CN109041636B - Method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN109041636B CN109041636B CN201810875337.5A CN201810875337A CN109041636B CN 109041636 B CN109041636 B CN 109041636B CN 201810875337 A CN201810875337 A CN 201810875337A CN 109041636 B CN109041636 B CN 109041636B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings; the method comprises the following steps: a. seed selection: selecting mature fruits for seed selection; b. seed treatment: drying and freezing the collected seeds, and storing the seeds; c. seed soaking: seed soaking treatment is carried out on the seeds by using a seed soaking box; d. accelerating germination: burying the soaked seeds in a seedbed, and carrying out germination accelerating treatment on the seeds; e. sowing: sowing the seeds after the germination acceleration into a seedling raising field; the invention aims to improve the germination rate of seeds when the roxburgh rose seedlings are cultivated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings.
Background
The Rosa roxburghii Tratt and the Pyrus ussuriensis Makino are also named as the fruit of the Rosaceae plant filature flower, namely the spring angelica, the sour roxburgh rose, the Jiutou bird and the shiny pricklyash fruit, and are nourishing and body-building nutritional precious fruits. The fruit contains abundant vitamin C, and is called as "the king of vitamin C". The Rosa roxburghii Tratt has high medicinal value, and its flower, leaf, fruit and seed can be used as medicine, and has the effects of invigorating stomach, resolving food stagnation, nourishing, and relieving diarrhea. Especially, the roxburgh rose is rich in superoxide dismutase and is an internationally recognized active substance with the functions of resisting aging and preventing cancer, and the roxburgh rose also has the functions of resisting virus and radiation, and has wide application in the aspects of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, digestive systems diseases and various tumor diseases. The fructus Rosae Normalis is sour, astringent and neutral, and has effects of enhancing body resistance to infection, preventing and resisting cancer, treating scurvy, removing lead, resisting aging, treating beriberi, treating stomatitis, promoting normal development of human body, treating nyctalopia, invigorating spleen, promoting digestion, relieving pain, and reducing hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.
At present, the roxburgh rose is artificially planted in Guizhou province for about ten years, and the product is developed and popularized in the market continuously, so that the roxburgh rose has huge market development potential and wide development prospect. The roxburgh rose breeding mode comprises sowing and cuttage breeding, and in the seed sowing breeding process, seeds are subjected to freezing storage after being harvested in the current year so as to be sowed in the next year.
Before sowing, a seed soaking process is needed to promote the seeds to sprout in advance, so that the later-stage breeding work is facilitated; in the seed soaking process, people cannot visually observe whether the seeds meet the requirements, for example, the seed soaking time of the seeds is too long, the seeds absorb too much water, and embryos are damaged; the seed soaking time of the seeds is too short, the water absorption amount of the seeds is insufficient, and the seeds can not normally germinate. Therefore, correctly judging whether seed soaking meets the requirement is one of the important factors for improving the germination rate of the seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings, and aims to improve the germination rate of seeds during the cultivation of the roxburgh rose seedlings.
In order to solve the above problems, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for cultivating the roxburgh rose seedlings comprises the following steps:
a. seed selection: during the flowering period of the roxburgh rose, selecting mature fruit trees with intact flowers, vigorous growth, more than 4 years and no insect pests as parent plants; after the stock plant is selected, protecting the stock plant to prevent insect damage and mechanical damage; after the fruit trees bear fruits, cutting small fruits and diseased fruits in time; after the Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit is mature, picking the fruits with golden color and full pulp; picking fruits on the same day, and manually picking seeds on the same day to ensure the completeness of the seeds;
b. seed treatment: airing the collected seeds in the sun for 0.5d, and freezing the aired seeds at low temperature for 4-5 d; storing the frozen seeds and simultaneously doing anti-mildew work;
c. seed soaking: taking out the frozen seeds, grouping, weighing and marking the seeds in each group, and placing the seeds in a seed soaking box for seed soaking treatment; placing a group of seeds in a seed soaking assembly, weighing the seed soaking assembly, and making a weight record; placing the seed soaking assembly in seed soaking liquid for seed soaking; after soaking seeds for 12h, weighing the seed soaking component with water removed, calculating the weight change of each group of the batch of seeds, and judging whether each group of the batch of seeds meets the seed soaking requirement; taking the seeds meeting the seed soaking requirement out of the seed soaking assembly, placing the next batch of seeds into the seed soaking assembly, and soaking the seeds in the next batch of seeds and the previous batch of seeds which do not meet the requirement again;
d. accelerating germination: the mixture of the fermented organic fertilizer and the plant ash is paved on a wood board to manufacture a seedbed, seeds after seed soaking are buried in the seedbed, and then germination accelerating operation is carried out; sowing can be carried out when 35% of seeds appear white;
e. sowing: digging gullies with the width of 30-35 cm and the depth of 0.5-1 cm in the seedling raising land, uniformly spraying seeds in the gullies, and backfilling the soil until the seeds are not exposed.
