CN109757176A - A kind of cultivation matrix and implantation methods of Snakegourd Fruit - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation matrix and implantation methods of Snakegourd Fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109757176A CN109757176A CN201910206715.5A CN201910206715A CN109757176A CN 109757176 A CN109757176 A CN 109757176A CN 201910206715 A CN201910206715 A CN 201910206715A CN 109757176 A CN109757176 A CN 109757176A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation matrix of Snakegourd Fruit and using the matrix implantation methods, by nursery, restocking, artificial pollination, fertilizing management, pest and disease damage in terms of improved, with achieve the effect that improve Snakegourd Fruit yield and quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation matrix of Snakegourd Fruit and implantation methods, belong to field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technique
Snakegourd Fruit, alias: snakegourd, sugared Snakegourd Fruit, beach wormwood melon.It is perennial to climb type herbaceous plant.Remote mountains high mountain, brambles clump are born in happiness
Among raw cliff crack of stone.Its fruit, pericarp, kernel (seed), rhizome are first-class Chinese medicine.Cure mainly clearing away heat and eliminating phlegm, wide chest
Dissipating bind, moisturizing dryness and lubricating intestine.For cough with lung heat, yellow and thick phlegm, chest impediment and cardialgia, accumulation of pathogens in chest feeling of fullness, acute mastitis, pulmonary abscess, acute appendicitis swelling and pain, stool
It is constipated.
Since Snakegourd Fruit fruit, Chinese Drug Gualouzi, radices trichosanthis all have the very high market price, the peasant household of Snakegourd Fruit is planted increasingly
It is more.The cultivation matrix and implantation methods of traditional Snakegourd Fruit, yield have limitation, are not able to satisfy the needs of plantation.
Summary of the invention
To overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention provides the cultivation matrix and implantation methods of a kind of Snakegourd Fruit, by cultivation matrix
And the improvement of implantation methods, to achieve the effect that improve Snakegourd Fruit yield and quality.
The solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of cultivation matrix of Snakegourd Fruit is made of Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer and river sand；
The Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer the production method is as follows:
(1), it after late autumn, Snakegourd Fruit harvest, after waiting Snakegourd Fruits cane leaves naturally withered and yellow, is collected, removes impurity, it is spare；Snakegourd Fruit rattan
While leaf is naturally withered and yellow, sweet potato cane leaves are also naturally withered and yellow, collected, and impurity is removed, spare；
(2), it selects suitable plot to dig pit, tamps bottom and the surrounding in hole, the diameter in hole is at 2-3 meters, and depth is at 1-2 meters；
(3), the Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves of collection and sweet potato cane leaves are crushed respectively, vinasse mixing, mixed proportion 1:0.6- is then added
0.8:0.4-0.5 constitutes cane leaves mixture；
(4), hole bottom layer overlay 10-15cm straw, be then then covered with the cane leaves mixture of one layer of 20-30cm,
One layer of water is sprayed on the mixture, is then then covered with the river embankment sludge of one layer of 4-6cm；One layer of 3- is then covered on river embankment sludge
The people and animals of 5cm urinate excrement；
The cane leaves mixture of upper one layer of 20-30cm according to the above method again on people and animals' dung excrement, sprays one layer of water on the mixture,
Then it is then covered with the river embankment sludge of one layer of 4-6cm；The people and animals that one layer of 3-5cm is then covered on river embankment sludge urinate excrement；In the people and animals
Cane leaves mixture is spread on urine excrement until hole top；After being sprinkled with one layer of water, covered with plastic film near coal-mine；
(5), it every other month, stirs once, is then sprinkled with one layer of water；After 3 months, Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer completes, wind
Dry or drying, seals spare；
The cultivation matrix of the Snakegourd Fruit the production method is as follows:
(1), it will be sterilized after the cleaning of 40-70 mesh river sand, screening, it is spare；
(2), Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer is mixed with river sand, the sandy soil after detoxicating, mixed proportion 2-3:0.6-0.9:
1.2-1.6 。
A kind of cultivation matrix application method of Snakegourd Fruit is as follows:
Round pool is dug in milpa, the 40-70 mesh river sand of 2-3cm thickness is put in round pool bottom, then places into the cultivation of 4-6cm thickness
Matrix is trained, the nutrient matrix of 12-14cm thickness is placed into, the cultivation matrix of 3-5 cm thickness is placed into, then in round pool center
It is inserted vertically into nursery root, places into the sandy soil of 3-4cm thickness, it is simple to tamp, then sprinkle profoundly water.
