CN109154390B - 用于井下化学品注入应用的高温高压密封 - Google Patents

用于井下化学品注入应用的高温高压密封 Download PDF

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CN109154390B
CN109154390B CN201780032367.3A CN201780032367A CN109154390B CN 109154390 B CN109154390 B CN 109154390B CN 201780032367 A CN201780032367 A CN 201780032367A CN 109154390 B CN109154390 B CN 109154390B
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赵磊
徐志跃
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Abstract

一种注入系统，包括流体控制构件和往复构件；其中所述流体控制构件被构造成响应于施加压缩力而与所述往复构件形成碳复合材料‑金属密封；所述碳复合材料包含碳和含有以下一者或多者的粘结剂：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或所述填充金属的合金，并且所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。

Description

用于井下化学品注入应用的高温高压密封
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年5月26日提交的美国申请No.15/164969的权益，该申请通过引用整体并入本文。
背景技术
随着近海运营商进入更深的水域并使用更复杂的井架构开发更成熟的油气田，越来越需要井下注入化学品来应对诸如井眼内的结垢或沥青质沉淀等挑战。通常，化学品经由包括注入止回阀的化学品注入系统注入。由于注入阀通常安装在井内的深处，因此它们经常承受高温高压。注入阀还暴露于具有不同化学和物理特性的各种化学品。这些恶劣的工作条件可能导致具有由聚合物材料制成的密封的注入阀的泄漏或完全失效，因为聚合物材料可能在高温下失去其机械强度、具有低的耐磨性/抗冲击性或对注入流体具有不良的化学稳定性。因此，本领域可接受具有良好耐压性、耐热性和耐化学性的替代性注入阀。
发明内容
一种注入系统包括流量控制构件和往复构件；其中流体控制构件被构造成响应于施加压缩力而与往复构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封。
一种注入化学组合物的方法包括在足以使流量控制构件与往复构件脱离的压力下注入化学组合物，使得化学组合物流过往复构件；减小或消除化学组合物的压力；使流量控制构件与往复构件接合以形成碳复合材料-金属密封。
上述注入阀系统和方法中的碳复合材料包含碳和含有以下一者或多者的粘结剂：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或填充金属的合金，并且所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。
附图说明
以下描述无论如何都不应被视为限制性的。参考附图，相似元件编号相似：
图1描绘了根据示例性实施方案的处于闭合位置的注入系统的局部剖视图；
图2描绘了图1的处于打开位置的注入系统的局部剖视图；
图3描绘了根据示例性实施方案的注入系统的局部剖视图；
图4描绘了根据另一示例性实施方案的处于闭合位置的注入系统的局部剖视图；
图5描绘了图4的处于打开位置的注入系统的局部剖视图；
图6描绘了根据又一示例性实施方案的注入系统的局部侧视图；
图7描绘了根据又一示例性实施方案的注入系统的局部侧视图；
图8是应力循环试验前的碳复合材料样品和增强碳复合材料样品的照片图像；
图9是图8的在应力循环试验后的碳复合材料样品和增强碳复合材料样品的照片图像；以及
图10显示了应力循环试验的条件。
具体实施方式
本公开提供了具有改善的机械强度和耐化学性的注入系统。与含有弹性体材料的注入系统相比，本文公开的注入系统即使在高压高温环境中使用时也可具有延长的寿命。
一种注入系统包括流体控制构件和往复构件；其中流体控制构件被构造成响应于施加压缩力而与往复构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封。任选地，流量控制构件还可以与往复构件形成金属-金属密封。
