CN109452128A - A kind of preparation method of the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue Download PDFInfo
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- CN109452128A CN109452128A CN201811521636.5A CN201811521636A CN109452128A CN 109452128 A CN109452128 A CN 109452128A CN 201811521636 A CN201811521636 A CN 201811521636A CN 109452128 A CN109452128 A CN 109452128A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, method of the invention ferments to Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue strict control, it avoids Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue and generates the reproducibilities noxious materials such as a large amount of aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide, ethyl alcohol, and greatly improve the retentiveness of bacteria residue, instead of a part of turfy soil, it is mixed with perlite, cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate is made, for cultivated cucumber, hence it is evident that improve the indexs such as growing ways index and yield, quality such as the plant height of cucumber plant, petiole are long, petiole is thick.Production cost is effectively reduced, realizes the extensive non-soil culture of cucumber, moreover it is possible to which the recycling for realizing this agricultural wastes of Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue realizes the sustainable development of agricultural.With preferable social benefit, economic benefit, ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, belong to agricultural without soil
Seedling-raising technique field.
Background technique
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) belongs to cucumber subgenus (Subgen.Cucumis), Cucumis
(Cucumis.L), Curcurbitaceae (Cuvurbitaceae).South China type, North China can be divided into according to Distribution and ecology characteristic
Type, European greenhouse type, American-European open country type, processing type and wild type etc..Existing more than 2000 years history of Chinese cucumber production, at me
It is played a very important role in state's vegetables production and consumption, in agricultural sector structure adjustment, realizes in agriculture industrialization also have
There is positive effect.Since continuous cropping obstacle is serious during cucumber cultivation.
Soilless substrate substitutes the soil of green cucumber, compared with conventional soil cultivation, soilless cultivation yield is high, quality is good,
It saves liquid manure, sanitation and hygiene, laborsaving saving of labor, be easily managed, while can be to avoid soil continuous cropping obstacle.It can also give full play to artificial
The advantage of regulation, therefore, soilless substyate culture has been increasingly becoming development trend.
Cucumber soilless culture substrate plays a crucial role in its growth course, currently, cucumber soilless cultivation base
Matter generally uses turf for primary raw material, since turf is on the high side, by territory restriction and is non-renewable resources, leads to matrix
Cost price is higher, and long-term exhaustive exploitation can also cause serious destruction to local Wetland Environment.Therefore exploitation one
It is cucumber soilless cultivation that kind stable in physicochemical property, materials are convenient, raw material are easily obtained, cheap raw material replace turf
Key.
Yutai County has become national Uricularia polytricha production scale maximum county, by the end of the year 2017, whole county planting edible mushroom greenhouse
More than 6800 are developed to, 58,600,000 square metres of cultivated area, bag-cultivated edible fungi produces all kinds of edible mushroom fresh goods per year up to more than 4.25 hundred million bags
Up to more than 46.26 ten thousand tons, the output value is up to 14.48 hundred million yuan, and wherein Uricularia polytricha plants 50,000,000 square metres, produces fresh more than 39.8 ten thousand ton of ear per year,
The output value is up to 11.89 hundred million yuan.With the extension of Uricularia polytricha, the township Yutai of the maximum Uricularia polytricha in Shandong generates 1.5 ten thousand~2.4 every year
Ten thousand tons of dry bacteria residues timely and effective cannot such as utilize, and can not only become the growth source of pest, miscellaneous bacteria, it is edible to seriously affect next season
Bacterium production, and destroy environment.
If the comprehensive utilization of Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is carried out cultivated cucumber, it can be significantly reduced cost, still, Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue
Fermentation must be carried out before to be utilized, and after Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is otherwise made into cultivation matrix, the fermentation that continues of matrix is caused
Cucumber seedling root oxygen content it is too low caused by the inhibiting effect of cucumber seedling root breathing, in addition, Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue ferments
It is improper also to generate the reproducibilities noxious material such as a large amount of aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide, ethyl alcohol, the root of plant is damaged.
