CN108934729A - A kind of cultural method of edible cassava - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method of edible cassava Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108934729A
CN108934729A CN201811065690.3A CN201811065690A CN108934729A CN 108934729 A CN108934729 A CN 108934729A CN 201811065690 A CN201811065690 A CN 201811065690A CN 108934729 A CN108934729 A CN 108934729A
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China
Prior art keywords
cassava
furrow
cone
plantation
cultural method
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CN201811065690.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢向誉
严华兵
尚小红
曾文丹
曹升
陆柳英
赖大欣
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201811065690.3A priority Critical patent/CN108934729A/en
Publication of CN108934729A publication Critical patent/CN108934729A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/02Hand tools for making holes for sowing, planting or manuring

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, specifically provide a kind of cultural method of edible cassava.This method comprises: digging, the selection of site preparation, seedling stem and processing, playing furrow, basal dressing, paving dropper, the silver grey film of lid, cropping pattern adjustment.The present invention optimizes cassava cultural method from site preparation, basal dressing, seedling stem processing, cropping pattern (using the punching of plantation cone, the plantation of three angular misalignments) and field management etc.; and using silver grey mulch blinding and dropper is laid under mulch; a good environment is created for the growth of cassava; yield, the quality etc. for making cassava are all obviously improved, and the large-scale planting of cassava is conducive to.

Description

A kind of cultural method of edible cassava
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, specifically provide a kind of cultural method of edible cassava.
Background technique
Cassava is a kind of high amylum crops of high yield, and whole body is all precious;Fresh sweet potato is edible, feeding and producing starch, blade It can be made into feed.The plantation of existing cassava is very extensive, though yield can be obtained, it is high yield to be obtained, high-quality, efficient, it is necessary to It to be grown for it by the growing characters of cassava and be created a good environment.The not lid mulch as after the plantation of existing cassava Or white mulch is covered, this has a major impact the yield and quality of cassava.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high yields, the cultural method of high-quality, efficient edible cassava.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of cultural method of edible cassava includes the following steps:
(1) it digs: before plantation cassava, ground being turned over plough and shines 20-30 d in the sun;
(2) site preparation: deep ploughing rake is broken, and deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and the soil surfacing after ploughing rake, soil block is fine crushing, and noresidue is miscellaneous Grass and stalk;
(3) choose seeds stem and seedling stem processing: selection is fresh, sturdy, mature cassava seed stems that internode is short, in stem, lower segment Make seedling, cut the cassava seed stems section that length is 13-17cm, every section of kind stem section takes 2-4 effective bud, breaks apart by chopping notch and sees that milk soaks Out;The seedling stem cut ambam or limewash are carried out to impregnate 10-15min disinfection;
(4) it plays furrow: playing furrow before plantation, width is 140-160 cm between furrow and furrow, the wide 100-120 cm of furrow face, and furrow are high by 40- 45cm, furrow width 40 cm, ditch depth 20-25 cm between furrow;
(5) it applies fertilizer: ditching among furrow face, organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate, the amount of application of organic fertilizer are 10-15 t/hm2, calcium The amount of application of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer is 125-145 kg/hm2
(6) pipe laying epiphragma: installing dropper band before epiphragma, and every furrow put 1 dropper band among furrow face;Dropper is being covered with after rain Furrow face on cover silver grey mulch in case plantation;
(7) sow plantation: implantation time selects after epiphragma in mid-March to early April, when degree/day is 15 DEG C -30 DEG C;Using The punching plantation of oblique cutting method, furrow face overwood planting potato are planted using triangle dislocation method, seeding row spacing (80-100) cm × (80- 120) cm;
(8) field management: 20-30 days after cassava plant, after-culture is carried out to being short of seedling;Thinning: 30-50 days after cassava plant, height of seedling 20- 30cm carries out crop field to beat bud, and 1-2 strong buds are stayed in every cave;Ditch weeding: 30-50 days after plant, weeding between ditch is carried out;
(9) spray: spray paclobutrazol in 6-7 month after cassava plantation: every 26g paclobutrazol mixes with 30 jin of water and is sprayed on cassava Top and the tender position of children, drench and do not drip.
(10) harvest: late December to early January, when fresh sweet potato maturation, harvest.
Further, in step (5), the organic fertilizer is made of the ingredient fermentation of following parts by weight: 4-5 parts of cassava skin, Chicken manure and/or 2-3 parts of pig manure, 1-1.5 parts of conch meal.