A kind of implantation methods of Snakegourd Fruit, which is characterized in that method is as follows:
One, nursery
(1) selection of land
Select soil layer it is deep, soil property is fertile, irrigation and drainage are convenient, pH value 6.5-7 sandy soil；Snakegourd Fruit root is deep, root can grow to
1.6m or more, because removing plant undesirable root, the straw in field soil a bit before nursery winter the previous year by plot deep ploughing at least 1m
Stalk, soil block, stone and rubbish；It also needs to spread fertilizer over the fields 40-80 kilograms of lime per acre；
(2) it applies fertilizer
Plot Shi Chufei is given, applies farmyard manure 1600-2000Kg, NPK compound fertilizer 30-40 Kg, mistake per acre the January before nursery
Calcium phosphate 20-30Kg, cake fertilizer 40-50Kg, and plot soil is stirred, then water；It waters for the first time, so that water at least irrigates
Soil 8cm waters again after a week, so that water at least irrigates soil 15cm；
(3) nursery root is selected
Selection is long to 3-4, and the healthy Snakegourd Fruit plant of no disease and pests harm takes root tuber；The root tuber of the thick 4-7cm of diameter is chosen, after cleaning
It is cut into 4-5cm segment, both ends are spread lime, stored after micro- solarization, as kind of a root；
(4) nursery root is buried
Before kind of root nursery, kind of a root is immersed in root-growing agent, soaking time 5-10sec；10sec is air-dried after immersion
It is embedded in plot；Root-growing agent is by sodium nitrate, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate, boric acid powder, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, ferrous sulfate, indoles
Butyric acid, niacin, cryptomeria leaf extract, Huashan Folium Pini extract, water mixed dissolution form；
The nursery stock in the soil of plot is embedded to away from 40-50cm, line-spacing 1.2-1.6m；Before embedment, pre-buried point is first dug out into depth
The circular hole of 25-30cm, diameter 20-30cm simply tamp the bottom surface of circular hole and surrounding, put 2-3cm thickness in circular hole bottom
Then 40-70 mesh river sand places into the cultivation matrix described in claim 1 of 4-6cm thickness, places into the nutrition of 12-14cm thickness
Matrix places into the cultivation matrix described in claim 1 of 3-5 cm thickness, is then inserted vertically into nursery root in circular hole center,
The sandy soil of 3-4cm thickness is placed into, it is simple to tamp, then sprinkle profoundly water；
Wherein, the kind root of embedment is according to the female root tuber of ratio collocation of 5-8:1 and male root tuber；
(5) overlay film
After watering, one layer of black film, surrounding compacting are covered on plot surface；After two weeks, the black film above circular hole is poked, block is facilitated
Root emergence, then layer of transparent film is covered, film covering requires loose, the growing space of guarantee root tuber seedling；It is long to 8-10cm to seedling
When, hyaline membrane is removed, while several duck eyes are stabbed out on black film；When seedling it is long to 28-5cm when, remove black film, nursery is completed, into
Row draws seedling restocking;
Two, restocking
(1) seedling frame is made
1.5-1.8m concrete column is selected, every a piece concrete column of 4 plants of settings, every row is respectively provided with, and is used between adjacent longitudinal direction concrete column
Bamboo pole builds crossbearer, and is fixed on concrete column with iron wire, and top is connected and fixed with iron wire between adjacent transverse concrete column；
(2) draw seedling
Away from every plant of Snakegourd Fruit 10cm, it is inserted into a bamboo pole in the soil, bamboo pole exposes soil Partial Height and is not less than 1.5m, so that bamboo
It can be fixed at the top of pole on the iron wire between the adjacent concrete column in top；Every plant of Snakegourd Fruit stays that 2-3 root is healthy, disease-free, growing way is strong
Strong vines remove remaining extra branch and axillary bud, Snakegourd Fruit vines are led on bamboo pole, and with rope gently be bundled in bamboo pole
On；
(3) vines management
After restocking, the growth of routine observation Snakegourd Fruit vines, vines branch weaker for growing way and close, excessive growth wooden fork, axillary bud
It needs to remove in time, guarantees that nutrition when Snakegourd Fruit vines are grown is concentrated, so that vines distribution is more uniform, improves translucency and lead to
Wind；
Three, the artificial pollination in florescence
Arrange in pairs or groups female root tuber and male root tuber according to the ratio of 5-8:1 among the above, but in order to improve fruiting rate, need to also florescence into
Row artificial pollination；
Prepare paper and hairbrush, by the scraps of paper close to the underface of Snakegourd Fruit stamen, with hairbrush inclination gently swipe stamen, allow pollen to fall
It falls on paper, together by pollen collecting finally, is placed in vial；Using cotton swab, take the cotton swab of pollen in gynoecium for viscous
