CN110786160A

CN110786160A - Grafting method of black gem plum

Info

Publication number: CN110786160A
Application number: CN201911243028.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张海涛
Original assignee: Xian Senwas Agricultural Science and Technology Corp
Current assignee: Xian Senwas Agricultural Science and Technology Corp
Priority date: 2019-12-06
Filing date: 2019-12-06
Publication date: 2020-02-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a grafting method of black plum, which comprises the steps of selecting apple tree seedlings to cultivate for 1-2 years, and using the apple tree seedlings as stocks; removing the top end of the cultured apple seedlings, and reserving the trunks; cutting branches with plump buds on a healthy black-gem plum tree, and storing for one month; cutting the top end of a stock into a smooth inclined plane by a knife, cutting full buds on branches with full buds from the top of the inclined plane to the center of the top of the stock by a blade, wherein the cut is 1.5cm long, tightly attaching the cut surfaces of the full buds to the inclined plane of the stock, fixing the full buds on the stock by a preservative film, completely wrapping the full buds and the top of the stock in the preservative film, and removing the preservative film after the full buds grow out to form tender buds; the grafting method of the black gem plum, provided by the invention, provides a method which is simple to operate and high in survival rate for the current grafting of the black gem plum, and apple trees are adopted as the stocks, the roots of the apple trees are deep, the dependence on the environment is small, and the survival rate is high.

Description

Grafting method of black gem plum

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, and relates to a method for grafting black gem plums.

Background

Grafting, which is one of artificial propagation methods of plants, namely grafting a branch or a bud of one plant to a stem or a root of another plant, and growing the two parts which are connected together into a complete plant; the grafting mode is divided into a branch grafting mode and a bud grafting mode, and the grafting is carried out by utilizing the function of wound healing after the plant is injured;

grafting is a kind of vegetative reproduction in vegetative propagation, and the scion should be tightly combined with the cambium of the rootstock during grafting so as to ensure the survival of the scion. The grafted branch or bud is called scion; the grafted plant is called stock or platform wood, when scion, a seedling with 2 to 4 buds is generally selected, and becomes the upper part or top of the plant after grafting, and the stock becomes the root part of the plant after grafting.

The black gem plum has purple black peel and yellow pulp, has multiple tastes and is fresh and sweet, the sugar degree reaches more than 13 degrees, the quality is excellent, and the edible rate reaches more than 95 percent; the mature period of the fruit is from the first 6 months to the middle and last 6 months; the plum fruit juice is popular with consumers by changing the defects of easy fruit cracking, heavy astringent taste, difficult digestion, monotonous color and the like of the Chinese plum, and having the characteristics of unique shape, bright color, fragrant and sweet flavor, long storage life and the like, and can be planted in the south of the Yangtze river in China and also partially planted in Taiwan areas.

Therefore, the plum of the variety is particularly popular in the market at present, and a plurality of fruit growers are increased for planting, but the mature period of the new seedling is long, and the problem is particularly important to solve.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a grafting method of black-gem plums, which solves the problem that the existing plums have long new seedling maturity period.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the grafting method of the black gem plum is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, selecting apple tree seedlings to cultivate for 1-2 years, and using the apple tree seedlings as stocks;

step 2, removing the top end of the apple seedlings cultivated in the step 1, and reserving a trunk; cutting branches with plump buds on a healthy black-gem plum tree, and storing for one month;

and 3, cutting the top end of the stock into a smooth inclined plane by using a cutter, cutting off full buds on the branches with the full buds by using a blade, wherein the cut length is 1.5cm, tightly attaching the tangent plane of the full buds to the inclined plane of the stock, fixing the full buds on the stock by using a preservative film, completely wrapping the full buds and the top of the stock in the preservative film, and removing the preservative film after the full buds grow out and grow out buds.

The invention is also characterized in that:

wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: selecting soil with sufficient sunlight and moderate humidity, spraying urea on the surface of the soil, then repeatedly turning the soil, then planting apple seedlings in 20cm deep pits of the soil, filling the soil until the roots are completely immersed in the soil, watering to fix the roots of the apple seedlings, and finally covering a 3cm thick soil layer;

wherein, the urea is 1kg per square meter;

wherein the step 2 specifically comprises: the top removal is carried out in months 2 or 3; inserting the cut tree trunks into soil, then covering a layer of preservative film on the surface layer, and storing for 10 days;

wherein, soil into which the trunk is inserted needs to be covered with a layer of chicken manure 20-30 days in advance, and the thickness of the chicken manure is 1 cm;

wherein the branches need to be stored in an environment with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ and the air humidity of 50-60%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the grafting method of the black gem plum, provided by the invention, provides a method which is simple to operate and high in survival rate for the current grafting of the black gem plum, and apple trees are adopted as the stocks, the roots of the apple trees are deep, the dependence on the environment is small, and the survival rate is high.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.

