CN1090896C - High-yield litchi cultivation method including grafting one-year old sapling and bearing fruits in two years after grafting - Google Patents
High-yield litchi cultivation method including grafting one-year old sapling and bearing fruits in two years after grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN1090896C CN1090896C CN99116253A CN99116253A CN1090896C CN 1090896 C CN1090896 C CN 1090896C CN 99116253 A CN99116253 A CN 99116253A CN 99116253 A CN99116253 A CN 99116253A CN 1090896 C CN1090896 C CN 1090896C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a high-yield litchi culture method for biennial harvest by planting annual grafted seedlings. The culture method comprises good land selection, good seedling selection, enough base fertilizer application, rational close planting, rational fertilizer application, reasonable pruning, frequent prevention and early treatment of insect pests, tip control, flower promotion, flower protection, fruit retention and measure adoption after picking fruits. By the present invention, the annual grafted seedlings of litchis can be planted to obtain fruits and a rich harvest through two years. The method has the advantages of simple and feasible manufacturing technology, little investment and high benefit. The present invention can be widely suitable for the high-yield culture with early harvest of litchis, and is particularly suitable for the high-yield culture for biennial harvest by planting annual grafted seedlings of Feizixiao and Zhongshan Zhuangyuanhong litchis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit growing method.
Background technology
Entrust Guangdong Science and Technology Information Inst.'s update search the applicant, finish one on June 7, in 999 is numbered pertinent literature in 990462 the scientific and technological information novelty assessment report: " bosom branch lichee is downgraded dense planting early fruiting and high yield culture technique research " Chinese fruit tree " 1994.1.P1 ", be that Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences was from 82 years, with bosom branch kind is the examination material, downgrade the research of dense planting early fruiting and high yield complex art, three annual bearings of planting.Domesticly look into new conclusion: " at present domestic do not see that the annual litchi graft seedling of employing is arranged, the bibliographical information of the lichee high-yield cultivation technique research of field planting two annual bearings ".
One on June 15, in 999, Guangdong Province Jiangmen city Science and Technology Commission organizes a meeting and identifies the applicant's scientific and technological achievement " imperial concubine laughs at lichee two annual bearing high-yield cultivating methods ", identify that unit of committee can be made up of seven experts of five units such as academy of agricultural sciences, Guangdong Province fruit tree research institute, scientific research offices of Agricultural University Of South China, the evaluation meeting conclusion: " imperial concubine laughs at the annual grafting of lichee and planted 2 years; 2.2 meters * 2.4 meters on tree crown (height of tree tree width of cloth); strain rate as a result 70%; average strain is produced 5 kilograms; amount to 175～210 kilograms of per mu yields, and the highest strain is produced 8 kilograms.Take the lead in reaching target at home than the annual grafting two annual bearings high yield of establishing in large scale; " imperial concubine laughs at lichee two annual bearing high-yield cultivating methods " has novelty, and operability is beneficial to large tracts of land and promotes; This method reaches leading domestic level, and economic and social benefit is remarkable, can large tracts of land promotes ".
The field of lichee cultivation method is selected before, and seedling selection, field planting and management are unreasonable, cause the extensive plantation in land for growing field crops, and survival rate is low, and growth rate is slow, and it is uneven to grow, and 4 years ability of field planting result ties low yield late.
