CN109153605A - 矿棉产品 - Google Patents

矿棉产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109153605A
CN109153605A CN201780029470.2A CN201780029470A CN109153605A CN 109153605 A CN109153605 A CN 109153605A CN 201780029470 A CN201780029470 A CN 201780029470A CN 109153605 A CN109153605 A CN 109153605A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
mineral wool
adhesive
protein
tannin
phenol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780029470.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
T·赫耶姆加德
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwool AS
Rockwell International Ltd
Original Assignee
Rockwell International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwell International Ltd filed Critical Rockwell International Ltd
Publication of CN109153605A publication Critical patent/CN109153605A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B19/041—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/146—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers whereby one or more of the layers is a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/06—Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/1095—Coating to obtain coated fabrics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
    • C03C25/32—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
    • C03C25/32—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C03C25/321—Starch; Starch derivatives
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    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
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    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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    • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09H11/00—Adhesives based on glue or gelatine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法，其中所述两个或多个元件中的至少一个为矿棉元件，所述矿棉元件由矿棉粘结剂粘结，所述方法包括以下步骤：提供两个或多个元件；在将要彼此粘结在一起的所述表面接触之前、期间或之后，将粘合剂施加到要粘结在一起的所述表面中的一个或多个表面；固化所述粘合剂，其中所述粘合剂包括至少一种蛋白、至少一种含酚和/或醌的化合物和/或至少一种酶。

Description

矿棉产品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法并且涉及用所述方法制成的矿棉产品，其中该两个或多个元件中的至少一个为矿棉元件。
背景技术
现成的面板的隔热特征除了别的之外取决于各个面板在施工现场安装和/或粘结在一起的方式。形成所请求的表面所需的小面板数目越大，面板相互接触所在的边缘数目越大。面板之间的接触边缘的数目越大，由于不准确的铺设、各面板的不正确调整以及由于污物接触表面的增加风险而将在隔热表面上形成的热桥的数目越大。
因此，需要一种用于将两个或多个此类矿棉面板或其他矿棉元件的表面粘结在一起的方法。
此外，还需要一种将一个或多个矿棉元件的表面与不是矿棉元件的一个或多个元件粘结在一起的方法。
在过去，可以经济地生产的苯酚甲醛树脂已被用作用于将矿棉元件粘结在一起的粘合剂组合物。
然而，这些粘合剂受如下缺点的影响：它们包含甲醛并且它们因此处理起来可能有害从而在现场处理它们时需要保护措施。
