CN109105195B - Codonopsis pilosula planting method and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Codonopsis pilosula planting method and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105195B CN109105195B CN201811042636.7A CN201811042636A CN109105195B CN 109105195 B CN109105195 B CN 109105195B CN 201811042636 A CN201811042636 A CN 201811042636A CN 109105195 B CN109105195 B CN 109105195B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting and processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a planting method and a processing method of codonopsis pilosula. The planting method comprises the following steps: applying a compound fertilizer during the planting period of the codonopsis pilosula, wherein the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, urea and calcium superphosphate; the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows: 6-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 3.5-6.5 kg/mu of urea and 3-6.5 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate; the compound fertilizer is applied by three times, namely, one-time base fertilizer application and two-time additional fertilizer application. According to the invention, the potassium fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are mixed according to a specific proportion and are applied in a specific application manner, and the ingredients are reasonably matched, so that the codonopsis pilosula is suitable for growth. Experimental results show that the fertilizer formula is particularly suitable for the growth of codonopsis pilosula, the cultivated codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide content is high and stable, and the codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide content is high through a special processing technology, so that the fertilizer has a wide application prospect and a wide medicinal value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting and processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a planting method and a processing method of codonopsis pilosula.
Background
Radix Codonopsis is a common Chinese medicine, and radix Codonopsis recorded in pharmacopoeia of people's republic of China is dried root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) of Campanulaceae, Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.
The codonopsis pilosula is mainly produced in Weiyuan, Zhangzhou, Min county, Lin \27950and other counties in Gansu province, is an intersection zone of the edges of the loess plateau and two large geological structure units at the west end of the west Qinling mountains, and is positioned between 104 degrees 02 'to 104 degrees 49' of east longitude and 33 degrees 26 'to 35 degrees 07' of north latitude. Radix Codonopsis has effects of enhancing organism immunity, resisting tumor and oxidation. The radix Codonopsis polysaccharide is one of the main effective components of radix Codonopsis, and has effects of enhancing immunity, resisting oxidation, resisting aging, stimulating hematopoiesis, resisting tumor, and improving memory. The pharmacological effects of the codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide are related to researches in other fields besides the aspects, such as blood sugar reduction, digestion capacity improvement, neural stem cell protection, anti-stress and anti-inflammatory effects and the like.
Base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are applied in the planting process of the codonopsis pilosula, so that the codonopsis pilosula can be promoted to grow. At present, the patent documents about the codonopsis pilosula planting technology and the fertilization scheme are less, and the fertilization scheme is not established aiming at the purpose of improving the content of the codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide. For example, the invention of application publication No. CN 101891537A discloses a long-acting slow-release fertilizer special for radix Codonopsis, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fertilizer special for radix Codonopsis contains urea, triple superphosphate or phosphoric acid di-press, potassium sulfate, a fertilizer long-acting agent and medium trace elements. The long-acting slow-release fertilizer special for the codonopsis pilosula can overcome the defects of low fertilizer utilization rate, poor fertilizer efficiency durability, inconvenience in application and the like in the prior art, and mainly aims to improve the yield of the codonopsis pilosula.
The invention of application publication number CN 106365725A discloses a fertilizing method and a fertilizer for vegetarian codonopsis pilosula, wherein the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing farmyard manure, borax, zinc sulfate and corn straw biochar one week before the codonopsis pilosula is transplanted, and ploughing into soil; when the codonopsis pilosula is transplanted, the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 40% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and 40% of the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer; 40% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the vigorous long-term additional fertilizer for the vegetarian codonopsis pilosula, and 40% of the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is used as the vigorous long-term additional fertilizer for the vegetarian codonopsis pilosula; 20 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the topdressing of the vegetarian codonopsis pilosula in the bud period, and 20 percent of the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is used as the topdressing of the vegetarian codonopsis pilosula in the bud period. The invention also aims to improve the yield of radix codonopsitis, and can also improve the content of lobetyolin, thereby fully exerting the economic benefit of the fertilizer.