参考图1，注入系统包括流量控制构件11和往复构件13。流量控制构件11具有碳复合材料部分10和金属部分12。往复构件13可以附接或固定到壳体或管道16。往复构件13也可以是壳体或管道16的一部分。
如图1所示，当将压缩力15施加到流量控制构件11时，流量控制构件11与往复构件13形成碳复合材料-金属密封18。压缩力可以由设置在流量控制构件11附近的偏置构件14产生。偏置构件14可以采用卷簧的形式。压缩力还可包括由井下压力产生的力。该密封防止碳氢化合物从注入系统的A侧流向B侧。注入系统的A侧可以连接到井下环境。注入系统的B侧可以连接到化学品注入管线(未示出)。该系统可以包括附接或固定到壳体或管道16的保持构件19。保持构件19也可以是壳体或管道16的一部分。保持构件19被构造成在按压偏置构件14时将偏置构件14保持在适当位置，同时保持构件19允许流体控制构件在受到力时移动11。保持构件19具有一个或多个开口以允许流体从中通过。
化学组合物可以从注入管线输送，该注入管线通向远程位置，例如表面位置或其他井下位置，并且可以获得用于注入的化学品的供应。出于不同的原因，在不同的时间使用不同的化学品，每种化学品都可以沿化学品注入管线送出。注入系统被构造成当流体控制构件与往复构件脱离时允许诸如流体的化学组合物流过往复构件。
参考图2，一旦进入注入系统内，化学组合物的压力就迫使流体控制构件11远离往复构件13。当化学组合物的压力大于施加在流体控制构件11上的反作用力时，流体控制构件远离往复构件13移动，从而允许化学组合物流过往复构件13并进入注入系统的A侧。
图3至图7描绘了根据本公开的各种示例性实施方案的注入系统的局部剖视图。在图3中，流量控制构件11具有碳复合材料部分10和金属部分12，其中碳复合材料部分具有锥形表面。在流量控制构件中，粘结层(未示出)任选地存在于碳复合材料部分与金属部分之间。
参考图4，流体控制构件32是金属部件，并且往复构件35具有碳复合材料部分30和金属部分33。往复构件35的碳复合材料部分30和金属部分33与流量控制构件32形成密封。该密封包括碳复合材料-金属密封38和金属-金属密封39。
图5显示了图4的处于打开位置的注入系统。如图5所示，在足够的压力下，流体控制构件32远离往复构件35移动，从而允许化学组合物流过往复构件35。
参考图6，流量控制构件41包括碳复合材料部分40和金属部分42。碳复合材料部分40与往复构件43形成碳复合材料-金属密封48。
参考图7，流量控制构件51包括碳复合材料部分50和金属部分52。流量控制构件51的碳复合材料部分50可以与往复构件53形成碳复合材料-金属密封58，并且流量控制构件51的金属部分52可以与往复构件53形成金属-金属密封59。
注入系统可以安装在井下生产油管柱上。可以使用多于一个注入系统。为了解决水垢、蜡、沥青质或其他问题，可以注入具有不同组成和性质的各种化学品。用于流量控制构件和往复构件的材料可以根据所注入的化学品的特性而定制。说明性地，当用于腐蚀性较低的水基化学溶液(包括但不限于膦酸盐、表面活性剂和聚丙烯酰胺)时，CuNi合金、不锈钢、因科镍(Inconel)合金等可用作往复构件、流体流量控制构件或者往复构件或流体控制构件的金属部分的材料。高耐腐蚀金属或金属合金如Ni、Ti、Mo、Ag、Au或其合金，陶瓷如BN、BC、SiC、SiO2等可用作往复构件、流体控制构件或者往复构件或流体控制构件的金属部分的材料。
用于流量控制构件或往复构件的碳复合材料包含碳和无机粘结剂。碳可以是石墨。如本文所用，石墨包括天然石墨、合成石墨、可膨胀石墨或膨胀石墨中的一者或多者。天然石墨是自然界形成的石墨。它可以分为“片状”石墨、“脉状”石墨和“无定形”石墨。合成石墨是由碳材料制成的制品。热解石墨是合成石墨的一种形式。可膨胀石墨是指天然石墨或合成石墨的层之间插入插层材料的石墨。许多化学品已用于插层石墨材料。这些化学品包括酸、氧化剂、卤化物等等。示例性插层材料包括硫酸、硝酸、铬酸、硼酸、SO3或卤化物诸如FeCl3、ZnCl2和SbCl5。在加热时，插层从液态或固态转化为气相。气体的形成产生压力，压力推动邻近的碳层分离，从而产生膨胀石墨。膨胀石墨颗粒的外观是蠕虫状的，并因此通常称为蠕虫。
在一个实施方案中，碳复合材料包含碳微观结构，这些碳微观结构在其之间具有间隙空间；其中粘结剂设置在至少一些间隙空间中。在一个实施方案中，碳微观结构包括其内的未填充的空隙。在另一个实施方案中，碳微观结构之间的间隙空间和碳微观结构之内的空隙都填充有粘结剂或其衍生物。
