CN109644852B - Cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method, which comprises seed sowing, substrate selection, water management and illumination management. According to the cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method, cyclocarya paliurus seedlings with the seedling height of 3-5 cm, completely unfolded cotyledons and un-unfolded first compound leaves are transplanted into a non-woven fabric cultivation bag with a cultivation substrate as nutrient soil to be cultivated. In the early stage of cultivation, the cultivation substrate is kept moist, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is 40%. In the middle stage of cultivation, the water content of the cultivation substrate is controlled to be 30-60 wt%, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20%. In the later cultivation period, the water content of the cultivation substrate is controlled to be 30-60 wt%, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is controlled to be 40%. The whole cultivation process is implemented in a plastic film greenhouse, and the plastic film is not needed around the greenhouse to keep ventilation.

Description

Cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a plant cultivation method, in particular to a cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.

Background

Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja: (Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinsk, also called Qingqian plum, money tree, belongs to Juglandaceae (Jugladaceae) cyclocarya, not only is a unique single species arbor plant in China and one of national important protection second-level endangered plants, but also is a precious and economic tree species integrating multiple purposes of appreciation, afforestation, medicine, material use and the like.

The existing cyclocarya paliurus resources are mainly natural forests, the quantity of the cyclocarya paliurus resources is very small, seedlings in the natural forests are few, and the natural renewal rate is low. In recent years, along with the development of medicinal value of cyclocarya paliurus, the natural forest of cyclocarya paliurus is seriously felled and damaged. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of cyclocarya paliurus has very important significance for application, popularization, protection and utilization of resources of cyclocarya paliurus.

The artificial cultivation of cyclocarya paliurus mainly depends on seed propagation, seeds are sowed and germinated to obtain seedlings, and cultivation research of 1-year-old seedlings is developed from the aspects of water, fertilizer, light and the like, for example: the 1-year cyclocarya paliurus seedlings can adapt to growth in soil with more than 25% of field water capacity; the fertilization treatment has no obvious influence on the high growth of the seedlings, but can effectively improve the growth of the leaf area; under the condition of LED illumination, the seedling height, the ground diameter growth amount and the biomass of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings growing for 1 year are in an increasing trend along with the increase of light intensity. However, the research on the cultivation of cyclocarya paliurus seedlings has not been reported yet. The cultivation of the seedling is the key for determining the cultivation quality of the cyclocarya paliurus seedling of 1 year and is the basis for the successful artificial cultivation of the cyclocarya paliurus. Therefore, how to obtain high-quality seedlings with consistent seedling robustness and growth is a necessary research.

Bag cultivation is a method for cultivating seedlings growing to a certain specification in a large-sized bag. Under the condition of sufficient water supply and lasting fertility, the bag-cultivated seedlings grow vigorously, the root systems grow completely and the stems are thick and strong. When the bag-planted seedlings are transplanted, the integrity of the root systems of the bag-planted seedlings is good, the transplanting survival rate is improved, and long-distance transportation is facilitated. At present, cyclocarya paliurus seedlings are mainly artificially cultured in a field or a seedbed, and during transplanting, the roots of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings are easy to damage, so that the transplanting survival rate is reduced, and the long-distance transportation is not facilitated. And the method for cultivating cyclocarya paliurus in bags is less developed. The cyclocarya paliurus seedlings with consistent seedling thickness and growth vigor are cultivated by constructing a cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation technology, so that high-quality seedling resources are provided for application and popularization of cyclocarya paliurus resources.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method, and seedlings of cultivated seedlings are strong and have consistent growth vigor.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

The cultivation method of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings in the bag cultivation mode comprises the following steps:

(1) sowing seeds: selecting cyclocarya paliurus seeds collected in the current year, drying in the shade, removing the seeds, sowing the seeds on a sand bed in a greenhouse in 12 months in the current year, and keeping the seedbed wet;

(2) selecting a matrix: filling culture medium into the non-woven fabric bags, wherein the height of the culture medium in each bag is consistent, and making into culture bags; after the seeds germinated in the step (1) germinate, selecting cyclocarya paliurus seedlings with the seedling height of 3-5 cm, fully expanded cotyledons and un-expanded first compound leaves, transplanting the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings into a cultivation bag, and placing the transplanted seedlings in a greenhouse for cultivation; in the early stage of cultivation, keeping a cultivation substrate wet, wherein the cultivation substrate is nutrient soil;

(3) water content management: when the seedlings cultured in the step (2) enter a medium stage of culture, controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-60 wt%, and controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-60 wt% at a later stage of culture;

(4) illumination management: in the early stage of seedling cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40 percent; in the middle stage of seedling cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 20 percent; in the later period of seedling cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40%;

the greenhouse is a plastic film greenhouse, and the periphery of the greenhouse does not need a plastic film and keeps ventilation.