Water and soil conservation is not paid attention in the mountain region that the field multiselect of existing lichee cultivation method is anhydrous, do not have electricity, and soil easily hardens, and gas permeability is poor, and heavy rain in the chance, the big or fruit cave ponding of water and soil loss cause that seedling rots root, influences seedling early growth; The transplanting grafting that seedling selects the laterite sand to cultivate in 2 years, root system is undeveloped, and the field planting survival rate is low, has only about 70%, fill the gaps with seedlings, and seedling early growth can not uniformity, neatly speed life; Field planting adopts 6 meters * 5 meters of seeding row spacings, every 666.7M
2Plantation 30 to 40 strains, decide cave dig a pit, hole, etc. 0.8 meter * 0.6 meter (wide * dark), every cave adds phosphate fertilizer, farmyard manure, native skin mud and soil are mixed back plantation seedling thoroughly, so do not improve the soil through deep ploughing in the field, loosing soil, gas permeability, drainage are poor, the base manure deficiency, be unfavorable for that the fruit seedling grows fast, plant thinlyyer, be difficult to get bumper crops; Fertilising partially to fertilize, pig cow dung, farmyard manure, earsh fertilising, winter top dressing, Hua Qianfei, fruit-promoting fertilizer, adopt before fertile fertilising not enough, unreasonable, make fruit tree can't grow early fruiting and high yield fast; Prune and only wipe out water sprout, intersection branch, cloudy branch, cause fruit tree easily to increase growth, do not reach the dwarfing dense planting, early fruiting and high yield; The extermination of disease and insect pest is paid little attention to, and finds just to spray medicine when damage by disease and insect is serious, influences fruit tree and grows fast, normal fruit moth, the influence fruit quality of taking place; Controlling the treetops and hastening blossom sprays ethrel or paclobutrazol, and ethrel sprays inappropriate meeting and causes the yellow leaf of fruit tree, influence
Growing situation: flower and fruit protecting sprays conditioning agents such as fruit Trane or drop-proof agent, and effect is good inadequately.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the plant cultivation method of two annual bearings high yields of the annual grafting of a kind of lichee, the cultivation method that is provided makes the annual grafting of lichee plant the back survival rate more than 95%, and growth is consistent fast, two annual bearings, shortening fruit seedling fruiting period, and high yield significantly, high-quality.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the plant cultivation method of two annual bearings high yields of the annual grafting of a kind of lichee is characterized in that: choose the field, choose seedling, use sufficient the base manure rational close planting, the rational application of fertilizer, pruning rationally, damage by disease and insect are diligently anti-ly early controlled, controlling the treetops and hastening blossom, flower and fruit protecting, pluck fruit back measure step as follows:
1) said choose the field be select that water power is arranged, sunny, mountain region, gentle slope that soil layer is deep, fertile, all the fields deep ploughing is 0.8～1 meter, shines white;
2) the said seedling of choosing is to select limb stalwartness, well developed root system, annual grafting, does not use the Device for digging up seedling lifting;
3) said use sufficient the base manure rational close planting be March to June, whenever spread manuer in holes and put 3～5 kilograms of poultry-dungs, 0.5～1 kilogram of bone meal is mixed back plantation seedling, 4 meters * 3.5 meters or 3 meters * 3 meters of spacing in the rows, every 666.7m thoroughly with soil
2Plantation 50～60 strains;
4) the said rational application of fertilizer be that seedling plantation adopts that duty is executed in 1 year, thin fertilise, once every fertilising in 25 days～28 days, fertilizer was executed one time in the seedling plantation every 40 days after 1 year; Fertilizer of late August ditch spread, chemical fertilizer of late September heavy dressing, the aging back of the autumn growth blade of putting sprayed one time foliage fertilizer, high-quality fertilizer of heavy dressing in winter in per 20 days, see and spend back potassium application and high-quality composite fertilizer, the Shaoshi chemical fertilizer is executed foliage fertilizer in 50 days as a result, organic fertilizer after 50 days as a result, be affixed by an amount of chemical fertilizer, execute quick-acting fertilizer before plucking fruit, fertilising is based on fertilizer, foliage fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is auxilliary;
5) said reasonable pruning is in 1～10 day the seedling mobile jib to be wiped out with the upper part for 20 centimetres after the plantation, divide to plant for the first time and only stay 2 to 3 buds, every basic tip sprouting simple bud is wiped out later on, the part that each branch has water sprout to surpass 40 centimetres in time cuts off, and every square metre of tree face stays 33～35 at the healthy and strong last tip;
6) the said extermination of disease and insect pest is in good time, an amount of pesticide protection, sprouts every 8～10 days pesticides once from the each young sprout of earsh, and aging until the branch blade, young fruit period rises every 8～10 days pesticides once, and various agricultural chemicals alternately spray;
7) said controlling the treetops and hastening blossom is to adopt physics, chemical regulation, cooperate ring to prick, once " flowers and fruits are many " medicine was sprayed in the aging back of autumn growth blade after setting in 1 year every 25～30 days, totally 2～3 times, prick with the iron wire ring at the fruit tree mobile jib,, all relax iron wire until the tip florescence in spring, sprout the winter tip winter, kill the winter tip with quick-acting " killing tip element ";
8) said guarantor's flowers and fruits were that Hua Sui dredges and to go 1/3～1/2, for the first time during physiological fallen fruit, sprayed once " fruit rich " medicine every 28～30 days, and totally 2～3 times, in the mobile jib girdling once, girdling is once again behind the physiological fallen fruit for the second time;
9) the said really back measure of plucking is to pluck really to adopt the retraction pruning method in back 7 days, makes the height of tree be stabilized in 2.3～2.5 meters, fertilizer of heavy dressing, application fertilizer.