The invention of application publication number CN 107996332A discloses a planting method of radix codonopsis, and the planting field arrangement steps are as follows: the land is turned deeply by 25-27 cm, and before turning deeply, 2500kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 10-15kg of calcium superphosphate, 8-10 kg of urea, 15-20kg of potassium sulfate and 10-13kg of soil conditioner are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer, and simultaneously, 40-50kg of quicklime is uniformly spread to each mu of land, and then the land is used as a furrow with the width of 1.5-2.0 m. The invention mainly aims to improve the germination rate of codonopsis pilosula seeds and the survival rate of codonopsis pilosula seedlings.
The fertilization scheme of the patent documents can promote the growth of the codonopsis pilosula and improve the yield, but has little effect on improving the content of the codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide serving as an effective component. At present, no fertilization scheme aiming at improving the content of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide is available.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a codonopsis pilosula planting method and a codonopsis pilosula processing method. The planting method can remarkably improve polysaccharide content of radix Codonopsis.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a planting method of codonopsis pilosula, which comprises the following steps: applying a compound fertilizer during the planting period of the codonopsis pilosula, wherein the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, urea and calcium superphosphate; the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
6-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate
3.5-6.5 kg/mu of urea
3-6.5 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate;
the compound fertilizer is applied for three times, which are respectively as follows:
applying a base fertilizer in 4 months before transplanting, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer accounts for 45-55% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
performing first additional fertilization in 5 months, wherein the application amount of the first additional fertilization accounts for 25-35% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
and performing secondary topdressing in 6 months, and topdressing the residual compound fertilizer.
According to the fertilization scheme provided by the invention, on the basis of optimizing the fertilization formula, a potassium fertilizer, a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer are mixed according to a specific proportion and are applied to the codonopsis pilosula planting plots for multiple times to be combined with the plot nutrients. The invention applies fertilizer by selecting proper fertilizer types and matching and a specific fertilizer application mode, has reasonable component matching and is suitable for the growth of the codonopsis pilosula. Experimental results show that the fertilizer formula is particularly suitable for the growth of codonopsis pilosula, the polysaccharide content of the codonopsis pilosula obtained by planting is high and stable, the finished product rate after processing is high, and the processed codonopsis pilosula has high polysaccharide content, so that the fertilizer formula has wide application prospect and medicinal value.
Preferably, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
potassium sulfate 7 kg/mu
The calcium superphosphate is 4.5 kg/mu.
In a specific embodiment provided by the invention, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
potassium sulfate 6 kg/mu
6.5 kg/mu urea
3 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate.
In another embodiment provided by the invention, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate
Urea 3.5 kg/mu
The calcium superphosphate is 6.5 kg/mu.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is applied in three times, which are respectively:
applying a base fertilizer in 4 months before transplanting, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer accounts for 50% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
performing first topdressing in 5 months, wherein the application amount of the first topdressing accounts for 30% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
and performing secondary topdressing in 6 months, and topdressing the residual compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the first top dressing is performed before and after raining, and the second top dressing is performed before and after raining.
The planting method also comprises the steps of seedling raising, transplanting and field management, wherein the field management comprises irrigation and drainage, weeding, pest control and harvesting.
Preferably, the Codonopsis pilosula seedlings used for transplanting are seedlings with 1-2 bud eyes which grow in one year.
The invention also provides a codonopsis pilosula planting and processing method, wherein a compound fertilizer is applied during the codonopsis pilosula planting period, and the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, urea and calcium superphosphate; the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
6-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate
3.5-6.5 kg/mu of urea
3-6.5 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate;
the compound fertilizer is applied for three times, which are respectively as follows:
applying a base fertilizer in 4 months before transplanting, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer accounts for 45-55% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
performing first additional fertilization in 5 months, wherein the application amount of the first additional fertilization accounts for 25-35% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
performing secondary topdressing in 6 months, and topdressing the residual compound fertilizer;
and processing the fresh codonopsis pilosula after harvesting, wherein the processing comprises stringing, drying and kneading.