The nutrient soil is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to a weight ratio of 10: 1;

the early stage of seedling cultivation refers to the period from transplanting seedlings obtained by seed germination in the next year in the last 4 th ten days to cultivating the seedlings in the middle 6 th months;

the seedling cultivation middle stage is the period from the early stage of cultivation to the last ten days of seedling cultivation;

the seedling culture later stage is the period from the middle stage of culture to 3-4 months from the seedling culture to the third year;

the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40 percent, namely a sunshade net is erected at a position 1.8 m away from the ground;

the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 20 percent, namely two layers of sunshade nets are erected at a position 1.8 m away from the ground.

In the bag cultivation process of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings, the cultivation substrate is one of key factors determining the success of cultivation of the seedlings. Therefore, the influence of different culture mediums on the bag cultivation of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings is tested through a single-factor completely random test. The results are shown in Table 1.

Through multiple tests and statistical analysis, the influence of different culture mediums on the bag cultivation of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings is shown in table 1. The test result shows that: the growth vigor of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings is different under the cultivation of the 4 kinds of cultivation matrixes, wherein the cultivation effect of the nutrient soil cultivation matrixes on the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings is good. Under the nutrient soil culture medium, the transplanting survival rate of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings reaches 100 percent; the growth effect of the plants in 3 aspects of plant height, leaf area and ground diameter is good, and the main manifestations are that the plants are consistent in growth vigor, thick and strong stems, dark green leaves, thick leaves, large leaf area and developed root systems; the plant height growth amount reaches 0.33 cm per day; the effect of the culture medium is obviously different from that of other culture mediums. In table 1, survival rate = total number of surviving seedlings after 120 d cultivation/total number of seedlings originally cultivated; net plant height increase amount = (total plant height of surviving seedlings-total plant height of seedlings in transplanting)/total number of surviving seedlings after 120 d cultivation; the leaf area growth quantity = the total leaf area of the 4 th leaflet of the surviving seedling/the total number of the surviving seedlings cultured for 120 d, the 4 th leaflet is the 4 th leaflet from the top to the bottom of the 4 th compound leaf, and the 4 th compound leaf is the 4 th compound leaf from the top to the bottom of the seedling plant; the ground diameter = total thickness of the surviving seedling plants at a position 15cm from the substrate/total number of the surviving seedlings after 120 d cultivation; growth rate = net increase in plant height/120 d.

TABLE 1 influence of different cultivation substrates on growth of cyclocarya paliurus seedlings

Note: the analysis method of the difference significance is Duncan new repolarization, and the detection level is P < 0.05. The peat soil and the yellow loam are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.

Table 1 uses the letter notation method to represent multiple comparison results, as specified by the statistical analysis mean multiple comparison notation letter method, with the lower case latin letters a, b, c, d. The average numbers of all treatments are arranged from large to small, the maximum average number is marked with a, and the average number is compared with the following average numbers, and the average numbers are marked with b in sequence with obvious difference. By analogy, identical letters are not marked explicitly. Any number of letters between the two means will not differ significantly, otherwise it will be significant.

On the basis of determining the culture medium, a comparative test is carried out on the water management of the seedlings. In the middle stage of seedling cultivation in the bag cultivation method, the water content of the cultivation substrate is controlled to be 30-60 wt%, and is respectively replaced by 10-20 wt%, 30-40 wt%, 50-60 wt% and 70-80 wt%. The results of the moisture management test are shown in table 2.