可用作粘合剂的非苯酚甲醛粘结剂是基于糖的粘结剂，例如在EP2990494A1、PCT/EP2015/080758、WO2007/014236、WO2011/138458和WO2009/080938中公开的组合物。
然而，所有这些粘结剂，当用作用于将矿棉元件的表面粘结在一起的粘合剂时，受如下缺点的影响：它们需要高温用于固化，这使得有必要长时间将热施加到要粘结在一起的元件。这不仅需要额外的设备，而且还可能造成火灾危险，例如当将隔离元件粘结在一起以用于现场的屋顶隔热时。此外，这些已知粘合剂的高温固化可引起有害或刺激性烟雾的排放，这可能需要用于处理此物质的保护措施。已用于将矿棉元件彼此胶合在一起或与其他元件诸如玻璃绒或金属薄片胶合的另一种类型的粘合剂是聚氨酯基粘合剂。这可以是单组分或双组分粘合剂。此类粘合剂不一定必须在高温下固化。然而，这些粘合剂在处理时也可能有害，并且不基于天然存在的成分。
其他粘合剂基于PVA、沥青、无机粘结剂PUR和/或聚丙烯酸酯。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法，其中该两个或多个元件的至少一个是矿棉元件，该方法使用不需要高温进行固化的粘合剂，由此在粘合剂的处理、施加和固化期间，最小化了有害物质的暴露，并且不需要防护措施。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法，其中该两个或多个元件的至少一个是矿棉元件，所述元件由矿棉粘结剂粘结，该方法包括以下步骤：
-提供两个或多个元件，
-在将要彼此粘结在一起的表面接触之前、期间或之后，将粘合剂施加到要粘结在一起的表面中的一个或多个表面，
-固化粘合剂，其中粘合剂包括，
-至少一种蛋白，
-至少一种含酚和/或醌的化合物和/或至少一种酶。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种通过所述方法制造的产品。
我们发现，使用这种特定类型的粘合剂(特别是当其具有所述优选特征时)为矿棉元件提供特别耐用的连接。
本发明人惊奇地发现，通过使用所描述的方法，可以将矿棉元件的表面相互粘结在一起，或者将一个或多个矿棉元件与另一个元件粘结在一起。由于一些实施方式中的方法所用的粘合剂通常不包含任何有害物质，并且在固化期间通常不会释放任何有害物质，该方法可由任何人原地使用来实施，不用任何保护性措施且不需要专门培训实施该方法的人员。
具体实施方式
一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法，其中该两个或多个元件中的至少一个是矿棉元件，所述元件由矿棉粘结剂粘结，该方法包括以下步骤：
-提供两个或多个元件，
-在将要彼此粘结在一起的表面接触之前、期间或之后，将粘合剂施加到要粘结在一起的表面中的一个或多个表面，
-固化粘合剂，其中粘合剂包括，
-至少一种蛋白，
-至少一种含酚和/或醌的化合物和/或至少一种酶。
在一个优选的实施方式中，在将要彼此粘结在一起的表面接触之前，将粘合剂施加到要粘结在一起的表面中的一个或多个表面。
根据本发明的方法可用于将两个或多个矿棉元件(例如，隔离面板)粘结在一起，并且可用于将一个或多个矿棉元件与不是矿棉元件的一个或多个元件粘结在一起。
在一个实施方式中，将要粘结在一起的两个或多个元件是两个或多个矿棉元件。在另一个实施方式中，将要粘结在一起的两个或多个元件包括不是矿棉元件的至少一个元件。
令人惊讶地发现，在根据本发明的方法中使用的粘合剂不仅可用于将矿棉元件粘结在一起，而且可用于将一个或多个矿棉元件粘结到不是矿棉元件的元件上。
在一个优选的实施方式中，不是矿棉元件的至少一个元件选自羊毛状物、墙壁、石膏板、金属、塑料、木材、金属、塑料管件和/或管。
矿棉元件
矿棉元件通常包括人造玻璃状纤维(MMVF)，诸如玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、玄武岩纤维、渣棉、矿棉和石棉(岩棉)，它们通过固化的矿棉粘结剂诸如热固性聚合物粘结剂材料粘结在一起。用作隔热或隔音产品的粘结矿物纤维垫通常是以常规方式，例如通过纺杯法或级联转子法，将适当原材料制得的熔体转换为纤维来生产。将纤维吹入成形室，气载的纤维趁热用粘结剂溶液喷涂，并在行进输送机上随机沉积为垫或网。然后将纤维垫转移到固化炉中，其中将加热的空气吹入垫以固化粘结剂并将矿物纤维牢固地粘结在一起。
如果需要，可在固化之前对幅材进行成形过程。粘结的矿物纤维元件可切割成所需的形式，例如以棉絮的形式。因此，矿棉元件例如具有织造和非织造织物、垫、毡、板、片、板、条、卷、颗粒和其他成形制品的形式，其可用作例如隔热或隔音材料、减振、构造材料、外墙隔热、屋顶或地板应用的增强材料、过滤材料、园艺生长培养基和其他应用。
矿棉粘结剂
矿棉粘结剂通常是苯酚甲醛树脂，其可以经济地生产，并且可在用作粘结剂之前用脲扩展。然而，针对降低或消除甲醛排放的现有和拟议立法已引起对无甲醛粘结剂的开发。
一组非苯酚甲醛粘结剂为脂族和/或芳族酸酐与链烷醇胺的加成/消除反应产物，例如，如WO 99/36368、WO 01/05725、WO 01/96460、WO 02/06178、WO 2004/007615和WO2006/061249中所公开的。这些粘结剂组合物是水溶性的，并且在固化速度和固化密度方面显示出优异的粘结特性。WO 2008/023032公开了该类型的脲改性粘结剂，其提供吸湿性降低的矿棉制品。
另一组非苯酚甲醛粘结剂是基于糖的粘结剂，例如在EP2990494A1、PCT/EP2015/080758、WO2007/014236、WO2011/138458和WO2009/080938中公开的。
另一组粘结剂是包含至少一种蛋白质和至少一种酶的粘结剂。