Preferably, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
potassium sulfate 7 kg/mu
The calcium superphosphate is 4.5 kg/mu.
In a specific embodiment provided by the invention, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
potassium sulfate 6 kg/mu
6.5 kg/mu urea
3 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate.
In another embodiment provided by the invention, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate
Urea 3.5 kg/mu
The calcium superphosphate is 6.5 kg/mu.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is applied in three times, which are respectively:
applying a base fertilizer in 4 months before transplanting, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer accounts for 50% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
performing first topdressing in 5 months, wherein the application amount of the first topdressing accounts for 30% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
and performing secondary topdressing in 6 months, and topdressing the residual compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the first top dressing is performed before and after raining, and the second top dressing is performed before and after raining.
The planting method also comprises the steps of seedling raising, transplanting and field management, wherein the field management comprises irrigation and drainage, weeding, pest control and harvesting.
Preferably, the Codonopsis pilosula seedlings used for transplanting are seedlings with 1-2 bud eyes which grow in one year.
Preferably, the drying temperature is-10-18 ℃, the humidity is 45-75%, and the time is 40-60 d.
Preferably, the drying is carried out in the sun or in the shade.
Preferably, the kneading times are 4-11 times, the time interval of each kneading is 5-10 days, and 3-5 times of manual kneading are carried out each time in the kneading process.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the processing steps of the codonopsis pilosula are as follows:
eradicating the dug stems and leaves, removing diseased plants and sundries, shaking off soil, stringing the stems and leaves into strings by using a thin thread, hanging or spreading the strings on a bamboo foil at a dry, ventilated and light-transmitting position or on a dry and flat ground for airing for 5 days, when the strings are soft and are not easy to break, rolling the dangshen strings into cylindrical outer-wrapped gunny bags, gently rubbing the cylindrical outer-wrapped gunny bags, rolling the gunny bags 3-5 times each time, rubbing the cylindrical outer-wrapped gunny bags once every airing for 5-10 days, repeatedly rubbing the cylindrical outer-wrapped gunny bags 4-11 times, and drying until the water content.
Preferably, the harvesting time is 10 months and 20 days to the next year, 1 month and 20 days.
Preferably, the fresh radix Codonopsis is processed by selecting radix Codonopsis with diameter of above 0.6 cm.
The invention provides a planting method and a processing method of codonopsis pilosula. The planting method comprises the following steps: applying a compound fertilizer during the planting period of the codonopsis pilosula, wherein the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, urea and calcium superphosphate; the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows: 6-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 3.5-6.5 kg/mu of urea and 3-6.5 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate; the compound fertilizer is applied for three times, which are respectively as follows: applying a base fertilizer in 4 months before transplanting, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer accounts for 45-55% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer; performing first additional fertilization in 5 months, wherein the application amount of the first additional fertilization accounts for 25-35% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer; and performing secondary topdressing in 6 months, and topdressing the residual compound fertilizer. The invention has the technical effects that:
according to the fertilization scheme provided by the invention, on the basis of optimizing the fertilization formula, a potassium fertilizer, a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer are mixed according to a specific proportion and are applied to the codonopsis pilosula planting plots for multiple times to be combined with the plot nutrients. The invention applies fertilizer by selecting proper fertilizer types and matching and a specific fertilizer application mode, has reasonable component matching and is suitable for the growth of the codonopsis pilosula. Experimental results show that the fertilizer formula is particularly suitable for the growth of codonopsis pilosula, the polysaccharide content of the codonopsis pilosula obtained by planting is high and stable, the finished product rate after processing is high, and the codonopsis pilosula has high polysaccharide content through a special processing technology, so that the codonopsis pilosula fertilizer has wide application prospect and medicinal value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the yield of Codonopsis pilosula from each group;
FIG. 2 shows the content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides in each group;
FIG. 3 shows the yield of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides from each group.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a planting method of codonopsis pilosula and a processing method thereof, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve process parameters by referring to the content of the codonopsis pilosula. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The codonopsis pilosula planting method and the fertilizer, pesticide or equipment used in the processing method can be purchased from the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 6kg of potassium sulfate, 6.5kg of urea and 3kg of calcium superphosphate.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
weighing potassium sulfate containing K according to the formula2O is more than or equal to 50%: calcium superphosphate, containing P2O5More than or equal to 11%: urea, N content is more than or equal to 46 percent. The fertilizing time is 4 months, 5 months and 6 months, the dosage of the 1 st time is 50 percent of the dosage of the year, the dosage of the 2 nd time is 30 percent, and the dosage of the 3 rd time is 20 percent.