Embodiment
Further specify embodiments of the present invention and effect with following non-limiting embodiment.
Select to have a good transport service in example one field, water power is arranged, sit north orientation south, soil layer is deep, fertile mountain region, gentle slope, with excavator deep ploughed 1 meter in full field earlier, solarization is white, and the imperial concubine annual, that root system is very flourishing of the living high-quality litchi of the two wawter blooms of the seed selection Xin Huishi of Guangdong Province seedling field cultivation laughs at the litchi graft seedling, do not use the Device for digging up seedling lifting, keep complete mud head and fibrous root, be survival rate after the field planting more than 95%, Xin Gen and shoot growth are fast, neat and consistent lays the foundation.Field planting March to June, 4 meters * 3.3 meters or 3 meters * 3 meters of spacing in the rows, every 666.8m
2Plantation 50 to 60 strains, each is spreaded manuer in holes and imitates 3 kilograms of chicken droppings, and 0.5 kilogram of bone meal is mixed back plantation seedling thoroughly with soil.The rational application of fertilizer, adopt have gently have heavy and light heavily combination in good time, an amount of, suitable imitate based on high-quality fertilizer, foliage fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is the rational application of fertilizer method of assisting.Seedling plantation adopts in 1 year that duty is executed, thin fertilise, every about 28 days fertilising once, the peanut press pulp liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed every 40 days left and right sides Shi Yici in addition; Plant after 1 year, executed the peanut press pulp liquid manure that once becomes thoroughly decomposed every 40 days, late August, chemical fertilizer of every strain heavy dressing of late September was that two annual bearer autumn growths are layed foundation at tree crown drip hyposulculus organic fertilizer; Enrich foliage fertilizer " polynary nucleic acid " after the autumn growth blade of putting is aging, sprayed once in per about 20 days, every strain heavy dressing ditch spread in winter high-quality fertilizer; See and spend back potassium application and high-quality composite fertilizer; The Shaoshi chemical fertilizer is executed foliage fertilizer " polynary nucleic acid " in 50 days as a result; Begin to execute the peanut press pulp liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed after 50 days as a result, be affixed by an amount of chemical fertilizer; Execute quick-acting fertilizer before plucking fruit.Pay attention to reasonable pruning, in 1 to 10 day, the seedling mobile jib is wiped out with the upper part for 20 centimetres after the plantation, branch only stays 2 to 3 buds for the first time, later on every basic tip is sprouted simple bud and is wiped out, and promotes multi-branched, and each branch has water sprout to surpass 40 centimetres in time to cut off with upper part.The extermination of disease and insect pest is to adopt diligent anti-early controlling, and in good time, an amount of, the suitable spray medicine of imitating is protected, and from earsh, each young sprout is sprouted the beginning insect protected, and is every 10 days pesticides once, aging until the branch blade; Young fruit period rises, every spray efficient hundred in 8～10 days can or the anti-stinkbug of agricultural chemicals such as Xing Mianbao, fruit is annotated worm etc., sprays hundred bacterium fire-fighting charcoals and chews disease.Once " flowers and fruits are many " medicine is sprayed in the aging back of the autumn growth blade of controlling the treetops and hastening blossom after setting in 1 year every about 30 days, and totally 2～3 times, prick with the iron wire ring at the fruit tree mobile jib, until the tip florescence in spring, all relax iron wire; Sprout the winter tip winter, kill the winter tip with quick-acting " killing tip element ".Protecting flowers and fruits and be Hua Sui dredges and goes 1/3; Each time during physiological fallen fruit, spray " fruit rich " medicine once every about 30 days, totally 2～3 times, in the mobile jib girdling once; For the second time girdling is once again behind the physiological fallen fruit.Pluck the fruit back and adopt retraction to prune, make tree crown