CN109769617B - Method for making root shape of potted landscape - Google Patents

Method for making root shape of potted landscape Download PDF

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CN109769617B
CN109769617B CN201910161461.XA CN201910161461A CN109769617B CN 109769617 B CN109769617 B CN 109769617B CN 201910161461 A CN201910161461 A CN 201910161461A CN 109769617 B CN109769617 B CN 109769617B
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李文辉
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gardening, in particular to a method for manufacturing a root shape of a bonsai. The method comprises the steps of preparing manufacturing materials, manufacturing a bonsai bed, molding a mold, putting the mold into the mold, dibbling and planting seedlings, compressing and molding, lifting roots and changing the mold, scouring root surfaces and the like. The method for manufacturing the bonsai root shape has the advantages that irregular special-shaped materials such as sand stones, carbon residues and the like which hinder the normal growth of the root system are utilized, so that the manufacturing cost is low, and the material source is wide; in the manufacturing process, the growth effect of the plant root system is promoted to be in a natural abnormal state, or the root system is limited to grow in a local area to form a certain artistic modeling, and a cultivation method capable of manufacturing body, line, state, texture and the like which can show the aesthetic feeling of the tree root is arranged for cultivation, so that the manufacturing method is simple and natural; the tree root forms different body styles, unique meaning and beautiful overall vision.

Description

Method for making root shape of potted landscape
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gardening, in particular to a method for manufacturing a root shape of a bonsai.
Background
The bonsai is a artistic door taking a tree body as an expression form in the traditional Chinese culture for a long time, various trees are cultivated in a pot in a mode of expressing visual interest in the form of artistic aesthetics and modeling composition by adopting technical methods such as shearing, bundling, twisting, scraping, drawing and the like, the aesthetic emotion is expressed by tree body originality, the economic value is very high, and luxury goods taking the tree as an expression carrier in the gardening world have wide market development value. In the current era of highly developed economic development, the value space for developing gardening bonsais is huge.
The bonsai is divided into genres of south-Green, Sichuan, Hai and Yangyang according to different regional shape characteristics in China, and has various technical shapes. The land-country Chinese people also have a very prosperous potted landscape style expression. In the traditional potted landscape genres, the tree body modeling is more by adopting trees with peculiar foundation piles in wild resources harvested from mountains and then performing post modeling cultivation, but the products for cultivating large tree potted landscapes from seedlings are fewer, and the method for cultivating foundation piles by using materials in the wild is not allowed under the natural conditions of high altitude, cold and dry remote areas.
The method for making root shape of potted landscape of the invention utilizes irregular shaped materials such as sand stone, carbon slag and the like which obstruct the normal growth of the root system to promote the growth effect of the plant root system to present natural abnormal state, or limits the root system to grow in a local area to form a certain artistic shape, creates a reverse growth environment by adopting a series of technical setting modes, makes the root shape with root technical characteristics such as shape, line, state, texture and the like which can show the aesthetic feeling of the tree body, then carries out cultivation by using cultivation methods such as humiture, illumination, water and fertilizer, space, air flow, external force and the like under certain conditions, shapes such as top, platform, support, drift and the like, or is strong, thin and hard, or legendary small dragon with horns bent, or strong, or luxuriant, or drift and withered, and presents plant selection materials, plant selection, plant growth effect in the later stage, Artistic aesthetic feeling of tree body and seed nature.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above problems, the present invention is directed to a method for making a root shape of a potted landscape. Can be widely applied to the manufacture of the root shape of bonsai of all arbors, shrubs, lianas, perennial sprawling herbaceous plants and the like.