Further, in step (6), when plantation, with plantation cone punching, the plantation cone includes cone and bracket, described Bracket includes stabilizer blade and skewed support rod, and the support rod is equipped with skewed through hole, and the cone, which runs through, to be inserted in Through hole can simultaneously be slided with respect to through hole, and described cone one end is sharp vertebra shape, the other end equipped with handle.In use, by bracket frame In in row ditch, centrum lower end is located at cassava row, presses cone with subordinate, hammer body with respect to through hole breaks mulch to underthrust and in cassava A skewed implantation hole is outputed in row, for planting cassava.
Further, the cone includes the lower cone and upper cone being mutually socketed, and upper cone and lower cone pass through bolt Fixed, lower cone runs through the through hole, and lower cone top is equipped with pedal.It can be punched by foot pedal, it is more labor-saving.Lower cone Body and upper cone are bolted, and the entire length of cone is adjusted, facilitates people of different heights's punch operation, also facilitates receipts It receives.
Further, the support rod is connected with stabilizer blade by the way that bolt is detachable.The tilt angle of adjustable support bar, To get the hole of different angle.
Further, the angle on the support rod cone and ground is 45 °.Be conducive to the growth of cassava.
The invention has the advantages that the present invention plants cassava from site preparation, basal dressing, seedling stem processing, cropping pattern and field management etc. Culture method optimizes.Wherein, using silver grey mulch blinding and it is laid with dropper under mulch, is that the growth of cassava creates one Good environment;It using plantation vertebra plantation, and is planted using three angular misalignment methods, can more preferably utilize illumination and space, be created for cassava Make better growing environment;Yield, the quality etc. for making cassava are all obviously improved, and the large-scale planting of cassava is conducive to.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of plantation cone;
Drawing reference numeral in figure are as follows: 1- cone, 11- upper cone, 12- lower cone, 2- bracket, 3- stabilizer blade, 4- support rod, 5- run through Hole, 6- bolt, 7- handle, 8- pedal, 9- limit spring.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of plantation cone, the plantation cone includes cone 1 and bracket 2, and the bracket 2 includes stabilizer blade 3 and inclination Shape support rod 4, the support rod 4 are equipped with skewed through hole 5, and the cone 1 is through being inserted in through hole 5 and can phase Through hole 5 is slided.The cone 1 includes the upper cone 11 and lower cone 12 being mutually socketed, and upper cone 11 and lower cone 12 are logical It is fixed to cross bolt 6, both upper cone 11 and lower cone 12 were equipped with screw hole, can be by adjusting the fixation position of bolt 6 to adjust The entire length of cone 1.11 end of upper cone is equipped with handle 7;The lower cone 12 runs through the through hole 5, lower cone 12 tops are equipped with pedal 8, end is sharp vertebra shape, and limit spring 9 is equipped between lower cone 12 and support rod 4.The support rod 4 and branch Foot 3 is connected by the way that bolt 6 is detachable, and both support rod 4 and stabilizer blade 3 were designed with screw hole, and bolt 6 passes through screw hole for 4 He of support rod Stabilizer blade 3 is fixed, fixed with stabilizer blade 3 again after the tilt angle of adjustable support bar 4.
In use, 1 lower end of centrum is located at cassava row by 2 frame of bracket in row ditch, the handle 7 of cone 1 is pressed with subordinate, And with foot pedal 8, hammer body 1 breaks mulch to underthrust and outputs a skewed implantation hole in cassava row with respect to through hole 5, For planting cassava.
Embodiment 2
Sample plot is clicked in Nanning Wuming area, and the Cassava Cultivars of cultivation are that south plants No. 199, and cultural method includes following step It is rapid:
(1) it digs: on March 6th, 2017 ground being turned over plough and is shone in the sun.
(2) site preparation: deep ploughing rake is broken, and deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and the soil surfacing after ploughing rake, soil block is fine crushing, without residual Stay weeds and stalk.
(3) choose seeds stem and seedling stem processing: selection is fresh, sturdy, mature cassava seed stems that internode is short, in stem, under Seedling is made in segment, cuts the cassava seed stems section that length is 13-17cm, and every section of kind stem section takes 2-4 effective bud, breaks apart by chopping notch and see cream Juice leaches;The seedling stem cut ambam or limewash are carried out to impregnate 12min disinfection.
(4) it playing furrow: playing furrow before plantation, width is 160 cm, wide 120 cm of furrow face, the high 40-45cm of furrow between furrow and furrow, 40 cm of furrow width between furrow, ditch depth 20-25 cm.
(5) it applies fertilizer: ditching among furrow face, organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate, the amount of application of organic fertilizer are 12 t/hm2, calcium The amount of application of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer is 140 kg/hm2.The organic fertilizer is made of the ingredient fermentation of following parts by weight: 4 parts of cassava skin, chicken 3 parts of excrement, 1 part of conch meal.