碳微观结构是将石墨压成高度压缩状态之后形成的石墨显微结构。它们包括沿压缩方向叠堆在一起的石墨基面。如本文所用，碳基面是指基本上平坦、平行的碳原子片或层，其中每个片或层具有单原子厚度。石墨基面也称为碳层。碳微观结构通常是平坦的和薄的。它们可以具有不同的形状，并且也可称为微片、微盘等等。在一个实施方案中，碳微观结构基本上彼此平行。
碳复合材料中有两种类型的空隙-碳微观结构之间的空隙或间隙空间，和每个单独的碳微观结构内的空隙。碳微观结构之间的间隙空间具有约0.1微米至约100微米、具体地讲约1微米至约20微米的大小，而碳微观结构内的空隙小得多，并且通常在约20纳米至约1微米、具体地讲约200纳米至约1微米之间。空隙或间隙空间的形状无特别限制。如本文所用，空隙或间隙空间的大小是指空隙或间隙空间的最大尺寸，并且可通过高分辨率电子或原子力显微技术测定。
碳微观结构之间的间隙空间填充有微米或纳米大小的粘结剂。例如，粘结剂可占据碳微观结构之间约10％至约90％的间隙空间。在一个实施方案中，粘结剂不渗透单个碳微观结构，并且碳微观结构内的空隙是未填充的，即未填充任何粘结剂。因此，碳微观结构内的碳层不通过粘结剂锁定在一起。通过这种机制，可保持碳复合材料具体地讲膨胀碳复合材料的柔性。在另一个实施方案中，为了获得高强度，碳微观结构内的空隙填充有粘结剂或其衍生物。填充碳微观结构内的空隙的方法包括气相沉积。
碳微观结构具有约1微米至约200微米、约1微米至约150微米、约1微米至约100微米、约1微米至约50微米或约10微米至约20微米的厚度。碳微观结构的直径或最大尺寸为约5微米至约500微米或约10微米至约500微米。碳微观结构的纵横比可以为约10至约500、约20至约400或约25至约350。在一个实施方案中，碳微观结构中碳层之间的距离为约0.3纳米至约1微米。碳微观结构可具有约0.5至约3g/cm3或约0.1至约2g/cm3的密度。
在碳复合材料中，碳微观结构通过粘结相保持在一起。粘结相包含粘结剂，该粘结剂通过机械联锁来结合碳微观结构。任选地，界面层在粘结剂与碳微观结构之间形成。界面层可包括化学键、固溶体或它们的组合。当存在化学键、固溶体或它们的组合时，它们可强化碳微观结构的联锁。可以理解的是，碳微观结构可通过机械联锁和化学键合两者保持在一起。例如，化学键合、固溶体或它们的组合可形成在一些碳微观结构与粘结剂之间，或对于特定的碳微观结构而言，仅形成在碳微观结构表面上的一部分碳与粘结剂之间。对于不形成化学键、固溶体或它们的组合的碳微观结构或碳微观结构的部分，碳微观结构可通过机械联锁而结合。粘结相的厚度为约0.1微米至约100微米或约1微米至约20微米。粘结相可形成使碳微观结构结合在一起的连续或不连续网络。
示例性粘结剂包括非金属、金属、合金或包含前述至少一者的组合。非金属是以下一者或多者：SiO2、Si、B或B2O3。金属可以是以下至少一者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。合金包括以下一者或多者：铝合金、铜合金、钛合金、镍合金、钨合金、铬合金、铁合金、锰合金、锆合金、铪合金、钒合金、铌合金、钼合金、锡合金、铋合金、锑合金、铅合金、镉合金或硒合金。在一个实施方案中，粘结剂包含以下一者或多者种：铜、镍、铬、铁、钛、铜合金、镍合金、铬合金、铁合金或钛合金。示例性合金包括钢、基于镍-铬的合金如因科镍合金和基于镍-铜的合金如蒙乃尔(Monel)合金。基于镍-铬的合金可包含约40％-75％的Ni和约10％-35％的Cr。基于镍-铬的合金也可包含约1％至约15％的铁。少量Mo、Nb、Co、Mn、Cu、Al、Ti、Si、C、S、P、B或包含前述至少一者的组合也可包含在基于镍-铬的合金中。基于镍-铜的合金主要由镍(最多约67％)和铜构成。基于镍-铜的合金也可包含少量铁、锰、碳和硅。这些材料可具有不同形的状，诸如颗粒、纤维和线材。可使用材料的组合。粘结剂的组成可根据所注入的化学品的特性而定制。
用于制备碳复合材料的粘结剂可以是微米或纳米大小的。在一个实施方案中，粘结剂的平均粒度为约0.05微米至约250微米、约0.05微米至约50微米、约1微米至约40微米、具体地讲约0.5微米至约5微米、更具体地讲约0.1微米至约3微米。不希望受理论的束缚，据信当粘结剂具有这些范围内的大小时，其在碳微观结构之间均匀分散。
当存在界面层时，粘结相包括：含有粘结剂的粘结剂层，以及将至少两个碳微观结构中的一个结合至粘结剂层的界面层。在一个实施方案中，粘结相包括：粘结剂层、将一个碳微观结构结合至粘结剂层的第一界面层和将另一个微观结构结合至粘结剂层的第二界面层。第一界面层和第二界面层可具有相同或不同的组成。
界面层包含以下一者或多者：C-金属键、C-B键、C-Si键、C-O-Si键、C-O-金属键或金属碳溶液。这些键由碳微观结构表面上的碳和粘结剂形成。
