CN109942891B - 一种磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化阻燃剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化阻燃剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化阻燃剂及其应用,属于无卤阻燃技术领域。本发明磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料的组分按照重量份数配比,包括:1~2份二硫化钼、1~1.5份锌盐、5~8份含氮化合物、5~10含磷化合物。本发明杂化材料作为阻燃剂,有效的发挥了有机无机协同阻燃作用,提高二硫化钼的阻燃效率,减少了基体中阻燃剂的添加量,且同时能够提高基体的力学性能,具有非常好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化阻燃剂及其应用,属于无卤阻燃技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,各类民用、装饰用和产业用纤维的应用领域快速扩大,成为日常生活和工业生产不可或缺的部分。然而,大多数纤维具有高易燃性,易被外部热源引燃,并在燃烧过程中释放大量的热量、烟气及有毒气,严重危及生命财产安全,据统计,我国平均每年的大小火灾都会给社会造成5亿元以上的损失,而由纤维制品的易燃而引发的严重火灾就占了一半以上。开发高性能、低用量的阻燃剂,是提高纤维制品的附加值与安全性,使其不易着火燃烧或能够减慢燃烧速度的一种有效方法。
传统阻燃剂大多为卤系阻燃剂或卤系与其它阻燃剂的衍生物,这类阻燃剂燃烧会释放有毒有害气体,严重危害人体健康。近年来,磷、氮、硅系等无卤阻燃剂因绿色环保、阻燃效率优良等优势而得到广泛发展,然而,当添加到材料基体中时,该类阻燃剂存在用量大(>20%)、相容性较差、耐久性不佳、热稳定性较差等问题,对纤维及其它基体材料力学性能影响较大。
二硫化钼作为一种新兴的二维纳米阻燃材料,具有相对较低的热导率和高熔点(1185℃),能有效抑制外部热量及氧气的渗透和有毒物质的释放,钼原子还能催化基体形成大量碳层以减少热交换。但是二硫化钼单独添加使用时,对聚合物阻燃程度的提高有限,文献表明,将二硫化钼与其它阻燃剂分子合理的制备成有序的有机无机杂化结构可以达到优异的阻燃效果,如:2016年Xiaming Feng等在《Journal of Hazardous Materials》第320卷252-264页发表通过自组装法制备三明治结构的三聚氰胺-氰尿酸超分子/二硫化钼(MCA/MoS2)杂化材料,该阻燃材料能有效降低聚酰胺的火灾危害;Keqing Zhou在《Journalof Hazardous Materials》第344卷1078-1089页(2018年)报道了二硫化钼纳米片/二氧化硅杂化材料用于阻燃环氧树脂的研究,该材料能有效提高环氧树脂的阻燃性能。然而目前报道的方法二硫化钼类阻燃剂的添加量较大,阻燃效率较低,因此,开发一种用量少、效率高的阻燃剂是十分有意义的。
发明内容
为了减少基体中阻燃剂的添加量,提高二硫化钼的阻燃效率,本发明设计了一种磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化阻燃剂,有效的发挥了有机无机协同阻燃作用,且这种阻燃材料能同时提高基体的力学性能。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料,所述材料的组分按照重量份数配比,包括:1~2份二硫化钼、1~1.5份锌盐、5~8份含氮化合物、5~10含磷化合物。
本发明的一种实施方式中,所述锌盐包括乙酸锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌中的一种或多种。
本发明的一种实施方式中,所述含氮化合物包括聚乙烯亚胺、三聚氰胺、对苯二胺、乙二胺、硫脲中的一种或多种。
本发明的一种实施方式中,所述含磷化合物包括植酸、2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸、氨基三亚甲基膦酸、乙二胺四甲叉膦酸中的一种或多种。
本发明的一种实施方式中,所述杂化材料的制备方法包括:按照重量份数配比,将二硫化钼纳米片与锌盐和含氮化合物、含磷化合物在水溶液中混合,反应完全,即得杂化材料。
本发明的一种实施方式中,所述反应的温度为10~60℃,时间为2~8小时。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维,所述阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维包含上述的杂化材料。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法,所述方法是将上述磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料添加到聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,湿法纺丝即可得到。
本发明的一种实施方式中,所述杂化材料的添加量为阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维质量的1%-3%。
本发明的第四个目的是将上述磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料或者阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维应用于阻燃领域中。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料是利用Zn2+、含氮化合物物与含磷分子间的交联,在二硫化钼表面自组装形成磷氮锌二维超分子制备得到,方法简便,环境友好。
本发明杂化材料作为阻燃剂,有效的发挥了有机无机协同阻燃作用,提高二硫化钼的阻燃效率,减少了基体中阻燃剂的添加量,较少用量(2wt%)即可得到具有较好阻燃效果的阻燃纤维,其中最大热释放速率不超过100W/g,残碳量不低于57%,极限氧指数大于27(难燃级别),且同时不会对基体的力学性能产生影响,具有非常好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得的磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料的SEM图;
图2为实施例1所得的磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料的TEM图;
图3为实施例1所得的聚丙烯腈纤维、阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的热重(TG)图;
图4为实施例1所得的聚丙烯腈纤维、阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的热释放速率图;
图5为实施例1所得的聚丙烯腈纤维、阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的总热释放量图;
图6为实施例1所得的聚丙烯腈纤维、阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的极限氧指数图。
具体实施方式
测试方法:本发明利用微型量热仪测得热释放速率和总热释放量;利用热重分析仪测定热重(TG)图;利用极限氧指数仪测定阻燃纤维所纺织物的极限氧指数(GB 5454-1997,LOI<22,易燃;22≤LOI≤27,可燃;LOI>27,难燃);利用XQ-2单纤强力测试仪测试阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维强力。
实施例1
