CN109121994A - A kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth - Google Patents
A kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth Download PDFInfo
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- CN109121994A CN109121994A CN201811215146.2A CN201811215146A CN109121994A CN 109121994 A CN109121994 A CN 109121994A CN 201811215146 A CN201811215146 A CN 201811215146A CN 109121994 A CN109121994 A CN 109121994A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth, it is related to plant graft technical field, the present invention includes Root-stock selection, different stocks is selected according to the difference of soil, stock seed collection, stock seed treatment, the selection of nursery lot, sowing, the selection of stock tree, grafting prepares, engrafting method, the engrafting method chosen according to different seasons and condition difference is also different, grafting management, carry out scientific management, outplanting, good preservation reduces economic cost, there is the present invention scientic planting to carry out different planting patterns to red crisp lijin's row graft seedling growth by the difference of season soil, solve the problems, such as that red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth is harsh at grafting duplication grafting condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant graft technical fields, more particularly to a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth.
Background technique
Plum is rosaceae cherry, alias Jiaqing, cloth continuous heavy rain, Gentiana triflora, Jade Emperor Lee, mountain plum etc..Its fruit 7-
Mature between August, full mellow and full, exquisitely carved, form is pretty and dazzling, and it is one of favorite fruit of people, all over the world that taste is sweet
Cultivation extensively.The red crisp Japanese plum gesture golden mean of the Confucian school, tree crown natural open centre shape.Fruit circular or nearly spheroidal, smaller, the average fruit of fruit
15~25 grams are weighed, 40 grams of maximum single fruit weight.Pericarp aubergine, pulp yellow or even band sheet are red.Just, seam ditch is shallow for suture,
Fruit dot yellow, it is closeer, it is uniform in size.Fruit powder is thick, and canescence, meat is crisp, sweet, is the crisp red Lee's technology association in Leshan sichuan Shizhong District
The Japanese plum kind that meeting, Leshan rural science and technology development centre are cultivated.
After crisp Lee grafting (peach anvil) field planting red simultaneously there is second year can test-manufacture, the strain of third year is produced up to 10 kilograms, rich
Produce stable yields.Natural seed setting rate is strong.5 years bearing trees of more than 3000 strain of field test be averaged strain produce 15 kilograms or so, per mu yield in 6 years reaches
2500 kilograms, the strong feature of resistance, the survival rate of most of grafting seedlings-growing method is lower at present.
Therefore, we provide a kind of methods of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: in order to solve the problems, such as that red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth is harsh at grafting duplication grafting condition,
The present invention provides a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth.
The present invention specifically uses following technical scheme to achieve the goals above:
A kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) Root-stock selection: the selection according to different weather and edaphic condition to stock；
(2) stock seed collection: long using fruit development period, abundant mature, strong, no disease and pests harm the fruit tree of growth fruit
It is implemented as seed, when complete 90% or more fruit of tree, which has turned yellow, to be lost green, natural cracking, expose fruit stone, is all acquired, fruit
Seed nucleus is manually stripped out immediately after real harvesting；
Stock seed treatment: using Stratificated treatment or before sowing, quick pregermination is handled, Stratificated treatment tool in the step (3)
Body operating procedure are as follows:
A) dig pit: the hole deep, width 80cm is dug in the shade, ponding of divulging information, be not easy the place of selection；
B) seed impregnates: seed nucleus clear water first being impregnated 2h-3h before lamination, it is primary to change water when being dipped to 1-1.5h；
C) seed and husky mixing: 1 part of cleaning river sand is taken according to weight ratio, 3-5 parts of seed is stirred mixing, test
Humidity is 60%-70%；
D) setting condition in cheating: pit first spreads the wet sand of one layer of 3cm~5cm thickness, erects among wet sand and sets a Sokcho；
E) it inserts seed: being then filled with the seed mixed, filled and led up hole with wet sand when from earth's surface 10cm~15cm, finally
First hole is trained into mound with dry ground with after wet soil；Quick pregermination handles concrete operation step before the sowing are as follows:
A) impregnate seed nucleus: 20h or so before sowing pours into the seed nucleus by selecting in 80 DEG C~100 DEG C of hot water,
It pulls out to be put into cold water after 20min and impregnates 2 round the clock；
B) it stirs: pulling out and be bound together afterwards with the thin river sand of 2 times~3 times grain weights or wet saw end；
C) it vernalization: divides and carries out vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, thickness checks germination feelings after 5 ㎝ or so, about 15h
Condition is done and is suitably stirred；
(3) selection of nursery lot: selection topography is flat, soil is deep, fertile, permeability is good, illumination is sufficient, has irrigation and drainage item
Part, the soil that pH is 6.5~8 and sandy loam make nursery lot；
(4) it sows: stock is seeded into nursery lot；
(5) the following steps rootstock seedling management: are specifically divided into:
A) thinning and final singling: seedling carries out thinning when growing 3~4 true leaves, removes double seedlings, overstocked seedling, weak seedling
And sick seedling, whens seedling 5~8 true leaves, carry out final singling, spacing in the rows is 12cm~15cm, stays 10000 plants~15000 plants of seedling per acre；
B) fertilizing management: in entire growth course, applying fertilizer 2 times~3 times, carries out after topdressing final singling the 1st time, applies urine per acre
Plain 5kg~20kg, carries out for the 2nd time at later stages, applies compound fertilizer 15kg~20kg per acre；
C) it loosens the soil: carrying out intertillage after coming up and loosen the soil, intertillage depth is gradually deepened with increasing for seedling；
D) hamper pests control: carrying out disinfection after coming up to soil, select 200 times of ferrous sulfate solutions or 300 times~
The Zineb wettable powder pouring root of the 65% of 500 times, is shallowly uprooted after application；
E) pinching and bud picking: pinching optimum period is that nursery stock speed long later period or terminal bud stop before growing, and height of seedling 30cm~40cm connects in bud
Preceding 30h carries out pinching, the bud within the basic 5cm~10cm of seedling stem of erasing early after rudiment, and sublateral shoot more than grafting portion is all protected