在一个实施方案中，界面层包含粘结剂的碳化物。碳化物包括以下一者或多者：铝的碳化物、钛的碳化物、镍的碳化物、钨的碳化物、铬的碳化物、铁的碳化物、锰的碳化物、锆的碳化物、铪的碳化物、钒的碳化物、铌的碳化物或钼的碳化物。这些碳化物通过对应的金属或金属合金粘结剂与碳微观结构的碳原子反应而形成。粘结相也可包含通过SiO2或Si与碳微观结构的碳反应而形成的SiC，或通过B或B2O3与碳微观结构的碳反应而形成的B4C。当使用粘结剂材料的组合时，界面层可包含这些碳化物的组合。碳化物可以是盐类碳化物诸如碳化铝，共价碳化物诸如SiC和B4C，间隙碳化物诸如第4族、5族和6族过渡金属的碳化物，或中间过渡金属碳化物例如Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和Ni的碳化物。
在另一个实施方案中，界面层包含碳诸如石墨的固溶体和粘结剂。碳在某些金属基质中或在某些温度范围内具有溶解性，这可以促进金属相的润湿并结合至碳微观结构上。通过热处理，可以在低温下保持碳在金属中的高溶解性。这些金属包括以下一者或多者：Co、Fe、La、Mn、Ni或Cu。粘结剂层还可以包含固溶体和碳化物的组合。
基于碳复合材料的总重量，碳复合材料包含约20重量％至约95重量％、约20重量％至约80重量％或约50重量％至约80重量％的碳。基于碳复合材料的总重量，粘结剂的含量为约5重量％至约75重量％或约20重量％至约50重量％。在碳复合材料中，碳相对于粘结剂的重量比为约1∶4至约20∶1、或约1∶4至约4∶1或约1∶1至约4∶1。
碳复合材料可以通过美国公开号2016/0089648中描述的方法制造。
为了进一步改善流量控制构件和往复构件的机械性质，碳复合材料还可包括增强元件。示例性增强元件包括以下一者或多者：金属、碳化物、陶瓷或玻璃。增强元件的形式不受限制，并且可包括粉末、纤维、网、长丝、角钉或垫子。基于碳复合材料的总重量，增强剂的含量可以为约0.01重量％至约20重量％或约1重量％至约10重量％。增强剂可以均匀地分布在流体控制构件或往复构件的碳复合材料部分中。替代性地，增强剂可以具有梯度分布，其中碳复合材料部分的表面具有比内部更大的增强元件浓度，以提供改善的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和硬度。
当流体控制构件或往复构件具有金属部分和碳复合材料部分时，金属部分和碳复合材料部分可通过焊接或钎焊而连接。流体控制构件或往复构件也可以通过模制、烧结、热压、一步模制和烧结工艺制成。
流体控制构件或往复构件的碳复合材料部分可具有改善的机械强度。图8是在应力循环试验之前的碳复合材料样品66和增强碳复合材料样品68的照片图像；而图9是在图10所示的条件下进行应力循环试验后的碳复合材料样品66和增强碳复合材料样品68的照片图像。图8与图9的比较表明，在碳复合材料或增强碳复合材料样品经受最高9000psi的压力至少三个试验循环后没有观察到显著变化。
一种注入化学组合物的方法包括在足以使流量控制构件与往复构件脱离的压力下注入化学组合物，使得化学品流过往复构件；减小或消除化学组合物的压力；使流量控制构件与往复构件接合以形成碳复合材料-金属密封。
本文所公开的所有范围都包括端点，并且这些端点可彼此独立地组合。“或”表示“和/或”。所有参考文献都通过引用并入本文。
下文阐述的是前述公开内容的一些实施方案：
实施方案1.一种注入系统，包括流体控制构件和往复构件；其中流体控制构件被构造成响应于施加压缩力而与往复构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封；碳复合材料包含碳和含有以下一者或多者的粘结剂：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或填充金属的合金，并且所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。
实施方案2.实施方案1的注入系统，其中该系统被构造成当流体控制构件与往复构件脱离时允许流体流过往复构件。
实施方案3.实施方案1或实施方案2的注入系统，其中流体控制构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分，并且碳复合材料部分与往复构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封。
实施方案4.实施方案3的注入系统，其中在流体控制元件的碳复合材料部分与金属部分之间存在粘结层。
实施方案5.实施方案3或实施方案4的注入系统，其中碳复合材料部分具有锥形表面。
