CN108834759B - Common-shed crop rotation three-dimensional cultivation system and method for morchella, bletilla striata and shiitake mushrooms - Google Patents
Common-shed crop rotation three-dimensional cultivation system and method for morchella, bletilla striata and shiitake mushrooms Download PDFInfo
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- CN108834759B CN108834759B CN201811028461.4A CN201811028461A CN108834759B CN 108834759 B CN108834759 B CN 108834759B CN 201811028461 A CN201811028461 A CN 201811028461A CN 108834759 B CN108834759 B CN 108834759B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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Abstract
The invention provides a common-shed rotation three-dimensional cultivation system for morchella esculenta, bletilla striata and shiitake mushrooms, which comprises a greenhouse and cultivation and reclamation units arranged on a soil foundation layer, wherein drainage ditches are arranged between the cultivation and reclamation units, and a plurality of petal type planting pots are stacked on the cultivation and reclamation units; the greenhouse comprises stainless steel pipe stand columns arranged on a land base, wherein the upper ends of the stand columns form a greenhouse frame for a herringbone greenhouse top, the greenhouse frame is covered by a black silk net for shading, and a plurality of groups of hanging frames are arranged in the greenhouse frame and used for cultivating mushrooms. The invention also provides a method for cultivating morchella esculenta, bletilla striata and shiitake in a same greenhouse rotation manner. According to the characteristics of the bletilla striata that the bletilla striata likes yin and is moist, the mushroom is applied in succession, the mushrooms are of the same species, the land utilization rate is improved, the unit area composite production capacity is improved, and the economic benefit of the planting industry is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a morchella planting technology, in particular to a facility construction system and a planting method suitable for morchella planting.
Background
Morchella esculenta is also called morchella esculenta and morchella esculenta, and is a precious edible fungus and medicinal fungus. The existing morchella planting technology comprises ground cultivation of morchella, a lot of space is wasted by the planting mode, the planting mode limits the cultivation yield of the morchella, the land for planting the morchella cannot be continuously cultivated, or multi-layer cultivation is carried out, a frame body and other supporting facilities must be erected in the existing multi-layer cultivation, for example, Chinese patent 201721699194.4, the patent name is a morchella planting frame, the multi-layer frame body is high in construction cost, the labor cost for maintenance is higher, the investment and the output are not directly proportional, and the popularization value is not high.
The morchella is planted in a greenhouse widely by vegetable growers in a shady and humid environment, the greenhouse can resist natural disasters, resist cold, keep warm, resist drought and waterlogging, early cultivate and late cultivate, prolong the growing period of crops, and achieve the purposes of early maturity, late maturity, yield increase and stable yield.
At present, the common morchella planting greenhouse for vegetable growers covers a black silk screen for shading for bamboo or galvanized pipe frame structures, a flat ceiling is built, the black silk screen among four stand columns easily forms a pan bottom shape under the action of rainwater gravity in rainy seasons, the pan bottom shape rainwater impacts the ground too much, morchella yield reduction is easily caused, or the greenhouse frame is easily collapsed.
The production period of the morchella is 11-5 months in the next year, and for production enterprises, in the neutral period outside the morchella production period, the idle production base is a waste of resources, and the development of the enterprises is not facilitated. In addition, the existing culture methods of morchella esculenta have the problems of more complicated process, longer production period, slow growth speed, high production cost, low yield and the like;
bletilla striata, also known as gangen, baiyao and indocalamus, is a perennial herb of bletilla striata of orchidaceae, with the flowering period of bletilla striata ranging from late 4 to late 5 months, and the fruit maturity period ranging from middle to late 11 months.
Although the mushroom is generally cultured by the artificial culture, the mushroom is cultured by the fungus bags, and the disease resistance is low because the interior of the fungus bags is not ventilated.
The planting of bletilla striata and shiitake mushroom is low in land utilization rate, and the output value and the period are long.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new cultivation method for cultivating morchella esculenta, bletilla striata and shiitake mushroom in a greenhouse in a rotation manner to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a morchella, bletilla striata and shiitake same-shed crop rotation three-dimensional cultivation system which is low in construction cost, maximally utilizes cultivation space, increases cultivation surface of mushroom, and improves cultivation efficiency of mushroom and bletilla striata.