It stays；
(7) selection of stock tree: selection the age of tree 5 years above, the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, kind are pure, robust growth, get bumper crops it is high-quality,
Genetic stability, virus-free class and quarantine pest and disease damage, fruit a larger, fruit shape rectify, pale yellow, fleshy hypertrophy crisp and refreshing, juice
More in liquid, moderately sour and sweet, the kind tree body that adaptable, yielding ability is good；
(8) grafting prepares: scion requirement selection growth is enriched, luxuriant is full, no disease and pests harm annual lignifying branch,
Selection robust growth, upright, fibrous root is flourishing, the stock of high 40 ㎝ or more, 0.5 ㎝ or more of rootstock diameter；
(9) engrafting method: there is bud to connect i.e. T-shaped bud and connect and connect and scion grafting engrafting method, the grafting with xylem bud
Method according to grafting time difference and stock from skin whether select different grafting methods, specific grafting method is as follows:
A) summer: the T-shaped bud connects, it is desirable that budders and three-bristle cudrania wood is all from skin, scion uses current-year branch, in bud
Horizontal partial application at the 0.5cm of top, as deep as xylem, then upward push broach at lower section 1cm~1.5cm of bud again, cuts from shallow to deep
To transverse incision, depth touches bud with thumb up at the one third of xylem, removes peltate bud tablets, bud tablets long 1.5cm, wide
0.5cm, in stock base portion, away from the crosscutting knife in smooth position is selected at the 5cm~10cm of ground, depth is cutting cortex, in transverse incision
Centre vertically cuts an osculum with point of a knife, and gently pries open cortex with knife, and stock notch is inserted into bud tablets lower end, takes advantage of a situation and is pushed downwardly into
Subcutaneously, until bud tablets top and stock transverse incision align, finally interface Bao Yan is tightened with thin plastic item, make bud eye and
Petiole is exposed；
B) spring: the bud connects, and band xylem bud connects, time in early spring stock and scion not from skin when, can be with wooden
Portion's bud connects, and takes scion with a hand when grafting, and bud point downward, first at top 3mm~5mm of bud, oliquely downward cuts a knife,
Edge of a knife depth reach 1mm~2mm, length to be more than sprout 1cm, then lower section 0.5cm~1cm of bud at and branch be in 45° angle by
It is upper and under splay a knife, so that two edges of a knife is met, remove the bud tablets with xylem, in the stock back away from splaying one at the 10cm of ground
Knife, bevel and the long bevel of bud tablets are isometric, then the oliquely downward partial application at edge of a knife half, and method is identical as scion is cut, and cuts
Mouth size and shape is consistent with bud tablets, is then put into stock notch buddering, at least makes the forming layer of stock and bud tablets side
Docking is finally tightened with plastic foil, is tied up sternly；
C) summer: the scion grafting will be cut at stock from the ground 5cm~10cm, be rived a kerf from Section Central, deep 2cm
~3cm, then in scion away from starting at base portion 2cm~3cm, downward two sides are respectively splayed a knife, are formed it into wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, interior thin
Then the scion cut is inserted into stock notch again, is aligned the forming layer of scion wedge surface, the bevel of scion by the wedge shape of outer thickness
It can not be entirely insertable, 0.3cm is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally for degree with top, leaving the part that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can be such that interface healing well, securely after being plugged, uses
Plastic film tightens interface sternly.Scion to not sealing wax is wrapped up in its entirety sternly with plastic film；
D) spring: the scion grafting from segment scion base portion 2.5cm~3cm be whittled into an inclined-plane (big bevel), herein
The short bevel that a length is 1cm~1.5cm is cut on the opposite of bevel again, and scion lower part requires to Hou on one side thin while.Then in three-bristle cudrania wood
A kerf, as deep as stock rugosity one third to half, long 2.5cm~3cm are chamfer at 5cm~8cm from the ground.It will cut
Scion insertion stock notch in, big inclined-plane inwardly, small inclined-plane outwardly, and make the thicker side of scion row stratification formed with stock
Layer alignment.Stock is finally cut at 1cm~2cm from above interface portion, interface is tightened with plastic film, is tied up sternly；
(10) grafting manages: grafting management is divided into following steps:
A) check and survive: T-shaped bud checks survival rate after meeting rear 15h~20h, if the fresh, touching of petiole one of buddering is fallen
Illustrate to have survived, if petiole is not fallen, sprout drying shrinkage or blackening show not take over a job, scion grafting seedling checks after 30h survives situation, if
Scion skin zone keeps dark green, and bud, which starts to sprout, to be indicated to have survived, if the shrinkage of scion skin zone is withered to be indicated not survive；
B) it unbinds: what T-shaped bud connect, it is unbinded after 30h after taking over a job, with the nursery stock that xylem bud connects, in the second year spring
Ji Jinhang unbundlings, scion grafting seedling carry out after scion is branched out and enters vigorous growth in the case where not influencing interface diameter increment
Unbundlings；
C) cut anvil: budling cut anvil before spring rudiment first releases bondage object with wooden budling before cut anvil, cut anvil
Position is above the interface at 0.5cm~1cm, and for blade face to side of buddering, clip is smooth, be allowed in the high other side in side of buddering
Slightly lower scarf；
D) remove and sprout and found pillar: after budling cut anvil and scion grafting, several branches are extracted in buddering for scion grafting out, remaining whole is removed
It goes, pillar protection is added on twig side after cut anvil；
E) apply fertilizer: the budling after spring cut anvil, budder sprouting before should water in time, scion grafting seedling budder be unearthed before not pour
Water, no matter buddering seedling or scion grafting seedling, grow early period based on nitrogen fertilizer application, apply urea 5kg~10kg per acre, every time watering after and
When loosen the soil；
F) control of insect；
(11) outplanting, specially the following steps:
A) lifting: half seedling (sprout of non-cut anvil) or rapid-result seedling (current year sowing, current year grafting, current year seedling) can transfer
Lifting is out of the garden after the autumn end current year fallen leaves connect or before the next spring rudiment, and seedling goes out in the next autumn or spring in third year
Garden when lifting, is first ditched in the side of seedling row, is excavated again by after cutting off main root, root of more growing a beard, and lifting depth 25cm~
30cm；
B) classification and finishing: classification carries out immediately after lifting, and nursery stock is divided into difference by nursery stock size, root system quality etc.