(6) pipe laying epiphragma: installing dropper band before epiphragma, and every furrow put 1 dropper band among furrow face;It is being covered with after rain Silver grey mulch is covered in the furrow face of dropper in case plantation.
(7) sow plantation: implantation time is April 6 (after epiphragma) in 2017, when degree/day is 20 DEG C;Using oblique cutting method Punching plantation bores punching with the plantation of embodiment 1, and is kept for 45 ° with ground after being inserted into cassava stem section.Furrow face overwood planting potato It is planted using triangle dislocation method, seeding row spacing 80cm × 80cm.
(8) field management: 30 days after cassava plant, after-culture is carried out to being short of seedling;Thinning: 35 days after cassava plant, height of seedling 20- 30cm carries out crop field to beat bud, and 1-2 strong buds are stayed in every cave;Ditch weeding: 38 days after plant, weeding between ditch is carried out.
(9) spray: June sprays paclobutrazol after cassava plantation: every 26g paclobutrazol mixes with 30 jin of water and is sprayed on cassava Top and the tender position of children, drench and do not drip.
(10) harvest: on December 10th, 2017, when fresh sweet potato maturation, harvest.
Comparative example 1
Comparison cultivation experiments are done in Nanning Wuming area, the Cassava Cultivars of cultivation are south plant 199, cultural method and reality The similar of example 1 is applied, difference is: in step (6), being planted using flat manner, every two row of furrow puts two row kinds when seedling stem is planted Put parallel alignment.Plant not lid mulch after cassava.
Comparative example 2
Comparison cultivation experiments are done in Nanning Wuming area, the Cassava Cultivars of cultivation are south plant 199, cultural method and reality Apply the similar of example 1, difference is: in step (6), using oblique cutting mode is used, oblique cutting angle is 60 °, every two row of furrow, seedling stem kind Two row seedling stems are put into parallel alignment when plant.In step (7), furrow face lid white mulch.
Embodiment 3
Sample plot is clicked in Beihai, Guangxi Hepu County, and the Cassava Cultivars of cultivation are that south plants No. 199, and cultural method includes following step It is rapid:
(1) it digs: on March 10th, 2017 ground being turned over plough and is shone in the sun.
(2) site preparation: deep ploughing rake is broken, and deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and the soil surfacing after ploughing rake, soil block is fine crushing, without residual Stay weeds and stalk.
(3) choose seeds stem and seedling stem processing: selection is fresh, sturdy, mature cassava seed stems that internode is short, in stem, under Seedling is made in segment, cuts the cassava seed stems section that length is 13-17cm, and every section of kind stem section takes 2-4 effective bud, breaks apart by chopping notch and see cream Juice leaches;The seedling stem cut ambam or limewash are carried out to impregnate 15min disinfection.
(4) it playing furrow: playing furrow before plantation, width is 160 cm, wide 120 cm of furrow face, the high 40-45cm of furrow between furrow and furrow, 40 cm of furrow width between furrow, ditch depth 20-25 cm.
(5) it applies fertilizer: ditching among furrow face, organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate, the amount of application of organic fertilizer are 15t/hm2, calcium The amount of application of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer is 125 kg/hm2.The organic fertilizer is made of the ingredient fermentation of following parts by weight: 4 parts of cassava skin, pig 3 parts of excrement, 1.5 parts of conch meal.
(6) pipe laying epiphragma: installing dropper band before epiphragma, and every furrow put 1 dropper band among furrow face;It is being covered with after rain Silver grey mulch is covered in the furrow face of dropper.
(7) sow plantation: implantation time is April 10 (after epiphragma) in 2017, when degree/day is 25 DEG C;Using oblique cutting method Punching plantation, with embodiment 1 be plantation cone punching, and make cassava stem section be inserted into after with ground keep 45 °.Furrow face overwood planting potato It is planted using triangle dislocation method, seeding row spacing 100cm × 100cm.
(8) field management: 25 days after cassava plant, after-culture is carried out to being short of seedling;Thinning: 50 days after cassava plant, height of seedling 20- 30cm carries out crop field to beat bud, and 1-2 strong buds are stayed in every cave;Ditch weeding: 45 days after plant, weeding between ditch is carried out.
(9) spray: June sprays paclobutrazol after cassava plantation: every 26g paclobutrazol mixes with 30 jin of water and is sprayed on cassava Top and the tender position of children, drench and do not drip.
(10) harvest: on December 25th, 2018, when fresh sweet potato maturation, harvest.