A method for manufacturing a root shape of a bonsai. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a manufacturing material: preparing materials including a nutrient medium, a mould shape limiting material and a guiding growth material which is mixed in the nutrient medium and used for preventing the straight growth of roots and promoting the irregular shape of the roots;
further, the nutrient medium is a mixture of soil, manure, fertilizer, grass and wood chips and perlite which are mixed according to the proportion of 12:5:0.5:3: 5;
further, the shape limiting material of the mould is; the sheet material is one of hard plastic membrane, wood board, metal sheet or ceramic, and can be fixed on the edge part of the flowerpot or placed on a bonsai bed, and the size of the mould shape-limiting material is suitable for the range of cultivation and growth of the seedling tree body;
furthermore, the guide growth material is sand stone or carbon slag or slag, wherein large blocks of carbon slag or slag are smashed into small granules, and then are dipped in cement slurry to be processed into non-porous granules for later use;
(2) and (3) manufacturing the bonsai bed: placing a bottom plate for containing a nutrient medium and guiding growth materials on the ground, on a table top or in a plug tray with a certain growth space, wherein the bottom plate is made into an irregular convex-concave shape or designed into a shape with texture by special originality, and a film material which ensures that plant roots are not easy to grow and adhere is laid on the upper part of the bottom plate;
further, the film material is a plastic film or a paint layer coated on the plastic film;
(3) molding a mold: enclosing the cut long strip material with the width of more than or equal to 1 cm into a space in a shape of a circle, a rectangle, a square, a rhombus, an ellipse, a special shape, a character or a pattern, and horizontally placing the space on a production surface to manufacture a planar modeling die for limiting the growth of roots and shapes;
further, the other one is a three-dimensional modeling die which is made by selecting a mass, a block, a line, a special shape and a character pattern;
further, the strip material is a wood plate, a metal plate or a ceramic plate;
(4) entering a model: mixing the oriented growth material prepared in the step (1) with a nutrient medium, and filling the mixture into a manufactured planar or three-dimensional modeling mold;
(5) point planting and seedling planting: the seedlings of the plant to be shaped are dibbled according to a normal seedling cultivation method and planted in a shape-limited shaping mold, the seedling is watered and cultured normally, the root system of the plant grows in a nutrient medium which is fully covered with a guide growth material and grows into an irregular specific form, and the root system can become a special expression form which is bent and folded after growing large and thick, namely the special expression form is a technique for creative shaping the root of the tree body in a specific mode;
(6) compression molding: when the seedlings grow, performing compression modeling within 10 cm of the plant height in the seedling stage, and cultivating foundation piles, plant shapes and modeling by adopting technical measures of shearing, pricking, coiling, connecting, twisting, folding, peeling or guiding to enable the tree body to generate corresponding bonesets and style;
(7) root lifting and die changing: observing the growing point of the root hair, lifting the root and changing the mould when the root system grows over the modeling mould, and transplanting the root and changing the mould into a larger or other special shape limiting modeling mould disc; wherein, after the root lifting and transplanting, the tiled growth amount is formed, the root lifting and transplanting are carried out, the root is embodied in a downward growth toggle manner, and the root is promoted to form the gripping force potential which is the same as that of an eagle claw or the tension potential which is expressed in a dragon shape; meanwhile, when the seedling roots are put out for the first time, the main root growing points are cut off to promote the lateral roots to grow thickly, which is beneficial to the distribution of root systems; the cultivation can be carried out for a plurality of times by changing the mould, and the trees on the ground are constructed, so that the miniature, medium and large tree landscape bonsai can be made;
(8) washing the root surface: after the mold is changed once, when the tree grows to have certain stress resistance growth potential, the root surface is washed by water flow, the root modeling texture and thickness change are exposed, and the bending and folding posture is changed, so that the visual sense of the root system tree is presented.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for manufacturing the bonsai root shape utilizes irregular special-shaped materials such as sand stones, carbon residues and the like which hinder the normal growth of the root system, so the manufacturing cost is low and the material source is wide; in the manufacturing process, the growth effect of the plant root system is promoted to be in a natural abnormal state, or the root system is limited to grow in a local area to form a certain artistic modeling, and a cultivation method capable of manufacturing body, line, state, texture and the like which can show the aesthetic feeling of the tree root is arranged for cultivation, so that the manufacturing method is simple and natural; the tree root forms different body styles, unique meaning and beautiful overall vision.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method for making a root shape of a bonsai comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a manufacturing material: preparing materials including a nutrient medium, a mould shape limiting material and a guiding growth material which is mixed in the nutrient medium and used for preventing the straight growth of roots and promoting the irregular shape of the roots; wherein the nutrient substrate is a mixture of 12g of soil, 5g of manure, 0.5g of fertilizer, 3g of grass and wood chips and 5g of perlite mixed with the substrate; the shape limiting material of the mould is a hard plastic membrane and is fixed at the edge part of the flowerpot, and the size of the shape limiting material of the mould is suitable for the range of the cultivation and growth of the nursery stock tree body; the guide growth material is sand;
