CN109991809B - 光致抗蚀剂组合物和方法 - Google Patents
光致抗蚀剂组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109991809B CN109991809B CN201811634448.3A CN201811634448A CN109991809B CN 109991809 B CN109991809 B CN 109991809B CN 201811634448 A CN201811634448 A CN 201811634448A CN 109991809 B CN109991809 B CN 109991809B
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Classifications
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/11—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having cover layers or intermediate layers, e.g. subbing layers
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/22—Esters containing halogen
- C08F220/24—Esters containing halogen containing perhaloalkyl radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/283—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing one or more carboxylic moiety in the chain, e.g. acetoacetoxyethyl(meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
- C08K5/42—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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Abstract
提供新型光致抗蚀剂和面涂层组合物,其适用于各种应用。在一个方面,提供新型光致抗蚀剂组合物,其包含:(a)第一基质聚合物;(b)一种或多种酸产生剂;和(c)一种或多种式(I)和/或(II)的添加剂化合物。
Description
背景技术
本发明一般涉及电子器件的制造。更具体来说,本发明涉及光致抗蚀剂和面涂层组合物,并且涉及允许形成精细图案的光刻工艺。本发明的组合物特别可用于浸没式光刻工艺以形成半导体器件。
光致抗蚀剂是用于将图像转移到衬底的感光膜。在衬底上形成光致抗蚀剂涂层并且然后光致抗蚀剂层通过光掩模暴露于活化辐射源。在曝光之后,使光致抗蚀剂显影,以得到允许衬底的选择性处理的浮雕图像。
已经做出了相当大的努力来扩展正性抗蚀剂显影包括浸没式光刻的实际分辨能力。一个此类实例涉及传统上正型的化学增幅型光致抗蚀剂的负性显影(negative tonedevelopment,NTD),其通过使用特定的显影剂,通常是有机显影剂如酮、酯或醚,留下由不溶性曝光区域创建的图案。举例来说,参见美国6790579。
已采用某些添加剂来尝试改进抗蚀剂分辨率。参见JPH11337722A;US2007190451;EP1702962B1;US20060172149;US20130177853;US20130344436;US20140038102;US6132931;US20120077120;US6391521;US9563123。
在浸没式光刻中,浸液与光致抗蚀剂层之间的直接接触可以引起光致抗蚀剂的组分滤出到浸液中。这种滤出可以造成光学透镜的污染并且引起浸液的有效折射率和传输性质的变化。为了改善这个问题,已经提出在光致抗蚀剂层上使用面涂层作为浸液与下面的光致抗蚀剂层之间的屏障。然而,在浸没式光刻中使用面涂层存在各种挑战。视如面涂层折射率、厚度、酸度、与抗蚀剂的化学相互相用和浸泡时间而定,面涂层可以影响例如工艺窗口、临界尺寸(critical dimension,CD)变化和抗蚀剂轮廓。另外,例如,由于阻止恰当抗蚀剂图案形成的微桥接缺陷,使用面涂层会不利地影响器件良率。
为了改进面涂层材料的性能,已经例如在以下中提出使用自隔离面涂层组合物以形成分级面涂层:《用于浸没式光刻的自分离材料(Self-segregating Materials forImmersion Lithography)》,Daniel P.Sanders等,《抗蚀剂材料和处理技术XXV进展(Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXV)》,《SPIE会议论文集(Proceedings of the SPIE)》,第6923卷,第692309-1-692309-12页(2008)。还参见US20120264053。
电子器件制造商致力于不断提高图案化光致抗蚀剂图像的分辨率。期望有一种可以提供增强的成像能力的新型组合物。
发明内容
现提供适用于光刻应用包括浸没式光刻工艺的新型组合物。
在优选实施例中,本发明组合物可以表现出提高的保质期,包括在长期储存时组合物的相对减少的降解。举例来说,参见以下实例中阐述的比较数据。
更确切地说,在第一方面,提供光致抗蚀剂组合物,其包含:(a)第一基质聚合物;(b)一种或多种酸产生剂;和(c)一种或多种具有下式(I)或(II)结构的添加剂化合物:
其中在所述式(I)和(2)中的每一个中,R1和R2各自为相同或不同的非氢取代基,如任选取代的烷基、任选取代的烷氧基、任选取代的硫代烷基、任选取代的碳环芳基或任选取代的杂芳香族基团,
或R1或R2可以通过基团Z连接,其中Z是单键或选自以下的的基团:C=O、S(O)、S(O)2、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NH-、-C(=O)-C(=O)-、-O-、CHOH、CH2、S、-B-;
