份、玉竹按重量份数计为10份、甘草按重量份数计为8份、茶树花按重量份数计为5份、辣木叶按重量份数计为8份、盐藻按重量份数计为2份、圆苞车前子壳按重量份数计为7份、平车前按重量份数计为20份、罗勒按重量份数计为7份。
7.制备权利要求1-6中任一权利要求所述的辅助降血糖食丸的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤,
步骤一:称取所述重量份的麦芽糖醇、生姜、葛根、茯苓、栀子、山药、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、苦瓜、人参、黄精、乌梅、麦芽、玉竹、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子壳;
步骤二:将生姜、栀子、桃仁、覆盆子、枸杞子、玉米须、黄精、乌梅、麦芽和玉竹混合,得到第一混合物;
将第一混合物用水回流提取二次:第一次提取时加十倍于第一混合物的水的纯化水,在90~100℃温度条件下提取1.5小时,过滤,得到第一次提取滤液和滤渣;第二次提取时加八倍于第一混合物的水,在90~100℃温度条件下提取滤渣1.5小时,过滤,得到第二次提取滤液和滤渣;
混合第一次提取滤液和第二次提取滤液后采用200目筛过滤得到混合滤液;
采用真空浓缩罐对混合滤液进行浓缩、直至混合滤液在温度为60~70℃条件下,相对密度为1.20~1.4;其中,浓缩温度为60~70℃、真空度为-0.04~-0.08MPa;
采用真空干燥机对浓缩后的混合滤液进行干燥,得到第一混合提取物,干燥温度为60~70℃、真空度为-0.04~-0.08MPa;
将干燥后的第一混合提取物进行粉碎后过80目筛;
步骤三:将葛根、茯苓、山药、苦瓜、人参、甘草、茶树花、辣木叶、盐藻和圆苞车前子分别用微粉粉碎机粉碎后混合,得到第二混合物;将第二混合物过200目筛;
步骤四:将过筛后的第一混合提取物和第二混合物混合均匀,得到第三混合物;
取一部分第三混合物、并加入麦芽糖醇水溶液,用混合机将第三混合物和麦芽糖醇水溶液混合均匀,得到第四混合物;将第四混合物密封后静置30分钟,使粉末物料充分吸水膨胀;
步骤五:用制丸机将静置后的第四混合物制成6~10毫米直径的丸子,并将丸子置于烘箱烘干至丸子含水量小于或等于20%,烘箱温度为40~50℃,烘干时间为2~4个小时;
步骤六:用筛分机筛分出大小合格的丸子;
步骤七:将筛分出的合格丸子置于荸荠锅中、并加入少量第四混合物混合,混合均匀后加入麦芽糖醇水溶液,如此反复,直至丸子圆整光滑,丸重达到需求;
步骤八:将合格的丸子置于烘箱中用40~60℃烘至水分小于或等于15%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备所述辅助降血糖食丸的方法,其特征在于:步骤一中,还称取所述重量份的平车前和罗勒;
步骤二中,第一混合物还包括平车前;
步骤三中,第二混合物还包括罗勒。
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