be stabilized in 2.3～2.5 meters, peanut press pulp fertilizer of heavy dressing, the getting fat chemical fertilizer is strengthened the control of damage by disease and insect worm, promotes to sprout 2 to 3 autumn growths.Can reach the imperial concubine and laugh at the annual grafting of lichee two annual bearings of planting, height of tree tree 2.2 meters * 2.4 meters, strain rate as a result 70%, average strain is produced 5 kilograms, 175～210 kilograms of the per mu yields of turning back, and the highest strain is produced 8 kilograms, 1 year result high yield still, the effect that cost is more lower slightly than cultivation method of the same type.
Example two is selected the annual grafting of middle mountain high quality Shaoxing wine lichee of well developed root system.All the other are partly identical with example one.
Example three is selected the annual grafting of other kind lichee of well developed root system.All the other are partly identical with example one.
The advantage of the inventive method is the survival rate height, and growth speed is fast, and the phase lacks as a result, and the high yield high-quality is a kind of innovation Cultural method with high benefit.
Claims (1)
1, the annual grafting of a kind of lichee cultivation method of two annual bearings high yields of planting is characterized in that: choose the field, choose seedling, use sufficient the base manure rational close planting, the rational application of fertilizer, pruning rationally, damage by disease and insect are diligently anti-ly early controlled, controlling the treetops and hastening blossom, flower and fruit protecting, pluck fruit back measure step as follows:
1) said choose the field be select that water power is arranged, sunny, mountain region, gentle slope that soil layer is deep, fertile, all the fields deep ploughing is 0.8～1 meter, shines white;
2) the said seedling of choosing is to select limb stalwartness, well developed root system, annual grafting, does not use the Device for digging up seedling lifting;
3) said use sufficient the base manure rational close planting be March to June, whenever spread manuer in holes and put 3～5 kilograms of poultry-dungs, 0.5～1 kilogram of bone meal is mixed back plantation seedling, 4 meters * 3.5 meters or 3 meters * 3 meters of spacing in the rows, every 666.7m thoroughly with soil
2Plantation 50～60 strains;
4) the said rational application of fertilizer be that seedling plantation adopts that duty is executed in 1 year, thin fertilise, once every fertilising in 25 days～28 days, fertilizer was executed one time in the seedling plantation every 40 days after 1 year; Fertilizer of late August ditch spread, chemical fertilizer of late September heavy dressing, the aging back of the autumn growth blade of putting sprayed one time foliage fertilizer, high-quality fertilizer of heavy dressing in winter in per 20 days, see and spend back potassium application and high-quality composite fertilizer, the Shaoshi chemical fertilizer is executed foliage fertilizer in 50 days as a result, organic fertilizer after 50 days as a result, be affixed by an amount of chemical fertilizer, execute quick-acting fertilizer before plucking fruit, fertilising is based on fertilizer, foliage fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is auxilliary;
5) said reasonable pruning is in 1～10 day the seedling mobile jib to be wiped out with the upper part for 20 centimetres after the plantation, divide to plant for the first time and only stay 2 to 3 buds, every basic tip sprouting simple bud is wiped out later on, the part that each branch has water sprout to surpass 40 centimetres in time cuts off, and every square metre of tree face stays 33～35 at the healthy and strong last tip;
6) the said extermination of disease and insect pest is in good time, an amount of pesticide protection, sprouts every 8～10 days pesticides once from the each young sprout of earsh, and aging until the branch blade, young fruit period rises every 8～10 days pesticides once, and various agricultural chemicals alternately spray;
7) said controlling the treetops and hastening blossom is to adopt physics, chemical regulation, cooperate ring to prick, once " flowers and fruits are many " medicine was sprayed in the aging back of autumn growth blade after setting in 1 year every 25～30 days, totally 2～3 times, prick with the iron wire ring at the fruit tree mobile jib,, all relax iron wire until the tip florescence in spring, sprout the winter tip winter, kill the winter tip with quick-acting " killing tip element ";