另一组粘结剂是包含至少一种含酚和/或醌的化合物和至少一种蛋白质的粘结剂。
用于本发明方法中的粘合剂
在一个优选的实施方式中，粘合剂包含至少70重量％的蛋白质，基于总粘合剂组分固体含量。
在另一个优选的实施方式中，粘合剂还包含至少一种添加剂。
优选地，粘合剂的固化在5℃至95℃诸如5℃至80℃、诸如10℃至60℃、诸如20℃至40℃的温度下进行。
在一个优选的实施方式中，粘合剂的固化包括干燥过程，特别是通过吹空气或气体越过一个或多个元件或通过升高温度。
用于根据本发明的方法的粘合剂包含作为一种强制性组分的蛋白质。
优选地，粘合剂的蛋白质组分是选自以下蛋白质的一种或多种蛋白质的形式：动物来源的蛋白质，包括胶原、明胶、水解明胶以及来自牛奶(酪蛋白、乳清蛋白)、鸡蛋的蛋白质；植物来源的蛋白质，包括来自豆类、谷类、全谷类、坚果、种子和水果的蛋白质，如来自荞麦、燕麦、裸麦、粟、玉蜀黍(玉米)、水稻、小麦、蒸谷麦、高粱、苋菜、藜麦、大豆(大豆蛋白)、小扁豆、菜豆、白豆、绿豆、鹰嘴豆、豇豆、利马豆、木豆、羽扇豆、翼豆、扁桃仁、巴西坚果、腰果、美洲山核桃、胡桃、棉籽、南瓜籽、大麻籽、芝麻籽和葵花籽的蛋白质；多酚蛋白质诸如贻贝足蛋白质。
胶原是活体组织中非常丰富的材料：胶原是结缔组织中的主要组分并且占哺乳动物中总蛋白质含量的25％至35％。明胶来源于胶原的化学降解。明胶为水溶性的，并且具有30.000g/mol至300.000g/mol的分子量，分子量大小取决于水解等级。明胶是一种广泛使用的食物产品，因此人们普遍认为该化合物是完全无毒的，因此在处理明胶时不需要采取预防措施。
明胶还可进一步水解成小至3000g/mol的较小片段。
在一个优选的实施方式中，蛋白质组分为明胶，其中明胶优选来自哺乳动物、鸟类，诸如来自牛、猪、马、家禽和/或来自鱼鳞、鱼皮的一种或多种来源。
基于蛋白质组分和含酚和/或醌化合物组分的粘合剂
在一个实施方式中，本发明涉及一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法，其中该两个或多个元件的至少一个是矿棉元件，所述矿棉元件由矿棉粘结剂粘结，该方法包括以下步骤：
-提供两个或多个元件，
-在将要彼此粘结在一起的表面接触之前、期间或之后，将粘合剂施加到要粘结在一起的表面中的一个或多个表面，
-固化粘合剂，其中粘合剂包括，
-至少一种蛋白，
-至少一种含酚和/或醌的化合物。
根据本发明的该实施方式的粘合剂包含含酚和/或醌化合物组分，特别是一种或多种酚类化合物和/或一种或多种醌。
酚类化合物或酚类是具有一个或多个直接附接到芳环上的羟基的化合物。多酚(或多羟基酚)是具有一个以上附接到一个或多个芳环的酚羟基的化合物。酚类化合物是植物的特征，并且它们通常作为组群以酯类或糖苷类而不是游离化合物被发现。
术语“酚类”涵盖一组非常庞大且多样的化学化合物。优选地，含酚化合物是根据基于分子中的碳数量的方案的化合物，如W.Vermerris、R.Nicholson在“PhenolicCompound Biochemistry,Springer Netherlands,2008”中所详述。
优选地，含酚化合物为选自以下各项的一种或多种组分的形式：具有C6结构的化合物，诸如简单的酚类，诸如间苯二酚、间苯三酚；诸如具有C6-C1结构的化合物，诸如羟基苯甲酸，诸如对羟基苯甲酸、没食子酸、全草含原儿茶酸、水杨酸、香草酸，诸如羟基苯甲醛，诸如香草醛；诸如具有C6-C2结构的化合物，诸如羟基乙酰苯，诸如2-羟基乙酰苯，诸如羟基苯乙酸，诸如2-羟基苯乙酸；诸如具有C6-C3结构的化合物，诸如肉桂酸，诸如对香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、5-羟基阿魏酸、芥子酸，诸如肉桂酸酯，诸如绿原酸、芥子苹果酸、芥子胆碱，诸如肉桂醛，诸如肉桂醇，诸如香豆素，诸如伞形酮、4-甲基伞形酮，诸如异香豆素，诸如岩白菜素，诸如色酮；诸如具有C15结构的化合物，诸如黄酮类，诸如黄烷酮、异黄酮、异黄烷酮、新型黄酮类，诸如查尔酮，诸如紫铆因，诸如二氢查耳酮，诸如根皮苷，诸如橙酮，诸如黄烷酮类，诸如柚皮素，诸如二氢黄酮醇类，诸如花旗松素，诸如黄烷类，诸如无色花色素，诸如无色花青素、无色翠雀定，诸如黄烷-3-醇，诸如儿茶素、没食子儿茶素，诸如黄酮类，诸如山奈酚、槲皮素、杨梅素，诸如花青素，诸如花葵素、花青色素、芍药色素、飞燕草色素、牵牛花色素、锦葵色素，诸如脱氧花青素，诸如芹菜素、木犀草素、7-甲氧基芹菜素、5-甲氧基-木犀草素，诸如花青素，诸如矮牵牛花色素；诸如具有C30结构的化合物，诸如双黄酮类，诸如银杏黄素；诸如具有C6-C1-C6结构的化合物，诸如苯甲酮，诸如氧杂蒽酮；诸如具有C6-C2-C6结构的化合物，诸如芪类，诸如白藜芦醇、银松素；诸如具有C6/C10/C14结构的化合物，诸如苯醌，诸如萘醌，诸如胡桃醌，诸如蒽醌，诸如大黄素；诸如具有C18结构的化合物，诸如甜菜红素，诸如甜菜素，诸如多酚和/或多羟基酚，诸如木脂素、新木脂素(由偶联单木质醇诸如对香豆醇、松柏醇和芥子醇得到的二聚物或低聚物)，诸如松脂醇、芝麻素、大侧柏酸，诸如木质素(主要由单木质醇前体对香豆醇、松柏醇和芥子醇合成)，诸如单宁，例如缩合单宁(原花色素)，诸如原花青素B2，诸如可水解单宁，诸如没食子单宁，诸如鞣花单宁，诸如复合单宁，诸如acutissimin A，诸如单宁酸，诸如鞣红。
在一个优选的实施方式中，含酚化合物选自简单的酚类、具有比C6结构更复杂的结构的含酚化合物，诸如简单的酚类、多酚和/或多羟基酚的低聚物。
醌是芳族化合物的氧化衍生物，并且通常易于由具有供电子取代基的反应性芳族化合物诸如酚类制成。可用于本发明的醌包括苯醌、萘醌、蒽醌和指甲花醌。