The first fertilization is used as a base fertilizer before transplanting and soil preparation, and the second and third topdressing are carried out, wherein the best time is before and after raining in 5 and 6 months.
(III) planting management method:
1) seedling and transplanting:
preferably, seedling cultivation is carried out one year, 1-2 bud-eye seedlings are selected, diseased and defective seedlings are removed, the seedlings are obliquely placed on one side of a furrow slope with the gradient smaller than 45 degrees according to the row spacing of 20cm, the head of each seedling is 2-3 cm away from the soil plane, and then the soil covers the root by 2-3 cm. 30-40 kg of seedlings are used per mu. The transplanting time is from 3 late months to 4 early months; selecting cloudy days or in the morning and evening, and transplanting the seedlings along with the selection.
2) Management of field
a) The surface of the furrow is kept moist before the seedlings emerge, water is allowed to slowly flow into the furrow after the seedlings emerge, and watering is not needed when the seedlings grow to be more than 15 cm. And paying attention to drainage in rainy season.
b) Before closing row, the intertillage weed-removing seedlings should be weeded and loosened, and the reed heads are prevented from being exposed out of the ground by earthing up. The loose soil is shallow to prevent the ginseng roots from being damaged, the first weeding is carried out after the seedlings are transplanted and emerge evenly, the second intertillage weeding is carried out when the seedlings are 10-15 cm high, the weeding is carried out for 3 times after the seedlings are transplanted, and weeds appearing later are pulled out in time.
3) Pest control
The root rot can be prevented by spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder once every 7 days for 2-3 times; 5 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder 500 times liquid or 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid is sprayed or irrigated at the early stage of disease occurrence. Or spraying or irrigating the roots with a 500-fold liquid of 65% wettable mancozeb.
And (3) spraying 15% triadimefon 1000-fold liquid at the initial stage of rust disease and powdery mildew.
The grub, cutworm and red spider can be made by parching 5kg of bait (wheat bran and corn particles) to fragrant, mixing with 0.15kg of 90% dipterex 30 times liquid, adding water, stirring to wet, and spreading between seedlings for preventing and treating. The application amount is 2-3 kg/mu, and the spreading effect is best in windless and sultry evening.
4) Harvesting management
After the overground part withers in autumn, firstly cutting off ginseng vines, reserving vine piles of 15-20 cm, and then digging out ginseng roots without damaging the ginseng roots.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
Eradicating the dug stems and leaves, removing diseased plants and sundries, shaking off soil, stringing the stems and leaves into strings with the length of 1 meter by using a thin thread, drying the strings at the temperature of-10 to 18 ℃, the humidity of 45 to 75 percent and the time of 40 to 60 days, and specifically comprising the following steps: firstly hanging or spreading on a bamboo foil at a dry, ventilated and light-transmitting position or drying on a flat ground for airing for 5 days, when the bamboo foil is soft and is not easy to break, rolling the dangshen strings into cylindrical wrapped gunny bags, gently rubbing the wrapped gunny bags with feet, rolling the gunny bags 4 times each time, rubbing the wrapped bunny bags once every 7 days for airing, repeatedly rubbing the wrapped bunny bags 6-7 times, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 15%. And (4) putting the dried codonopsis pilosula in a ventilation drying place for storage.