阻燃剂的制备:将0.5g三聚氰胺、0.1g乙酸锌溶解在200mL去离子水中,然后向溶液中加入0.1g二硫化钼纳米片并超声分散2h,带分散均匀后缓慢向上述分散液中滴加0.5g植酸,30℃搅拌4h。最后经去离子水离心清洗、60℃真空干燥,得到磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料。
经过SEM、TEM测试,分别如图1和2所示,所得杂化材料表面粗糙,二硫化钼纳米片表面有块状负载物,呈明显的三明治结构,表面片状二维超分子成功包覆二硫化钼纳米片。
阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备:称取0.06g磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料,超声分散在15g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,再加入3g聚丙烯腈粉末,80℃溶解8h,得到的纺丝液置于60℃真空烘箱中2h,进行脱泡处理。用TYD01纺丝注射泵进行纺丝,纺丝参数为:速度10μL min-1,针头内径0.3mm,凝固浴DMF的水溶液(DMF含量60%);得到的聚丙烯腈纤维60℃干燥24h,得到阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。
所得阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维进行热重分析、热释放速率、总热释放量测试以及极限氧指数测试,分别如图3-6所示。具体性能结果见表1。
实施例2
阻燃剂的制备:将0.8g三聚氰胺、0.15g乙酸锌溶解在200mL去离子水中,然后向溶液中加入0.2g二硫化钼纳米片并超声分散2h,带分散均匀后缓慢向上述分散液中滴加1g植酸,30℃搅拌4h。最后经去离子水离心清洗、60℃真空干燥,得到磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料。
阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备:参照实施例1,制备得到阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。具体性能参数见表1。
实施例3
阻燃剂的制备:将0.5g三聚氰胺、0.1g乙酸锌溶解在200mL去离子水中,然后向溶液中加入0.1g二硫化钼纳米片并超声分散2h,带分散均匀后缓慢向上述分散液中滴加0.5g植酸,60℃搅拌4h。最后经去离子水离心清洗、60℃真空干燥,得到磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料。
阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备:参照实施例1,制备得到阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。具体性能参数见表1。
实施例4
阻燃剂的制备:将0.5g聚乙烯亚胺、0.1g乙酸锌溶解在200mL去离子水中,然后向溶液中加入0.1g二硫化钼纳米片并超声分散2h,带分散均匀后缓慢向上述分散液中滴加0.8g植酸,10℃搅拌8h。最后经去离子水离心清洗、60℃真空干燥,得到磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料。
阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备:参照实施例1,制备得到阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。具体性能参数见表1。
实施例5
阻燃剂的制备:将0.5g聚乙烯亚胺、0.1g乙酸锌溶解在200mL去离子水中,然后向溶液中加入0.2g二硫化钼纳米片并超声分散2h,带分散均匀后缓慢向上述分散液中滴加1g氨基三亚甲基膦酸,30℃搅拌4h。最后经去离子水离心清洗、60℃真空干燥,得到磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料。
阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备:参照实施例1,制备得到阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。具体性能参数见表1。
实施例6
参照实施例1制备得到阻燃剂材料,然后参照实施例1阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法,仅将阻燃剂的用量替换为0.3g,其他条件不变,制备得到阻燃PAN纤维。具体性能参数见表1。
表1 不同实施例阻燃PAN纤维阻燃性能数据
实施例7阻燃剂制备条件的优化
参照实施例1,将二硫化钼、乙酸锌、三聚氰胺、植酸的添加量质量比替换为表2所示的用量比,制备阻燃PAN纤维。所得阻燃PAN纤维的具体性能参数见表2。
表2 不同二硫化钼、乙酸锌、三聚氰胺、植酸的质量比制备的阻燃剂阻燃性能
对照例1
参照实施例1中的阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法,将阻燃剂化合物分别替换为三聚氰胺-氰尿酸超分子/二硫化钼(MCA/MoS2)杂化材料、二硫化钼纳米片/二氧化硅杂化材料,制备得到阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。所得性能结果见表3。
表3 不同阻燃剂制备的阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的性能结果
Claims (7)
1.一种磷氮锌二维超分子包覆二硫化钼杂化材料,其特征在于,所述材料的组分按照重量份数配比,包括:1~2份二硫化钼、1~1.5份锌盐、5~8份含氮化合物、5~10含磷化合物;
所述含磷化合物包括植酸、2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸、氨基三亚甲基膦酸、乙二胺四甲叉膦酸中的一种或多种;
所述锌盐包括乙酸锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌中的一种或多种;
所述含氮化合物包括聚乙烯亚胺、三聚氰胺、对苯二胺、乙二胺、硫脲中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杂化材料,其特征在于,所述杂化材料的制备方法包括:按照重量份数配比,将二硫化钼纳米片与锌盐和含氮化合物、含磷化合物在水溶液中混合,反应完全,即得杂化材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的杂化材料,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为10~60℃。
4.一种阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维,其特征在于,所述阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维包含权利要求1-3任一所述的杂化材料。
5.一种阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法是将权利要求1-3任一所述的杂化材料添加到聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,湿法纺丝即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述杂化材料的添加量为阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维质量的1%-3%。
7.权利要求1-3任一所述的杂化材料或者权利要求4所述的阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维在阻燃领域中的应用。
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