根据本发明的含酚和/或醌化合物也可以是含酚、多酚和/或醌的合成或半合成分子或构建体。此类构建体的示例为用含酚和/或醌的侧链改性的蛋白质、肽、类肽(诸如，N-取代的甘氨酸、N-取代的β-丙氨酸的线性和/或环状低聚物和/或聚合物)或芳基类肽(诸如，N-取代的氨甲基苯甲酰胺的线性和/或环状低聚物和/或聚合物)。用含酚和/或醌的侧链修饰的树形分子是另一个示例。
单宁包含一组在结构上具有广泛多样性的化合物，这些化合物都具有粘结和沉淀蛋白质的能力。单宁在许多不同的植物物种中都很丰富，特别是橡木、栗子、鹿角漆树和边缘杯。单宁可存在于叶子、树皮和果实中。单宁可分为三组：缩合单宁、可水解单宁和复合单宁。缩合单宁或原花青素是由黄烷-3-醇(儿茶素)单元组成的低聚或聚合类黄酮。没食子单宁是可水解单宁，其中多元醇核心被10至12个没食子酸残基取代。没食子单宁中最常见的多元醇是D-葡萄糖，但是一些没食子单宁含有儿茶素和三萜单元作为核心多元醇。鞣花单宁是不同于没食子单宁的可水解单宁，因为它们在相邻的没食子酰基部分之间含有额外的C-C键。复合单宁被定义为其中儿茶素单元与没食子单宁或鞣花单宁单元糖苷化地结合的单宁。
本发明人惊奇地发现，可以使用各种这种含酚和/或醌化合物来交联蛋白质，然后形成粘结剂组合物。通常，这些含酚和/或醌化合物得自植物组织，并且因此为可再生材料。在一些实施方式中，这些化合物也是无毒的和无腐蚀性的。作为另一个优点，这些化合物是抗菌的，因此将其抗菌特性赋予由这种粘结剂粘结的矿棉产品。
在一个优选的实施方式中，含酚和/或醌化合物选自单宁酸、鞣花单宁和没食子单宁中的一种或多种组分，其中单宁源自橡木、栗子、火炬树和大穗杯花中的一者或多者。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，含酚和/或醌化合物组分是单宁和/或单宁酸，并且蛋白质组分是明胶，特别是来自猪皮的明胶，特别是具有中等凝胶强度或低凝胶强度的明胶。
不想受任何特定理论的束缚，本发明人认为含酚和/或醌化合物与蛋白质之间的反应至少部分依赖于酚到醌的氧化，然后是来自蛋白质的胺和/或硫醇基的亲核攻击，这导致含酚和/或醌化合物交联蛋白质。
在一个优选的实施方式中，含酚和/或醌化合物在根据本发明的粘合剂中基于干蛋白质的含量为1重量％至70重量％，诸如2重量％至60重量％、诸如3重量％至50重量％、诸如4重量％至40重量％、诸如5重量％至35重量％。
在另选的优选实施方式中，蛋白质中的(赖氨酸+半胱氨酸)与含酚和/或醌化合物中的(酚+醌)的质量比为1:5.78至1:0.08，诸如1:2.89至1:0.09、诸如1:1.93至1:0.12、诸如1:1.45至1:0.15、诸如1:1.16至1:0.17。
本发明人已发现，粘合剂的固化在碱性条件下被加快。因此，在一个实施方式中，用于矿物纤维的粘合剂包含pH调节剂，优选以碱，诸如有机碱(诸如其胺或盐)、无机碱，诸如金属氢氧化物(诸如KOH或NaOH)，其氨或盐的形式。
在一个特定的优选实施方式中，pH调节剂为碱金属氢氧化物，特别是NaOH。
在一个优选的实施方式中，根据本发明的粘合剂具有7至10，诸如7.5至9.5、诸如8至9的pH。
在一个实施方式中，蛋白质包含多酚蛋白质。
这些蛋白质包括高水平的酪氨酸的翻译后修饰—氧化—形式，L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(左旋多巴，L-DOPA)。还可参见J.J.Wilker Nature Chem.Biol.2011年，第7卷，第579至580页，以了解这些蛋白质。
在一个优选的实施方式中，根据本发明的粘合剂包含添加剂。
添加剂可为诸如一种或多种反应性或非反应性硅氧烷的组分，并且可添加到粘合剂中。优选地，一种或多种反应性或非反应性硅氧烷选自由有机硅氧烷残基，尤其是二苯基硅氧烷残基，烷基硅氧烷残基，优选二甲基硅氧烷残基组成的主链，其具有至少一种羟基、酰基、羧基或酸酐、胺、环氧基或乙烯基官能团，能够与粘合剂的至少一种组分反应并且优选地，以粘合剂的总质量计，以0.1重量％至15重量％，优选0.1重量％至10重量％，更优选0.3重量％至8重量％的量存在。
在一个实施方式中，可将乳化的烃油添加到粘合剂中。
如上所述，许多多酚具有抗菌特性，因此将抗菌特征赋予粘合剂。然而，在一个实施方式中，可将防污剂添加到粘合剂中。
在一个实施方式中，可将抗溶胀剂诸如单宁酸和/或单宁添加到粘合剂中。
在一个实施方式中，根据本发明的粘合剂包含胺接头和/或硫醇/硫醇盐接头形式的添加剂。当经由醌-胺和/或醌-硫醇路径继续粘合剂的交联反应时，这些胺接头和/或硫醇/硫醇盐接头形式的添加剂特别有用。
在一个实施方式中，根据本发明的粘合剂包含添加剂，该添加剂含有金属离子，诸如铁离子。
上面讨论的多酚蛋白质诸如贻贝粘附蛋白依赖于3,4-二羟基苯基部分来增强表面粘附。这与所选类型的阳离子诸如铁离子的分泌相结合来实现。在一个实施方式中，粘合剂可以被说成是模拟多酚蛋白质，因此添加各种阳离子可改善粘合剂特征。当其与含水粘合剂接触时，此类有利离子也可从矿物纤维表面释放。
在一个实施方式中，通过根据本发明的方法粘结的矿棉元件包括岩棉。不受理论的束缚，据信来自玻璃状纤维的某些离子的浸出可增强粘合剂的强度。这种机制可能类似于贻贝粘附蛋白获得表面粘附的机制。这与所选类型的阳离子诸如铁离子的分泌相结合来实现。
在一个实施方式中，根据本发明的粘合剂包含选自PEG型试剂、硅烷和羟基磷灰石的添加剂的形式的另外添加剂。
氧化剂作为添加剂可用于增加多酚的氧化速率。一个示例是酪氨酸酶，将苯酚氧化成羟基酚/醌，因此加速粘合剂形成反应。在另一个实施方式中，氧化剂为提供给粘合剂的氧气。
在一个实施方式中，固化在富氧环境中进行。
基于蛋白质组分和酶组分的粘合剂
在另选的实施方式中，根据本发明的方法中所用的粘合剂基于蛋白质组分和酶组分。