Lightly nuzzle up on column cap, pollen is allowed to adhere on column cap, that is, completes pollination；
Four, fertilizing management
After drawing Miao Shangjia, before florescence, is applied per acre in conjunction with watering and rush fertilising 28-35Kg, 3-5 times；In this course, it also needs
Spray foliar fertilizer 3-4 times, foliar fertilizer selects xanthohumic acid kind organic fertilizer and magnesium, boron, zinc, Tie Dengzhong micronutrient, to guarantee that melon is climing
Growth, bloom extra-nutrition of bearing fruit for the later period；
As a result before rear extremely picking, 42-50Kg punching fertilising is monthly applied per acre once, monthly also needs to spray a foliar fertilizer, foliar fertilizer
The Meso- and micro-nutrients such as boron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese are selected, Fruit speed is improved, reduce lopsided melon；
Five, the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage
The pest and disease damage of Snakegourd Fruit master is mainly anthracnose, blight dis-ease；Pathogenicity test, melonfly, aulacophora femoralis, aphid and clearwing moth；
Anthracnose can be selected 600 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz wettable powder, 1200 times of liquid or 25% bromothalonil wettable powder and spray,
It is 2-3 times total every 7-10 days 1 time；Blight dis-ease early stage 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 38% evil frost
Phonetic 800 times of liquid of copper bacterium ester；
Pathogenicity test selects 800 times of liquid of 15% indoxacarb suspending agent, 3000 times of liquid or 0.36% matrine missible oil；Melonfly, adult are contained
The hair phase is sprayed 1 time, even spray 2~3 times for 3~5 days with 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2800 times of liquid；Melonfly, with 20% moth
5000 times of liquid of 1800 times of liquid of first missible oil or 10% effective cypermethrin；Aphid, with 50% marathon emulsion, 1200 times of liquid, or
50% 1000 times of Folithion emulsion liquid；Clearwing moth can spray 10 %-20% pyrethroid pesticide, 1800 times of liquid.
Further, the root-growing agent is by sodium nitrate 20-40 g, copper sulphate 50-60 g, manganese sulfate 70-90g, boric acid powder
45-60g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 50-60g, ferrous sulfate 20-40g, indolebutyric acid 0.5-0.8g, niacin 0.3-0.6g,
Cryptomeria leaf extract 0.1-0.3g, Huashan Folium Pini extract 0.1-0.2g, water 1300-1400g mixed dissolution form.
Further, the nutrient matrix presses 1.3-1.8:2.2- by peat soil, yellow soil, perlite, pine needle powder
2.9:0.6-0.9:0.4-0.8 proportions mix.
Further, after stabbing out several duck eyes, a liquid fertilizer is sprayed by duck eye weekly.
Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer in cultivation matrix of the present invention effectively uses Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves discarded after late autumn and red
Potato cane leaves, gather materials on the spot, and use cost is low.In Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves and sweet potato cane leaves after fermentation containing nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
The elements such as iron, nitrogen play very important effect to plant growth, are the component parts of plant vivo acid, are to constitute egg
The ingredient of white matter and plant carry out photosynthesis important component.It can promote cell division and growth, promote seedling hair
It educates, the synthesis of metabolism and protein to carbohydrate has preferable effect；It is also added into vinasse, vinasse mine rich in
Substance, such as iron, calcium, micronutrient levels is also very high, increases cultivation matrix nutrition, and on the other hand, also residual is a small amount of in vinasse
Ethyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol can play the role of sterilizing during the fermentation.
Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer of the invention has been selected in fermentation
Straw, cane leaves mixture, river embankment sludge, people and animals urinate excrement, cane leaves mixture, river embankment sludge, people and animals and urinate excrement, cane leaves mixture.It puts
Straw in bottom can gather the lower infiltration solution in fermentation starting process, and when convenient for stirring for the first time, solution is sufficiently mixed；River
Pool sludge may participate in fermentation, while can also reduce the evaporation of moisture, convenient for sufficiently fermentation.
Before nursery root tuber of the present invention is buried, impregnated using root-growing agent, hestening rooting.In root-growing agent except conventional nutrient formula and
Taking root, it is outer to be formulated, and is specifically added cryptomeria leaf extract, Huashan Folium Pini extract, is extracted by cryptomeria leaf extract, Huashan pine needle
Object cooperation, exogenous auxin needed for supplementing plant establishment are synthesized with Endogenous auxin in plant is promoted, and promote taproot and fibrous root
Growth, the formation of inducing adventitious root can promote taproot and lateral root to grow simultaneously.