每个式中的X是下列之一:
其中R3是非氢取代基;并且
每个n是1至5的正整数。R1和R2的优选的任选取代包括例如由-OY、-NO2、-CF3-、-C(=O)NHY、-C(=O)-C(=O)-Y、CHOY、CH2Y、-SY、-B(Y)n、-NHC(=O)Y、-(C=O)OY取代(其中Y是直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烷基;氟代烷烃或烯烃或炔烃;或碳环芳基或杂芳香族)。
在优选方面,光致抗蚀剂组合物将含有不同于第一聚合物的第二聚合物。优选地,此类第二聚合物将包含氟代取代,如一个或多个氟代C1-12烷基。在特定方面,第二聚合物可包含下式(3)的重复单元:
其中在式(3)中,R4和R5各自独立地为氢、卤素、C1-8烷基或C1-8卤代烷基如氟代C1-8烷基,并且L是任选取代的多价连接基团如-(CH2)q-,其中q是1、2、3、4、5或6。
在优选方面,添加剂化合物包含一个或多个酸酐部分。优选的添加剂化合物也可以是卤化的添加剂化合物,特别是氟化的添加剂化合物。优选的添加剂化合物还可包含磺酸酯基团。
在又一方面,提供用于光致抗蚀剂层上的面涂层组合物,优选的面涂层组合物可以包含(a)第一基质聚合物;(b)不同于第一聚合物的第二聚合物;和(c)一种或多种具有下式(I)或(II)结构的添加剂化合物:
其中,在所述式(I)和(2)中的每一个中,R1、R2、X和R3以及n与以上定义相同。
优选地,面涂层组合物的第二聚合物将包含氟代取代,如一个或多个氟代C1-12烷基。在特定方面,第二聚合物可包含下式(3)的重复单元:
其中在式(3)中,R4和R5各自独立地为氢、卤素、C1-8烷基或C1-8卤代烷基如氟代C1-8烷基,并且L是任选取代的多价连接基团如-(CH2)q-,其中q是1、2、3、4、5或6。
在优选方面,添加剂化合物包含一个或多个酸酐部分。优选的添加剂化合物也可以是卤化的添加剂化合物,特别是氟化的添加剂化合物。优选的添加剂化合物还可包含磺酸酯基团。
根据又一方面,提供经涂覆的衬底。经涂覆的衬底包含衬底和在衬底表面上的本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物层。还提供包含衬底和本发明的面涂层组合物层的经涂覆的衬底。
面涂层组合物通常将涂覆在光致抗蚀剂组合物层上,所述面涂层组合物可以是本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物。
根据再一方面,提供形成光刻图案的方法。此方法适当地包含:(a)提供包含一个或多个待在衬底表面上图案化的层的衬底;(b)在待图案化的一个或多个层上施加一层本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物;(c)以图案方式将光致抗蚀剂组合物层暴露于活化辐射;和(d)将显影剂施加到光致抗蚀剂组合物层上,从而产生抗蚀剂浮雕图像。适当地,在显影之前,在曝光后烘烤过程中对曝光的光致抗蚀剂组合物层进行热处理。
在优选方面中,通过显影剂移除光致抗蚀剂层的未曝光部分,在一个或多个待图案化的层上留下光致抗蚀剂图案。以图案方式曝光可以通过浸没式光刻或者使用干式曝光技术来进行。在某些方面中,植入和EUV光刻工艺也是优选的。
另外提供的方法包括形成光刻图案,包含:(a)提供包含一个或多个待在衬底表面上图案化的层的衬底;(b)在待图案化的一个或多个层上施加一层光致抗蚀剂组合物;(c)在光致抗蚀剂组合物层之上或以上施加一层本发明的面涂层组合物;(d)以图案方式将面涂层组合物层和光致抗蚀剂组合物层两者暴露于活化辐射;和(e)将显影剂施加到成像的经涂覆的衬底上,从而产生抗蚀剂浮雕图像。适当地,在显影之前,在曝光后烘烤过程中对曝光的光致抗蚀剂组合物层和面涂层组合物层进行热处理。在各个方面,以图案方式曝光可以通过浸没式光刻或者使用干式曝光技术来进行。在某些方面中,植入和EUV光刻工艺也是优选的。
本发明还包括聚合物,其包含与聚合物主链间隔开的反应性含氮部分,其中含氮部分在光致抗蚀剂组合物的光刻处理期间产生碱性裂解产物。
还提供由所公开的方法形成的电子器件。
以下公开本发明的其它方面。
具体实施方式
用于光致抗蚀剂和面涂层组合物的优选添加剂化合物可以是聚合的或非聚合的,其中非聚合添加剂化合物对于许多应用来说是优选的。优选的添加剂化合物的分子量相对较低,例如分子量小于或等于3000,更优选≤2500、≤2000、≤1500、≤1000、≤800或甚至更优选≤500。
优选的添加剂化合物在有机光致抗蚀剂溶剂如乳酸乙酯、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(propylene glycol methyl ether acetate,PGMEA)、环己酮和其混合物中表现出良好的溶解度。
在一个方面,优选包含封端或掩蔽的酸基团如酸酐基团的添加剂化合物。
适用于本发明的添加剂化合物通常可商购获得或可容易地合成。举例来说,参见以下实例。
按光致抗蚀剂或面涂层组合物的总固体重量计(总固体是除溶剂外的所有组合物组分),本发明的光致抗蚀剂和面涂层组合物可适当地包含一种或多种添加剂化合物,其量在宽范围内,如0.005至20重量%,更优选按组合物的总固体总重量计,0.01、0.05、0.1、0.02、0.3、0.4、0.5或1至1、2、3、4、5或10重量%的量,并且更通常为0.01、0.05、0.1、0.02、0.3、0.4、0.05或1至5、6、7、8、9或10重量%的量。
尤其优选的添加剂化合物包括以下:
在优选组合物中,在涂覆光致抗蚀剂组合物期间,第一聚合物可朝向抗蚀剂涂层的上表面迁移。在某些系统中,这可形成基本上由第一聚合物制成的表面层。不受任何理论的束缚,据信第一聚合物的氮(碱性)部分有助于控制散射光或漫射光,从而允许减少图案化缺陷,如在线和沟槽图案形成的情况下缺少接触孔和微桥接缺陷。在曝光和曝光后烘烤(post exposure bake,PEB)之后,可以使抗蚀剂涂层显影,其包括在包含有机溶剂的显影剂中。有机显影剂去除光致抗蚀剂层的未曝光区域和曝光区域的表面层。当在干式光刻或浸没式光刻工艺中使用所述组合物时,可以实现本发明光致抗蚀剂组合物的益处。当用于浸没式光刻时,优选的光致抗蚀剂组合物可以进一步表现出光致抗蚀剂材料向浸液中的迁移(浸出)减少,这也是添加剂聚合物迁移到抗蚀剂表面的结果。值得注意的是,这可以在不于光致抗蚀剂上使用面涂的情况下实现。