Therefore, how rationally ferment Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, so that Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is become a part of soilless substrate, instead of one
Divide turfy soil, reduce cost, and is conducive to cucumber growth, as a result, becoming a current problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of system of cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue
Preparation Method, method of the invention ferment to Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue strict control, avoid Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue and generate a large amount of aldehydes and sulphur
Change the reproducibilities noxious materials such as hydrogen, ethyl alcohol, and greatly improve the retentiveness of bacteria residue, instead of a part of turfy soil, with pearl
Rock mixing, is made cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate, is used for cultivated cucumber, hence it is evident that the plant height, petiole length, petiole for improving cucumber plant are thick
Etc. growing ways index and yield.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, comprises the following steps that
1) Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue ferments
It is crushed after Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick is taken off bag, fermenting agent is added and water is uniformly mixed, obtains mixture, mixture builds heap
Fermentation, control heap height are less than or equal to 1.5m, and heap top is punched every 0.5m, daily stirring and moisturizing, inside fermentation material
When temperature is differed with room temperature less than or equal to 5 DEG C, a material is turned over weekly, differs and is less than or equal to room temperature to the temperature inside fermentation material
At 1 DEG C, a material is monthly turned over, obtains fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue；
2) fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is dried, is mixed with turfy soil according to volume ratio after crushing, obtained based on Uricularia polytricha bacterium
The cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate of slag.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), the fermenting agent is organic matter decomposing inoculant, and fermenting agent adds
Enter the 1-3 ‰ that amount is Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue weight, the smashed partial size of Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick is 0.1cm-0.5cm.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), the additional amount of water makes the water content of mixture reach 45-60%.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), mixture builds heap fermentation, a height of 0.4-1.2m of heap.
The heap that strict control Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue of the present invention builds heap fermentation is high, avoids the production of anaerobic respiration in fermentation process
It is raw, it avoids generating the reproducibilities noxious material such as a large amount of aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide, ethyl alcohol, avoids damaging the root of plant.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), punching diameter is 2-4cm, and the depth in hole is prolonged always from the top of material heap
Heap bottom is extended to, wet straw mat in material heap top cover reduces the moisture evaporation of windrow.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), bottom expects that top material turns over down toward turning over when stirring, keeps stirring uniform.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), the temperature inside fermentation material is from the top of material heap 20- vertically downward
30cm, the temperature of material heap central interior.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), entire fermentation process fermentation time is 35-45 days.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step 1), the Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick is that Shandong Province Yutai County harvests 4-5 batches of hair wood
Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick after ear.
It is preferred according to the present invention, in step 2), in soilless raising seedling substrate, by volume percentage, every cubic metre of base
Matter includes the following: fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue 60-20%；Turfy soil 20-60%；Perlite 20%.
It is preferred according to the present invention, in step 2), using lemon acid for adjusting pH to 5.
Beneficial effect
1, strict control Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue of the present invention builds the heap height of heap fermentation, avoids the production of anaerobic respiration in fermentation process
It is raw, it avoids generating the reproducibilities noxious material such as a large amount of aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide, ethyl alcohol, the root of plant is damaged.
2, method of the invention greatly improves the retentiveness of bacteria residue, can be removed in bacteria residue by simply eluting
The quick-acting nutrient consumptions such as carbohydrate, protein, fat a large amount of in bacteria residue are fallen by fermenting, are changed into cucumber and are easy to by inorganic salts
The benefit materials being absorbed and utilized, the matrix nutrition material abundance that the present invention obtains, retentiveness are strong.
3, the present invention replaces a part of turfy soil by fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacterium, cost is greatly saved, than turf and pearl
Rock mixed-matrix, cost reduce 18~50%.
4, matrix of the invention significantly improves growing ways index and the yield, product such as the plant height of cucumber plant, petiole are long, petiole is thick
The indexs such as matter.Production cost is effectively reduced, realizes the extensive non-soil culture of cucumber, moreover it is possible to realize this agricultural of Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue
The recycling of waste realizes the sustainable development of agricultural.With preferable social benefit, economic benefit, ecological benefits.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, needle mushroom dreg, black fungus bacteria residue, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, commodity matrix, turfy soil
Soak effect picture.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to following embodiment, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention, so that the purpose of the present invention,
Technical solution and beneficial effect become apparent from.