The advantages of breeding of Snakegourd Fruit root tuber is general directly to carry kind, does not transplant, cannot be using feeding block seedlings raising.If straight in plot
Laying nutrient matrix is connect, cost is big.Present invention selection digs circular hole, and surrounding and bottom compacting in block on the ground, forms a type
Like nutritive cube, since the nutrients of surrounding and bottom compacting upper layer nutrient matrix and organic fertilizer relatively long can store, benefit
In the nutrient absorption of root tuber, guarantee the healthy growth at Snakegourd Fruit nursery initial stage.River sand is put in circular hole bottom, top is deposited convenient for collection and seeps
The nutrient water entered, the layering setting of cultivation matrix, nutrient matrix, also for allowing top fertilizer to change slow permeability, extension is retained
Time guarantees the nutrition supply of Snakegourd Fruit seedling.
The late factor of Snakegourd Fruit root tuber early breeding stage is mainly weeds and pest.General Snakegourd Fruit root tuber breeding is only with one layer
Film or it is hyaline membrane or is black film.Weeds generation can be effectively prevented in black film, but will affect the growth of the tender seedling of Snakegourd Fruit.This
Invention inhibits weeds photosynthesis, can reduce the generation probability of weeds, also have control efficiency to pest in early application black film.
It after the tender seedling of Snakegourd Fruit is grown, manually pokes, allows tender seedling that can grow black film, while covering layer of transparent film, i.e., do not influence tender seedling
Photosynthesis, can also keep the temperature, moisturizing.When seedling it is long to 8-10cm when, remove hyaline membrane, while stabbing out on black film several small
Hole can guarantee the healthy growth of seedling with applying liquid fertilizer, while continue to retain black film, inhibit weeds.
Snakegourd Fruit root tuber of the invention be not it is conventional lay flat, but be inserted vertically into.We have discovered that perpendicular true insertion phase
Than laying flat, root tuber root system is more opposite to be grown using Snakegourd Fruit root tuber as the center of circle obliquely downward around in other words to two sides.Root system is more
Specification, more efficient when absorbing nutrient matrix and organic fertilizer nutrition, radices trichosanthis quality obtained when the guarantee later period harvests in this way
Excellent, ingredient is uniform.
Nutrient matrix of the present invention is made of peat soil, pine needle powder, perlite, yellow soil.Peat soil, perlite water conservation
Fertilizer conservation, yellow soil are not influenced substantially by earth's surface arable layer and growing plant, and crop root, germ and worm's ovum are all fewer,
Therefore Medium of Container Seedling material is made using yellow soil, the generation string of pest and disease damage can be made to substantially reduce.Pine needle powder contains rich
Amino acid, the microelement, inorganic elements of richness can increase matrix nutrient, and also contain plant hormone, plant sterilization after addition
Element, etc. bioactive substances, can detoxify desinsection, there is stronger bacteriostasis.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivation matrix of Snakegourd Fruit, is made of Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer and river sand；
Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer the production method is as follows:
(1), it after late autumn, Snakegourd Fruit harvest, after waiting Snakegourd Fruits cane leaves naturally withered and yellow, is collected, removes impurity, it is spare；Snakegourd Fruit rattan
While leaf is naturally withered and yellow, sweet potato cane leaves are also naturally withered and yellow, collected, and impurity is removed, spare；
(2), it selects suitable plot to dig pit, tamps bottom and the surrounding in hole, the diameter in hole is at 2-3 meters, and depth is at 1-2 meters；
(3), the Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves of collection and sweet potato cane leaves are crushed respectively, vinasse mixing are then added, mixed proportion 1:0.7:
0.4, constitute cane leaves mixture；
(4), hole bottom layer overlay 10-15cm straw, be then then covered with the cane leaves mixture of one layer of 20-30cm,
One layer of water is sprayed on the mixture, is then then covered with the river embankment sludge of one layer of 4-6cm；One layer of 3- is then covered on river embankment sludge
The people and animals of 5cm urinate excrement；
The cane leaves mixture of upper one layer of 20-30cm according to the above method again on people and animals' dung excrement, sprays one layer of water on the mixture,
Then it is then covered with the river embankment sludge of one layer of 4-6cm；The people and animals that one layer of 3-5cm is then covered on river embankment sludge urinate excrement；In the people and animals
Cane leaves mixture is spread on urine excrement until hole top；After being sprinkled with one layer of water, covered with plastic film near coal-mine；