光致抗蚀剂可以在各种辐射波长下使用,例如,小于400nm、小于300或小于200nm的波长,或优选248nm、193nm和EUV(例如,13.5nm)曝光波长。所述组合物可进一步用于电子束(E-束)曝光工艺。
优选本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物是化学增幅型材料。在优选实施例中,光致抗蚀剂组合物包含一种或多种第二或基质聚合物(不同于第一聚合物),其包含酸不稳定基团。酸不稳定基团是在酸存在下易于进行去保护反应的化学部分。作为光致抗蚀剂组合物层的一部分的第二或基质聚合物在本文所述的显影剂中经历溶解度的变化,这是由于在光刻处理期间,特别是在软烘烤、暴露于活化辐射和曝光后烘烤后,与光酸(photoacid)和/或热酸产生剂所产生的酸反应。这是由光酸诱导的酸不稳定基团的裂解引起的,导致第二聚合物的极性发生变化。例如,酸不稳定基团可选自叔烷基碳酸酯、叔烷基酯、叔烷基醚、缩醛和缩酮。优选地,酸不稳定基团是酯基,其含有共价连接到第二基质聚合物的酯的羧基氧的叔非环状烷基碳或叔脂环族碳。此类酸不稳定基团的裂解导致羧酸基团的形成。例如,合适的含有酸不稳定基团的单元包括酸不稳定(烷基)丙烯酸酯单元,如(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-甲基环戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-乙基环戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-异丙基环戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-丙基环戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-甲基环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-乙基环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-异丙基环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1-丙基环己酯、甲基金刚烷基(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯(t-butylmethyladamantyl(meth)acrylate)、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基葑酯等,和其它环状(包括脂环族)和非环状(烷基)丙烯酸酯。缩醛和缩酮酸不稳定基团还可在碱溶性基团如羧基或羟基的末端处经氢原子取代,以便与氧原子键合。当产生酸时,酸裂解缩醛或缩酮基团与缩醛型可酸解离的溶解抑制基团所键合的氧原子之间的键。例如,示例性的此类酸不稳定基团描述于美国专利第US6057083号、第US6136501号和第US8206886号和欧洲专利公开第EP01008913A1号和第EP00930542A1号中。缩醛和缩酮基团作为糖衍生物结构的一部分也是合适的,其裂解将导致羟基的形成,例如,美国专利申请第US2012/0064456A1号中描述的那些。
对于在200nm或更大如248nm的波长下成像,合适的树脂材料(包括用作本发明光致抗蚀剂组合物的第二聚合物)包括例如含有酸不稳定基团的酚醛树脂。特别优选的这类树脂包括:(i)含有乙烯基苯酚和如上所述的酸不稳定(烷基)丙烯酸酯的聚合单元的聚合物,如美国专利第6,042,997号和第5,492,793号中所述的聚合物;(ii)含有乙烯基苯酚、不含羟基或羧基环取代基的任选取代的乙烯基苯基(例如苯乙烯)和如上所述的酸不稳定(烷基)丙烯酸酯的聚合单元的聚合物,如美国专利第6,042,997号中所述的聚合物;(iii)含有重复单元(其包含将与光酸反应的缩醛或缩酮部分)和任选的芳香族重复单元如苯基或酚基的聚合物,此类聚合物描述于美国专利第5,929,176号和第6,090,526号中;和(i)和/或(ii)和/或(iii)的共混物。
对于在某些小于200nm波长如193nm下成像,第二或基质聚合物通常基本上不含(例如小于15摩尔%),优选完全不含苯基、苯甲基或其它芳香族基团,其中此类基团是高辐射吸收型。基本上或完全不含芳香族基团的合适的聚合物公开于欧洲专利公开第EP930542A1号和美国专利第6,692,888号和第6,680,159号中。
例如,其它合适的第二或基质聚合物包括含有非芳香族环烯烃(内环双键)如任选取代的降冰片烯的聚合单元的那些,例如,美国专利第5,843,624号和第6,048,664号中所述的聚合物。再其它合适的基质聚合物包括含有聚合酸酐单元,特别是聚合马来酸酐和/或衣康酸酐单元的聚合物,如欧洲公开申请EP01008913A1和美国专利第6,048,662号中所公开。
还适用作第二或基质聚合物的是含有含杂原子,特别是氧和/或硫的重复单元(但酸酐除外,即所述单元不含酮环原子)的树脂。杂脂环单元可以稠合到聚合物主链,并且可以包含如通过聚合降冰片烯基团得到的稠合碳脂环单元和/或如通过聚合马来酸酐或衣康酸酐得到的酸酐单元。此类聚合物公开于国际公开第WO0186353A1号和美国专利第6,306,554号中。其它合适的含有杂原子基团的基质聚合物包括含有经一个或多个含杂原子(例如氧或硫)的基团例如羟基萘基取代的聚合碳环芳基单元的聚合物,如美国专利第7,244,542号中所公开。
在小于200nm波长如193nm和EUV(例如13.5nm)的情况下,第二或基质聚合物可包括含有内酯部分的单元,以控制第二基质聚合物和光致抗蚀剂组合物的溶解速率。适用于含有内酯部分的第二或基质聚合物的单体包括例如以下:
此类第二或基质聚合物通常进一步包括含有极性基团的单元,其增强基质聚合物和光致抗蚀剂组合物的抗蚀刻性且提供控制基质聚合物和光致抗蚀剂组合物的溶解速率的额外方式。用于形成此类单元的单体包括例如以下:
第二或基质聚合物可包括一种或多种上述类型的额外单元。通常,第二或基质聚合物的额外单元将包括与用于单体(其用来形成聚合物的其它单元)的那些可聚合基团相同或类似的可聚合基团,但是在相同的聚合物主链中可以包括其它不同的可聚合基团。
在优选方面中,第二或基质聚合物与下文所述第一或添加剂聚合物相比具有较高的表面能,并且应基本上不可与第二聚合物混溶。由于表面能的差异,第二聚合物与第一聚合物的分离可在旋涂期间发生。第二或基质聚合物的合适表面能通常为20至50mN/m,优选30至40mN/m。
虽然不限于此,但示例性的第二或基质聚合物包括例如以下:
如所论述,在优选方面中,第二聚合物可以具有卤素取代,如氟代取代,包括氟代烷基,例如具有六氟代丙醇取代的聚合物。
适用于本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物的第二或基质聚合物可商购获得并且可由本领域技术人员容易地制得。第二聚合物以足以使抗蚀剂的曝光涂层可在合适的显影剂溶液中显影的量存在于抗蚀剂组合物中。通常,按抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,第二聚合物以50至95重量%的量存在于组合物中。第二聚合物的重均分子量Mw通常小于100,000,例如3000至100,000,更通常我哦哦3000至15,000。上述第二聚合物中的两种或更多种的共混物可以适当地用于本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物中。
优选第一或添加剂聚合物是具有比第二聚合物的表面能更低的表面能的材料,并且应基本上不与第二聚合物混溶。以这种方式,促进第一聚合物在涂覆过程中向所施加的光致抗蚀剂层的顶部或上部部分的偏析或迁移。尽管第一聚合物的所需表面能将视特定第二聚合物和其表面能而定,但第一聚合物表面能通常为18至40mN/m、优选20至35mN/m且更优选29至33mN/m。当第一聚合物在涂覆过程中迁移到抗蚀剂层的上表面时,可优选第一聚合物与在抗蚀剂层表面紧下方的第二或基质聚合物之间存在一些互混。据信此类互混有助于通过减少或消除由于漫射光而在第二或基质聚合物附近的暗区中产生的酸来降低抗蚀剂层的表面抑制。例如,互混程度将取决于第二或基质聚合物(matrix polymer,MP)与第一或添加剂聚合物(additive polymer,AP)之间的表面能(surface energy,SE)的差异(ΔSE=SEMP-SEAP)。对于给定的第一或基质和第二或添加剂聚合物,互混程度可以随着ΔSE的减小而增加。ΔSE通常为2至32mN/m,优选5至15mN/m。
如所论述,适用于光致抗蚀剂组合物的第一或添加剂聚合物是具有多个不同重复单元例如两个、三个或四个不同重复单元的共聚物。
优选第一聚合物不含硅。在某些蚀刻剂中,含硅聚合物表现出比有机光致抗蚀剂聚合物低得多的蚀刻速率。结果,含硅第一聚合物在基于有机第二聚合物的抗蚀剂层的表面处聚集会在蚀刻过程中引起锥形缺陷。第一聚合物可含有氟或可不含氟。优选第一聚合物在用于配制光致抗蚀剂组合物的相同有机溶剂中是可溶的。优选第一聚合物在用于负性显影工艺的有机显影剂中也将是可溶的或在曝光后烘烤(例如120℃持续60秒)之后变得可溶。
如所论述,优选第一聚合物可以含有由对应于下式(I)的一种或多种单体形成的单元:
X1-R1-X2-R2-X3 (I)
其中X1是可聚合官能团,如丙烯酸酯或烷基丙烯酸酯如甲基丙烯酸酯;R1可以是任选取代的直链、支链或环状脂肪族基团或芳香族基团,合适地是C1-15烷基且任选地经氟化;X2是碱性部分如氮,并且可以是R1的组分或与R1一起使用(例如R1和X2可以组合形成哌啶基部分);R2是酸不稳定基团;并且X3可以是任选取代的直链、支链或环状脂肪族基团或芳香族基团。
例如,可聚合官能团X1可以选自下列通式(P-1)、(P-2)和(P-3):
其中R2选自氢、氟以及氟化和非氟化的C1至C3烷基;并且X是氧或硫;
其中R3选自氢、氟以及氟化和非氟化的C1至C3烷基;并且
其中m为0至3的整数。
示例性的合适单体如下所述,但不限于这些结构。
优选地,第一聚合物还包含一种或多种由对应于下列通式(I-1)的单体形成的额外不同单元(第二单元):
其中:R2选自氢、氟以及氟化和非氟化的C1至C3烷基;并且X是氧或硫;并且R4选自取代和未取代的C1至C20直链、支链和环状烃,优选氟化和非氟化的C1至C15烷基,更优选氟化和非氟化的C3至C8烷基且最优选氟化和非氟化的C4至C5烷基,其中当用于浸没式光刻时,优选R4被支化以提供更大的水后退接触角,并且卤代烷基和卤代醇如氟代烷基和氟代醇的R4取代是合适的。
如所论述,单体、聚合物和其它材料的各种部分可任选地经取代(或陈述为“取代或未取代”)。“取代的”取代基可以在一个或多个可用位置,通常是1、2或3个位置处被一个或多个合适的基团取代,所述合适的基团如卤素(确切地说是F、Cl或Br);氰基;硝基;C1-8烷基;C1-8烷氧基;C1-8烷基硫基;C1-8烷基磺酰基;C2-8烯基;C2-8炔基;羟基;硝基;烷酰基,如C1-6烷酰基,例如酰基;卤烷基,确切地说是C1-8卤烷基,如CF3;-CONHR、-CONRR',其中R和R'是任选取代的C1-8烷基;-COOH、COC、>C=O等。
示例性的式(I-1)的合适单体如下所述,但不限于这些结构。对这些结构来说,“R2”和“X”如上对式I-1所定义。
适用于本发明光致抗蚀剂组合物的示例性第一聚合物包括以下。对这些结构来说,“R2”和“X”定义如下:每个R2独立地选自氢、氟以及氟化和非氟化的C1至C3烷基;并且每个X独立地为氧或硫。
-R1-R2-…-Rn-X-
光致抗蚀剂组合物合适地包括单一第一聚合物,但可任选地包括一种或多种额外的第一聚合物。适用于光致抗蚀剂组合物的聚合物和单体可商购获得和/或可由本领域技术人员容易地制得。