Compared with the prior art:
1. according to the scheme, the weight change conditions of the seeds before and after seed soaking are measured, so that the water absorption capacity of the roxburgh rose seeds is measured, when the water absorption capacity of the roxburgh rose seeds reaches 30-40% of the self weight, the germination conditions of the roxburgh rose seeds can be effectively met, and the germination rate of the seeds can be effectively improved.
2. According to the scheme, the seeds are soaked simultaneously, and the measurement is carried out in batches, so that the seeds which are soaked can be taken out in time, and the influence on the germination rate due to overlong soaking time of the seeds is avoided; meanwhile, the incomplete seed soaking can not be influenced.
Further, in the step of seed treatment, the low-temperature freezing environment is at a temperature of 3-6 ℃ and a relative humidity of 70-80%.
The seeds are frozen at low temperature in the environment with the temperature of 3-6 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70-80%, so that the seeds can be effectively hibernated in advance, and the embryo differentiation of the seeds is promoted.
Further, in the seed soaking step, the seed soaking liquid comprises warm water and carbendazim at the temperature of 35-42 ℃, and the warm water and the carbendazim are stirred and mixed according to the volume ratio of 1000: 1.
Soaking seeds with warm water, and waking up the seeds to promote the seeds to absorb and germinate; meanwhile, the carbendazim is used for sterilizing the seeds, so that the seeds are prevented from being infected with bacteria or microorganisms during storage, and the normal germination of the seeds is prevented from being influenced.
Further, the germination accelerating step also comprises a temperature adjusting step, and the seedbed is placed in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70-80%.
The seeds are in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70-80%, so that the requirement on the external environment for seed germination is met, and the influence of external environmental factors on the normal germination rate of the seeds is avoided.
Further, the sowing step also comprises a fertilizing step, wherein the seedling raising land is fertilized once at intervals of two months; the urea solution is used for each fertilization, and the dosage of the urea is 10kg-13 kg/mu.
The urea is used for fertilizing the seedling raising land, so that the growth of the seedlings can be effectively promoted; meanwhile, the dosage of the urea is limited, so that the condition that the urea content is too low to provide enough nutrition for seedlings is prevented; the urea content is too high, the seedling burning phenomenon occurs, and the death of the seedlings is caused.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seed soaking box according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a box body 1, a hook 2, a spring scale 3, a barrel 4, a transverse plate 5, a convex block 6, a first seed soaking plate 7, a second seed soaking plate 8, an elastic clamp 9, a water tank 10, a cylinder 11, an air pipe 12, a through hole 13, a valve 14, an air supply pump 15, a support rod 16, a first groove 71 and a second groove 72.
The seed soaking tank referred to in the examples is substantially as shown in figure 1: the utility model provides a seed soaking box, includes lateral wall open-ended box 1, and the lower surface threaded connection of 1 roof of box has a plurality of couples 2, hangs on couple 2 and is equipped with spring scale 3.
As shown in fig. 2: the bottom of the barrel 4 is welded with a transverse plate 5, the transverse plate 5 is provided with a through hole 13, and the central line of the through hole 13 is collinear with the central line of the barrel 4; the welding of the below of diaphragm 5 has just to the protruding piece 6 that sets up, and the joint has the seed soaking subassembly between two protruding pieces 6.
The seed soaking component comprises a first seed soaking plate 7 and a second seed soaking plate 8, wherein a plurality of first grooves 71 are integrally formed on the first seed soaking plate 7, a second groove 72 is integrally formed on the second seed soaking plate 8, the first grooves 71 and the second grooves 72 are arranged oppositely, and water permeable holes are formed in the first grooves 71 and the second grooves 72.