根据该实施方式，本发明涉及一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法，其中该两个或多个元件的至少一个是矿棉元件，所述矿棉元件由矿棉粘结剂粘结，该方法包括以下步骤：
-提供两个或多个元件，
-在将要彼此粘结在一起的表面接触之前、期间或之后，将粘合剂施加到要粘结在一起的表面中的一个或多个表面，
-固化粘合剂，其中粘合剂包括，
-至少一种蛋白，
-和/或至少一种酶。
在一个优选的实施方式中，粘合剂的酶组分选自转谷氨酰胺酶(EC 2.3.2.13)、蛋白质二硫键异构酶(EC 5.3.4.1)、硫醇氧化酶(EC 1.8.3.2)、多酚氧化酶(EC 1.14.18.1)，特别是儿茶酚氧化酶、酪氨酸氧化酶和酚氧化酶、赖氨酰氧化酶(EC 1.4.3.13)和过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)。
酶可为天然来源和重组来源。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，蛋白质组分为明胶，特别是来自猪皮的明胶，特别是具有中等凝胶强度的明胶，并且酶组分为转谷氨酰胺酶(EC 2.3.2.13)。
本发明人已发现，对于一些实施方式，当基于蛋白质组分和酶组分的粘合剂在酸性条件下施加时，根据本发明的方法可最佳地执行。
因此，在一个优选的实施方式中，粘合剂包含pH调节剂，特别是以pH缓冲剂的形式。
在一个优选的实施方式中，未固化状态下的粘合剂具有小于8，诸如小于7、诸如小于6的pH值。
其他添加剂可为诸如一种或多种反应性或非反应性硅氧烷的组分，并且可添加到粘合剂中。优选地，一种或多种反应性或非反应性硅氧烷选自由有机硅氧烷残基，尤其是二苯基硅氧烷残基，烷基硅氧烷残基，优选二甲基硅氧烷残基组成的主链，其具有至少一种羟基、酰基、羧基或酸酐、胺、环氧基或乙烯基官能团，能够与粘合剂的至少一种组分反应并且优选地，以粘合剂的总质量计，以0.1重量％至15重量％，优选0.1重量％至10重量％，更优选0.3重量％至8重量％的量存在。
在一个实施方式中，可将硅烷添加到粘合剂中。
在一个实施方式中，可将乳化的烃油添加到粘合剂中。
在一个实施方式中，可将防污剂添加到粘合剂中。
在一个实施方式中，可将抗溶胀剂诸如单宁酸和/或单宁添加到粘合剂中。
另外的添加剂可为包含钙离子(其稳定转谷氨酰胺酶)和抗氧化剂的添加剂。
在一个实施方式中，根据本发明的粘合剂包含接头形式的添加剂，该接头包含酰基和/或胺基和/或硫醇基。这些接头可增强和/或修饰固化粘合剂的网络。
在一个实施方式中，根据本发明的粘合剂包含选自PEG型试剂、硅烷和羟基磷灰石的添加剂的形式的另外添加剂。
粘合方法
在一个实施方式中，在施加粘合剂之后，在粘结期间使元件经受压力，并且优选地，施加粘合剂和经受压力的总时间不超过120秒，诸如60秒、诸如30秒、诸如20秒。
在一个实施方式中，面板可沿静止的喷嘴移动，或者静止的面板可使用可移动的喷嘴喷涂或使用辊施加。喷涂时间和粘合剂粘结时间为最大120秒。将喷涂有粘合剂的面板压在一起。
在一个实施方式中，粘合剂可施加到将要粘结表面中的仅一个表面，但也可施加到两个表面。
在一个实施方式中，该粘合剂的蛋白质组分可施加到将要粘结的第一表面，并且含酚和/或醌的化合物和/或至少一种酶可施加到将要粘结的第二表面，然后第一表面和第二表面彼此接触。
有利的是实现粘合剂平衡渗透到元件的更深层中；这种连接将比通过另一种方法所制成的连接更耐用。通常粘合剂不会穿透到元件中超过2mm。
在一个实施方式中，固化粘合剂的量为10至1000g/m2的表面，诸如50至500g/m2的表面，诸如100至400g/m2的表面。
在一个实施方式中，通过喷涂、滚压、刷涂、幕式淋涂、海绵或软海绵辊来施加粘合剂。
产品
本发明还涉及通过上述方法制备的产品，诸如其中至少一个元件为矿棉产品的产品。
在一个优选的实施方式中，产品包含为矿棉产品的至少一个元件，其中矿棉产品的密度在10至1200kg/m3，诸如30至800kg/m3、诸如40至600kg/m3、诸如50至250kg/m3、诸如60至200kg/m3的范围内。
在一个优选的实施方式中，根据本发明的矿棉制品为隔热产品，特别是具有10至200kg/m3的密度。
在一个实施方式中，通过上述方法制备的产品为其中矿棉产品包含用上述方法粘结到矿棉元件的羊毛状物的产品。
矿棉产品
在一个实施方式中，可将两个或三个(并且在一些情况下更多个)元件结合在一起以形成隔离面板。元件在其最大表面处粘结在一起。例如，将第一元件的底表面粘结到第二元件的顶表面，将第二元件的底表面粘结到第三元件的顶表面。另选地，在另一个实施方式中，主表面可粘结在一起，而不管是顶表面还是底表面。所提供的隔离面板可用于隔离各种表面，包括屋顶、建筑物的外墙和天花板。它们可用作隔音、隔热或隔火。
在一个实施方式中，平坦屋顶结构用矿棉隔离元件隔离，其中元件以两层平铺在平坦屋顶上，顶层和底层以及来自顶层的元件用粘合剂粘结到底层的元件上。
在一个实施方式中，外壁或内壁用矿棉隔离元件隔离，其中元件以两层放置在外壁或内壁上，面向壁的层和面向外的层以及面向壁的层的元件用粘合剂粘结到面向外的层。以这种方式隔离的外壁可形成ETICS(外部隔热复合系统)的一部分。
颗粒产品
在一个实施方式中，矿棉产品为基于颗粒产品的产品。颗粒产品通常通过生产固化的矿棉幅材并且然后使幅材经受制粒过程以形成颗粒来制备。颗粒通常具有1cm至5cm的尺寸，并且粘结剂含量总计达到通常为1％左右的LOI值。然后将颗粒包装在压缩状态下，然后在建筑场地处打开包装，以用吹气设备将颗粒产品施加到例如墙壁之间的水平阁楼或另一个结构。
在施加颗粒产品之前或期间提供粘合剂，从而使为矿棉元件的颗粒彼此粘附。颗粒和粘合剂提供了颗粒矿棉产品，该颗粒矿棉产品具有改善的特性，诸如易于除尘并且提供不易因自身重量而塌缩的更刚性的结构。