Grade, reject miscellaneous seedling, inferior seedling and rootstock seedling in classification process, nursery stock generally has 4~6, main root, and lateral root length is not short
In 15cm, height of seedling is not less than 1m, and Miao Jing (the above 10cm of interface) is not less than 0.8cm, and classification while trims nursery stock, cuts
Fall sick branch, injured branch, lopsided root and the unsubstantial root tip；
C) quarantine and disinfection: will carry out close inspection when outplanting, immediately concentrate problem nursery stock once there is epidemic situation
It destroys, sprinkling 3 Baume degrees~5 Baume degrees lime sulfur carries out disinfection and sterilizes to nursery stock；
D) seedling packing, transport and storage: the nursery stock of remote way transport presses every 20 plants~50 plant one of nursery stock size after lifting
Bundle by materials such as root filling moist sawdust, sawdust, rice husk, cutted straws or is dipped in mud, then is wrapped with wet straw bag, mulch etc.
It wraps up in.Should spray water moisturizing in time in transportational process, in case root dehydration, when winter transports, carries out heat-insulating and cold and works, after lifting not
What can be transplanted in time should be planted, the nursery stock that especially the next spring is just colonized after autumn lifting, or utilize cellar or jelly
Library carries out nursery stock storage, as long as nursery stock root is covered with wet sand.
Further, in the step (1) stock selection: it is cold, rainfall is plentiful, the soil of low-lying clay weight is preferably with small
Yellow Lee makees stock；The big soil of cold, arid, surface soil alkalinity makees stock with mountain peach；The good sandy soil of permeability and sandy loam with
Wild peach makees stock；Carry out Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, vitellarium it is cold, it is arid stock is made with Nanking cherry, by reasonable according to working as
Way address soil selects stock, and trained nursery is preferably matched with local growing environment, is made
It must grow more preferable.
Further, the cutter used in the engrafting method is impregnated before use with boiling water for the grafting cutter of profession
3min~5min is sterilized with alcohol swab, high spirit, so that will not cause to graft due to the infection of bacterium in grafting procedures
Survival rate is lower.
Further, the grafting time was selected in the 2-4 month or the 6-8 month, was transferred according to the annual best growth date
Cultivation is connect, so that graft survival rate is higher.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1. red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth mode provided by the invention, using two season graft seedling growth, avoid traditional nursery only
It is that can reach good nursery effect in spring i.e. 2-4 month nursery in different seasons by the seedling raising manners for changing different, increase
The survival rate for having added nursery is suitble to extensive nursery, and the relatively simple Replication Tools product that do not need of technology used can be complete
At the method for graft seedling growth provided by the present invention, cultivated by the selection for carrying out stock for the local weather temperature difference of science
So that growing under appropriate circumstances more preferably, graft seedling growth quality is higher.
2. either grafting the knife used still all to avoid since external does not pay attention to the safeguard procedures of pest
The reasons such as bacterium infection caused by the low problem of graft survival rate obtained in terms of seedling management according to different grafting methods
Different way to manages is arrived, so that avoiding generally managing the low-quality problem for causing nursery.
3. the grafting method taken according to the difference of the difference in season and required grafting situation is different, avoid to reach
And the single problem such as raw material that uses good to high survival rate or Quality of Seedlings, can obtain same according to the local situation
Etc. high quality nursery, reduce the threshold of graft seedling growth, be suitble to scale nursery.
Specific embodiment
In order to which those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, the present invention is made into one below with reference to following embodiment
Step detailed description.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth, the present embodiment in the spring of Leshan sichuan, i.e., March into
Row, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps:
(1) Root-stock selection: due to the soil selected the soil big for cold, arid, surface soil alkalinity, so making anvil with mountain peach
Wood；
(2) stock seed collection: long using fruit development period, abundant mature, strong, no disease and pests harm the fruit tree of growth fruit
It is implemented as seed, when complete 90% or more fruit of tree, which has turned yellow, to be lost green, natural cracking, expose fruit stone, is all acquired, fruit
Seed nucleus is manually stripped out immediately after real harvesting；
(3) stock seed treatment: using Stratificated treatment or before sowing, quick pregermination is handled, in the step (3) at lamination
Manage concrete operation step are as follows:
A) dig pit: the hole deep, width 80cm is dug in the shade, ponding of divulging information, be not easy the place of selection；
B) seed impregnates: seed nucleus clear water first being impregnated 2h before lamination, it is primary to change water when being dipped to 1h；
C) seed and husky mixing: taking 1 part of cleaning river sand according to weight ratio, and 3 parts of seed is stirred mixing, tests wet
Degree is 60%；
D) setting condition in cheating: pit first spreads the wet sand of one layer of 3cm thickness, erects among wet sand and sets a Sokcho；
E) it inserts seed: being then filled with the seed mixed, filled and led up hole with wet sand when from earth's surface 10cm, finally first with wet
It is used after soil
(4) selection of nursery lot: selection topography is flat, soil is deep, fertile, permeability is good, illumination is sufficient, has irrigation and drainage item
Part, the soil that pH is 6.5~8 make nursery lot；
(5) it sows: stock is seeded into nursery lot, seed is taken out from lamination hole before sowing, seed has had 1/3
Seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, type of seeding uses program request, ditches by ridge, and deep 5cm, wide 15cm spread Furadan by seeding row spacing 5cm pendulum kind, anti-
Control subterranean pest-insect, earthing thickness 5cm；
(6) the following steps rootstock seedling management: are specifically divided into:
A) thinning and final singling: seedling carries out thinning when growing 3 or 4 true leaves, removes double seedlings, overstocked seedling, weak seedling
And sick seedling, whens seedling 5~8 true leaves, carry out final singling, spacing in the rows 12cm stays 10000 plants of seedling per acre；
B) fertilizing management: in entire growth course, applying fertilizer 2 times, carries out after topdressing final singling the 1st time, applies urea per acre
5kg, carries out for the 2nd time at later stages, applies compound fertilizer 15kg per acre；
C) it loosens the soil: carrying out intertillage after coming up and loosen the soil, intertillage depth is gradually deepened with increasing for seedling；
D) it hampers pests control: carrying out disinfection after coming up to soil, select 200 times of ferrous sulfate solutions or 300 times times
65% Zineb wettable powder pouring root, shallowly uprooted after application；
E) pinching and bud picking: pinching optimum period is that nursery stock speed long later period or terminal bud stop before growing, height of seedling 30cm, the 30h before bud connects
Carry out pinching, the bud within the basic 5cm of seedling stem of erasing early after rudiment, sublateral shoot more than grafting portion all retains；
(7) selection of stock tree: selection the age of tree 5 years above, the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, kind are pure, robust growth, get bumper crops it is high-quality,
Genetic stability, virus-free class and quarantine pest and disease damage, fruit a larger, fruit shape rectify, pale yellow, fleshy hypertrophy crisp and refreshing, juice
More in liquid, moderately sour and sweet, the kind tree body that adaptable, yielding ability is good；
(8) grafting prepares: scion requirement selection growth is enriched, luxuriant is full, no disease and pests harm annual lignifying branch,
Selection robust growth, upright, fibrous root is flourishing, the stock of high 40 ㎝ or more, 0.5 ㎝ or more of rootstock diameter；
(9) engrafting method: prepare the grafting cutter of profession before grafting, specifically grafted after impregnating 3min with boiling water before use
Mode is as follows: it will cut at stock from the ground 5cm, rive a kerf from Section Central, deep 2cm, then in scion away from base portion 2cm
Place starts, and downward two sides are respectively splayed a knife, forms it into the wedge shape of wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, interior thin outer thickness, the scion that then will have been cut again
It is inserted into stock notch, is aligned the forming layer of scion wedge surface, the bevel of scion can not be entirely insertable, and be showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.3cm with top
For degree, leaving the part that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can make interface healing good, secured, after being plugged, be tightened interface sternly with plastic film.To not having
The scion of sealing wax is wrapped up in its entirety sternly with plastic film.
(10) grafting manages: grafting management is divided into following steps:
A) it checks and survives: being checked after 30h and survive situation, check scion skin zone and keep dark green, bud starts expression of sprouting
It has survived；
B) it unbinds: being unbinded after scion is branched out and enters vigorous growth；
C) except sprouting and found pillar: after scion grafting, several branches are extracted in buddering for scion grafting out, remaining is all removed, after cut anvil
Pillar protection is added on twig side；
E) apply fertilizer: scion grafting seedling budder be unearthed before not water, grow early period based on nitrogen fertilizer application, apply per acre urea 5kg~
10kg loosens the soil after watering in time every time；
F) control of insect；
(11) outplanting, specially the following steps:
A) lifting: half seedling (sprout of non-cut anvil) or rapid-result seedling (current year sowing, current year grafting, current year seedling) can transfer
Lifting is out of the garden after the autumn end current year fallen leaves connect or before the next spring rudiment, and seedling goes out in the next autumn or spring in third year
Garden when lifting, is first ditched in the side of seedling row, is excavated again by after cutting off main root, root of more growing a beard, lifting depth 25cm；
B) classification and finishing: classification carries out immediately after lifting, and nursery stock is divided into difference by nursery stock size, root system quality etc.
Grade, miscellaneous seedling, inferior seedling and rootstock seedling are rejected in classification process, 4, nursery stock main root, lateral root length is not shorter than 15cm, height of seedling
Not less than 1m, Miao Jing (the above 10cm of interface) is not less than 0.8cm, and classification while trims nursery stock, cut sick branch, by
Hurt branch, lopsided root and the unsubstantial root tip；
C) quarantine and disinfection: will carry out close inspection when outplanting, immediately concentrate problem nursery stock once there is epidemic situation
It destroys, the lime sulfur of 3 Baume degrees of sprinkling carries out disinfection and sterilizes to nursery stock；
D) seedling packing, transport and storage: the nursery stock of remote way transport, after lifting by nursery stock size it is every 20 plants a bundle, by root
The materials such as portion's filling moist sawdust, sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw are dipped in mud, then are wrapped up with wet straw bag, mulch etc., transport
Should spray water moisturizing in time in the process, in case root dehydration, when winter transports, carries out heat-insulating and cold work, it cannot be timely after lifting
Plant should be planted, the nursery stock that especially the next spring is just colonized after autumn lifting, or be carried out using cellar or frozen storehouse
Nursery stock storage, as long as nursery stock root is covered with wet sand.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth, the present embodiment Leshan sichuan spring, that is, March into