The moisture management test results are shown in table 2: controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-60 wt%, and allowing cyclocarya paliurus seedlings to grow, wherein 50-60 wt% is the best; when the water content of the culture medium reaches 50-60 wt%, the survival rate of the seedlings reaches 100%, and is 2.37 times of the water content of the 10-20 wt% culture medium. The water content of the culture medium is too low (10-20 wt%) or too high (70-80 wt%), so that the growth of seedlings is not facilitated; the seedling has short plant, weak stem, small leaf area and undeveloped root system. In table 2, survival rate = total number of surviving seedlings after 100d cultivation for each water content/total number of seedlings originally cultivated; net plant height increase amount = (total plant height of surviving seedlings-total plant height of original seedlings)/total number of surviving seedlings after cultivation for 100d with each water content; the leaf area growth quantity = the total leaf area of the 4 th leaflet of the surviving seedling plant/the total number of surviving seedlings after cultivation for 100d with each water content, the 4 th leaflet is the 4 th leaflet from the top to the bottom of the 4 th compound leaf, and the 4 th compound leaf is the 4 th compound leaf from the top to the bottom of the plant; the ground diameter = total thickness of the surviving seedling plants at a position 15cm from the substrate/total number of the surviving seedlings after cultivation for 100d with each water content; growth rate = net growth per 100 d. The incubation time was 100 days for each water content.

TABLE 2 influence of water content of the cultivation substrate on growth of cyclocarya paliurus seedlings

On the basis of determining a culture medium and water management, a comparative test is carried out on the illumination management of seedling cultivation. Namely, the light transmittance of the greenhouse is 40-20-40% before, during and after the seedling cultivation in the bag cultivation method, 100-. The results of the light management tests are shown in table 3.

The results of the light management tests are shown in table 3: cyclocarya paliurus seedlings can grow in 3 shady environments, and the optimal light transmittance is 40-20-40%; when the light transmittance is 40-20-40%, the survival rate of the seedlings reaches 100%. Under full light, the growth of the seedling plants is slower; the seedling plants are short, the stems are delicate, the leaf areas are small, and the root systems are not developed; the leaves were severely damaged. In table 3, survival rate = total number of surviving seedlings after shading treatment for 100 d/total number of seedlings originally cultivated; net plant height increase amount = (total plant height of surviving seedling plants-total plant height of original seedling plants)/total number of surviving seedlings after shading treatment for 100 d; the leaf area growth quantity = the total leaf area of the 4 th leaflet of the surviving seedling/the total number of the surviving seedlings after shading treatment for 100d, the 4 th leaflet is the 4 th leaflet from the top to the bottom of the 4 th compound leaf, and the 4 th compound leaf is the 4 th compound leaf from the top to the bottom of the plant; ground diameter = total thickness of the surviving seedling plants at a position 15cm from the substrate/total number of the surviving seedlings after shading treatment for 100 d; growth rate = net growth per 100 d. The total time from the shading start to the shading end is 100 d.

TABLE 3 influence of shady treatment on growth of cyclocarya paliurus seedlings

The cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method has the following beneficial effects:

1. the cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method is used, namely cyclocarya paliurus seedlings with the seedling height of 3-5 cm, completely unfolded cotyledons and un-unfolded first compound leaves are selected and transplanted into a non-woven fabric bag containing a cultivation medium as nutrient soil, and the transplanted seedlings are placed in a greenhouse for cultivation. In the early stage of cultivation, the cultivation substrate is kept moist, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is 40%. In the middle stage of cultivation, the water content of the cultivation substrate is controlled to be 30-60 wt%, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20%. In the later cultivation period, the water content of the cultivation substrate is controlled to be 30-60 wt%, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is controlled to be 40%. The whole cultivation process is implemented in a plastic film greenhouse, and no plastic film is arranged around the greenhouse to keep ventilation.

2. The cyclocarya paliurus seedlings cultivated by the method have uniform and consistent growth vigor, vigorous growth and thick stems; dark green leaves, thick leaves and large leaf area; developed root system, strong and strong main root and developed fibrous root.

3. The method for cultivating cyclocarya paliurus seedlings in the bag cultivation mode is successfully constructed, and is high in practicability, good in popularization and convenient to transport in a long distance.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example one

The cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method comprises the following steps:

1. sowing seeds: collecting cyclocarya paliurus seeds collected in the current year, drying in the shade, removing the seed wings, and sowing the seeds on a sand bed in a greenhouse in 12 months in the current year; keeping the seedbed wet. The greenhouse is a plastic film greenhouse, and the periphery of the greenhouse does not need a plastic film and keeps ventilation.