A plurality of supporting rods 16 are welded on the first seed soaking plate 7, round holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the supporting rods 16, on the second seed soaking plate 8, the length size of each supporting rod 16 is smaller than the diameter size of a roxburgh rose seed, and the length size of each supporting column is larger than the depth size of each round hole; the left side wall of the first seed soaking plate 7 is provided with a clamping groove, and the right side wall of the second seed soaking plate 8 is provided with the same clamping groove; the first seed soaking plate 7 and the second seed soaking plate 8 are provided with elastic clamps 9.
The bottom of the box body 1 is connected with an air cylinder 11 through a bolt, a piston rod of the air cylinder 11 is welded with a water tank 10 with an opening at the top, a rodless cavity of the air cylinder 11 is communicated with all air pipes 12, and the bottom of the box body is connected with an air supply pump 15 through a bolt.
The method for using the seed soaking box comprises the following steps:
a. seed selection: during the flowering period of the roxburgh rose, selecting mature fruit trees with intact flowers, vigorous growth, more than 4 years and no insect pests as parent plants; after the stock plant is selected, protecting the stock plant to prevent insect damage and mechanical damage; after the fruit trees bear fruits, cutting small fruits and diseased fruits in time; after the Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit is mature, picking the fruits with golden color and full pulp; the fruits are picked in the same day, and the seeds are manually picked in the same day to ensure the integrity of the seeds.
b. Seed treatment: airing the collected seeds for 0.5d in the sun, and then placing the aired seeds in an environment with the temperature of 4 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75% for low-temperature freezing for 4.5 d; storing the frozen seeds and simultaneously doing anti-mildew work.
c. Seed soaking: the frozen seeds were removed and grouped, and the seeds of each group were weight-marked and the total weight G1 of each group was recorded.
When the first seed soaking plate 7 is not lifted, the first seed soaking plate 7 is horizontally placed, a group of seeds are placed on the first seed soaking plate 7, each seed is positioned in one first groove 71, and then the circular hole in the second seed soaking plate 8 is aligned to the support rod 16 on the first seed soaking plate 7, so that the second grooves 72 are opposite to the first grooves 71 one by one; and then the second seed soaking plate 8 is pushed downwards by force, so that the circular hole on the second seed soaking plate 8 is sleeved on the supporting rod 16 of the first seed soaking plate 7, and the second seed soaking plate 8 is covered on the first seed soaking plate 7.
The length dimension of the support is larger than the depth dimension of the round hole, so a gap exists between the first seed soaking plate 7 and the second seed soaking plate 8, and the length dimension of the support is smaller than the diameter dimension of the roxburgh rose seeds, so the roxburgh rose seeds can not fall out through the gap in the first groove 71 and the second groove 72.
Clamping and fixing the first seed soaking plate 7 and the second seed soaking plate 8 by using an elastic clamp 9 to form a seed soaking assembly; then the seed soaking component penetrates through the corresponding convex blocks 6, so that the convex blocks 6 are clamped in the clamping grooves of the first seed soaking plate 7 and the second seed soaking plate 8, the seed soaking component is fixed, the spring scale 3 is observed, and the sum G23 of the weight of the seed soaking component and the weight of the seeds is recorded; and fixing each group of seed soaking components on the corresponding convex blocks 6, observing the spring scale 3, and recording the sum of the weight of each group of seed soaking components and the weight of the seeds.
Stirring and mixing warm water at 40 ℃ and carbendazim according to the volume ratio of 1000:1 to prepare seed soaking liquid, and placing the seed soaking liquid in a water tank 10; starting the air supply pump 15, enabling the air supply pump 15 to convey air flow to the rodless cavity of the air cylinder 11, enabling air pressure in the rodless cavity of the air cylinder 11 to be increased, pushing a piston plate of the air cylinder 11 to move upwards by pressure, enabling the piston plate of the air cylinder 11 to drive the piston plate to move upwards, enabling a piston rod of the air cylinder 11 to push the water tank 10 to move upwards until the liquid level of seed soaking liquid in the water tank 10 is over all seeds, and turning off the air supply pump 15; the seed soaking liquid contacts with the seeds through the water permeable holes and the gaps, and seed soaking treatment is carried out on the seeds.