The invention provides a method for grafting black-gem plums, which is implemented by the following steps:

step 1, selecting apple tree seedlings to cultivate for 1-2 years, and using the apple tree seedlings as stocks:

selecting soil with sufficient sunlight and moderate humidity, spraying 1kg of urea per square meter on the surface of the soil, repeatedly turning the soil, planting apple seedlings in 20cm deep pits of the soil, filling the soil until the roots are completely submerged in the soil, watering to fix the roots of the apple seedlings, and finally covering a 3cm thick soil layer.

Step 2, removing the top end of the apple seedlings cultivated in the step 1, and reserving a trunk, wherein the top end removal needs to be carried out in 2 or 3 months; cutting branches with plump buds on a healthy black-gem plum tree, inserting the cut branches into soil, covering a layer of preservative film on the surface layer, storing for 10 days, removing the preservative film, storing for one month, paving a layer of chicken manure on the soil in which the branches are inserted in advance 20-30 days, wherein the thickness of the chicken manure is 1cm, and the branches need to be stored in an environment with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ and the air humidity of 50-60%.

Apples are able to adapt to most climates. The optimal choice for apple growth is between 35 and 50 degrees in north and south latitude, the apples need 1000-1600 unit heat and 120-1600 frostless weather for 180 days, are warm in the day, are cold at night, and have as much illumination radiation as possible on the premise of ensuring excellent quality, the apples can resist frost at 40 ℃ below zero, the flowering period and the fructification period, if the temperature is between-2.2 ℃ and-3.3 ℃, the yield is influenced, and compared with other defoliation crops, the apples bloom later; thus reducing the probability of suffering from frost; however, for some species and regions where the effects of frost are more pronounced, an effective anti-frost regime is necessary.

Therefore, the apple trees are selected as the stocks, frost can be effectively prevented, and the survival rate is correspondingly improved;

urea, also known as carbamide (carbomide), is an organic compound consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, which is a white crystal. One of the simplest organic compounds is the major nitrogen-containing end product of the metabolic breakdown of proteins in mammals and certain fish. The urea is also the nitrogen fertilizer with the highest nitrogen content at present, and is used as a neutral fertilizer, and the urea is suitable for various soils and plants. It is easy to preserve, easy to use, it is small to the destruction effect of the soil; therefore, urea is scattered in advance to provide high-quality nitrogen fertilizer for seedlings, and the growth environment is also enhanced;

the chicken manure is a relatively high-quality organic fertilizer, contains about 1.63 percent of pure nitrogen, 1.54 percent of phosphorus (P2O5) and 0.085 percent of potassium (K2O), can provide various nutrients required by different growth of crops, contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms, can increase the organic nitrogen content of soil, promote the activity and the effectiveness of phosphorus and potassium in the soil, exert the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution, and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.

The preservation in the greenhouse also enhances the survival of the plump buds on the black-gem plum tree, and provides a high-quality seedling before grafting.

Claims

1. The grafting method of the black gem plum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for grafting black-gem plum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 1 is specifically as follows: selecting soil with sufficient sunlight and moderate humidity, spraying urea on the surface of the soil, then repeatedly turning the soil, then planting apple seedlings in 20cm deep pits of the soil, filling the soil until the roots are completely immersed in the soil, watering to fix the roots of the apple seedlings, and finally covering a 3cm thick soil layer.

3. The method for grafting prunus sapiensis according to claim 2, wherein the urea is 1kg per square meter.

4. The method for grafting black-gem plum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises: the top removal is carried out in months 2 or 3; the cut tree trunks are inserted into soil, then a layer of preservative film is covered on the surface layer, the storage is carried out for 10 days, and then the preservative film is removed for storage for 1 month.

5. The method for grafting black gem plum as claimed in claim 4, wherein a layer of chicken manure is laid on the soil into which the trunk is inserted 20-30 days ahead of time, and the thickness of the chicken manure is 1 cm.

6. The method for grafting black plum according to claim 4, wherein the branches are stored in an environment having a temperature of 10-15 ℃ and an air humidity of 50-60%.