(5), it every other month, stirs once, is then sprinkled with one layer of water；After 3 months, Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer completes, wind
Dry or drying, seals spare；
The cultivation matrix of Snakegourd Fruit the production method is as follows:
(1), it will be sterilized after the cleaning of 40-70 mesh river sand, screening, it is spare；
(2), Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer is mixed with river sand, the sandy soil after detoxicating, mixed proportion 2.5:0.7:1.5.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of Snakegourd Fruit, the method is as follows:
One, nursery
(1) selection of land
Select soil layer it is deep, soil property is fertile, irrigation and drainage are convenient, pH value 6.5-7 sandy soil；Snakegourd Fruit root is deep, root can grow to
1.6m or more, because removing plant undesirable root, the straw in field soil a bit before nursery winter the previous year by plot deep ploughing at least 1m
Stalk, soil block, stone and rubbish；It also needs to spread fertilizer over the fields 65 kilograms of lime per acre；
(2) it applies fertilizer
Plot Shi Chufei is given, applies farmyard manure 1900Kg, NPK compound fertilizer 33Kg, calcium superphosphate per acre the January before nursery
26Kg, cake fertilizer 48Kg, and plot soil is stirred, then water；It waters for the first time, so that water at least irrigates soil 8cm, one week
Afterwards, it waters again, so that water at least irrigates soil 15cm；
(3) nursery root is selected
Selection is long to 3-4, and the healthy Snakegourd Fruit plant of no disease and pests harm takes root tuber；The root tuber of the thick 4-7cm of diameter is chosen, after cleaning
It is cut into 4-5cm segment, both ends are spread lime, stored after micro- solarization, as kind of a root；
(4) nursery root is buried
Before kind of root nursery, kind of a root is immersed in root-growing agent, soaking time 5-10sec；10sec is air-dried after immersion
It is embedded in plot；Root-growing agent is by root-growing agent by sodium nitrate 25g, copper sulphate 56g, manganese sulfate 80g, boric acid powder 60g, ethylenediamine tetrem
Acid disodium 52g, ferrous sulfate 28g, indolebutyric acid 0.7g, niacin 0.4g, cryptomeria leaf extract 0.2g, Huashan Folium Pini extract
0.2g, water 1300g mixed dissolution form；
The nursery stock in the soil of plot is embedded to away from 40-50cm, line-spacing 1.2-1.6m；Before embedment, pre-buried point is first dug out into depth
The circular hole of 25-30cm, diameter 20-30cm simply tamp the bottom surface of circular hole and surrounding, put 2-3cm thickness in circular hole bottom
Then 40-70 mesh river sand places into 1 cultivation matrix of embodiment of 4-6cm thickness, places into the nutrient matrix of 12-14cm thickness, then put
The cultivation matrix described in claim 1 for entering 3-5 cm thickness, is then inserted vertically into nursery root in circular hole center, places into 3-
The sandy soil of 4cm thickness, it is simple to tamp, then sprinkle profoundly water；Nutrient matrix is by peat soil, yellow soil, perlite, pine needle powder
It is mixed by the proportions of 1.4:2.8:0.7:0.5.
Wherein, the kind root of embedment is according to the female root tuber of ratio collocation of 7:1 and male root tuber；
(5) overlay film
After watering, one layer of black film, surrounding compacting are covered on plot surface；After two weeks, the black film above circular hole is poked, block is facilitated
Root emergence, then layer of transparent film is covered, film covering requires loose, the growing space of guarantee root tuber seedling；It is long to 8-10cm to seedling
When, hyaline membrane is removed, while several duck eyes are stabbed out on black film；When seedling it is long to 28-35cm when, remove black film, nursery is completed, into
Row draws seedling restocking;
Two, restocking
(1) seedling frame is made
1.5-1.8m concrete column is selected, every a piece concrete column of 4 plants of settings, every row is respectively provided with, and is used between adjacent longitudinal direction concrete column
Bamboo pole builds crossbearer, and is fixed on concrete column with iron wire, and top is connected and fixed with iron wire between adjacent transverse concrete column；
(2) draw seedling
Away from every plant of Snakegourd Fruit 10cm, it is inserted into a bamboo pole in the soil, bamboo pole exposes soil Partial Height and is not less than 1.5m, so that bamboo
It can be fixed at the top of pole on the iron wire between the adjacent concrete column in top；Every plant of Snakegourd Fruit stays that 2-3 root is healthy, disease-free, growing way is strong
Strong vines remove remaining extra branch and axillary bud, Snakegourd Fruit vines are led on bamboo pole, and with rope gently be bundled in bamboo pole
On；
(3) vines management
After restocking, the growth of routine observation Snakegourd Fruit vines, vines branch weaker for growing way and close, excessive growth wooden fork, axillary bud
It needs to remove in time, guarantees that nutrition when Snakegourd Fruit vines are grown is concentrated, so that vines distribution is more uniform, improves translucency and lead to
Wind；
Three, the artificial pollination in florescence