Fermenting agent in embodiment is commercial goods microbial inoculum, purchased from the organic of Shandong love Promised Land Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Material decomposing agent.
Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick is that Shandong Province Yutai County harvests the Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick after 5 batches of Uricularia polytrichas.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, comprises the following steps that
1) Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue ferments
Partial size is crushed to as 0.3cm after Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick is taken off bag, 2 ‰ fermenting agent of Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue weight is added, so
Afterwards plus water water content reaches 50wt%, obtains mixture, and hand pinches mixture extruding, and water energy, which squeezes out but can not form water droplet, to be advisable,
Mixture builds heap, a height of 1.2m of heap, and length and width are punched according to site area adaptation to local conditions, heap top every 0.5m, punches diameter
For 3cm, the depth in hole extends to heap bottom at the top of material heap, and wet straw mat in material heap top cover reduces the moisture of windrow
Evaporation；
Build after heap turn over daily one time material and moisturizing, by bottom material roll up come, top material translate into bottom, turn over it is even, ferment two weeks,
When temperature inside fermentation material is differed with room temperature less than or equal to 4 DEG C, a material is turned over weekly, then ferment two weeks, in fermentation material
When the temperature in portion is differed with room temperature less than or equal to 1 DEG C, a material is monthly turned over, is stored in material heap state, entire fermentation process is 40
It；
2) fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is dried, is uniformly mixed after crushed 1cm sieve with turfy soil, perlite, uses citric acid
PH to 5 is adjusted, the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is obtained.
By volume percentage, every cubic metre of matrix includes the following: fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue 60%；Turfy soil 20%；
Perlite 20%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, with embodiment 1, difference exists
In:
In step 2), by volume percentage, every cubic metre of matrix includes the following: fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue 50%；Grass
Charcoal soil 30%；Perlite 20%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, with embodiment 1, difference exists
In:
In step 2), by volume percentage, every cubic metre of matrix includes the following: fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue 40%；Grass
Charcoal soil 40%；Perlite 20%.
Comparative example 1
A kind of cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate, including turfy soil and perlite, the volume ratio of turfy soil and perlite are as follows: 4:1.
Experimental example 1:
The matrix of the matrix of 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example 1 is used in cucumber seedling-raising, then by a substrate seedling
Cucumber situation compares.
After matrix is placed on nursery slot, when pouring first pass water, it is necessary to flood irrigates seedling medium, pours twice of water, in
Between interval time 15 minutes.Total water consumption reaches 4 times of seedling medium volume, and superfluous water is discharged.Guarantee that cucumber seedling growth is good
It is good, conventional seedbed system is carried out in layer frame and plants cucumber, and cucumber plant morphological index and physical signs are seen below under the conditions of different substrates
Table 1:
1 experiment in cultivation result of table
Note: seedling vigorous index=(stem thickness/plant height+underground part dry mass/overground part dry mass) × complete stool dry mass
Through upper table data it can be shown that on all seedling mediums, cucumber seedling energy normal growth, commodity property is good
It is good, but each proportion situation of matrix of the present invention shows apparent superiority than compareing matrix, matrix of the present invention with compare
Discrete phase ratio, cost-saved 18~50%.
Influence of 2 different fermentations of the experimental example processing to fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue
Fermentation process is carried out to Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue using the method for 1 step 1) of embodiment, stack height is built in change, respectively
0.2m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 0.8m, 1.0m, 1.2m, 1.4m, 1.6m, 1.8m test sulfur content in fermentation bacteria residue, due to these objects
Matter is unstable or volatile in air, and detection is got up relatively difficult, can measure the content of sulphur in matrix and carry out to them
Reaction.Test result is shown in Table 2:
Table 2
From Table 2, it can be seen that the fermentation of Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is built, stack height is higher, and the sulfur content of windrow obviously increases, this is
Caused by producing anaerobic respiration in fermentation process, anaerobic respiration can generate a large amount of aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide, ethyl alcohol etc. also in material heap
Originality noxious material damages the root of plant.So bacteria residue fermentation build stack height cannot be too high, otherwise can generate anaerobic and exhale
It inhales, forms the ingredients toxic to cucumber seedling root such as aldehydes, hydrogen sulfide, therefore, stack height is built in the fermentation of Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue to be surpassed
1.5m is crossed, it can also be seen that lower thermal insulation property is more bad nor the lower heap height the better from table, required for being unable to reach
Fermentation temperature be unfavorable for fermenting, causing fermentation, not exclusively fermentation not exclusively still can generate noxious material, therefore of the invention
Method ferments to Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue strict control, avoids Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue and generates the reduction such as a large amount of aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide, ethyl alcohol
Property noxious material, and greatly improve the retentiveness of bacteria residue.