After the seeds are soaked for 12h, a valve 14 on the air pipe 12 is opened, the pressure inside the rodless cavity of the air cylinder 11 is higher than the outside, and therefore the air in the rodless cavity of the air cylinder 11 flows out through the air pipe 12; the piston plate of the cylinder 11 drives the piston rod to move downwards, the piston rod of the cylinder 11 drives the water tank 10 to move downwards until the water tank 10 moves to the initial position, and the valve 14 is closed.
When the cylinder 11 drives the water tank 10 to move downwards, gas in the rodless cavity of the cylinder 11 flows out through the gas pipe 12 to generate gas flow; air flow is blown into the cylinder body 4, finally, the air flow is blown into the clearance of the seed soaking assembly through the through holes 13 on the transverse plate 5, and moisture carried on the surfaces of the first grooves 71, the second grooves 72 and the seeds is blown away.
When the seed soaking component is blown by the airflow, downward thrust is generated on the seed soaking component, so that the seed soaking component overcomes the elasticity of the spring scale and moves downwards; the seed soaking assembly drives the transverse plate 5 to move downwards, the transverse plate 5 drives the barrel 4 to move downwards, the barrel 4 and the air pipe 12 move relatively, and the barrel 4 stretches the spring scale 3 to enable a spring in the spring scale 3 to deform; when the airflow stops, the spring of the spring scale 3 starts to return to deform, the spring scale 3 pulls the cylinder body 4 to move upwards, and the cylinder body 4 drives the transverse plate 5 and the seed soaking assembly to move upwards; the whole process shakes the seed soaking component, so that the water on the seed soaking component drops, and the influence of residual water on measurement is reduced.
After the value on the spring balance 3 has not changed any more, the sum of the weight of the seed soaking assembly and the seed at this time is observed G3. The water absorption G4 was calculated in a manner of (G3-G2)/G1.
When the G4 is 30-40%, the group of seeds is soaked completely, the group of seeds is taken out for accelerating germination, and the next group of seeds is filled into the seed soaking assembly; when G4 is more than 40%, the water absorption capacity of the group of seeds is excessive, the group of seeds is taken out to be discarded, and the next group of seeds is put into the seed soaking component; when the G4 is less than 30%, the water absorption capacity of the seeds is insufficient, and the original package is maintained.
After the above work is completed, the seed soaking liquid in the water tank 10 is replaced; and starting the air cylinder 11 again, wherein the air cylinder 11 pushes the water tank 10 to move upwards until the liquid level of the seed soaking liquid in the water tank 10 submerges all the seeds, closing the air cylinder 11, and carrying out seed soaking treatment on the seeds by the seed soaking liquid.
d. Accelerating germination: the method comprises the steps of paving a mixture of fermented organic fertilizer and plant ash on a wood board to manufacture a seedbed, burying seeds after seed soaking in the seedbed, placing the seedbed in an environment with the temperature of 22 ℃ and the relative humidity of 705%, and then carrying out germination accelerating operation; sowing can be carried out when 35% of seeds appear white;
e. sowing: digging gullies in the seedling raising land, wherein the width of each gully is 32 cm, and the depth of each gully is 0.6 cm, uniformly spraying seeds in each gully, and backfilling soil until the seeds are not exposed; fertilizing the seedling growing land once every two months; the urea solution is used for each fertilization, and the dosage of the urea is 11 kg/mu.