第一聚合物通常以相对较少的量例如以按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计0.1至10重量%、优选0.5至5重量%、更优选1至3重量%的量存在于光致抗蚀剂组合物中。例如,第一或添加剂聚合物的含量将取决于光致抗蚀剂层中酸产生剂的含量、第一聚合物中含氮基团的含量以及光刻是干式还是浸没型工艺。例如,浸没式光刻的第一聚合物下限通常由防止抗蚀剂组分浸出的需要来决定。过高的第一聚合物含量通常会导致图案降级。添加剂聚合物的重均分子量通常小于400,000,优选3000至50,000,更优选3000至25,000。适用于制备用于本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物的第一聚合物的第一聚合物和单体可商购获得和/或可由本领域技术人员制得。
优选光致抗蚀剂组合物可包含一种或多种光酸产生剂(PAG),其以足以在暴露于活化辐射后在光致抗蚀剂组合物的涂层中产生潜像的量采用。例如,按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,光酸产生剂将以约1至20重量%的量适当地存在。通常,较小量的光活性组分将适合于化学增幅型抗蚀剂。
面涂层组合物还可包含一种或多种酸产生剂化合物,包括一种或多种光酸产生剂化合物和/或一种或多种热酸产生剂化合物。本文公开的PAG以及其用于光致抗蚀剂组合物的量适合于面涂层组合物。相对少量的PAG通常适合于面涂层组合物。
合适的PAG是化学增幅型光致抗蚀剂领域中已知的且包括例如:鎓盐,例如三苯基锍三氟甲烷磺酸盐、(对叔丁氧基苯基)二苯基锍三氟甲烷磺酸盐、三(对叔丁氧基苯基)锍三氟甲烷磺酸盐、三苯基锍对甲苯磺酸盐;硝基苯甲基衍生物,例如2-硝基苯甲基对甲苯磺酸盐、2,6-二硝基苯甲基对甲苯磺酸盐和2,4-二硝基苯甲基对甲苯磺酸盐;磺酸酯,例如1,2,3-三(甲烷磺酰基氧基)苯、1,2,3-三(三氟甲烷磺酰基氧基)苯和1,2,3-三(对甲苯磺酰基氧基)苯;重氮甲烷衍生物,例如双(苯磺酰基)重氮甲烷、双(对甲苯磺酰基)重氮甲烷;乙二肟衍生物,例如双-O-(对甲苯磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟和双-O-(正丁烷磺酰基)-α-二甲基乙二肟;N-羟基酰亚胺化合物的磺酸酯衍生物,例如N-羟基丁二酰亚胺甲磺酸酯、N-羟基丁二酰亚胺三氟甲磺酸酯;和含卤素的三嗪化合物,例如2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪
和2-(4-甲氧基萘基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪。可以使用此类PAG中的一种或多种。
适合于本发明的光致抗蚀剂和面涂层组合物的溶剂包括例如:二醇醚,如2-甲氧基乙基醚(二乙二醇二甲醚(diglyme))、乙二醇单甲醚和丙二醇单甲醚;丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯;乳酸酯,如乳酸甲酯和乳酸乙酯;丙酸酯,如丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙氧基丙酸乙酯和甲基-2-羟基异丁酸酯;溶纤剂酯,如溶纤剂乙酸甲酯;芳香族烃,如甲苯和二甲苯;以及酮,如甲基乙基酮、环己酮和2-庚酮。溶剂的共混物,如上述溶剂中的两种、三种或更多种的共混物也是合适的。按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总重量计,溶剂通常以90至99重量%、更通常为95至98重量%的量存在于组合物中。
例如,用于光致抗蚀剂组合物的其它任选添加剂包括光化和对比染料、抗条纹剂、增塑剂、增速剂、敏化剂等。按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,此类任选添加剂(如果使用的话)通常以较少量如0.1至10重量%存在于组合物中,但按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总固体计,填料和染料可以相对较大的浓度例如5至30重量%存在。
本发明的抗蚀剂组合物的优选的任选添加剂是添加的碱,其可增强所显影的抗蚀剂浮雕图像的分辨率。合适的碱性猝灭剂包括例如直链和环状酰胺和其衍生物,如N,N-双(2-羟乙基)特戊酰胺(pivalamide)、N,N-二乙基乙酰胺、N1,N1,N3,N3-四丁基丙二酰胺、1-甲基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮、1-烯丙基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮和1,3-二羟基-2-(羟甲基)丙酰-2-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯;芳香族胺,如吡啶和二叔丁基吡啶;脂肪族胺,如三异丙醇胺、正叔丁基二乙醇胺、三(2-乙酰氧基-乙基)胺、2,2′,2″,2″′-(乙烷-1,2-二基双(氮烷三基))四乙醇和2-(二丁氨基)乙醇、2,2′,2″-次氮基三乙醇;环状脂肪族胺,如1-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-羟基哌啶、1-吡咯烷羧酸叔丁酯、2-乙基-1H-咪唑-1-羧酸叔丁酯、哌嗪-1,4-二羧酸二叔丁酯和N(2-乙酰氧基-乙基)吗啉。在这些碱性猝灭剂中,优选1-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-羟基哌啶和三异丙醇胺。添加的碱适合以相对少的量使用,例如,相对于PAG为1至20重量%,更通常地相对于PAG为5至15重量%。