Row, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps:
(1) Root-stock selection: due to the soil selected the soil big for cold, arid, surface soil alkalinity, so making anvil with mountain peach
Wood；
(2) stock seed collection: long using fruit development period, abundant mature, strong, no disease and pests harm the fruit tree of growth fruit
It is implemented as seed, when complete 90% or more fruit of tree, which has turned yellow, to be lost green, natural cracking, expose fruit stone, is all acquired, fruit
Seed nucleus is manually stripped out immediately after real harvesting；
(3) stock seed treatment, concrete operation step are as follows:
A) impregnate seed nucleus: 20h or so before sowing pours into the seed nucleus by selecting in 80 DEG C of hot water, pulls out after 20min
It is put into cold water and impregnates 2 round the clock；
B) it stirs: pulling out and be bound together afterwards with the thin river sand of 2 times of grain weights or wet saw end；
C) vernalization: dividing and carry out vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C, and thickness is checked germination after 5 ㎝ or so, about 15h, done
Suitably stir；
(4) selection of nursery lot: selection topography is flat, soil is deep, fertile, permeability is good, illumination is sufficient, has irrigation and drainage item
Part, the soil that pH is 6.5 and sandy loam make nursery lot；
(5) it sows: stock is seeded into nursery lot；
(6) the following steps rootstock seedling management: are specifically divided into:
A) thinning and final singling: seedling carries out thinning when growing 3 true leaves, removes double seedlings, overstocked seedling, weak seedling and disease
Seedling, whens 7 true leaves of seedling, carry out final singling, and spacing in the rows 13cm stays 12000 plants of seedling per acre；
B) fertilizing management: in entire growth course, applying fertilizer 3 times, carries out after topdressing final singling the 1st time, applies urea per acre
10kg, carries out for the 2nd time and the 3rd time at later stages, applies compound fertilizer 18kg per acre；
C) it loosens the soil: carrying out intertillage after coming up and loosen the soil, intertillage depth is gradually deepened with increasing for seedling；
D) it hampers pests control: carrying out disinfection after coming up to soil, select 200 times of ferrous sulfate solutions or 400 times
65% Zineb wettable powder pouring root, is shallowly uprooted after application；
E) pinching and bud picking: pinching optimum period is that nursery stock speed long later period or terminal bud stop before growing, height of seedling 35cm, the 30h before bud connects
Carry out pinching, the bud within the basic 8cm of seedling stem of erasing early after rudiment, sublateral shoot more than grafting portion all retains；
(7) selection of stock tree: the selection age of tree 6 years, the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, kind be pure, robust growth, high yield are high-quality, hereditary
Property stable, virus-free class and quarantine pest and disease damage, fruit a larger, fruit shape rectify, in pale yellow, fleshy hypertrophy crisp and refreshing, juice
More, moderately sour and sweet, the kind tree body that adaptable, yielding ability is good；
(8) grafting prepares: scion requirement selection growth is enriched, luxuriant is full, no disease and pests harm annual lignifying branch,
Selection robust growth, upright, fibrous root is flourishing, the stock of high 40 ㎝ or more, 0.5 ㎝ or more of rootstock diameter；
(9) engrafting method: prepare the grafting cutter of profession before grafting and specifically transferred after impregnating 3min with boiling water before use
It is as follows to connect mode: since stock and scion be not from skin, being connect using band xylem bud, takes scion with a hand, bud point downward,
First the top 5mm of bud at, a knife is oliquely downward cut, edge of a knife depth is up to 2mm, and length is to be more than sprout 1cm, then in the lower section of bud
It from top to bottom splays a knife with branch in 45° angle at 1cm, so that two edges of a knife is met, remove the bud tablets with xylem, in the stock back
Away from a knife of splaying at the 10cm of ground, bevel and the long bevel of bud tablets are isometric, then the oliquely downward partial application at edge of a knife half, cut
Mouth size and shape is consistent with bud tablets, is then put into stock notch buddering, at least makes the forming layer of stock and bud tablets side
Docking is finally tightened with plastic foil, is tied up sternly；
(10) grafting manages: grafting management is divided into following steps:
A) check and survive: bud checks survival rate after meeting rear 15h, checks the fresh, touching of petiole one of buddering and falls explanation and have become
It is living；
B) it unbinds: what T-shaped bud connect, it is unbinded after 30h after taking over a job, with the nursery stock that xylem bud connects, in the second year spring
Ji Jinhang unbundlings；
C) cut anvil: budling cut anvil before spring rudiment first releases bondage object with wooden budling before cut anvil, cut anvil
Position is above the interface at 0.5cm, and for blade face to side of buddering, clip is smooth, be allowed to slightly lower in the high other side in side of buddering
Scarf；
D) except sprouting and found pillar: pillar protection is added after cut anvil in budling cut anvil on twig side；
E) apply fertilizer: the budling after spring cut anvil should water in time before sprouting of buddering, and grow early period based on nitrogen fertilizer application,
Urea 8kg is applied per acre, is loosened the soil in time after watering every time；
F) control of insect；
(11) outplanting, specially the following steps:
A) lifting: half seedling (sprout of non-cut anvil) or rapid-result seedling (current year sowing, current year grafting, current year seedling) can transfer
Lifting is out of the garden after the autumn end current year fallen leaves connect or before the next spring rudiment, and seedling is out of the garden in the next autumn, when lifting, first exists
The side of seedling row is ditched, and is excavated again by after cutting off main root, root of more growing a beard, lifting depth 30cm；
B) classification and finishing: classification carries out immediately after lifting, and nursery stock is divided into difference by nursery stock size, root system quality etc.