2. Selecting a matrix: filling culture medium into the non-woven fabric bags, wherein the height of the culture medium in each bag is consistent, and making into culture bags; after the seeds germinated in the step (1) germinate, selecting cyclocarya paliurus seedlings with the seedling height of 3-5 cm, fully expanded cotyledons and un-expanded first compound leaves, transplanting the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings into a cultivation bag, and placing the transplanted seedlings in a greenhouse for cultivation; in the early stage of cultivation, the cultivation substrate is kept moist, and the cultivation substrate is nutrient soil (peat soil and perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 10: 1).

3. Water content management: and (3) when the seedlings cultured in the step (2) enter the middle stage of culture, controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 50-60 wt%, and controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-60 wt% at the later stage of culture.

4. Illumination management: in the early stage of seedling cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40 percent, namely a sunshade net is erected at a position 1.8 m away from the ground. In the middle period of cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 20%, namely two layers of sunshade nets are erected at a position 1.8 m away from the ground. In the later period of cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40%, namely a sunshade net is erected at a position 1.8 m away from the ground.

Under the cultivation system, the transplanting survival rate of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings reaches 100%. The plant has good growth effect in 3 aspects of plant height, leaf area and ground diameter, and is mainly characterized by consistent growth vigor, thick stems, dark green leaves, thick leaves, large leaf area and developed root system. The plant height of the seedling can reach 0.33 cm per day.

The early stage of seedling cultivation refers to the period from transplanting seedlings obtained by seed germination in the next year in the last 4 th ten days to cultivating the seedlings in the middle 6 th months;

the seedling cultivation middle stage is the period from the early stage of cultivation to the last ten days of seedling cultivation;

the seedling culture later stage is the period from the middle stage of culture to 3-4 months from the seedling culture to the third year;

example two

The cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method comprises the following steps:

1. sowing seeds: and (5) sowing the seeds according to the first embodiment.

2. Selecting a matrix: selection of substrates according to example one.

3. Water content management: and (3) when the seedlings cultured in the step (2) enter the middle stage of culture, controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-40 wt%, and controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-60 wt% at the later stage of culture.

4. Illumination management: reference is made to the illumination management of embodiment one.

Under the cultivation system, the survival rate of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings reaches 91.11%. The plant has better growth effect in 3 aspects of plant height, leaf area and ground diameter, and mainly shows that the plant has consistent growth vigor, thick stems, fresh and green leaves, thick leaves, large leaf area and developed root system. The plant height of the seedling plant reaches 0.19 cm per day.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A cyclocarya paliurus seedling bag cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) sowing seeds: selecting cyclocarya paliurus seeds collected in the current year, drying in the shade, removing the seeds, and sowing the seeds on a sand bed in a greenhouse in 12 months in the current year;

(2) selecting a matrix: filling culture medium into the non-woven fabric bags, wherein the height of the culture medium in each bag is consistent, and making into culture bags; after the seeds sowed in the step (1) germinate, selecting cyclocarya paliurus seedlings with the seedling height of 3-5 cm, fully expanded cotyledons and un-expanded first compound leaves, transplanting the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings into a cultivation bag, and placing the transplanted seedlings in a greenhouse for cultivation; in the early stage of cultivation, the cultivation substrate is kept wet; the culture medium is nutrient soil;

(3) water content management: when the seedlings cultured in the step (2) enter a medium stage of culture, controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-60 wt%, and controlling the water content of the culture medium to be 30-60 wt% at a later stage of culture;

(4) illumination management: in the early stage of seedling cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40 percent; in the middle period of cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 20%; in the later stage of cultivation, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40%;

the nutrient soil is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the weight ratio of 10: 1;

the early stage of seedling cultivation refers to the period from transplanting seedlings obtained by seed germination in the next year in the last 4 th ten days to cultivating the seedlings in the middle 6 th months;

the seedling cultivation middle stage is the period from the early stage of cultivation to the last ten days of seedling cultivation;

the seedling culture later stage is the period from the later culture middle stage to the 3-4 months of seedling culture in the third year;

the greenhouse is a plastic film greenhouse, and the periphery of the greenhouse does not need a plastic film and keeps ventilation.