The retentiveness of 3 different fermentations bacteria residue of experimental example compares
It ferments according to the method for embodiment 1 to bacteria residue, changes the type of bacteria residue, respectively needle mushroom dreg, black wood
Ear bacteria residue, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, obtained fermentation bacteria residue and commodity matrix and turfy soil carry out soaking test respectively, and Wet out time is
0-22.5h compares wetted length, shown in the result is shown in Figure 1 after soaking.
From figure 1 it appears that the fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue retentiveness and commodity fermented with Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue
Seedling medium is similar, be equally fermentation bacteria residue, needle mushroom dreg, black fungus bacteria residue, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue retentiveness difference not
Greatly, needle mushroom dreg, black fungus bacteria residue, apricot Bao but the fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue retentiveness that uses of the present invention is significantly larger than fermented
Mushroom slag, this is because retentiveness is more suitable for by force soilless culture substrate, separately caused by fermentation bacteria residue physicochemical property is entirely different
Outside, fermenting possessed by Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is all soluble-salt, can be effectively removed by elution, not influence the normal life of cucumber
It is long.So Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue can partially replace turfy soil, hence it is evident that the plant height, petiole length, petiole for improving cucumber plant are slightly isometric
The indexs such as gesture index and yield, quality.Production cost is effectively reduced, realizes the extensive non-soil culture of cucumber, moreover it is possible to realize hair
The recycling of this agricultural wastes of agaric bacteria residue realizes the sustainable development of agricultural.With preferable social benefit, economic effect
Benefit, ecological benefits.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue, comprises the following steps that
1) Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue ferments
It is crushed after Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick is taken off bag, fermenting agent is added and water is uniformly mixed, obtain mixture, mixture builds heap hair
Ferment, control heap height are less than or equal to 1.5m, and heap top is punched every 0.5m, daily stirring and moisturizing, to the temperature inside fermentation material
When degree is differed with room temperature less than or equal to 5 DEG C, a material is turned over weekly, differs to the temperature inside fermentation material with room temperature and is less than or equal to 1
DEG C when, monthly turn over one time material, obtain fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue；
2) fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue is dried, mixes, obtains based on Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue according to volume ratio with turfy soil after crushing
Cucumber soilless raising seedling substrate.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), the fermenting agent is organic matter
Expect decomposing agent, the additional amount of fermenting agent is the 1-3 ‰ of Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue weight, and the smashed partial size of Uricularia polytricha bacteria stick is
0.1cm-0.5cm。
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), the additional amount of water makes containing for mixture
Water reaches 45-60%.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), mixture builds heap fermentation, and heap is a height of
0.4-1.2m。
5. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), punching diameter is 2-4cm, the depth in hole
Degree extends to heap bottom at the top of material heap, and wet straw mat in material heap top cover reduces the moisture evaporation of windrow.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), bottom is expected toward turning over when stirring, top
Material turns over down, keeps stirring uniform.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), the temperature inside fermentation material is from material
The top of heap 20-30cm vertically downward, the temperature of material heap central interior.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), entire fermentation process fermentation time is
35-45 days.
9. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2), in soilless raising seedling substrate, by volume hundred
Divide than meter, every cubic metre of matrix includes the following: fermentation Uricularia polytricha bacteria residue 60-20%；Turfy soil 20-60%；Perlite 20%.
10. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2), using lemon acid for adjusting pH to 5.
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| CN110122259A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-16 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Juglans mandshurica container nursery Light media |
| CN110291957A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-01 | 福建省农业科学院科技干部培训中心 | It is a kind of based on Sparassis crispa bacteria residue be raw material cucumber seedling-raising substrate and its application method |
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