Grade, reject miscellaneous seedling, inferior seedling and rootstock seedling in classification process, nursery stock generally has 4, main root, and lateral root length is not shorter than
15cm, height of seedling are not less than 1m, and Miao Jing (the above 10cm of interface) is not less than 0.8cm, and classification while trims nursery stock, cut
Sick branch, injured branch, lopsided root and the unsubstantial root tip；
C) quarantine and disinfection: will carry out close inspection when outplanting, immediately concentrate problem nursery stock once there is epidemic situation
It destroys, the lime sulfur of 4 Baume degrees of sprinkling carries out disinfection and sterilizes to nursery stock；
D) seedling packing, transport and storage: the nursery stock of remote way transport, after lifting by nursery stock size it is every 30 plants a bundle, by root
The materials such as portion's filling moist sawdust, sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw are dipped in mud, then are wrapped up with wet straw bag, mulch etc..Transport
Should spray water moisturizing in time in the process, in case root dehydration, when winter transports, carries out heat-insulating and cold work, it cannot be timely after lifting
Plant should be planted, the nursery stock that especially the next spring is just colonized after autumn lifting, or be carried out using cellar or frozen storehouse
Nursery stock storage, as long as nursery stock root is covered with wet sand.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth, the present embodiment Leshan sichuan summer, that is, July into
Row, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps:
(1) Root-stock selection: due to the soil selected the soil big for cold, arid, surface soil alkalinity, so making anvil with mountain peach
Wood；
(2) stock seed collection: long using fruit development period, abundant mature, strong, no disease and pests harm the fruit tree of growth fruit
It is implemented as seed, when complete 90% or more fruit of tree, which has turned yellow, to be lost green, natural cracking, expose fruit stone, is all acquired, fruit
Seed nucleus is manually stripped out immediately after real harvesting；
(3) stock seed treatment: quick pregermination processing, concrete operation step before sowing are as follows:
A) impregnate seed nucleus: 20h or so before sowing pours into the seed nucleus by selecting in 100 DEG C of hot water, fishes out after 20min
It is put into cold water out and impregnates 2 round the clock；
B) it stirs: pulling out and be bound together afterwards with the thin river sand of 3 times of grain weights or wet saw end；
C) vernalization: dividing and carry out vernalization under the conditions of 30 DEG C, and thickness is checked germination after 5 ㎝ or so, about 15h, done
Suitably stir；
(4) selection of nursery lot: selection topography is flat, soil is deep, fertile, permeability is good, illumination is sufficient, has irrigation and drainage item
Part, the soil that pH is 8 and sandy loam make nursery lot；
(5) it sows: using program request, ditch depth 7cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, seed nucleus program request depth 6cm, earthing thickness 10cm are filled with enough after broadcasting
Freeze-up water spreads fertilizer over the fields the phoxim granule of 1.5kg 3% and the mixture of 15kg fine earth per acre, turns in soil, anti-with this
The only plague of rats；
(6) the following steps rootstock seedling management: are specifically divided into:
A) thinning and final singling: seedling carries out thinning when growing 4 true leaves, removes double seedlings, overstocked seedling, weak seedling and disease
Seedling, whens 8 true leaves of seedling, carry out final singling, and spacing in the rows 15cm stays 15000 plants of seedling per acre；
B) fertilizing management: in entire growth course, applying fertilizer 2 times, carries out after topdressing final singling the 1st time, applies urea per acre
20kg, carries out for the 2nd time at later stages, applies compound fertilizer 20kg per acre；
C) it loosens the soil: carrying out intertillage after coming up and loosen the soil, intertillage depth is gradually deepened with increasing for seedling；
D) it hampers pests control: carrying out disinfection after coming up to soil, select 200 times of ferrous sulfate solutions or 500 times
65% Zineb wettable powder pouring root, is shallowly uprooted after application；
E) pinching and bud picking: pinching optimum period is that nursery stock speed long later period or terminal bud stop before growing, height of seedling 40cm, the 30h before bud connects
Carry out pinching, the bud within the basic 5cm~10cm of seedling stem of erasing early after rudiment, sublateral shoot more than grafting portion all retains；
(7) selection of stock tree: selection the age of tree 6 years, the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, kind are pure, robust growth, high yield is high-quality, lose
Transmissibility is stable, virus-free class and quarantine pest and disease damage, fruit a larger, fruit shape are rectified, pale yellow, fleshy hypertrophy crisp and refreshing, juice
In more, moderately sour and sweet, the kind tree body that adaptable, yielding ability is good；
(8) grafting prepares: scion requirement selection growth is enriched, luxuriant is full, no disease and pests harm annual lignifying branch,
Selection robust growth, upright, fibrous root is flourishing, the stock of high 40 ㎝ or more, 0.5 ㎝ or more of rootstock diameter；
(9) engrafting method: prepare the grafting cutter of profession before grafting and specifically transferred after impregnating 3min with boiling water before use
It is as follows to connect mode: due to buddering and three-bristle cudrania wood is all from skin, scion uses current-year branch, the horizontal partial application at the top 0.5cm of bud,
As deep as xylem, then upward push broach at the lower section 1.5cm of bud again is cut from shallow to deep to transverse incision, and depth reaches the three of xylem
At/mono-, bud is touched with thumb, removes peltate bud tablets, bud tablets long 1.5cm, wide 0.5cm, in stock base portion, away from ground 10cm
Place selects the crosscutting knife in smooth position, and depth is cutting cortex, vertically cuts an osculum with point of a knife among transverse incision, and gently with knife
Cortex is pried open, stock notch is inserted into bud tablets lower end, taking advantage of a situation, it is subcutaneous to be pushed downwardly into, until bud tablets top aligns with stock transverse incision
Until, finally interface Bao Yan is tightened with thin plastic item, keeps bud eye and petiole exposed；
(10) grafting manages: grafting management is divided into following steps:
A) check and survive: T-shaped bud checks survival rate after meeting rear 20h, checks the fresh, touching of petiole one of buddering and falls
It is bright to have survived；
B) it unbinds: being unbinded after 30h after taking over a job；
C) cut anvil: budling cut anvil before spring rudiment, the position of cut anvil is above the interface at 1cm, and blade face is to buddering
Side, clip is smooth, is allowed in the slightly lower scarf in the high other side in side of buddering；
D) it removes and sprouts and found pillar: after budling cut anvil, pillar protection being added on twig side after cut anvil；
E) apply fertilizer: budder sprouting before should water in time, scion grafting seedling budder be unearthed before not water, grow early period with nitrogen fertilizer application
Based on, urea 10kg is applied per acre, is loosened the soil in time after watering every time；
F) control of insect；
(11) outplanting, specially the following steps:
A) lifting: half seedling (sprout of non-cut anvil) or rapid-result seedling (current year sowing, current year grafting, current year seedling) are being grafted
Autumn end current year fallen leaves after or the next spring rudiment before lifting be out of the garden, seedling is out of the garden in the next autumn or spring in third year,
It when lifting, first ditches, is excavated again by after cutting off main root, root of more growing a beard, lifting depth 30cm in the side of seedling row；
B) classification and finishing: classification carries out immediately after lifting, and nursery stock is divided into difference by nursery stock size, root system quality etc.