根据本发明可以使用的光致抗蚀剂和面涂层组合物通常按照已知程序来制备。例如,本发明的抗蚀剂可以通过将光致抗蚀剂的组分溶解于合适的溶剂中而制备为涂层组合物,所述溶剂例如是以下中的一种或多种:二醇醚,如2-甲氧基乙基醚(二乙二醇二甲醚)、乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚;丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯;乳酸酯,如乳酸乙酯或乳酸甲酯,其中乳酸乙酯是优选的;丙酸酯,确切地说是丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯和乙氧基丙酸乙酯;溶纤剂酯,如溶纤剂乙酸甲酯;芳香族烃,如甲苯或二甲苯;或酮,如甲基乙基酮、环己酮和2-庚酮。光致抗蚀剂的所需总固体含量将视如组合物中的特定聚合物、最终层厚和曝光波长的因素而定。按光致抗蚀剂组合物的总重量计,光致抗蚀剂的固体含量通常在1至10重量%、更通常为2至5重量%之间变化。
本发明进一步提供使用本发明的光致抗蚀剂形成光致抗蚀剂浮雕图像和制造电子器件的方法。本发明还提供包含涂有本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物的衬底的新颖制品。
在光刻处理中,可以将光致抗蚀剂组合物施加在各种衬底上。衬底可以是如半导体的材料,如硅或化合物半导体(例如III-V或II-VI)、玻璃、石英、陶瓷、铜等。通常,衬底是半导体晶片,如单晶硅或化合物半导体晶片,并且可以具有形成于其表面上的一个或多个层和图案化特征。可在衬底上提供一个或多个待图案化的层。例如,当期望在衬底材料中形成沟槽时,任选地,底层衬底材料自身可经图案化。在图案化基础衬底材料自身的情况下,应认为图案形成在衬底层中。
所述层可以包括例如一个或多个导电层,如铝、铜、钼、钽、钛、钨、合金、此类金属的氮化物或硅化物、掺杂非晶硅或掺杂多晶硅的层;一种或多种介电层,如氧化硅、氮化硅、氮氧化硅或金属氧化物的层;半导体层,如单晶硅,和其组合。待蚀刻的层可以通过各种技术形成,例如化学气相沉积(chemical vapor deposition,CVD),如等离子体增强型CVD、低压CVD或磊晶生长(epitaxial growth);物理气相沉积(physical vapor deposition,PVD),如溅射或蒸发;或电镀。待蚀刻的一个或多个层102的特定厚度将视材料和形成的特定器件而变化。
取决于待蚀刻的特定层、膜厚和待使用的光刻材料和工艺,可能需要在所述层上安置硬掩模层和/或底部抗反射涂层(bottom antireflective coating,BARC),在其上涂覆光致抗蚀剂层。例如,在极薄抗蚀剂层的情况下,其中待蚀刻的层需要显著的蚀刻深度,和/或其中特定蚀刻剂具有不良的抗蚀剂选择性,可能期望使用硬掩模层。当使用硬掩模层时,待形成的抗蚀剂图案可以转移到硬掩模层,其转而可用作蚀刻底层的掩模。合适的硬掩模材料和形成方法在本领域中已知。典型的材料包括例如钨、钛、氮化钛、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧氮化铝、氧化铪、非晶碳、氮氧化硅和氮化硅。硬掩模层可包括单层或多层不同材料。例如,可以通过化学或物理气相沉积技术形成硬掩模层。
在衬底和/或底层将在光致抗蚀剂曝光期间另外反射相当大量的入射辐射使得所形成的图案的质量将受到不利影响的情况下,底部抗反射涂层可为所期望的。此类涂层可改进聚焦深度、曝光宽容度、线宽均匀性和CD控制。典型地,当抗蚀剂暴露于深紫外光(300nm或更小),例如KrF准分子激光(248nm)或ArF准分子激光(193nm)时,使用抗反射涂层。抗反射涂层可包含单层或多个不同层。合适的抗反射材料和形成方法在所属领域中已知。抗反射材料可商购获得,例如,由罗门哈斯电子材料LLC(Rohm and Haas ElectronicMaterials LLC)(美国马萨诸塞州马波罗(Marlborough,MA USA))以ARTM商标出售的那些,如ARTM40A和ARTM124抗反射材料。
将由如上所述的本发明的组合物形成的光致抗蚀剂层施加到衬底上。通常通过旋涂将光致抗蚀剂组合物施加到衬底上。在旋涂期间,在包含如本文公开的第一和第二聚合物两者的抗蚀剂组合物中,光致抗蚀剂中的第一聚合物分离到所形成的抗蚀剂层的上表面,所述第一聚合物通常具有与上表面紧下方区域中的第二聚合物的互混。可以基于所利用的特定涂覆设备、溶液的粘度、涂覆工具的速度和允许旋转的时间量来调节涂层溶液的固体含量以提供所需膜厚。光致抗蚀剂层的典型厚度为约500至
光致抗蚀剂层可接着经软烘烤以使层中的溶剂含量最小化,从而形成无粘着涂层并改进层与衬底的粘附。软烘烤可以在加热板上或在烘箱中进行,其中加热板为典型的加热板。例如,软烘烤温度和时间将取决于光致抗蚀剂的特定材料和厚度。典型的软烘烤在约90至150℃的温度下进行,并且时间为约30至90秒。
面涂层组合物可根据已知程序来利用并涂覆在所施加的光致抗蚀剂上。关于使用可用于本发明面涂层组合物的面涂层组合物的程序,参见US20170090287。合适地,面涂层组合物用于浸没式曝光方案的情况。
光致抗蚀剂层接着通过光掩模适当地暴露于活化辐射,以在曝光区域与未曝光区域之间产生溶解度差异。此处提及将光致抗蚀剂组合物暴露于对组合物起活化作用的辐射指示辐射能够在光致抗蚀剂组合物中形成潜像。光掩模具有对应于抗蚀剂层的区域的光学透明区域和光学不透明区域,以在随后的显影步骤中分别保留和去除。曝光波长通常为小于400nm、小于300nm或小于200nm,其中典型的为248nm、193nm和EUV波长。光致抗蚀剂材料可进一步用于电子束曝光的情况。此方法可用于浸没式或干式(非浸没式)光刻技术。曝光能量通常为约10至80mJ/cm2,其取决于曝光工具和感光组合物的组分。
在光致抗蚀剂层曝光之后,进行曝光后烘烤(post-exposure bake,PEB)。PEB可以例如在加热板上或在烘箱中进行。PEB的条件将取决于例如特定的光致抗蚀剂组合物和层厚。PEB通常在约80至150℃的温度下进行,并且时间为约30至90秒。在光致抗蚀剂中形成由极性切换区域与非切换区域(分别对应于曝光区域和未曝光区域)之间的边界(虚线)限定的潜像。据信在曝光后烘烤期间去保护的第一聚合物的碱性部分(例如胺)防止光致抗蚀剂层的可能存在漫射光或散射光的暗区的极性切换,产生具有垂直壁的潜像。这是由PAG在暗区中产生的酸中和的结果。结果,可以基本上防止那些区域中酸不稳定基团的裂解。