Female root tuber of arranging in pairs or groups among the above and male root tuber, but in order to improve fruiting rate, also artificial pollination need to be carried out in florescence；
Prepare paper and hairbrush, by the scraps of paper close to the underface of Snakegourd Fruit stamen, with hairbrush inclination gently swipe stamen, allow pollen to fall
It falls on paper, together by pollen collecting finally, is placed in vial；Using cotton swab, take the cotton swab of pollen in gynoecium for viscous
Lightly nuzzle up on column cap, pollen is allowed to adhere on column cap, that is, completes pollination；
Four, fertilizing management
After drawing Miao Shangjia, before florescence, is applied per acre in conjunction with watering and rush fertilising 33Kg, 3-5 times；In this course, it also needs to spray
Apply foliar fertilizer 3-4 times, foliar fertilizer selects xanthohumic acid kind organic fertilizer and magnesium, boron, zinc, Tie Dengzhong micronutrient, to guarantee that melon is climing
Growth is extra-nutrition of bearing fruit of blooming in the later period；
As a result rear monthly to apply 45Kg punching fertilising per acre once to before picking, it monthly also needs to spray a foliar fertilizer, foliar fertilizer selection
The Meso- and micro-nutrients such as boron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese improve Fruit speed, reduce lopsided melon；
Five, the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage
The pest and disease damage of Snakegourd Fruit master is mainly anthracnose, blight dis-ease；Pathogenicity test, melonfly, aulacophora femoralis, aphid and clearwing moth；
Anthracnose can be selected 600 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz wettable powder, 1200 times of liquid or 25% bromothalonil wettable powder and spray,
It is 2-3 times total every 7-10 days 1 time；Blight dis-ease early stage 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 38% evil frost
Phonetic 800 times of liquid of copper bacterium ester；
Pathogenicity test selects 800 times of liquid of 15% indoxacarb suspending agent, 3000 times of liquid or 0.36% matrine missible oil；Melonfly, adult are contained
The hair phase is sprayed 1 time, even spray 2~3 times for 3~5 days with 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2800 times of liquid；Melonfly, with 20% moth
5000 times of liquid of 1800 times of liquid of first missible oil or 10% effective cypermethrin；Aphid, with 50% marathon emulsion, 1200 times of liquid, or
50% 1000 times of Folithion emulsion liquid；Clearwing moth can spray 10 %-20% pyrethroid pesticide, 1800 times of liquid.
Planting experiment
Applicant selects 40 mu of ground to carry out planting experiment；For annual receipts fruit；
It is wherein planted according to 2 method of embodiment for 10 mu, for group 1；Wherein 10 mu, the cultivation matrix in embodiment 2 is all changed into
Nutrient matrix, for group 2；It wherein 10 mu, all changes cultivation matrix, the nutrient matrix in embodiment 2 into common sandy soil, is
Group 3；It wherein 10 mu, plants according to a conventional method, for group 4.In planting process, the growing state of Snakegourd Fruit is observed；In harvest fruit
When, indices and yield are counted, as a result as shown in following table one, two.
One Snakegourd Fruit specification of table and yield
Two Snakegourd Fruit fruit effective component of table
After carrying out plantation comparison using the implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and several groups respectively, it can be seen that the present invention exists
Snakegourd Fruit yield, specification are superior to general planting method on composition.
Although the detailed description and description of the specific embodiments of the present invention are given above, it should be noted that
We can carry out various equivalent changes and modification to above embodiment according to the concept of the present invention, and generated function is made
It, should all be within protection scope of the present invention when with the spirit still covered without departing from specification.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultivation matrix of Snakegourd Fruit, which is characterized in that be made of Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer and river sand；
The Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer the production method is as follows:
(1), it after late autumn, Snakegourd Fruit harvest, after waiting Snakegourd Fruits cane leaves naturally withered and yellow, is collected, removes impurity, it is spare；Snakegourd Fruit rattan
While leaf is naturally withered and yellow, sweet potato cane leaves are also naturally withered and yellow, collected, and impurity is removed, spare；
(2), it selects suitable plot to dig pit, tamps bottom and the surrounding in hole, the diameter in hole is at 2-3 meters, and depth is at 1-2 meters；
(3), the Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves of collection and sweet potato cane leaves are crushed respectively, vinasse mixing, mixed proportion 1:0.6- is then added
0.8:0.4-0.5 constitutes cane leaves mixture；
(4), hole bottom layer overlay 10-15cm straw, be then then covered with the cane leaves mixture of one layer of 20-30cm,
