CN109661957A - Big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas to people, and this method is: before big fruit Loquat-Shaped Cake seedling field planting, orchard soil will bury organic fertilizer improvement soil by turning over, and so that soil layer is grown fat thickness, be conducive to soil water-retaining；When field planting, mud moisturizing is dipped in nursery stock root, and nursery stock blade is all cut off, and stays 40-60 centimetres of trunk height.Childhood fruit tree is applied fertilizer 3~5 times every year, and 5 kilograms of decomposed thin liquid dung is applied in strain, adds 20~50 grams of urea.At annual bearer, annual basal dressing 1 time, top dressing 2~3 times.Fertilizer based on phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio according to 3: 4: 3.Using short hat shaping, tree crown is controlled, stays to cut after doing high 40~60 centimeter length and pushes up fixed do.Fruit thinning and bagging, each fruit ear stay fruit 2-3, in time by Cluster bagging after fruit thinning, until fruit maturation.Big fruit loquat is planted using the present invention, fruit can be listed in the first tenday period of a month maturation in late April to May, do sth. in advance 7-10 days than traditional cultivation method；Per mu yield reaches 500-1000 kilograms.

Description

Big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, especially big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas.

Background technique

Big fruit loquat lists in 4-fruits dull seasons in May, very popular, and fruit is in great demand, price is high, warp It helps profitable.Big fruit loquat happiness soil and environment are relatively wet, and some arids is regional since average annual precipitation is relatively low, in addition soil The poor ridge of earth, soil layer water holding capacity is poor, arid natural conditions become the main restriction of the big fruit Loquat growths development in these areas because Element.According to investigations, damage caused by a drought heavier time, big fruit planting loquat survival rate only 60--70%；Into operation period, such as by dry weather It influencing, fruit tree florescence postpones, and fruit maturation is caused to delay 7~15 days, loses the advantage of dull season listing, and some orchards are suffered from drought, Yield decline, economic benefit are lower, and have seriously affected peasant's enthusiasm for production.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is adversely affecting for arid to big fruit Loquat growth bring, providing one kind be can be improved greatly Management method of the fruit loquat in arid area plantation economic benefit.

Steps are as follows for realization of the invention:

1, the suitable field of selection is colonized in due course.

(1) big fruit loquat is suitble to plant in south China, and it is massif red soil soil property that the area of southward draught is most, this kind of It is garden mould meta-acid, thin, easy to harden, arid, so 1 meter of square hollow place must be dug when orchard establishment, carries out expand cave work every year, turn over and bury organic fertilizer Soil is improved, 4~5 gardens Nian Houquan are expanded, and field soil layer is made to grow fat thickness, are conducive to soil water-retaining.Big fruit loquat field selection is on slope Hillside fields of the degree no more than 25 degree is advisable, and this kind of mountainous region was not only ventilated, but also convenient for draining.Level land orchard establishment pays attention to having dug gutter, Prevent ponding.

(2) fruit seedling field planting should be selected at December current year to next year 2 months.When field planting, mud moisturizing, nursery stock leaf are dipped in nursery stock root Piece is all cut off, and only stays 60 centimetres of trunk height, to reduce the evaporation of nursery stock moisture.Loquat root system is aerobic strong, and intolerant to dense Fertilizer avoids water, therefore nursery stock Ying Qianzhi, is advisable so that rootstock is concordant with surface soil.To prevent transplanted seedling tree too deep, should be returned in planting pit The organic fertilizer that bankets is sunk substantially after reality, and it is ideal to replant nursery stock.If the loam sedimentation time is shorter, the root of nursery stock can be made in field planting Neck is higher than 10~20 centimetres of earth's surface, and after loam sinking, seedling rootstock is just concordant with earth's surface.After plant, tree disk should cover rice Grass keeps tree disk humidity, such as weather arid, timely water drenching is answered, with sharp Survival rate of nursery stock.

2, it ploughs deeply and improves the soil, applying organic manure improves soil texture, improves orchard drought-resistant ability.

(1) expanding cave to improve the soil is the premise for establishing high yield Loquat Garden.Orchard, which is all in a planned way carried out, annual 8~October expands cave Improve the soil.40~50 centimetres are ploughed deeply when expanding cave, digs out cubsoil, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, lime, crop straw layering filling.Some System is made between carrying out in arid area, orchard of most loquat childhood, and soya bean, peanut etc. are in the ranks planted in orchard.After crop harvest, crop is used Improving straw mulching tree disk, can be such that the soil organism increases, and the soil is porous, improve orchard drought-resistant ability.