(2) and (3) manufacturing the bonsai bed: placing a bottom plate for containing nutrient substrates and gravels on the ground, on a table top or in a plug with a certain growth space, wherein the bottom plate is made into an irregular convex-concave shape, and the upper part of the bottom plate is paved with a film material which makes the plant root system not easy to grow and adhere; wherein the membranous material is a plastic film;
(3) molding a mold: enclosing a cut long strip material with the width of 1 cm into a ring, horizontally placing the ring on a production surface, and manufacturing a shape-limiting plane modeling die for limiting root growth, wherein the long strip material is a wood board;
(4) entering a model: mixing the guided growth material sand stone prepared in the step (1) with a nutrient medium, and filling the mixture into a manufactured plane modeling mold;
(5) point planting and seedling planting: planting the seedlings of the shrub plants to be shaped into the shape-limited shaping mould according to a normal seedling cultivation method, watering and then normally cultivating the seedlings, wherein the plant roots grow in a nutrient medium which is fully covered with sand stones serving as guide growth materials and grow into an irregular specific shape, and the seedlings can become a special expression shape with bending and folding directions after the roots grow large and thick;
(6) compression molding: when the seedlings grow, performing compression modeling within 10 cm of the plant height in the seedling stage, and cultivating foundation piles, plant shapes and modeling by adopting technical measures of shearing, pricking, coiling, connecting, twisting, folding, peeling or guiding to enable the tree body to generate corresponding bonesets and style;
(7) root lifting and die changing: observing the growing point of the root hair, lifting the root and changing the mould when the root system grows over the modeling mould, and transplanting the root and changing the mould into a larger or other special shape limiting modeling mould disc; wherein, after the root lifting and transplanting, the tiled growth amount is formed, the root lifting and transplanting are carried out, the root is embodied in a downward growth toggle manner, and the root is promoted to form the gripping force potential which is the same as that of an eagle claw or the tension potential which is expressed in a dragon shape; meanwhile, when the seedling roots are put out for the first time, the main root growing points are cut off to promote the lateral roots to grow thickly, which is beneficial to the distribution of root systems; the cultivation can be carried out for a plurality of times by changing the mould, and the miniature tree landscape bonsai can be made by assisting the sexual construction of the overground part of the tree;
(8) washing the root surface: after the mold is changed once, when the tree grows to have certain stress resistance growth potential, the root surface is washed by water flow, the root modeling texture and thickness change are exposed, and the bending and folding posture is changed, so that the visual sense of the root system tree is presented.
Example 2
A method for making a root shape of a bonsai comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a manufacturing material: preparing materials including a nutrient medium, a mould shape limiting material and a guiding growth material which is mixed in the nutrient medium and used for preventing the straight growth of roots and promoting the irregular shape of the roots; wherein the nutrient substrate is a mixture of 60g of soil, 25g of manure, 2.5g of chemical fertilizer, 15g of grass and wood chips and 25g of perlite mixed with the substrate; the mould shape limiting material is a wood plate and is placed on the bonsai bed, and the size of the mould shape limiting material is suitable for the range of cultivation and growth of the nursery stock tree body; the oriented growth material is special-shaped carbon slag, wherein large blocks are smashed into small particles, and then are dipped in cement slurry to be processed into non-porous granular particles and dried for later use;
(2) and (3) manufacturing the bonsai bed: placing a bottom plate for containing a nutrient medium and guiding growth material carbon residue on the ground, on a table top or in a plug tray with a certain growth space, wherein the bottom plate is designed into a shape with texture by special creative design, and a film material which enables plant roots not to grow and adhere easily is laid on the upper part of the bottom plate; wherein the film material is a paint layer coated on the film material;
(3) molding a mold: enclosing the cut long strip material with the width of 3 cm into a rectangle, wherein the long strip material is a metal plate; selecting a dough to manufacture a three-dimensional modeling die;
(4) entering a model: mixing the carbon residue of the oriented growth material prepared in the step (1) with a nutrient medium, and filling the mixture into a manufactured three-dimensional modeling mold;
(5) point planting and seedling planting: planting seeds of seedlings of arbor plants to be shaped into a shape-limited shaping mold according to a normal seedling cultivation method, watering and then normally cultivating the seedlings, wherein plant root systems grow in a nutrient medium filled with guide growth material carbon residues and grow into irregular special shapes, and the seedlings can become a special expression shape with bending and folding directions after the root systems grow large and thick;