One layer of water is sprayed on the mixture, is then then covered with the river embankment sludge of one layer of 4-6cm；One layer of 3- is then covered on river embankment sludge
The people and animals of 5cm urinate excrement；
The cane leaves mixture of upper one layer of 20-30cm according to the above method again on people and animals' dung excrement, sprays one layer of water on the mixture,
Then it is then covered with the river embankment sludge of one layer of 4-6cm；The people and animals that one layer of 3-5cm is then covered on river embankment sludge urinate excrement；In the people and animals
Cane leaves mixture is spread on urine excrement until hole top；After being sprinkled with one layer of water, covered with plastic film near coal-mine；
(5), it every other month, stirs once, is then sprinkled with one layer of water；After 3 months, Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer completes, wind
Dry or drying, seals spare；
The cultivation matrix of the Snakegourd Fruit the production method is as follows:
(1), it will be sterilized after the cleaning of 40-70 mesh river sand, screening, it is spare；
(2), Snakegourd Fruit cane leaves organic fertilizer is mixed with river sand, the sandy soil after detoxicating, mixed proportion 2-3:0.6-0.9:
1.2-1.6。
2. a kind of cultivation matrix of Snakegourd Fruit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that application method is as follows:
Round pool is dug in milpa, the 40-70 mesh river sand of 2-3cm thickness is put in round pool bottom, then places into the cultivation of 4-6cm thickness
Matrix is trained, the nutrient matrix of 12-14cm thickness is placed into, the cultivation matrix of 3-5 cm thickness is placed into, then in round pool center
It is inserted vertically into nursery root, places into the sandy soil of 3-4cm thickness, it is simple to tamp, then sprinkle profoundly water.
3. a kind of implantation methods of Snakegourd Fruit, which is characterized in that method is as follows:
One, nursery
(1) selection of land
Select soil layer it is deep, soil property is fertile, irrigation and drainage are convenient, pH value 6.5-7 sandy soil；Snakegourd Fruit root is deep, root can grow to
1.6m or more, because removing plant undesirable root, the straw in field soil a bit before nursery winter the previous year by plot deep ploughing at least 1m
Stalk, soil block, stone and rubbish；It also needs to spread fertilizer over the fields 40-80 kilograms of lime per acre；
(2) it applies fertilizer
Plot Shi Chufei is given, applies farmyard manure 1600-2000Kg, NPK compound fertilizer 30-40 Kg, mistake per acre the January before nursery
Calcium phosphate 20-30Kg, cake fertilizer 40-50Kg, and plot soil is stirred, then water；It waters for the first time, so that water at least irrigates
Soil 8cm waters again after a week, so that water at least irrigates soil 15cm；
(3) nursery root is selected
Selection is long to 3-4, and the healthy Snakegourd Fruit plant of no disease and pests harm takes root tuber；The root tuber of the thick 4-7cm of diameter is chosen, after cleaning
It is cut into 4-5cm segment, both ends are spread lime, stored after micro- solarization, as kind of a root；
(4) nursery root is buried
Before kind of root nursery, kind of a root is immersed in root-growing agent, soaking time 5-10sec；10sec is air-dried after immersion
It is embedded in plot；Root-growing agent is by sodium nitrate, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate, boric acid powder, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, ferrous sulfate, indoles
Butyric acid, niacin, cryptomeria leaf extract, Huashan Folium Pini extract, water mixed dissolution form；
The nursery stock in the soil of plot is embedded to away from 40-50cm, line-spacing 1.2-1.6m；Before embedment, pre-buried point is first dug out into depth
The circular hole of 25-30cm, diameter 20-30cm simply tamp the bottom surface of circular hole and surrounding, put 2-3cm thickness in circular hole bottom
Then 40-70 mesh river sand places into the cultivation matrix described in claim 1 of 4-6cm thickness, places into the nutrition of 12-14cm thickness
Matrix places into the cultivation matrix described in claim 1 of 3-5 cm thickness, is then inserted vertically into nursery root in circular hole center,
The sandy soil of 3-4cm thickness is placed into, it is simple to tamp, then sprinkle profoundly water；
Wherein, the kind root of embedment is according to the female root tuber of ratio collocation of 5-8:1 and male root tuber；
(5) overlay film
After watering, one layer of black film, surrounding compacting are covered on plot surface；After two weeks, the black film above circular hole is poked, block is facilitated
Root emergence, then layer of transparent film is covered, film covering requires loose, the growing space of guarantee root tuber seedling；It is long to 8-10cm to seedling
When, hyaline membrane is removed, while several duck eyes are stabbed out on black film；When seedling it is long to 28-35cm when, remove black film, nursery is completed, into
Row draws seedling restocking;
Two, restocking
(1) seedling frame is made
