CN106718595A

CN106718595A - Big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas

Info

Publication number: CN106718595A
Application number: CN201611233278.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦志禄
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-12-27
Filing date: 2016-12-27
Publication date: 2017-05-31

Abstract

The present invention discloses big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas to people, and this method is：Before the seedling field planting of big fruit Loquat-Shaped Cake, orchard soil will bury organic fertilizer improved soil by turning over, and soil layer is become plump, beneficial to soil water-retaining；During field planting, mud moisturizing is dipped in nursery stock root, and nursery stock blade all cuts off, and stays 40-60 centimetres of trunk height.Fertilising 3~5 times every year of childhood fruit tree, 5 kilograms of the thin liquid dung for becoming thoroughly decomposed, plus 20~50 grams of urea are applied in strain.Into annual bearer, annual basal dressing 1 time topdresses 2~3 times.Based on phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potassium are according to 3: 4: 3 for fertilizer.Using short hat shaping, tree crown is controlled, to stay that cut top after dry 40~60 centimeter length high fixed dry.Fruit thinning and bagging, each fruit ear stay fruit 2-3, in time by Cluster bagging after fruit thinning, to fruit maturation.Using the present invention big fruit loquat of plantation, fruit can do sth. in advance 7-10 days in the ripe listing of the first tenday period of a month in late April to May than traditional cultivation method；Per mu yield reaches 500-1000 kilograms.

Description

Big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas.

Background technology

Big fruit loquat is listed in fruits dull season in 4-May, very popular, and fruit is in great demand, price is high, warp Ji is profitable.Big fruit loquat happiness soil and environment are relatively moistened, and the area of some arids is relatively low due to average annual precipitation, adds soil The poor ridge of earth, soil layer water holding capacity is poor, the natural conditions of arid turn into main restrictions of the big fruit Loquat growths development in these areas because Element.According to investigations, damage caused by a drought heavier time, big fruit planting loquat survival rate only 60--70%；Into operation period, dry weather is such as received Influence, fruit tree florescence is postponed, and causes fruit maturation to be delayed 7~15 days, loses the advantage of dull season listing, and some orchards are suffered from drought, Yield declines, and economic benefit step-down has had a strong impact on peasant's enthusiasm for production.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is directed to the adverse effect that arid is brought to big fruit Loquat growth, there is provided one kind can be improved greatly Fruit loquat plants the management method of economic benefit in arid area.

It is of the invention to realize that step is as follows：

1st, suitable field is selected, in good time field planting.

(1) big fruit loquat is adapted to be planted in south China, and it is massif red soil soil property that the area of southward draught is most, this kind of Garden mould meta-acid, thin, easy hardened, arid, so must dig 1 meter of square hollow place during building well, carry out the work of expansion cave every year, turn over and bury organic fertilizer Improved soil, 4~5 Nian Houquan gardens are expanded, and field soil layer is become plump, beneficial to soil water-retaining.Big fruit loquat field selection is on slope Hillside fields of the degree no more than 25 degree is advisable, and this kind of mountain region was both ventilated, and draining is easy to again.Level land building well, notes having dug gutter, Prevent ponding.

(2) fruit seedling field planting should be selected in 2 months December then to next years.During field planting, mud moisturizing, nursery stock leaf are dipped in nursery stock root Piece all cuts off, and only stays 60 centimetres of trunk height, to reduce nursery stock moisture evaporation.Loquat root system is aerobic strong, and intolerant to dense Fertilizer, avoids water, therefore nursery stock Ying Qianzhi, is advisable so that root neck is concordant with table soil.To prevent transplanted seedling tree too deep, should be returned in planting pit The organic fertilizer that bankets sinks after reality substantially, replants nursery stock ideal.If the loam sedimentation time is shorter, the root of nursery stock can be made in field planting Neck is higher than 10~20 centimetres of earth's surface, and after after loam sinking, seedling root neck is just concordant with earth's surface.After plant, tree disk should cover rice Grass, keeps tree disk humidity, such as weather arid, timely water drenching is answered, with sharp Survival rate of nursery stock.

2nd, plough deeply and improve the soil, applying organic manure improves soil texture, improves orchard drought-resistant ability.

(1) expand cave to improve the soil is the premise for setting up high yield Loquat Garden.Orchard is all in a planned way carried out in annual 8~October and expands cave Improve the soil.40~50 centimetres are ploughed deeply when expanding cave, cubsoil is dug out, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, lime, the layering of crop straw are inserted.At some Arid area, system is made between the orchard implementation of most loquat childhood, and soya bean, peanut etc. are in the ranks planted in orchard.After crop harvesting, crop is used Improving straw mulching tree disk, can increase the soil organism, and the soil is porous, improve orchard drought-resistant ability.