(6) compression molding: when the seedlings grow, performing compression modeling within 10 cm of the plant height in the seedling stage, and cultivating foundation piles, plant shapes and modeling by adopting technical measures of shearing, pricking, coiling, connecting, twisting, folding, peeling or guiding to enable the tree body to generate corresponding bonesets and style;
(7) root lifting and die changing: observing the growing point of the root hair, lifting the root and changing the mould when the root system grows over the modeling mould, and transplanting the root and changing the mould into a larger or other special shape limiting modeling mould disc; wherein, after the root lifting and transplanting, the tiled growth amount is formed, the root lifting and transplanting are carried out, the root is embodied in a downward growth toggle manner, and the root is promoted to form the gripping force potential which is the same as that of an eagle claw or the tension potential which is expressed in a dragon shape; meanwhile, when the seedling roots are put out for the first time, the main root growing points are cut off to promote the lateral roots to grow thickly, which is beneficial to the distribution of root systems; the cultivation can be carried out for a plurality of times by changing the mould, and the medium-sized tree landscape bonsai can be made by assisting the sexual construction of the overground part trees;
(8) washing the root surface: after the mold is changed once, when the tree grows to have certain stress resistance growth potential, the root surface is washed by water flow, the root modeling texture and thickness change are exposed, and the bending and folding posture is changed, so that the visual sense of the root system tree is presented.
Example 3
A method for making a root shape of a bonsai comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a manufacturing material: preparing materials including a nutrient medium, a mould shape limiting material and a guiding growth material which is mixed in the nutrient medium and used for preventing the straight growth of roots and promoting the irregular shape of the roots; wherein the nutrient substrate is a mixture of 120g of soil, 50g of manure, 5g of fertilizer, 30g of grass and wood chips and 50g of perlite mixed with the substrate; the mould shape limiting material is a metal sheet and is fixed at the edge part of the flowerpot, and the size of the mould shape limiting material is suitable for the range of cultivation and growth of the nursery stock tree body; the oriented growth material is special-shaped material slag, wherein large blocks are smashed into small granules, and then are dipped in cement slurry to be processed into non-porous granular shape for later use;
(2) and (3) manufacturing the bonsai bed: placing a bottom plate for containing nutrient medium and guiding slag of a growth material on the ground, on a table top or in a plug with a certain growth space, wherein the bottom plate is made into an irregular convex-concave shape, and a film material which ensures that plant roots are not easy to grow and adhere is laid on the upper part of the bottom plate; wherein the membranous material is a plastic film;
(3) molding a mold: enclosing a cut strip material with the width of 10 cm into a diamond shape, horizontally placing the diamond shape on a production surface, and manufacturing a plane modeling die for limiting the growth of root systems, wherein the strip material is a ceramic plate;
(4) entering a model: mixing the slag of the oriented growth material prepared in the step (1) with a nutrient medium, and filling the mixture into a manufactured plane modeling die;
(5) point planting and seedling planting: seeding the vine plant seedling to be shaped into a shape-limited shaping mold according to a normal seedling cultivation method, planting the seedling in a dibble mode, watering, and then normally cultivating, wherein the plant root system grows in a nutrient medium which is full of slag serving as a guide growth material and grows into an irregular specific form, and the plant root system can become a special expression form in a bending direction after growing large and thick;
(6) compression molding: when the seedlings grow, performing compression modeling within 10 cm of the plant height in the seedling stage, and cultivating foundation piles, plant shapes and modeling by adopting technical measures of shearing, pricking, coiling, connecting, twisting, folding, peeling or guiding to enable the tree body to generate corresponding bonesets and style;
(7) root lifting and die changing: observing the growing point of the root hair, lifting the root and changing the mould when the root system grows over the modeling mould, and transplanting the root and changing the mould into a larger or other special shape limiting modeling mould disc; wherein, after the root lifting and transplanting, the tiled growth amount is formed, the root lifting and transplanting are carried out, the root is embodied in a downward growth toggle manner, and the root is promoted to form the gripping force potential which is the same as that of an eagle claw or the tension potential which is expressed in a dragon shape; meanwhile, when the seedling roots are put out for the first time, the main root growing points are cut off to promote the lateral roots to grow thickly, which is beneficial to the distribution of root systems; the cultivation can be carried out for a plurality of times by changing the mould, and the trees on the ground are constructed, so that the large-scale tree landscape bonsai can be made;
(8) washing the root surface: after the mold is changed once, when the tree grows to have certain stress resistance growth potential, the root surface is washed by water flow, the root modeling texture and thickness change are exposed, and the bending and folding posture is changed, so that the visual sense of the root system tree is presented.