1.5-1.8m concrete column is selected, every a piece concrete column of 4 plants of settings, every row is respectively provided with, and is used between adjacent longitudinal direction concrete column
Bamboo pole builds crossbearer, and is fixed on concrete column with iron wire, and top is connected and fixed with iron wire between adjacent transverse concrete column；
(2) draw seedling
Away from every plant of Snakegourd Fruit 10cm, it is inserted into a bamboo pole in the soil, bamboo pole exposes soil Partial Height and is not less than 1.5m, so that bamboo
It can be fixed at the top of pole on the iron wire between the adjacent concrete column in top；Every plant of Snakegourd Fruit stays that 2-3 root is healthy, disease-free, growing way is strong
Strong vines remove remaining extra branch and axillary bud, Snakegourd Fruit vines are led on bamboo pole, and with rope gently be bundled in bamboo pole
On；
(3) vines management
After restocking, the growth of routine observation Snakegourd Fruit vines, vines branch weaker for growing way and close, excessive growth wooden fork, axillary bud
It needs to remove in time, guarantees that nutrition when Snakegourd Fruit vines are grown is concentrated, so that vines distribution is more uniform, improves translucency and lead to
Wind；
Three, the artificial pollination in florescence
Arrange in pairs or groups female root tuber and male root tuber according to the ratio of 5-8:1 among the above, but in order to improve fruiting rate, need to also florescence into
Row artificial pollination；
Prepare paper and hairbrush, by the scraps of paper close to the underface of Snakegourd Fruit stamen, with hairbrush inclination gently swipe stamen, allow pollen to fall
It falls on paper, together by pollen collecting finally, is placed in vial；Using cotton swab, take the cotton swab of pollen in gynoecium for viscous
Lightly nuzzle up on column cap, pollen is allowed to adhere on column cap, that is, completes pollination；
Four, fertilizing management
After drawing Miao Shangjia, before florescence, is applied per acre in conjunction with watering and rush fertilising 28-35Kg, 3-5 times；In this course, it also needs
Spray foliar fertilizer 3-4 times, foliar fertilizer selects xanthohumic acid kind organic fertilizer and magnesium, boron, zinc, Tie Dengzhong micronutrient, to guarantee that melon is climing
Growth, bloom extra-nutrition of bearing fruit for the later period；
As a result before rear extremely picking, 42-50Kg punching fertilising is monthly applied per acre once, monthly also needs to spray a foliar fertilizer, foliar fertilizer
The Meso- and micro-nutrients such as boron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese are selected, Fruit speed is improved, reduce lopsided melon；
Five, the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage
The pest and disease damage of Snakegourd Fruit master is mainly anthracnose, blight dis-ease；Pathogenicity test, melonfly, aulacophora femoralis, aphid and clearwing moth；
Anthracnose can be selected 600 times of liquid of 50% Prochloraz wettable powder, 1200 times of liquid or 25% bromothalonil wettable powder and spray,
It is 2-3 times total every 7-10 days 1 time；Blight dis-ease early stage 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 38% evil frost
Phonetic 800 times of liquid of copper bacterium ester；
Pathogenicity test selects 800 times of liquid of 15% indoxacarb suspending agent, 3000 times of liquid or 0.36% matrine missible oil；Melonfly, adult are contained
The hair phase is sprayed 1 time, even spray 2~3 times for 3~5 days with 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2800 times of liquid；Melonfly, with 20% moth
5000 times of liquid of 1800 times of liquid of first missible oil or 10% effective cypermethrin；Aphid, with 50% marathon emulsion, 1200 times of liquid, or
50% 1000 times of Folithion emulsion liquid；Clearwing moth can spray 10 %-20% pyrethroid pesticide, 1800 times of liquid.
4. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of Snakegourd Fruit according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the root-growing agent is by sodium nitrate
20-40 g, copper sulphate 50-60 g, manganese sulfate 70-90g, boric acid powder 45-60g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 50-60g, sulfuric acid are sub-
Iron 20-40g, indolebutyric acid 0.5-0.8g, niacin 0.3-0.6g, cryptomeria leaf extract 0.1-0.3g, Huashan Folium Pini extract
0.1-0.2g, water 1300-1400g mixed dissolution form.
5. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of Snakegourd Fruit according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the nutrient matrix is by mud
Charcoal soil, yellow soil, perlite, pine needle powder by 1.3-1.8:2.2-2.9:0.6-0.9:0.4-0.8 proportions mixing and
At.
6. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of Snakegourd Fruit according to claim 3, which is characterized in that after stabbing out several duck eyes, lead to weekly
It crosses duck eye and sprays a liquid fertilizer.
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| CN113491218A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-10-12 | 和平县古树森林康养旅游开发有限公司 | Planting method for improving growth of passion fruit seedlings based on root control device |
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