Comparative example 3
In Beihai, Guangxi, Hepu County does comparison cultivation experiments, and the Cassava Cultivars of cultivation are south plant 199, cultural method and reality The similar of example 2 is applied, difference is: in step (6), being planted using flat manner, every two row of furrow puts two row kinds when seedling stem is planted Put parallel alignment.Plant not lid mulch after cassava.
Comparative example 4
In Beihai, Guangxi, Hepu County does comparison cultivation experiments, and the Cassava Cultivars of cultivation are south plant 199, cultural method and reality Apply the similar of example 2, difference is: in step (6), using oblique cutting mode is used, oblique cutting angle is 60 °, every two row of furrow, seedling stem kind Two row seedling stems are put into parallel alignment when plant.In step (7), furrow face lid white mulch.
The yield of cassava and commodity potato rate see the table below under above-mentioned four kinds of planting patterns.Wherein, commodity potato rate is potato long >=20 The ratio of the total quantity of the potato quantity and potato of cm.
As shown in Table 1, cassava is planted using this method, the yield and commodity potato rate of cassava are obviously improved.
It should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, After reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can various modifications may be made or change to the present invention, these Equivalent form is also fallen within the scope of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of cultural method of edible cassava, which comprises the steps of:
(1) it digs: before plantation cassava, ground being turned over plough and shines 20-30 d in the sun;
(2) site preparation: deep ploughing rake is broken, and deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and the soil surfacing after ploughing rake, soil block is fine crushing, and noresidue is miscellaneous Grass and stalk;
(3) choose seeds stem and seedling stem processing: selection is fresh, sturdy, mature cassava seed stems that internode is short, in stem, lower segment Make seedling, cut the cassava seed stems section that length is 13-17cm, every section of kind stem section takes 2-4 effective bud, breaks apart by chopping notch and sees that milk soaks Out;The seedling stem cut ambam or limewash are carried out to impregnate 10-15min disinfection;
(4) it plays furrow: playing furrow before plantation, width is 140-160 cm between furrow and furrow, the wide 100-120 cm of furrow face, and furrow are high by 40- 45cm, furrow width 40 cm, ditch depth 20-25 cm between furrow;
(5) it applies fertilizer: ditching among furrow face, organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate, the amount of application of organic fertilizer are 10-15 t/hm2, calcium and magnesium The amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 125-145 kg/hm2
(6) pipe laying epiphragma: installing dropper band before epiphragma, and every furrow put 1 dropper band among furrow face;Dropper is being covered with after rain Furrow face on cover silver grey mulch in case plantation;
(7) sow plantation: implantation time selects after epiphragma in mid-March to early April, when degree/day is 15 DEG C -30 DEG C;Using The punching plantation of oblique cutting method, furrow face overwood planting potato are planted using triangle dislocation method, seeding row spacing (80-100) cm × (80- 120) cm;
(8) field management: 20-30 days after cassava plant, after-culture is carried out to being short of seedling;Thinning: 30-50 days after cassava plant, height of seedling 20- 30cm carries out crop field to beat bud, and 1-2 strong buds are stayed in every cave;Ditch weeding: 30-50 days after plant, weeding between ditch is carried out;
(9) spray: spray paclobutrazol in 6-7 month after cassava plantation: every 26g paclobutrazol mixes with 30 jin of water and is sprayed on cassava Top and the tender position of children, drench and do not drip;
(10) harvest: late December to early January, when fresh sweet potato maturation, harvest.
2. cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (5), the organic fertilizer is by following parts by weight Ingredient fermentation is made: 4-5 parts of cassava skin, chicken manure and/or 2-3 parts of pig manure, 1-1.5 parts of conch meal.
3. cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described with plantation cone punching when plantation in step (7) Plantation cone includes cone and bracket, and the bracket includes stabilizer blade and skewed support rod, and the support rod is equipped with skewed Through hole, for the cone through being inserted in through hole and can slide with respect to through hole, described cone one end is point vertebra shape, another End is equipped with handle.
4. cultural method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the cone includes the lower cone and epicone being mutually socketed Body, upper cone and lower cone are bolted, and lower cone runs through the through hole, and lower cone top is equipped with pedal, lower cone Limit spring is equipped between support rod.
5. cultural method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the support rod passes through the detachable phase of bolt with stabilizer blade Even.
6. cultural method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the angle on the support rod cone and ground is 45 °.
CN201811065690.3A 2018-09-13 2018-09-13 A kind of cultural method of edible cassava Pending CN108934729A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111316879A (en) * 2020-04-24 2020-06-23 广西大学 Cassava planting method

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