(2) big fruit Loquat Garden treelet fertilising 4~5 times every year.First 2~3 years after seedling planting, before each young sprout pumping 10~15 days, 5 kilograms of the thin liquid dung for becoming thoroughly decomposed, plus 20~50 grams of urea were applied in strain.10~15 centimetres are opened in tree crown drip Annular groove, drenches into rich water, after earthing after rich water infiltration.Loquat bearing-age tree, annual basal dressing 1 time topdresses 2~3 times, foliar fertilizer 2 ~3 times.By the end of August to late September, 10 kilograms~20 kilograms of farm manure, muck etc. is applied in strain to base manure (also referred to as autumn fertilizer), adds calcium and magnesium 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, lime is a small amount of, allows it gradually to decompose.Spring fertilizer is applied in late January to late Febuary, fertilizer based on phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, Phosphorus, the ratio of potassium according to 3: 4: 3, using ditch spread.Summer fertilizer is applied for 10~15 days before fruit picking, is conducive to recovering tree vigo(u)r, promotes the summer The tip is sprouted, 1 kilogram of general Zhu Shi composite fertilizers.Foliage top dressing is more to be applied at florescence and fruit expanding period, before blooming or full-bloom stage leaf Face imposes 0.2%~0.3% borax, and fruit development period sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1%~3% calcium superphosphate etc..

3rd, short dry shaping, controls tree crown, reduces tree body moisture and nutrient consumption, promotes stabilization to bear fruit.

(1) big fruit loquat tree body is all higher, if being allowed to growth, not only tree body consumption moisture and nutrient are excessive, and Excessively covered inside tree body, Efficient leaf area is few, it is as a result few.Therefore, it is necessary to tree crown is manually controlled, adjustment branch distribution, Downgrade tree crown.

(2) shaping.After seedling planting, stay and cut after 40~50 centimeter lengths top fixed dry.In the first round major branch that trunk sends, Trunk is given over to after young sprout below 25 centimetres of ground is all erased.3~4, major branch is stayed in 25~40 centimeters.It is annual from In the verticillate branch that trunk sends, 2~4, major branch of selecting and remain.Each major branch is equipped with 2~3 secondary major branches.Full tree is equipped with major branch 4~5 Layer, 40~60 centimetres of interlamellar spacing.This tree-like major branch is more, and fruitful branch is more, and yield is higher.

(3) prune.To carry out bud picking when loquat takes out 3~5 centimeter length of the tip every time, orientation of selecting and remain is good, it is sturdy new to grow 2~3, the tip, erases other unnecessary young tips.Pruning is typically carried out at once after fruit picking, is mainly cut off deadwood, sick branch, is declined Weak branch, descending branch, cutting back or retraction fruit picking branch, remove the branch of excessive growth.Clip will put down, and remove weak branch and stay enriching shoot, bounce back perennial Branch, stimulates resting bud to sprout, and re-forms tree crown.

4th, timely flower thinning, fruit thinning and bagging

(1) big fruit loquat cultivates that not only flower spike is more in central Guilin area, and the flower per fringe is more, and fruit-setting rate is high.If being allowed to Flowering naturally result, result quantities are very big, and fruit size is uneven, and commodity is poor.So flower and fruit thinning is to ensure stable yields year after year With the key measure of fruit neat and consistent.

(2) flower thinning fringe.Substantially but when not yet blooming carried out in flower spike.There are 4 fringe persons on one branch, dredge and remove 1~2 fringe； There are 5 fringe persons to dredge and remove 2~3 fringes.Go in outer staying, go morning of staying, go it is weak stay strong, tree crown top is dredged more.Dredge and go the 40% of flower spike total amount.

(3) flower thinning flower bud.The period of flower thinning flower bud when most of flowers have been opened preferably.The branch of flower spike top and base portion is extractd with hand Axle, only retains the branch axle of middle and lower part 3~4.

(4) fruit thinning and bagging.Central Guilin area fruit-thinning time is fallen to the greatest extent with residual flower, and young fruit has broad bean size to be advisable.Big five-pointed star, dragon No. a kind of spring stays 3 fruits per fringe, and early-middle Jurassic stays 4 fruits, and the fruit for staying should be in the same size.Bagging, bagging at once after fruit thinning Preceding pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests in 1 day.Paper bag is made long 254 meters, wide 22 centimetres of brown paper, and blow vent is left at bag angle.During bagging One one bag of fringe, sack is tightened with plastic ties, and leaf should not be wrapped into bag.

Using the present invention big fruit loquat of plantation, fruit can be in the ripe listing of the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, than traditional plantation side Method does sth. in advance 7-10 days；Per mu yield reaches 500-1000 kilograms.

Above-mentioned specific embodiment is only specific case of the invention, and scope of patent protection of the invention is included but is not limited to State specific embodiment, it is any to meet claims of the present invention and any person of an ordinary skill in the technical field is done to it Appropriate change or modification, should all fall into scope of patent protection of the invention.

Claims

1. big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas, it is characterised in that：During the field planting field planting of fruit seedling, mud guarantor is dipped in nursery stock root Wet, nursery stock blade all cuts off, and stays 40-60 centimetres of trunk height.

2. as claimed in claim 1, big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas, it is characterised in that big fruit Loquat Garden treelet Annual fertilising 3~5 times, 5 kilograms of the thin liquid dung for becoming thoroughly decomposed, plus 20~50 grams of urea are applied in strain.

3. as claimed in claim 1, big-fruit loquat planting method in arid areas, it is characterised in that loquat bearing-age tree, every year Basal dressing 1 time, topdresses 2~3 times.Based on phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potassium are 3: 4: 3 to fertilizer.