2) Storage of
Storage is by keeping it in a cool, dry and ventilated place. The storage temperature is below 28 ℃, and the safe relative humidity is 55-75%.
Example 2
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 7kg of potassium sulfate, 5kg of urea and 4.5kg of calcium superphosphate.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
weighing potassium sulfate containing K according to the formula2O is more than or equal to 50%: calcium superphosphate, containing P2O5More than or equal to 11%: urea, N content is more than or equal to 46 percent. Before transplanting and turning over the ground, potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a certain proportion and are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture is turned over the ground and prepared and is used as a base fertilizer during transplanting. The fertilizing time is 4 months, 5 months and 6 months, the dosage of the 1 st time is 50 percent of the dosage of the year, the dosage of the 2 nd time is 30 percent, and the dosage of the 3 rd time is 20 percent. The first fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer before transplanting and soil preparation.
The second fertilization time is 5 months, and potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a proportion before raining and are uniformly mixed and broadcast.
And the third time of topdressing is carried out for 6 months, and potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a proportion before raining and are uniformly mixed and spread.
(III) planting management method:
method as in example 1
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
Eradicating the dug residual stems and leaves, removing diseased plants and sundries, shaking off soil, classifying according to size, selecting a codonopsis pilosula raw material with the diameter of more than 0.6cm, stringing the codonopsis pilosula raw material into strings with the length of 1 meter by using thin wires, and drying at the temperature of-10 to 18 ℃, at the humidity of 45 to 75 percent for 40 to 60 days, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, hanging a dry ventilated light-transmitting part, after airing for 5 days, aligning the string head parts of the codonopsis pilosula when the codonopsis pilosula is soft and not easy to break, rolling the codonopsis pilosula into a cylinder shape, wrapping the codonopsis pilosula by a hemp bag, placing the bagged codonopsis pilosula on the ground, pressing the bagged codonopsis pilosula on the hemp roll by one foot, gently rubbing the bagged codonopsis pilosula back and forth, rolling the hemp bag for 3 times, rubbing the bagged codonopsis pilosula once every 6 days, repeatedly rubbing the bagged codonopsis pilosula. And (4) putting the dried codonopsis pilosula in a ventilation drying place for storage.
2) Storage of
Storage is by keeping it in a cool, dry and ventilated place. The storage temperature is below 28 ℃, and the safe relative humidity is 55-75%.
Example 3
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 8kg of potassium sulfate, 3.5kg of urea and 6.5kg of calcium superphosphate.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
the same as in example 1.
(III) planting management method:
the process was carried out as in example 1.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
2) Storage of
The process was carried out as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 13kg of urea and 8kg of calcium superphosphate.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
the same as in example 1.
(III) planting management method:
the process was carried out as in example 1.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
2) Storage of
The process was carried out as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 16kg of compound fertilizer and 5kg of urea.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
the same as in example 1.
(III) planting management method:
the process was carried out as in example 1.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
2) Storage of
The process was carried out as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 16kg of compound fertilizer and 5kg of urea.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
the same as in example 1.
(III) planting management method:
the process was carried out as in example 1.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
2) Storage of
The process was carried out as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
One) codonopsis pilosula planting and fertilizing formula:
fertilizing amount per mu: 10kg of compound fertilizer and 11kg of urea.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
the same as in example 1.
(III) planting management method:
the process was carried out as in example 1.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
2) Storage of
The process was carried out as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 7kg of potassium sulfate, 5kg of urea and 4.5kg of calcium superphosphate.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
weighing potassium sulfate containing K according to the formula2O is more than or equal to 50%: calcium superphosphate, containing P2O5More than or equal to 11%: urea, N content is more than or equal to 46 percent. Before transplanting and turning over the soil, potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a certain proportion, uniformly mixed and then turned over to form the soilAnd the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer during land and transplanting. The fertilizing time is 4 months, 5 months and 6 months, the dosage of the 1 st time is 50 percent of the dosage of the year, the dosage of the 2 nd time is 30 percent, and the dosage of the 3 rd time is 20 percent. The first fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer before transplanting and soil preparation.