Example 4
A method for making a root shape of a bonsai comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a manufacturing material: preparing materials including a nutrient medium, a mould shape limiting material and a guiding growth material which is mixed in the nutrient medium and used for preventing the straight growth of roots and promoting the irregular shape of the roots; wherein the nutrient substrate is a mixture of 180g of soil, 75g of manure, 7.5g of fertilizer, 45g of grass and wood chips and 75g of perlite mixed with the substrate; the mould shape limiting material is ceramic of a sheet material and is placed on the bonsai bed, and the size of the mould shape limiting material is in a range suitable for the cultivation and growth of the nursery stock tree body; the guide growth material is sand;
(2) and (3) manufacturing the bonsai bed: placing a bottom plate for containing nutrient substrates and guiding growth material gravels on the ground, on a table top or in a plug with a certain growth space, wherein the bottom plate is made into an irregular convex-concave shape, and the upper part of the bottom plate is paved with a film material which can prevent the plant roots from growing and adhering easily; wherein the film material is a paint layer coated on the film material;
(3) molding a mold: enclosing the cut strip material with the width of 5 cm into a special shape, wherein the strip material is a wood board; selecting special-shaped patterns to manufacture a three-dimensional modeling mold;
(4) entering a model: mixing the guided growth material sand stone prepared in the step (1) with the nutrient medium, and filling the mixture into a manufactured three-dimensional modeling mold;
(5) point planting and seedling planting: the seedlings of perennial sprawl herbaceous plants to be shaped are dibbled and planted in a shape-limited shaping mould according to a normal seedling cultivation method, the seedlings are watered and cultivated normally, the plant root system grows in a nutrient medium which is full of guide growth material sand stones and grows into an irregular special shape, and the plant root system can become a special expression shape which is bent and folded after growing large and thick;
(6) compression molding: when the seedlings grow, performing compression modeling within 10 cm of the plant height in the seedling stage, and cultivating foundation piles, plant shapes and modeling by adopting technical measures of shearing, pricking, coiling, connecting, twisting, folding, peeling or guiding to enable the tree body to generate corresponding bonesets and style;
(7) root lifting and die changing: observing the growing point of the root hair, lifting the root and changing the mould when the root system grows over the modeling mould, and transplanting the root and changing the mould into a larger or other special shape limiting modeling mould disc; wherein, after the root lifting and transplanting, the tiled growth amount is formed, the root lifting and transplanting are carried out, the root is embodied in a downward growth toggle manner, and the root is promoted to form the gripping force potential which is the same as that of an eagle claw or the tension potential which is expressed in a dragon shape; meanwhile, when the seedling roots are put out for the first time, the main root growing points are cut off to promote the lateral roots to grow thickly, which is beneficial to the distribution of root systems; the cultivation can be carried out for a plurality of times by changing the mould, and the medium-sized tree landscape bonsai can be made by assisting the sexual construction of the overground part trees;
(8) washing the root surface: after the mold is changed once, when the tree grows to have certain stress resistance growth potential, the root surface is washed by water flow, the root modeling texture and thickness change are exposed, and the bending and folding posture is changed, so that the visual sense of the root system tree is presented.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the examples described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the manner in which the invention is practiced, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specifically recited statements and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for manufacturing a bonsai root shape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a manufacturing material: preparing materials including a nutrient medium, a mould shape limiting material and a guiding growth material which is mixed in the nutrient medium and used for preventing the straight growth of roots and promoting the irregular shape of the roots;