8) said guarantor's flowers and fruits were that Hua Sui dredges and to go 1/3～1/2, for the first time during physiological fallen fruit, sprayed once " fruit rich " medicine every 28～30 days, and totally 2～3 times, in the mobile jib girdling once, girdling is once again behind the physiological fallen fruit for the second time;
9) the said really back measure of plucking is to pluck really to adopt the retraction pruning method in back 7 days, makes the height of tree be stabilized in 2.3～2.5 meters, fertilizer of heavy dressing, application fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99116253A CN1090896C (en) | 1999-06-23 | 1999-06-23 | High-yield litchi cultivation method including grafting one-year old sapling and bearing fruits in two years after grafting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99116253A CN1090896C (en) | 1999-06-23 | 1999-06-23 | High-yield litchi cultivation method including grafting one-year old sapling and bearing fruits in two years after grafting |
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| CN1244338A CN1244338A (en) | 2000-02-16 |
| CN1090896C true CN1090896C (en) | 2002-09-18 |
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| CN99116253A Expired - Fee Related CN1090896C (en) | 1999-06-23 | 1999-06-23 | High-yield litchi cultivation method including grafting one-year old sapling and bearing fruits in two years after grafting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109661954A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-23 | 黄俊华 | A kind of rock sugar tangerine downgrades the implantation methods of high yield |
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| CN103733923B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-06-17 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating litchi diseases and pests through botanical insecticide |
| CN103931458A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-23 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | Method for planting litchi seedlings |
| CN104145775B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-02-17 | 广西大学 | A kind of atemoya Y-shaped posture cultivation method |
| CN104145774B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-01-20 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method of Feizixiao Litchi bearing basal shoot |
| CN104396413B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-03-30 | 吴洁远 | A kind of fertilizing method of chicken mouth lichee |
| CN104920077A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 吴迪 | High-survival-rate litchi tree grafting method |
| CN105123395A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-12-09 | 太仓市新滨农场专业合作社 | Cultivation method of litchis |
| CN106386329A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 杨胜 | High-yield early-fruiting cultivation method for Jizui litchi |
| CN106613650A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-10 | 盈江县富民红荔枝种植专业合作社 | Planting method for increasing yield of late-maturing litchis |
| CN106900447A (en) * | 2017-01-14 | 2017-06-30 | 陆川县钰荣种养专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of lichee |
| CN106857139A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-20 | 陆川县品养殖专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of lichee |
| CN107593250A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-19 | 罗荣棋 | A kind of plantation process of cake mandarin orange fruit tree |
| CN111802167A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-23 | 华南农业大学 | Glutinous rice cake litchi early-maturing cultivation method |
-
1999
- 1999-06-23 CN CN99116253A patent/CN1090896C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 中国果树志，荔枝卷1998-02第1版 1998.2.1 中国林业出版社 * |
| 中国果树志，荔枝卷1998-02第1版 1998.2.1 中国林业出版社;四川农业科技 1998-02 1998.2.1 王德先"荔枝优质丰产栽培技术" * |
| 四川农业科技 1998-02 1998.2.1 王德先"荔枝优质丰产栽培技术" * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109661954A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-23 | 黄俊华 | A kind of rock sugar tangerine downgrades the implantation methods of high yield |
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| CN1244338A (en) | 2000-02-16 |
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