The second fertilization time is 5 months, and potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a proportion before raining and are uniformly mixed and broadcast.
And the third time of topdressing is carried out for 6 months, and potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a proportion before raining and are uniformly mixed and spread.
(III) planting management method:
the process was carried out as in example 1.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
Eliminating residual stem and leaf, removing diseased plant and sundries, shaking off soil, grading according to size, selecting radix Codonopsis with diameter of 0.6cm or more, stringing into 1m long string with thread, hanging dry, ventilating and light-transmitting part, and air drying until water content is less than or equal to 15%. And (4) putting the dried codonopsis pilosula in a ventilation drying place for storage.
2) Storage of
Storage is by keeping it in a cool, dry and ventilated place. The storage temperature is below 28 ℃, and the safe relative humidity is 55-75%.
Comparative example 6
The formula of the fertilizer for planting the codonopsis pilosula comprises the following components:
fertilizing amount per mu: 7kg of potassium sulfate, 5kg of urea and 4.5kg of calcium superphosphate.
(II) fertilizing scheme:
weighing potassium sulfate containing K according to the formula2O is more than or equal to 50%: calcium superphosphate, containing P2O5More than or equal to 11%: urea, N content is more than or equal to 46 percent. Before transplanting and turning over the ground, potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a certain proportion and are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture is turned over the ground and prepared and is used as a base fertilizer during transplanting. The fertilizing time is 4 months, 5 months and 6 months, the dosage of the 1 st time is 50 percent of the dosage of the year, the dosage of the 2 nd time is 30 percent, and the dosage of the 3 rd time is 20 percent. The first fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer before transplanting and soil preparation.
The second fertilization time is 5 months, and potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a proportion before raining and are uniformly mixed and broadcast.
And the third time of topdressing is carried out for 6 months, and potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and urea are weighed according to a proportion before raining and are uniformly mixed and spread.
(III) planting management method:
the process was carried out as in example 1.
(IV) processing management and storage:
1) processing management
Eliminating residual stem and leaf, removing diseased plant and sundries, shaking off soil, grading according to size, selecting radix Codonopsis with diameter of over 0.6cm, stringing into 1m long string with thread, hanging dry, ventilating and light-transmitting part, air drying, softening, and drying until water content is less than or equal to 15%. And (4) putting the dried codonopsis pilosula in a ventilation drying place for storage.
2) Storage of
Storage is by keeping it in a cool, dry and ventilated place. The storage temperature is below 28 ℃, and the safe relative humidity is 55-75%.
Test example 1 measurement of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide content
(first) sample preparation
Taking examples 1-3 and comparative examples respectively, placing about 0.25g of fine powder of a codonopsis pilosula medicinal material sample dried to constant weight at 60 ℃, precisely weighing, placing the fine powder in a round-bottom flask, adding 150mL of 80% ethanol, placing the flask in a water bath, heating and refluxing for 1 hour, filtering while hot, washing residues for 3 times with 80% hot ethanol, 10mL each time, placing the residues and filter paper in the flask, adding 150mL of water, placing the flask in a boiling water bath, heating and refluxing for 1 hour, filtering while hot, washing the residues and the flask with hot water for 4 times, 10mL each time, combining filtrate and washing liquor, cooling, transferring the obtained product to a 250mL measuring flask, adding water to scale, shaking up, precisely weighing 2mL, fixing the volume to a 10mL volumetric flask, precisely weighing 1mL, placing the obtained product in a 10mL drying test tube with a plug, precisely adding 1mL of 5% phenol solution (prepared), shaking up, precisely adding 5mL of sulfuric acid again, shaking up, placing the obtained product in a boiling water bath, heating for 20 minutes, taking out, placing, and (3) determining the absorbance at 490nm wavelength by using a corresponding reagent as a blank and according to an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (appendix VA), reading the concentration (mg/mL) of anhydrous glucose in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculating to obtain the glucose concentration detection reagent.