(2) and (3) manufacturing the bonsai bed: placing a bottom plate for containing a nutrient medium and guiding growth materials on the ground, on a table top or in a plug tray with a certain growth space, wherein the bottom plate is made into an irregular convex-concave shape or designed into a shape with texture by special originality, and a film material which ensures that plant roots are not easy to grow and adhere is laid on the upper part of the bottom plate;
(3) molding a mold: enclosing the cut long strip material with the width of more than or equal to 1 cm into a space in a shape of a circle, a rectangle, a square, a rhombus, an ellipse, a special shape, a character or a pattern, and horizontally placing the space on a production surface to manufacture a planar modeling die for limiting the growth of roots and shapes;
(4) entering a model: mixing the oriented growth material prepared in the step (1) with a nutrient medium, and filling the mixture into a manufactured planar or three-dimensional modeling mold;
(5) point planting and seedling planting: the seedlings of the plant to be shaped are dibbled according to a normal seedling cultivation method and planted in a shape-limiting shaping mould, the plant is cultivated normally after being watered, the root system of the plant grows in a nutrient medium which is fully covered with a guide growth material and grows into an irregular specific shape, and the plant can become a special expression shape of bending and folding after the root system grows large and thick;
(6) compression molding: when the seedlings grow, performing compression modeling within 10 cm of the plant height in the seedling stage, and cultivating foundation piles, plant shapes and modeling by adopting technical measures of shearing, pricking, coiling, connecting, twisting, folding, peeling or guiding to enable the tree body to generate corresponding bonesets and style;
(7) root lifting and die changing: observing the growing point of the root hair, lifting the root and changing the mould when the root system grows over the moulding mould, and transplanting the root and changing the mould into a larger or other special shape limiting moulding mould disc; wherein, after the root lifting and transplanting, the tiled growth amount is formed, the root lifting and transplanting are carried out, the root is embodied in a downward growth toggle manner, and the root is promoted to form the gripping force potential which is the same as that of an eagle claw or the tension potential which is expressed in a dragon shape; meanwhile, when the seedling roots are put out for the first time, the main root growing points are cut off to promote the lateral roots to grow thickly, which is beneficial to the distribution of root systems; the cultivation can be carried out for a plurality of times by changing the mould, and the trees on the ground are constructed, so that the miniature, medium and large tree landscape bonsai can be made;
(8) washing the root surface: after the mold is changed once, when the tree grows to have certain stress resistance, the root surface is washed by water flow, and the root structure texture and thickness change bending and folding posture is exposed.
2. The method for making the root shape of the bonsai according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient medium in the step (1) is a mixture of soil, manure, fertilizer, grass and wood chips and perlite mixed according to a ratio of 12:5:0.5:3: 5.
3. The method for making the root shape of the potted landscape according to claim 1, wherein the shape-limiting material of the mold in the step (1) is a sheet material, is one of a hard plastic membrane, a wood board, a metal sheet or ceramic, and can be fixed on the edge part of a flowerpot or placed on a potted landscape bed, and the size of the shape-limiting material of the mold is suitable for the range of cultivation and growth of nursery stock and trees.
4. The method for making the root shape of the potted landscape according to claim 1, wherein the oriented growth material in the step (1) is sand or carbon slag or slag, wherein large blocks of carbon slag or slag are smashed into small granules, and then are treated into non-porous granules by dipping slurry in cement slurry and air-dried for standby.
5. The method for making the root shape of the potted landscape according to claim 1, wherein the film material in the step (2) is a plastic film or a paint layer applied thereon.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shaping mold in step (3) is another three-dimensional shaping mold, and the three-dimensional shaping mold is made of a shape selected from a group consisting of a ball, a block, a line, a shape, and a font.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the strip material in step (3) is a wood board, a metal board or a ceramic board.
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