(2) big fruit Loquat Garden treelet is applied fertilizer 4~5 times every year.Head after seedling planting 2~3 years, before each young sprout pumping 10~15 days, 5 kilograms of decomposed thin liquid dung was applied in strain, added 20~50 grams of urea.10~15 centimetres are opened in tree crown drip Annular groove is drenched into rich water, the earthing after rich water infiltration.Loquat bearing-age tree, annual basal dressing 1 time, top dressing 2~3 times, foliar fertilizer 2 ~3 times.For base manure (also referred to as autumn fertilizer) by the end of August to late September, strain applies 10 kilograms~20 kilograms of farmyard manure, muck etc., and calcium and magnesium is added 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, lime is a small amount of, it is allowed gradually to decompose.Spring fertilizer late January to late Febuary apply, fertilizer based on phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, Phosphorus, potassium ratio according to 3: 4: 3, using ditch spread.Summer fertilizer applies for 10~15 days before fruit picking, is conducive to restore tree vigo(u)r, promotes the summer The tip is sprouted, 1 kilogram of general Zhu Shi compound fertilizer.Foliage top dressing is mostly applied in florescence and fruit expanding period, before blooming or full-bloom stage leaf Face imposes 0.2%~0.3% borax, and fruit development period sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1%~3% calcium superphosphate etc..

3, short dry shaping controls tree crown, reduces tree body moisture and nutrient consumption, promotes to stablize fruiting.

(1) big fruit loquat tree body is relatively high, if being allowed to grow, not only tree body consumption moisture and nutrient are excessive, and It is excessively covered inside tree body, Efficient leaf area is few, as a result few.Therefore, it is necessary to manual control tree crown is carried out, adjustment branch distribution, Downgrade tree crown.

(2) shaping.After seedling planting, stay that top is cut after 40~50 centimeter lengths is fixed dry.In the first round major branch that trunk issues, Will 25 centimetres away from ground young sprouts below all erase after give over to trunk.3~4, major branch are stayed in 25~40 centimeters.Every year from In the verticillate branch that trunk issues, 2~4, major branch are selected and remain.Each major branch is equipped with 2~3 secondary main branches.Full tree is equipped with major branch 4~5 Layer, 40~60 centimetres of interlamellar spacing.This tree-like major branch is more, and fruitful branch is more, and yield is higher.

(3) it trims.Bud picking is carried out when loquat takes out 3~5 centimeter length of the tip every time, select and remain that orientation is good, growth is sturdy new 2~3, the tip, erase other extra young tips.Trimming carries out at once generally after fruit picking, mainly cuts off deadwood, sick branch, declines Weak branch, descending branch, short cut or retraction fruit picking branch, remove the branch of excessive growth.Clip will be put down, and removed weak branch and stayed enriching shoot, bounce back perennial Branch, stimulation resting bud are sprouted, and tree crown is re-formed.

4, timely flower thinning, fruit thinning and bagging

(1) not only flower spike is more in central Guilin area cultivation for big fruit loquat, and the flower of every fringe is more, and fruit-setting rate is high.If being allowed to For flowering naturally as a result, result quantities are very big, fruit size is irregular, and commodity is poor.So flower and fruit thinning is to guarantee stable yields year after year With the key measure of fruit neat and consistent.

(2) flower thinning fringe.Flower spike obviously but when progress of not yet blooming.There are 4 fringe persons on one branch, dredges and remove 1~2 fringe； There are 5 fringe persons to dredge and removes 2~3 fringes.Go in outer stay, go morning of staying, go it is weak stay strong, tree crown top is dredged more.It dredges and goes the 40% of flower spike total amount.

(3) flower thinning flower bud.The period of flower thinning flower bud when most of flowers have been opened preferably.The branch at the top of flower spike with base portion is extractd with hand Axis only retains the branch axis of middle and lower part 3~4.

(4) fruit thinning and bagging.Central Guilin area fruit-thinning time is fallen to the greatest extent with residual flower, and young fruit has semen viciae fabae size to be advisable.Big five-pointed star, dragon No. 1 every fringe of kind of spring stays 3 fruits, and early-middle Jurassic stays 4 fruits, and the fruit stayed answers in the same size.Bagging at once after fruit thinning, bagging Preceding 1 day pesticide prevents and treats pest and disease damage.Paper bag with brown paper be made long 254 meters, it is 22 centimetres wide, there are blow vents at bag angle.When bagging One one bag of fringe tightens sack with plastic ties, and leaf not be packed in bag.

Big fruit loquat is planted using the present invention, fruit can be listed in the first tenday period of a month maturation in late April to May, than traditional plantation side Method does sth. in advance 7-10 days；Per mu yield reaches 500-1000 kilograms.

Above-mentioned specific embodiment is only specific case of the invention, on scope of patent protection of the invention includes but is not limited to State specific embodiment, it is any to meet claims of the present invention and any person of an ordinary skill in the technical field does it Appropriate changes or modifications, all shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas, it is characterised in that: when the field planting field planting of fruit seedling, mud guarantor is dipped in nursery stock root Wet, nursery stock blade is all cut off, and stays 40-60 centimetres of trunk height.

2. as described in claim 1, big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas, which is characterized in that big fruit Loquat Garden treelet Annual fertilising 3~5 times, 5 kilograms of decomposed thin liquid dung is applied in strain, adds 20~50 grams of urea.

3. as described in claim 1, big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas, which is characterized in that loquat bearing-age tree, every year Basal dressing 1 time, top dressing 2~3 times.Fertilizer based on phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 3: 4: 3.