在另选的实施方式中，颗粒和粘合剂提供了颗粒矿棉产品，该颗粒矿棉产品粘附到建筑物结构诸如墙壁或天花板上，使得矿棉产品完全或部分地涂覆建筑结构。
夹心面板产品
在一个实施方式中，矿棉产品为所谓的夹心面板芯。夹心面板芯可通过一般方法制备，在一般方法中，固化的矿棉幅材被纵向切成为薄片的元件，并且由此形成的薄片围绕其纵向轴线转动90°，之后由此取向的薄片使用粘合剂粘结在一起形成幅材状产品，其随后被切割成期望的长度以形成板元件。由于薄片的转动，成品板的纤维主要将在垂直于板表面的平面中取向，并且因此获得了垂直于板表面的具有相当大的刚度和强度的板。
夹心面板芯在面板的主表面上设置有金属薄片以诸如通过使用粘合剂粘合来提供夹心面板产品。
包含羊毛状物的矿棉产品
矿棉产品或元件可用粘合剂施加到一个或两个表面诸如主表面上，然后将羊毛状物与所述表面接触并使粘合剂固化。另选地或除此之外，羊毛状物可在接触之前用粘合剂施加。
除了羊毛状物之外的其他物品可通过根据本发明的方法步骤粘附到矿棉产品或元件上。
此类其他物品可由墙壁、石膏板、金属、塑料制成。
实施例
在以下实施例中，制备落入本发明定义的几种产品，并且与根据现有技术的产品进行比较。
根据现有技术用粘结剂制成的产品
根据现有技术，用两种不同的粘结剂(粘结剂A和粘结剂B，参见下文混合实施例)制备两种密度为约150kg/m3的石棉屋顶板。
测定根据现有技术的粘结剂的以下特性。
试剂
50％次磷酸水溶液和28％氨水溶液由Sigma Aldrich提供。DE值为95至小于100的75.1％葡萄糖浆水溶液(C*甜D 02767ex Cargill)由Cargill提供。硅烷(Momentive VS-142)由迈图(Momentive)公司提供，并且为了简化，以100％计算。所有其他组分由Sigma-Aldrich以高纯度提供，并且为了简化，假定为无水的。
粘结剂固体—定义和过程
固化后粘结剂的含量被称为“粘结剂固体”。
圆盘形石棉样品(直径：5cm；高度1cm)从石棉切割出来，并且在580℃下热处理至少30分钟以除去所有有机物。通过将粘结剂混合物(约2g)的样品分配到锡箔容器中的经热处理的石棉盘上测量粘结剂混合物的固体(参见下文用于混合的实例)。在直接加入粘结剂混合物之前和之后，称取包含石棉盘的锡箔容器的重量。制备在锡箔容器中石棉盘装入的两种此类粘结剂混合物，然后将它们在200℃下加热1小时。在冷却并在室温下储存10分钟后，将样品称重，并且将粘结剂固体计算为两个结果的平均值。然后，通过用需要的水量和10％的硅烷水溶液(Momentive VS-142)来制备具有所需粘结剂固体的粘结剂。
粘结剂实施例，粘结剂A(脲改性的酚醛树脂，PUF甲阶酚醛树脂)
通过在46％氢氧化钾(25.5g)水溶液的存在下，使37％的甲醛(606g)水溶液和苯酚(189g)水溶液以大约1℃/分钟的加热速率在84℃的反应温度下反应来制备酚醛树脂。在84℃下继续反应，直到树脂的酸耐受性为4，并且大部分苯酚被转化。然后加入尿素(241g)并将混合物冷却。
酸耐受性(AT)表示可以用酸稀释给定体积的粘结剂的次数，而不使混合物变成浑浊的(粘结剂沉淀)。硫酸用于确定在粘结剂生产中的停止准则，酸耐受性低于4表示粘结剂反应结束。为了测量AT，用1L离子交换水稀释2.5ml浓硫酸(>99％)来制备滴定剂。然后在室温下用该滴定剂滴定5mL待研究的粘结剂，同时通过手动摇动保持粘结剂；如果优选的话，使用磁力搅拌器和磁力棒。继续滴定，直到在粘结剂中出现轻微的模糊时，当摇动粘结剂时，模糊不消失。
酸耐受性(AT)通过将用于滴定(mL)的酸的量除以样品的量(mL)来计算。
AT＝(使用滴定体积(mL))/(样品体积(mL))
使用获得的脲改性酚醛树脂，通过加入25％的氨(90mL)水溶液和硫酸铵(13.2g)水溶液，随后是水(1.30kg)来制备粘结剂。然后如上所述测量粘结剂固体，并且用所需量的水和硅烷(0.5％粘结剂固体硅烷，Momentive VS-142)稀释混合物。
粘结剂实施例，粘结剂B
将L-抗坏血酸(1.50g，8.52mmol)和75.1％葡萄糖浆水溶液(18.0g；因此有效葡萄糖浆为13.5g)在水(30.5g)中的混合物在室温下搅拌，直到获得澄清溶液。然后加入50％次磷酸水溶液(0.60g；因此有效次磷酸为0.30g，4.55mmol)和尿素(0.75g)。然后逐滴加入28％氨水(0.99g；因此有效量为0.28g，16.3mmol氨)，直到pH＝6.9。然后如上所述测量粘结剂固体(21.5％)，并且用所需量的水和硅烷(0.5％粘结剂固体硅烷，Momentive VS-142)稀释混合物。最终的粘结剂混合物具有pH＝7.0。
根据本发明的粘合剂
测定根据本发明的粘合剂的以下特性。
试剂
来自猪皮(170至195g布卢姆)、单宁酸、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的中等凝胶强度明胶得自Sigma-Aldrich。为简单起见，这些试剂被认为是完全纯净和无水的。
粘合剂组分固体含量—定义
固化前，给定粘合剂溶液中每种组分的含量基于组分的无水质量。可使用以下公式：
粘合剂组分固体含量(％)
＝粘合剂组分A固体(g)+粘合剂组分B固体(g)+……/混合物总重量(g)×100％(％)
粘合剂实施例，粘结剂1
在室温下，将来自猪皮的中等凝胶强度明胶(10.0g)在水(56.7g)中溶胀30分钟。然后将混合物放置在50℃的水浴中，并且搅拌几分钟直至获得澄清溶液(pH 5.1)。然后加入1M NaOH(3.10g)(pH 8.8)并且在将其用于后续实验之前将所得溶液在50℃下进一步搅拌30分钟。该粘合剂混合物具有14.5％的粘合剂组分固体含量。
粘合剂实施例，粘合剂2