接着适当地使曝光的光致抗蚀剂层显影以去除光致抗蚀剂层的未曝光区域。如所论述,显影剂可以是有机显影剂,例如选自酮、酯、醚、烃和其混合物的溶剂。合适的酮溶剂包括例如丙酮、2-己酮、5-甲基-2-己酮、2-庚酮、4-庚酮、1-辛酮、2-辛酮、1-壬酮、2-壬酮、二异丁基酮、环己酮、甲基环己酮、苯基丙酮、甲基乙基酮和甲基异丁基酮。合适的酯溶剂包括例如乙酸甲酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸戊酯、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单丁醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、甲酸丁酯、甲酸丙酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯和乳酸丙酯。合适的醚溶剂包括例如二噁烷、四氢呋喃和二醇醚溶剂,例如,乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、三乙二醇单乙醚和甲氧基甲基丁醇。合适的酰胺溶剂包括例如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。合适的烃溶剂包括例如芳香族烃溶剂,如甲苯和二甲苯。另外,可以使用这些溶剂的混合物、或与除上文所述的那些溶剂以外的溶剂混合或与水混合的所列溶剂中的一种或多种。其它合适的溶剂包括用于光致抗蚀剂组合物中的那些。显影剂优选为2-庚酮或乙酸丁酯如乙酸正丁酯。
有机溶剂的混合物可用作显影剂,例如第一和第二有机溶剂的混合物。第一有机溶剂可选自羟烷基酯,如2-羟基异丁酸甲酯和乳酸乙酯;以及乙酸直链或支链C5至C6烷氧基烷酯,如丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)。在第一有机溶剂中,优选2-庚酮和5-甲基-2-己酮。第二有机溶剂可选自直链或支链未取代的C6至C8烷基酯,如乙酸正丁酯、乙酸正戊酯、丙酸正丁酯、乙酸正己酯、丁酸正丁酯和丁酸异丁酯;以及直链或支链C8至C9酮,如4-辛酮、2,5-二甲基-4-己酮和2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮。在第二有机溶剂中,优选乙酸正丁酯、丙酸正丁酯和2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮。第一和第二有机溶剂的优选组合包括2-庚酮/丙酸正丁酯、环己酮/丙酸正丁酯、PGMEA/丙酸正丁酯、5-甲基-2-己酮/丙酸正丁酯、2-庚酮/2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮和2-庚酮/乙酸正丁酯。其中,特别优选2-庚酮/乙酸正丁酯和2-庚酮/丙酸正丁酯。
按显影剂的总重量计,有机溶剂通常以90重量%至100重量%,更通常大于95重量%、大于98重量%、大于99重量%或100重量%的组合量存在于显影剂中。
显影剂也可以是含水碱性组合物,如TMAH组合物。含水碱性显影剂可商购获得。
显影剂材料可包括任选的添加剂,例如,如上关于光致抗蚀剂所述的表面活性剂。按显影剂的总重量计,此类任选的添加剂通常将以较小的浓度,例如以约0.01至5重量%的量存在。
通常通过旋涂将显影剂施加到衬底上。显影时间是可有效去除光致抗蚀剂的未曝光区域的时间段,其中典型的时间为5至30秒。显影通常在室温下进行。可以进行显影过程而无需在显影后使用清洗漂洗。在这方面,已发现显影过程可以产生无残余物的晶片表面,使得无需此类附加的漂洗步骤。
使用抗蚀剂图案作为蚀刻掩模,对BARC层(如果存在的话)进行选择性蚀刻,暴露下面的硬掩模层。接着再次使用抗蚀剂图案作为蚀刻掩模,对硬掩模层进行选择性蚀刻,产生图案化BARC和硬掩模层。用于蚀刻BARC层和硬掩模层的合适的蚀刻技术和化学物质在本领域中已知,并且将取决于例如这些层的特定材料。干式蚀刻工艺,如反应性离子蚀刻是典型的。接着使用已知技术,例如氧等离子体灰化,从衬底中去除抗蚀剂图案和图案化的BARC层。
以下非限制性实例说明本发明。
实例
分子量测定:
在以下实例中,在配备有折射率检测器的Waters alliance System上通过凝胶渗透色谱法(gel permeation chromatography,GPC)测量聚合物的数均分子量和重均分子量Mn和Mw以及多分散性(PDI)值(Mw/Mn)。将样品溶解于约1mg/mL浓度的HPCL级THF中,并且通过四个Shodex柱(KF805、KF804、KF803和KF802)注入。维持1毫升/分钟流速和35℃温度。用窄分子量PS标准品(EasiCal PS-2,Polymer Laboratories,Inc.)校准所述柱。
实例1-2:树脂制备
使用以下单体来制备如下所述的含氟聚合物B1和B2。
实例1:聚合物B1合成:
通过合并139.5g丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)、150.0g单体M1和30.0g单体M2来制备单体进料溶液。通过合并59.0g PGMEA和4.45g V-601制备引发剂进料溶液。搅拌混合物以溶解组分。将167.5g PGMEA引入反应容器中并用氮气吹扫容器30分钟。接着在搅拌下将反应容器加热到80℃。然后将单体进料溶液引入反应容器中并经2小时的时间段进料,并且同时经3小时的时间段将引发剂进料溶液进料到反应容器中。在搅拌下使反应容器在80℃下再维持七小时,并且然后使其冷却到室温。用500mL四氢呋喃稀释反应混合物,然后通过将反应混合物滴加到10L 4/1甲醇/水(体积/体积)中使聚合物沉淀。通过过滤收集固体聚合物,并在真空中干燥。得到呈白色固体粉末状的聚合物B1[产量:143g,Mw=34.3kDa,PDI=2.4]。
实例2:聚合物B2合成:
通过合并89.1g丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)、188.0g单体M1和12.0g单体M3来制备单体进料溶液。通过合并80.9g PGMEA和10.0g V-601来制备引发剂进料溶液。搅拌混合物以溶解组分。将120.0g PGMEA引入反应容器中并用氮气吹扫容器30分钟。接着在搅拌下将反应容器加热到90℃。然后将单体进料溶液引入反应容器中并经2小时的时间段进料,并且同时经3小时的时间段将引发剂进料溶液进料到反应容器中。在搅拌下使反应容器在90℃下再维持七小时,并且然后使其冷却到室温。用500mL四氢呋喃稀释反应混合物,然后通过将反应混合物滴加到10L 4/1甲醇/水(体积/体积)中使聚合物沉淀。通过通过过滤收集固体聚合物,并在真空中干燥。得到呈白色固体粉末状的聚合物B2[产量:170g,Mw=10.3kDa,PDI=2.2]。
实例3:光致抗蚀剂组合物制备
抗蚀剂组分:
使用以下组分制备如下表1中所述的抗蚀剂组合物。
聚合物Al
抗蚀剂添加剂:
使用以下添加剂制备如表1中所述的抗蚀剂组合物。
抗蚀剂组合物制备:
通过以表1中所述的量,将上述组分加入包含按重量计1/1的丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)和2-羟基丁酸甲酯(HBM)的溶剂体系中来配制抗蚀剂组合物。使每种混合物过滤通过0.2μm PTFE盘。
表1.实例和比较抗蚀剂组合物
CR=比较实例;S1=1/1PGMEA/HBM。
实例4:抗蚀剂评估
NMR实验:
将抗蚀剂组合物在35℃下储存指定的时间,然后用d6-丙酮稀释一半,并收集19FNMR谱以测定含氟聚合物B的降解百分比。这通过比较对应于聚合物的氟峰(fluorinepeak)和对应于降解产物的氟峰的积分来完成。
在26℃下在具有5mm SMARTProbeTM的Bruker AVANCE III HD 600MHz光谱仪上获得19F NMR谱。使用MestReNova 6.2.1处理所有NMR谱。将来自分析的数据汇总于表2。
表2.例如来自NMR分析的降解数据和比较抗蚀剂组合物。
保质期稳定性实验:
将抗蚀剂组合物在35℃下储存指定的时间,然后测试其后退接触角和光刻性能。
后退接触角(Receding Contact Angle,RCA)测量:
在TEL ACT-8track上,在120℃下用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)对200mm硅晶片进行涂底漆30秒。使用85℃的软烘烤将抗蚀剂组合物涂覆至的厚度,持续60秒。使用Kruss接触角测角仪使用去离子的Millipore过滤水测量后退水接触角。对于后退接触角测量,DI水的液滴尺寸为50μl,并且晶片台倾斜速率为1度/秒。
光刻处理:
如下通过光刻评估抗蚀剂组合物。200mm晶片是第一经XU080538AA旋涂的底层并在240℃下烘烤60秒以形成135nm膜。然后将SiARC旋涂在顶部并在240℃下烘烤60秒以形成22nm膜。最后,将抗蚀剂组合物旋涂在顶部以形成100nm的膜并在85℃下软烘烤60秒。然后在常规照射下使用ArF曝光装置ASML-1100,NA=0.75,通过具有致密空间的掩模图案,用ArF准分子激光器(193nm)对涂覆的晶片进行曝光。此后,将晶片在95℃下烘烤60秒,接着用0.26N四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)水溶液显影,并且随后用水洗涤。通过使用日立(Hitachi)9380CD-SEM,在800伏特(V)加速电压、8.0微微安(pA)探针电流下操作,使用200K×放大率对所捕捉的图像进行自上向下的扫描电子显微镜术(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)处理来测定临界尺寸(CD)。利用100nm和200nm间距的掩模CD靶向100nm密集沟槽。将63个位点平均用于测定CD。
表3.实例和比较抗蚀剂组合物的性能数据。
实例5:面涂层组合物
通过混合下列组分:IBIB中的5.14g聚合物-B溶液(20%),IBIB中的2.21g淬灭剂-A溶液(1%)和92.7g IBIB,并且然后用0.2微米尼龙过滤器过滤此混合物来制备本发明的外涂层或面涂层组合物。
实例6:浸没式光刻
用ARTM26N(罗门哈斯电子材料)旋涂300mm HMDS涂底漆的硅晶片,以在TEL CLEANTRAC LITHIUS i+上形成第一底部抗反射涂层(bottom anti-reflective coating,BARC),接着在205℃下烘烤处理60秒。
在BARC层上旋涂实例3的光致抗蚀剂组合物(抗蚀剂R2)的涂层。将实例5的面涂层组合物旋涂到具有实例3的光致抗蚀剂组合物(抗蚀剂R2)涂层的硅晶片上。
然后使用如下照射条件通过尼康(Nikon)S306C ArF浸没式扫描仪上的掩模曝光制造的膜:1.3NA,具有XY偏振的环形,δ0.64-0.8。曝光剂量i在23.0mJ/cm2至47.0mJ/cm2之间按1mJ/cm2变化。然后将曝光的膜在90℃下曝光后烘烤60秒,接着用0.26N TMAH含水显影剂显影。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的光致抗蚀剂组合物,其进一步包含不同于第一基质 聚合物的第二聚合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光致抗蚀剂组合物,其中所述第二聚合物是氟化聚合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的涂覆的基材,其中所述第二聚合物是氟化聚合物。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的涂覆的基材,其中所述添加剂是酸酐。
9.一种形成光刻图案的方法,其包含:
(a)在衬底上施加一层根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的光致抗蚀剂组合物;
(b)以图案方式将所述光致抗蚀剂组合物层暴露于活化辐射;和
(c)使曝光的所述光致抗蚀剂组合物层显影,以得到光致抗蚀剂浮雕图像。
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