The above description is only an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art is not described here too much. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: a seed soaking box is needed, the seed soaking box comprises a box body with an opening on the side wall, the lower surface of the top plate of the box body is fixedly connected with a plurality of hooks, and spring scales are hung on the hooks; a hollow barrel is placed at the lower end of the spring scale, a pull wire is fixed on the barrel, the barrel is hung on the spring scale through the pull wire, the upper end and the lower end of the barrel are both open, an air pipe is connected to the upper end port of the barrel in a sliding mode and is bonded to the top plate, and a valve is installed on the air pipe; a transverse plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the barrel body, a through hole is formed in the transverse plate, and the central line of the through hole is collinear with the central line of the barrel body; the lower part of the transverse plate is welded with the convex blocks which are arranged oppositely, and the seed soaking assembly is clamped between the two convex blocks; the seed soaking assembly comprises a first seed soaking plate and a second seed soaking plate, wherein a plurality of first grooves are integrally formed on the first seed soaking plate, a second groove is integrally formed on the second seed soaking plate, the first grooves are opposite to the second grooves, and water permeable holes are formed in the first grooves and the second grooves; a plurality of support rods are welded on the first seed soaking plate, round holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the support rods, of the second seed soaking plate, the length of each support rod is smaller than the diameter of a roxburgh rose seed, and the length of each support column is larger than the depth of each round hole; the first seed soaking plate is provided with a clamping groove, and the second seed soaking plate is provided with the same clamping groove; elastic clamps are arranged on the first seed soaking plate and the second seed soaking plate; the bottom of the box body is connected with an air cylinder through a bolt, a piston rod of the air cylinder is fixedly connected with a water tank with an opening at the top, a rodless cavity of the air cylinder is communicated with all air pipes, and the bottom of the box body is connected with an air supply pump through a bolt; the method comprises the following steps:
a. seed selection: during the flowering period of the roxburgh rose, selecting mature fruit trees with intact flowers, vigorous growth, more than 4 years and no insect pests as parent plants; after the stock plant is selected, protecting the stock plant to prevent insect damage and mechanical damage; after the fruit trees bear fruits, cutting small fruits and diseased fruits in time; after the Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit is mature, picking the fruit with golden color and flesh; picking fruits on the same day, and manually picking seeds on the same day to ensure the completeness of the seeds;
b. seed treatment: airing the collected seeds for 0.5-1 d in the sun, and freezing the seeds with the moisture aired at a low temperature for 4-5 d; storing the frozen seeds and simultaneously doing anti-mildew work;
c. seed soaking: taking out the frozen seeds, grouping, weighing and marking each group of seeds, horizontally placing the first seed soaking plate, placing a group of seeds on the first seed soaking plate to enable each seed to be positioned in one first groove, aligning the round hole on the second seed soaking plate with the support rod on the first seed soaking plate, and enabling the second grooves to be opposite to the first grooves one by one; pushing the second seed soaking plate downwards with force to enable the round hole in the second seed soaking plate to be sleeved on the support rod of the first seed soaking plate and enable the second seed soaking plate to be covered on the first seed soaking plate; clamping and fixing the first seed soaking plate and the second seed soaking plate by using an elastic clamp to form a seed soaking assembly; then the seed soaking component penetrates through the corresponding convex blocks, the convex blocks are clamped in the clamping grooves of the first seed soaking plate and the second seed soaking plate, the seed soaking component is fixed, the spring scale is observed, and the sum of the weight of the seed soaking component and the weight of the seeds is recorded;
placing the seed soaking assembly in seed soaking liquid for seed soaking; after soaking seeds for 12h, weighing the seed soaking component with water removed, calculating the weight change of each group of the batch of seeds, and judging whether each group of the batch of seeds meets the seed soaking requirement; taking the seeds meeting the seed soaking requirement out of the seed soaking assembly, placing the next batch of seeds into the seed soaking assembly, and soaking the seeds in the next batch of seeds and the previous batch of seeds which do not meet the requirement again;
d. accelerating germination: the mixture of the fermented organic fertilizer and the plant ash is paved on a wood board to manufacture a seedbed, seeds after seed soaking are buried in the seedbed, and then germination accelerating operation is carried out; sowing can be carried out when 35% of seeds appear white;
e. sowing: digging gullies with the width of 30-35 cm and the depth of 0.5-1 cm in the seedling raising land, uniformly spraying seeds in the gullies, and backfilling the soil until the seeds are not exposed.
2. The method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step of seed treatment, the low-temperature freezing environment is at a temperature of 3-6 ℃ and a relative humidity of 70-80%.
3. The method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the seed soaking step, the seed soaking liquid comprises warm water and carbendazim at the temperature of 35-42 ℃, and the warm water and the carbendazim are stirred and mixed according to the volume ratio (1000-.
4. The method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the germination accelerating step also comprises a temperature adjusting step, wherein the seedbed with the buried seeds is placed in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70-80%.
5. The method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seeding step also comprises a fertilizing step, wherein the seedling raising land is fertilized once at intervals of two months; the urea solution is used for each fertilization, and the dosage of the urea is 10kg-13 kg/mu.
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| CN112616359B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-26 | 阜阳市大京九菊圃股份有限公司 | A automatic seed soaking case that trades for aquatic iris is cultivated |
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