在室温下将1M NaOH(12.0g)添加到单宁酸(2.0g)中。将所得混合物搅拌15分钟，之后获得棕绿色溶液。
在室温下，将来自猪皮的中等凝胶强度明胶(10.0g)在水(56.7g)中溶胀30分钟。然后将混合物放置在50℃的水浴中，并且搅拌几分钟直至获得澄清溶液(pH 4.9)。然后添加1M NaOH(3.00g)(pH 8.9)，然后添加单宁酸水溶液。NaOH(7.0g，如上所述制备)。将混合物在50℃下剧烈搅拌30分钟，然后将所得棕色混合物(pH 8.7)用于后续实验。该粘合剂混合物具有14.8％的粘合剂组分固体含量。
根据本发明的实施例
从用粘结剂A和B制备的石棉屋顶板切割8cm×5cm×3cm(长、宽、高)或8cm×5cm×5cm(长、宽、高)的样品。
样品的粘结和测试
对于每个粘结测试，将用粘结剂A制备的一个屋顶板样品和用粘结剂B制备的一个屋顶板样品放置在平坦表面上，其中一个8cm×5cm正面朝上。然后将粘合剂1或2的样品(2.5g，如上文所述制备)转移到两个屋顶板样品中每一个的顶面。使用塑料刮刀将粘合剂混合物均匀地铺展在表面上。粘合剂混合物将渗透到表面下1mm至2mm。然后将两个屋顶板样品中的一个放置在另一个的顶部，使得施加了粘合剂1或2的两个面彼此接触。在连接的屋顶板样品的顶部放置约200g的重量，并且将该附聚物在室温下放置2至3天。然后将粘结的样品切割成两半，使得粘结的样品的一半可经受老化测试。
使用粘合剂1进行两个此类粘结测试，并且使用粘合剂2进行两个此类粘结测试。
将选择用于老化的样品浸入80℃的水浴中，持续3h。
在室温下干燥约一周后，在垂直于新粘结的表面的方向上拉断了所选样品。
用已经受老化处理的粘合剂1制备的样品将在已施加粘合剂1的连接区域中断裂，因为粘合剂在老化处理期间已溶解(参见图1，左)。用已经受老化处理的粘合剂2制备的样品则将在尚未与粘合剂2接触的石棉层中断裂(参见图1，右)。
图1示出了用粘结剂A(顶部部件)和粘结剂B(底部部件)制备的屋顶板的粘结样品，(a)和(b)：使用粘合剂1粘结；(b)经受了老化条件，随后垂直于粘结表面拉扯样品；(c)和(d)：使用粘合剂2粘结；(d)经受了老化条件，随后垂直于粘结表面拉扯样品。

Claims (21)

1.一种将两个或多个元件的表面粘结在一起的方法，其中所述两个或多个元件中的至少一个是矿棉元件，所述一个或多个矿棉元件由矿棉粘结剂粘结，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-提供两个或多个元件，
-在将要彼此粘结在一起的所述表面接触之前、期间或之后，将粘合剂施加到要粘结在一起的所述表面中的一个或多个表面，
-固化所述粘合剂，其中所述粘合剂包括，
-至少一种蛋白，
-至少一种含酚和/或醌的化合物和/或至少一种酶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述两个或多个元件是两个或多个矿棉元件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述两个或多个元件包括不是矿棉元件的至少一个元件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中不是矿棉元件的所述至少一个元件选自羊毛状物诸如玻璃纤维羊毛状物和建筑物结构诸如墙壁、天花板、屋顶。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂还包含至少一种添加剂。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述固化在5℃至95℃诸如5℃至80℃、诸如10℃至60℃、诸如20℃至40℃的温度下进行。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述固化包括干燥过程，特别是通过吹空气或气体越过所述矿棉产品或者通过升高温度。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述至少一种蛋白质选自以下蛋白质：动物来源的蛋白质，包括胶原、明胶、水解明胶以及来自牛奶(酪蛋白、乳清蛋白)、鸡蛋的蛋白质；植物来源的蛋白质，包括来自豆类、谷类、全谷类、坚果、种子和水果的蛋白质，如来自荞麦、燕麦、裸麦、粟、玉蜀黍(玉米)、水稻、小麦、蒸谷麦、高粱、苋菜、藜麦、大豆(大豆蛋白)、小扁豆、菜豆、白豆、绿豆、鹰嘴豆、豇豆、利马豆、木豆、羽扇豆、翼豆、扁桃仁、巴西坚果、腰果、美洲山核桃、胡桃、棉籽、南瓜籽、大麻籽、芝麻籽和葵花籽的蛋白质；多酚蛋白质诸如贻贝足蛋白质。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述胶原或明胶源自哺乳动物、鸟类，诸如来自牛、猪、马、家禽和/或来自鱼鳞、鱼皮的一种或多种来源。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述至少一种含酚和/或醌的化合物包括含酚化合物诸如简单的酚类，诸如羟基苯甲酸，诸如羟基苯甲醛，诸如羟基苯乙酮，诸如羟基苯乙酸，诸如肉桂酸，诸如肉桂酸酯，诸如肉桂醛，诸如肉桂醇，诸如香豆素，诸如异香豆素，诸如色酮，诸如类黄酮，诸如查耳酮，诸如二氢查耳酮，诸如橙酮，诸如黄烷酮，诸如二氢黄酮醇，诸如黄烷，诸如无色花色素，诸如黄烷-3-醇，诸如黄酮，诸如花青素，诸如脱氧花青素，诸如花色素苷，诸如双黄酮，诸如二苯甲酮，诸如氧杂蒽酮，诸如二苯基乙烯，诸如苯醌，诸如这样如二苯甲酮类，例如呫吨酮类，如二苯乙烯类化合物，诸如苯醌，诸如萘醌，诸如蒽醌，诸如β花青苷，诸如多酚和/或多羟基酚，诸如木脂素、新木脂素(由偶联单木质醇诸如对香豆醇、松柏醇和芥子醇得到的二聚物或低聚物)，诸如木质素(主要由单木质醇前体对香豆醇、松柏醇和芥子醇合成)，诸如单宁，诸如缩合单宁(原花青素)，诸如可水解单宁，诸如没食子单宁，诸如鞣花单宁，诸如复合单宁，诸如单宁酸，诸如鞣红和/或含醌化合物，例如苯醌，诸如萘醌，诸如蒽醌，诸如指甲花醌。