Standard curve of
Precisely measuring reference substance solutions 0.2mL, 0.4mL, 0.6mL, 0.8mL and 1.0mL, respectively placing in 10mL test tubes with plugs, respectively adding water to supplement to 1.0mL, precisely adding 5% phenol solution 1mL (prepared for clinical use), shaking up, precisely adding 5mL sulfuric acid, shaking up, placing in a boiling water bath for heating for 20 minutes, taking out, placing in an ice bath for cooling for 5 minutes, taking corresponding reagents as blank, and measuring absorbance at 490nm wavelength by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (appendix VA), taking the absorbance as ordinate, taking the concentration as abscissa, drawing a standard curve, and finding the result in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Standard Curve equation for glucose solutions
| Reference substance | Linear equation of equations | R2 | Linear Range (mg) |
| Glucose | y＝66.341x+0.0073 | 0.9995 | 0.022～0.11 |
(III) measurement of sample
And (3) detecting according to the content determination method, analyzing the polysaccharide content in the codonopsis pilosula in examples 1-3 and comparative examples, and performing variance analysis on the polysaccharide content in the codonopsis pilosula by using SPSS 21.0 software. The yield data of radix Codonopsis is shown in Table 2 and FIG. 1, the polysaccharide content of radix Codonopsis is shown in Table 3 and FIG. 2, the polysaccharide yield is shown in Table 4 and FIG. 3, and the detection results are as follows:
TABLE 2 Codonopsis pilosula yield
TABLE 3 Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide content
TABLE 4 Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide yield
Note: polysaccharide yield (kg/mu) yield (Codonopsis pilosula yield) polysaccharide content
The test results show that the yield, polysaccharide content and polysaccharide yield of the codonopsis pilosula in the schemes of examples 1 to 3 are obviously higher than those of the codonopsis pilosula in the schemes of comparative examples (P is less than 0.05).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for planting and processing codonopsis pilosula is characterized in that a compound fertilizer is applied during the planting period of the codonopsis pilosula, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of potassium sulfate, urea and calcium superphosphate; the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is as follows:
6-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate
3.5-6.5 kg/mu of urea
3-6.5 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate;
the compound fertilizer is applied for three times, which respectively comprises the following components:
applying a base fertilizer before transplanting in 4 months, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer accounts for 50% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
performing first topdressing in 5 months, wherein the application amount of the first topdressing accounts for 30% of the total application amount of the compound fertilizer;
performing secondary topdressing in 6 months, and topdressing the residual compound fertilizer;
processing the fresh codonopsis pilosula after harvesting, wherein the processing comprises stringing, drying and kneading;
the drying temperature is-10-18 ℃, the humidity is 45% -75%, and the time is 40-60 d; the drying mode is sun drying or shade drying;
the kneading frequency is 4-11 times, the time interval of each kneading is 5-10 days, and 3-5 times of manual kneading are carried out each time in the kneading process.
2. The planting processing method of claim 1, wherein the total amount of compound fertilizer applied is:
potassium sulfate 7 kg/mu
Urea 5 kg/mu
The calcium superphosphate is 4.5 kg/mu.
3. The planting processing method according to claim 1, wherein the first topdressing is performed before and after raining, and the second topdressing is performed before and after raining.
4. The planting processing method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of growing seedlings, transplanting, and field management, wherein the field management comprises irrigation and drainage, weeding, pest control, and harvesting.
5. The planting processing method according to claim 4, wherein the Codonopsis pilosula seedlings for transplanting are seedlings with 1-2 bud eyes for one year of seedling cultivation.
6. The planting processing method of claim 1, wherein the harvesting time is 10 months and 20 days to 1 month and 20 days in the next year.
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| 大宁党参高产栽培技术;陈永春;《南方农业》;20071115(第06期);第54-55页 * |
| 氮磷钾肥平衡施用对素花党参产量的影响;张邦喜等;《贵州农业科学》;20170215(第2期);第138-141页 * |
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