Grade, reject miscellaneous seedling, inferior seedling and rootstock seedling in classification process, nursery stock generally has 4~6, main root, and lateral root length is not short
In 15cm, height of seedling is not less than 1m, and Miao Jing (the above 10cm of interface) is not less than 0.8cm, and classification while trims nursery stock, cuts
Fall sick branch, injured branch, lopsided root and the unsubstantial root tip；
C) quarantine and disinfection: will carry out close inspection when outplanting, immediately concentrate problem nursery stock once there is epidemic situation
It destroys, the lime sulfur of 5 Baume degrees of sprinkling carries out disinfection and sterilizes to nursery stock；
D) seedling packing, transport and storage: the nursery stock of remote way transport, after lifting by nursery stock size it is every 50 plants a bundle, by root
The materials such as portion's filling moist sawdust, sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw are dipped in mud, then are wrapped up with wet straw bag, mulch etc..Transport
Should spray water moisturizing in time in the process, in case root dehydration, when winter transports, carries out heat-insulating and cold work.
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, patent protection model of the invention
It encloses and is subject to claims, it is all to change with equivalent structure made by description of the invention, similarly should all include
Within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) Root-stock selection: the selection according to different weather and edaphic condition to stock；
(2) stock seed collection: long using fruit development period, abundant mature, strong, no disease and pests harm the fruit tree of growth fruit is made
For seed；
(3) stock seed treatment: using Stratificated treatment or before sowing, quick pregermination is handled；
(4) selection of nursery lot: selection topography it is flat, soil is deep, fertile, permeability is good, illumination is sufficient, have irrigation condition,
The soil and sandy loam that pH is 6.5~8 make nursery lot；
(5) it sows: stock is seeded into nursery lot；
(6) rootstock seedling management；
(7) selection of stock tree: the good kind tree body of the selection age of tree 5 years or more, yielding ability；
(8) grafting prepares: scion requirement selection growth is enriched, luxuriant is full, no disease and pests harm annual lignifying branch, selection
Fibrous root is flourishing, the stock of high 40 ㎝ or more, 0.5 ㎝ or more of rootstock diameter；
(9) engrafting method: there is bud to connect i.e. T-shaped bud and connect and connect and scion grafting engrafting method with xylem bud；
(10) grafting manages: grafting management is divided into following steps:
A) check and survive: T-shaped bud checks survival rate after meeting rear 15h~20h, if the fresh, touching of petiole one of buddering falls explanation
It has been survived that, scion grafting seedling checks after 30h survives situation, if scion skin zone keeps dark green, bud, which starts to sprout, to be indicated to have survived；
B) unbind: what T-shaped bud connect, unbinded after 30h after taking over a job, with the nursery stock that xylem bud connects, the next spring into
Row unbundlings, scion grafting seedling are unbinded after scion is branched out and enters vigorous growth；
C) cut anvil: budling cut anvil before spring rudiment first releases bondage object, the position of cut anvil with wooden budling before cut anvil
Above the interface at 0.5cm~1cm, for blade face to side of buddering, clip is smooth, be allowed to slightly lower in the high other side in side of buddering
Scarf；
D) remove and sprout and found pillar: after budling cut anvil and scion grafting, several branches are extracted in buddering for scion grafting out, remaining is all removed, and are cut
Pillar protection is added on twig side after anvil；
E) apply fertilizer: the budling after spring cut anvil, budder sprouting before should water, scion grafting seedling budder be unearthed before not water, no matter
It budders seedling or scion grafting seedling, grows early period based on nitrogen fertilizer application, apply urea 5kg~10kg per acre, loosen the soil in time after watering every time；
F) control of insect；
(11) outplanting.
2. a method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: stock in the step (1)
Selection:
(1) soil cold, that rainfall is plentiful, low-lying clay is heavy preferably makees stock with Lee little Huang；
(2) the big soil of cold, arid, surface soil alkalinity makees stock with mountain peach；
(3) the good sandy soil of permeability and sandy loam make stock with wild peach；
(4) carry out that Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, vitellarium are cold, arid make stock with Nanking cherry.
3. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: lamination in the step (3)
Handle concrete operation step are as follows:
(1) dig pit: the hole deep, width 80cm is dug in the shade, ponding of divulging information, be not easy the place of selection；
(2) seed impregnates: seed nucleus clear water first being impregnated 2h-3h before lamination, it is primary to change water when being dipped to 1-1.5h；
(3) seed and husky mixing: taking 1 part of cleaning river sand according to weight ratio, and 3-5 parts of seed is stirred mixing, tests wet
Degree is 60%-70%；
(4) setting condition in cheating: pit first spreads the wet sand of one layer of 3cm~5cm thickness, erects among wet sand and sets a Sokcho；
(5) it inserts seed: being then filled with the seed mixed, filled and led up hole with wet sand when from earth's surface 10cm~15cm, it is last first
Hole is trained into mound with dry ground with after wet soil.
4. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: sowing in the step (3)
Preceding quick pregermination handles concrete operation step are as follows:
(1) impregnate seed nucleus: 20h or so before sowing pours into the seed nucleus by selecting in 80 DEG C~100 DEG C of hot water, after 20min
It pulls out to be put into cold water and impregnates 2 round the clock；
(2) it stirs: pulling out and be bound together afterwards with the thin river sand of 2 times~3 times grain weights or wet saw end；
(3) vernalization: dividing and carry out vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, and thickness checks germination after 5 ㎝ or so, about 15h,
It does and suitably stirs.
5. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the engrafting method is according to transferring
Different grafting methods is selected whether time difference and stock are connect from skin, specific grafting method is as follows:
(1) summer: the T-shaped bud connects, it is desirable that budders and three-bristle cudrania wood is all from skin, scion uses current-year branch, in the upper of bud
Horizontal partial application at square 0.5cm, as deep as xylem, then upward push broach at lower section 1cm~1.5cm of bud again, cut from shallow to deep to
Transverse incision, depth touch bud with thumb, remove peltate bud tablets up at the one third of xylem, bud tablets long 1.5cm, wide
0.5cm, in stock base portion, away from the crosscutting knife in smooth position is selected at the 5cm~10cm of ground, depth is cutting cortex, in transverse incision
Centre vertically cuts an osculum with point of a knife, and gently pries open cortex with knife, and stock notch is inserted into bud tablets lower end, takes advantage of a situation and is pushed downwardly into
Subcutaneously, until bud tablets top and stock transverse incision align, finally interface Bao Yan is tightened with thin plastic item, make bud eye and
Petiole is exposed；
(2) spring: stock and scion not from skin when, can be connect with band xylem bud, with one when the band xylem bud connects grafting
Hand takes scion, and bud point downward, first top 3mm~5mm of bud at, oliquely downward cuts a knife, edge of a knife depth reach 1mm~
2mm, length are from top to bottom splayed a knife with branch in 45° angle to be more than sprout 1cm, then at lower section 0.5cm~1cm of bud,
So that two edges of a knife is met, remove the bud tablets with xylem, in the stock back away from a knife of splaying at the 10cm of ground, bevel is cut with bud tablets length
Face is isometric, then the oliquely downward partial application at edge of a knife half, and method is identical as scion is cut, and cuts mouthful size and shape and bud tablets
Unanimously, it is then put into stock notch buddering, at least docks stock and the forming layer of bud tablets side, finally tied up with plastic foil
Tightly, it ties up tight；
(3) summer: the scion grafting will be cut at stock from the ground 5cm~10cm, be rived a kerf from Section Central, and deep 2cm~
3cm, then in scion away from starting at base portion 2cm~3cm, downward two sides are respectively splayed a knife, are formed it into wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, interior thin outer
Then the scion cut is inserted into stock notch again, is aligned the forming layer of scion wedge surface, the bevel of scion is or not thick wedge shape
It can be entirely insertable, 0.3cm is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally for degree with top, interface healing can be made well, securely by leaving the part that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after being plugged, with modeling
Material film tightens interface sternly.Scion to not sealing wax is wrapped up in its entirety sternly with plastic film；
(4) spring: the scion grafting from segment scion base portion 2.5cm~3cm be whittled into an inclined-plane (big bevel), in this bevel
Opposite cut the short bevel that a length is 1cm~1.5cm again, scion lower part requires to Hou on one side thin while.Then liftoff in three-bristle cudrania wood
A kerf, as deep as stock rugosity one third to half, long 2.5cm~3cm are chamfer at the 5cm~8cm of face.It is connect what is cut
Fringe is inserted into stock notch, and inwardly, small inclined-plane outwardly, and makes the row stratification and stock forming layer pair of the thicker side of scion on big inclined-plane
Together.Stock is finally cut at 1cm~2cm from above interface portion, interface is tightened with plastic film, is tied up sternly.
6. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: used in the engrafting method
Cutter be profession grafting cutter, with boiling water impregnate 3min~5min before use or with alcohol swab, high spirit disinfection.
7. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the grafting time is selected in
The 2-4 month or the 6-8 month.
8. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the seedling in the step (11)
Wood, which is out of the garden, is divided into the following steps:
(1) lifting: half seedling (sprout of non-cut anvil) or rapid-result seedling (current year sowing, current year grafting, current year seedling) can grafted
Autumn end current year fallen leaves after or the next spring rudiment before lifting be out of the garden, seedling is out of the garden in the next autumn or spring in third year,
It when lifting, first ditches, is excavated again by after cutting off main root, root of more growing a beard, lifting depth 25cm~30cm in the side of seedling row；
(2) classification and finishing: classification carries out immediately after lifting, is divided into nursery stock by nursery stock size, root system quality etc. different
Grade rejects miscellaneous seedling, inferior seedling and rootstock seedling in classification process, and nursery stock generally has 4~6, main root, and lateral root length is not shorter than
15cm, height of seedling are not less than 1m, and Miao Jing (the above 10cm of interface) is not less than 0.8cm, and classification while trims nursery stock, cut
Sick branch, injured branch, lopsided root and the unsubstantial root tip；
(3) quarantine and disinfection: will carry out close inspection when outplanting, sell once epidemic situation occur and immediately concentrating problem nursery stock
It ruins, sprinkling 3 Baume degrees~5 Baume degrees lime sulfur carries out disinfection and sterilizes to nursery stock；
(4) seedling packing, transport and storage: the nursery stock of remote way transport will by a bundle of every 20 plants~50 plants of nursery stock size after lifting
The materials such as root filling moist sawdust, sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw are dipped in mud, then are wrapped up with wet straw bag, mulch etc..Fortune
Should spray water in time moisturizing during defeated, in order to avoid root dehydration, when winter transports, carry out heat-insulating and cold work, after lifting cannot and
When transplant should be planted, the nursery stock that especially the next spring is just colonized after autumn lifting is conditional also to can use
Cellar or frozen storehouse carry out nursery stock storage, as long as nursery stock root is covered with wet sand.
9. a kind of method of red crisp Lee's graft seedling growth as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rootstock seedling management is specific
Steps are as follows:
(1) thinning and final singling: seedling carries out thinning when growing 3~4 true leaves, removes double seedlings, overstocked seedling, weak seedling and disease
Seedling, whens seedling 5~8 true leaves, carry out final singling, and spacing in the rows is 12cm~15cm, stay 10000 plants~15000 plants of seedling per acre；
(2) fertilizing management: in entire growth course, applying fertilizer 2 times~3 times, carries out after topdressing final singling the 1st time, applies urea per acre
5kg~20kg, carries out for the 2nd time at later stages, applies compound fertilizer 15kg~20kg per acre；
(3) it loosens the soil: carrying out intertillage after coming up and loosen the soil, intertillage depth is gradually deepened with increasing for seedling；
(4) it hampers pests control: carrying out disinfection after coming up to soil, select 200 times of ferrous sulfate solutions or 300 times~500
65% Zineb wettable powder pouring root again, is shallowly uprooted after application；
(5) pinching and bud picking: pinching optimum period is that nursery stock speed long later period or terminal bud stop before growing, height of seedling 30cm~40cm, before bud connects
30h carries out pinching, the bud within the basic 5cm~10cm of seedling stem of erasing early after rudiment, and sublateral shoot more than grafting portion all retains.
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