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述单宁选自单宁酸、缩合单宁(原花青素)、可水解单宁、没食子单宁、鞣花单宁、复合单宁中的一种或多种组分以及/或者源自橡树、栗树、火炬树和大穗杯花中的一种或多种单宁。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述含酚和/或醌化合物包含一种或多种合成或半合成分子，所述一种或多种合成或半合成分子包括酚、多酚、醌，诸如用含酚和/或醌的侧链改性的蛋白质、肽、类肽或芳基类肽，诸如用含酚和/或醌的侧链修饰的树形分子。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述单宁基于干蛋白质的含量为1重量％至70重量％，诸如2重量％至60重量％、诸如3重量％至50重量％、诸如4重量％至40重量％、诸如5重量％至35重量％。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述蛋白质中的(赖氨酸+半胱氨酸)与所述含酚和/或醌化合物中的(酚+醌)的质量比为1:5.78至1:0.08，诸如1:2.89至1:0.09、诸如1:1.93至1:0.12、诸如1:1.45至1:0.15、诸如1:1.16至1:0.17。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂还包含选自以下各项的添加剂：氧化剂，诸如酪氨酸酶；金属离子，诸如铁离子；pH调节剂，优选以碱诸如有机碱(诸如其胺或盐)、无机碱诸如金属氢氧化物(诸如KOH或NaOH)、其氨或盐的形式。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂具有7至10，诸如7.5至9.5、诸如8至9的pH值。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂包含选自含有酰基和/或胺基和/或硫醇基的接头的至少一种添加剂。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述至少一种酶选自转谷氨酰胺酶(EC 2.3.2.13)、蛋白质二硫键异构酶(EC 5.3.4.1)、硫醇氧化酶(EC 1.8.3.2)、多酚氧化酶(EC 1.14.18.1)，特别是儿茶酚氧化酶、酪氨酸氧化酶和酚氧化酶、赖氨酰氧化酶(EC1.4.3.13)和过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)。
19.一种产品，所述产品通过根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法制成。
20.根据权利要求19所述的产品，所述产品为矿棉产品，其中所述矿棉产品的所述密度在10至1200kg/m3，诸如30至800kg/m3、诸如40至600kg/m3、诸如50至250kg/m3、诸如60至200kg/m3的范围内。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的产品，其中所述矿棉产品包含用根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法粘结到矿棉元件的羊毛状物。
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PL3455067T3 (pl) 2023-02-06
US20210137031A1 (en) 2021-05-13
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US20230415467A1 (en) 2023-12-28
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CA3023740A1 (en) 2017-11-16
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US11919283B2 (en) 2024-03-05
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US11865826B2 (en) 2024-01-09
US11590747B2 (en) 2023-02-28
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US20190136427A1 (en) 2019-05-09
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RU2018144079A (ru) 2020-06-15
CN116733120A (zh) 2023-09-12
PL3455425T3 (pl) 2021-12-27
SI3621934T1 (sl) 2023-04-28
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RU2018138634A (ru) 2020-06-15
RU2018144079A3 (zh) 2020-10-06

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