实施方案6.实施方案1至5中任一项的注入系统，其中碳复合材料构件和往复构件还形成金属-金属密封。
实施方案7.实施方案6的注入系统，其中流量控制构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分，流量控制构件的碳复合材料部分与往复构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封，并且流量控制构件的金属部分与往复构件形成金属-金属密封。
实施方案8.实施方案6的注入系统，其中流量控制构件是金属部件，并且往复构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分，往复构件的碳复合材料部分和金属部分与流量控制构件形成密封。
实施方案9.实施方案1至8中任一项的注入系统，还包括邻近流量控制构件定位的偏置构件。
实施方案10.实施方案1至9中任一项的注入系统，其中碳复合材料包含至少两个碳微观结构和设置在所述至少两个碳微观结构之间的粘结相。
实施方案11.实施方案10的注入系统，其中粘结相包含粘结剂层和将至少两个碳微观结构中的一个结合至粘结剂层的界面层，其中界面层包含以下一者或多者：C-金属键、C-B键、C-Si键、C-O-Si键、C-O-金属键或金属碳溶液。
实施方案12.实施方案10或实施方案11的注入系统，其中碳包括石墨。
实施方案13.实施方案10至12中任一项的注入系统，其中碳复合材料还包含增强元件。
实施方案14.实施方案13的注入系统，其中增强元件为粉末、纤维、网、长丝、角钉或垫子的形式。
实施方案15.实施方案13或实施方案14的注入系统，其中增强元件包含以下一者或多者：金属、碳化物、陶瓷或玻璃。
实施方案16.一种注入化学组合物的方法，该方法包括在足以使流量控制构件与往复构件脱离的压力下注入化学组合物，使得化学组合物流过往复构件；减小或消除化学组合物的压力；使流量控制构件与往复构件接合以形成碳复合材料-金属密封；碳复合材料包含碳和含有以下一者或多者的粘结剂：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或填充金属的合金，并且所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。
实施方案17.实施方案16的方法，其中使流量控制构件与往复构件接合包括经由设置在流量控制构件附近的偏置构件向流量控制构件施加力。
实施方案18.实施方案16或实施方案17的方法，其中流量控制构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分，并且碳复合材料部分与往复构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封。
实施方案19.实施方案16或实施方案17的方法，其中流量控制构件和往复构件还形成金属-金属密封。
实施方案20.实施方案16或实施方案17的方法，其中流体控制构件是金属部件，并且往复构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分，往复构件的碳复合材料部分和金属部分与流体控制构件形成密封。
在描述本发明的上下文中(尤其在随附权利要求的上下文中)中使用术语“一个/种”和“该/所述”还有类似指称应理解为涵盖单数与复数，除非本文另外指明或明显地与上下文矛盾。结合数量使用的修饰词“约”包括陈述的值并且具有上下文规定的含义(例如，其包括了与特定数量的测量相关联的误差度)。
虽然已经出于说明的目的阐述了典型的实施方案，但是前述描述不应被认为是对本文的范围的限制。因此，在不脱离本文的精神和范围的情况下，本领域的技术人员可想到各种修改、调整和替代。

Claims (16)

1.一种注入系统，其包括：
流量控制构件，所述流量控制构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分；和
往复构件；
其中响应于施加压缩力，所述流量控制构件的碳复合材料部分被构造成与所述往复构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封，和所述流量控制构件的金属部分与所述往复构件形成金属-金属密封；
所述碳复合材料包含至少两个碳微观结构和设置在所述至少两个碳微观结构之间的粘结相，所述碳微观结构的纵横比为10至500和厚度为1微米至200微米，所述粘结相包含粘结剂，所述粘结剂含有以下一者或多者：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或填充金属的合金，和所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。
2.如权利要求1所述的注入系统，其中所述系统被构造成当所述流量控制构件与所述往复构件脱离时允许流体流过所述往复构件。
3.如权利要求1所述的注入系统，其中所述碳复合材料部分具有锥形表面。
4.如权利要求3所述的注入系统，其中所述碳复合材料部分和所述往复构件还形成金属-金属密封。
5.一种注入系统，其包括：
流量控制构件，所述流量控制构件是金属部件，和
往复构件，所述往复构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分，
所述往复构件的所述碳复合材料部分与所述流量控制构件形成碳复合材料-金属密封和所述往复构件的所述金属部分与所述流量控制构件形成金属-金属密封，
所述碳复合材料包含至少两个碳微观结构和设置在所述至少两个碳微观结构之间的粘结相，所述碳微观结构的纵横比为10至500和厚度为1微米至200微米，所述粘结相包含粘结剂，所述粘结剂含有以下一者或多者：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或填充金属的合金，和所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。
6.如权利要求1或5所述的注入系统，还包括邻近所述流量控制构件定位的偏置构件。
7.如权利要求1或5所述的注入系统，所述粘结相包含含有粘结剂的粘结剂层；和将所述至少两个碳微观结构中的一个结合至所述粘结剂层的界面层，所述界面层包含以下一者或多者：C-金属键、C-B键、C-Si键、C-O-Si键、C-O-金属键或金属碳溶液。
8.如权利要求1或5所述的注入系统，其中所述碳微观结构包括石墨碳结构。
9.如权利要求1或5所述的注入系统，其中所述碳复合材料还包括增强元件。
10.如权利要求9所述的注入系统，其中所述增强元件为粉末、纤维、网、长丝、角钉或垫子形式。
11.如权利要求9所述的注入系统，其中所述增强元件包含以下一者或多者：金属、碳化物、陶瓷或玻璃。
12.一种注入化学组合物的方法，所述方法包括：
在足以使流量控制构件与往复构件脱离的压力下注入所述化学组合物，使得所述化学组合物流过所述往复构件，所述流量控制构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分；
减小或消除所述化学组合物的压力；
使所述流量控制构件的所述碳复合材料部分与所述往复构件接合，以形成碳复合材料-金属密封；和
使所述流量控制构件的所述金属部分与所述往复构件接合，以形成金属-金属密封；
所述碳复合材料包含至少两个碳微观结构和设置在所述至少两个碳微观结构之间的粘结相，所述碳微观结构的纵横比为10至500和厚度为1微米至200微米，所述粘结相包含粘结剂，所述粘结剂含有以下一者或多者：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或填充金属的合金，和所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中使所述流量控制构件与所述往复构件接合包括经由设置在所述流量控制构件附近的偏置构件向所述流量控制构件施加力。
14.一种注入化学组合物的方法，所述方法包括：
在足以使流量控制构件与往复构件脱离的压力下注入所述化学组合物，使得所述化学组合物流过所述往复构件，其中所述流量控制构件是金属部件，和所述往复构件包括碳复合材料部分和金属部分；
减小或消除所述化学组合物的压力；
使所述往复构件的所述碳复合材料部分与所述流量控制构件接合，以形成碳复合材料-金属密封；和
使所述往复构件的所述金属部分与所述流量控制构件接合，以形成金属-金属密封；
所述碳复合材料包含至少两个碳微观结构和设置在所述至少两个碳微观结构之间的粘结相，所述碳微观结构的纵横比为10至500和厚度为1微米至200微米，所述粘结相包含粘结剂，所述粘结剂含有以下一者或多者：SiO2、Si、B、B2O3、填充金属或填充金属的合金，和所述填充金属包含以下一者或多者：铝、铜、钛、镍、钨、铬、铁、锰、锆、铪、钒、铌、钼、锡、铋、锑、铅、镉或硒。
15.如权利要求12或14所述的方法，其中所述粘结相的厚度为0.1微米至100微米。
16.如权利要求12或14所述的方法，其中所述粘结相的厚度为1微米至20微米。
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