The invention provides a common-shed rotation three-dimensional cultivation system for morchella esculenta, bletilla striata and shiitake mushrooms, which comprises a greenhouse and cultivation and reclamation units arranged on a soil foundation layer, wherein drainage ditches are arranged between the cultivation and reclamation units, and a plurality of petal type planting pots are stacked on the cultivation and reclamation units; the greenhouse comprises stainless steel pipe upright columns arranged on a land foundation, wherein the upper ends of the upright columns are herringbone shed tops to form a greenhouse frame, the greenhouse frame is covered by a black silk net for shading, and a plurality of groups of hanging frames are arranged in the greenhouse frame and used for cultivating mushrooms;
the hanging bracket comprises at least two hanging ropes and a plurality of cultivation frames, wherein one ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on the greenhouse frame, the cultivation frame units are fixed on the hanging ropes at intervals, and the cultivation frames are formed by oppositely and fixedly connecting openings of two symmetrical U-shaped frames and then placing trays;
preferably, the closed ends of the U-shaped frames penetrate through small rings fixedly arranged on the hanging ropes respectively and then the open ends of the U-shaped frames are fixedly connected through aluminum clamps, and the U-shaped frames and the hanging ropes form a stable hanging frame system; the tray is internally provided with a sponge block, and necessary moisture is provided for the mushrooms planted on the cultivation frame through the water absorption of the sponge;
the petal type planting pot is provided with three or four inclined pockets protruding outwards, and the bottom of the petal type planting pot is provided with the same number of support legs as the inclined pockets; an inward concave cambered surface is arranged between the adjacent oblique pockets; the center of the petal-type planting pot is provided with an axial through hole, the axial through hole can not only allow the morchella hypha to pass, but also can be provided with a steel pipe for supporting and fixing at the axial through hole when a plurality of pots are stacked.
Preferably, the edge of the outer bottom of the axial through hole is provided with an annular rib.
Preferably, the axial through hole extends to planting the basin opening and forms the bellmouth type chimb that diminishes, set up the strengthening rib around the chimb.
Preferably, the feet are formed by protrusions distributed evenly at an angle.
Preferably, the protrusion comprises an outer edge protrusion part at the bottom of the inclined pocket and a second protrusion part separated from the outer edge protrusion part by a groove, and the groove is a semi-ring type groove corresponding to the concave cambered surface and used for vertically connecting and fixing the basins when a plurality of basins are stacked.
Preferably, the valley is arranged on the outer side of the inclined pocket, and the inclined pocket and the valley can ensure that morchella in the vertically stacked planting pots can ensure necessary air and sunlight; the bottom of the valley forms an outer edge protrusion with the basin bottom.
Preferably, an arc-shaped plate is arranged on an arc-shaped boss inside the basin formed by the semi-ring type groove.
Preferably, through holes are formed at the bottom and the inner side of the protruding part at the outer edge of the bottom of the inclined pocket.
The invention also aims to provide a morchella planting method and bletilla striata same-shed rotation, which comprises the following steps:
s1 building a greenhouse, after land leveling, drilling foundation pits with the diameter of 80 cm and the depth of 50cm at the four corners of a square block with the interval of 6 x 6 m by using a rotary drilling rig, using stainless steel pipes with the diameter of 9cm, the thickness of 1.5 mm and the height of 4 m as stand columns, placing 3 threaded steel with the thickness of 10 mm in the stainless steel pipes, welding the threaded steel into a three-dimensional triangle, burying the stand columns 50cm below the ground, pouring concrete foundation below the ground by 30cm, simultaneously pouring concrete in the stainless steel pipes with the diameter of 9cm, ensuring that the stand columns are vertical, building a herringbone greenhouse top at the upper ends of the stand columns, building a multi-span greenhouse with the shoulder height of 3.5 m and the top height of 4.5 m, and covering and fixing the greenhouse top by using a black wire;
s2 planting rhizoma Bletillae, cultivating at the first cultivation of 40 × 40 cm from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, transplanting rhizoma Bletillae, digging when the overground stem withers, cutting off the root tuber with bud as seed, cleaning soil, removing fibrous root, and harvesting rhizoma Bletillae;
s3 sowing Morchella esculenta and Lentinus edodes, placing multi-layer Morchella esculenta petal planting pots at the center of bletilla striata planting, placing fungus bags on a stereoscopic planting frame formed by overlapping petal type planting pots, and placing proper planting soil and nutrient medium for Morchella esculenta in the planting pots; meanwhile, placing the cultivated mushrooms on the aerial multilayer hanging bracket;
s4 Morchella management and fruiting, collecting Lentinus Edodes from 11 months to the next month of Yuanyue, collecting Morchella from 3 months to 4 months of the next year, germinating and growing bletilla striata from 4 to 5 months, withering the stems on the surface of the bletilla striata from 10 months, and starting at the bottom of 10 months is a new cycle.
Compared with the related technology, the same-shed rotation three-dimensional cultivation system for morchella, bletilla striata and shiitake provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention changes the single-layer ground morchella planting into 6-layer three-dimensional planting, and the yield per unit area is doubled;
according to the characteristics that bletilla striata (or paris polyphylla) likes yin and is moist, meanwhile, the bletilla striata (or paris polyphylla) is complementary with the growth season of morchella, symbiotic growth and co-growth are carried out, the greenhouse and the land are adopted instead, the land utilization rate is improved, the compound production capacity in unit area is improved, the economic benefit of the planting industry is increased, and the yield per mu is increased in multiples;
the production of multilayer shiitake mushroom bags is suspended on a greenhouse frame, shiitake mushroom sticks are suspended in the air, and mushrooms grow on four sides, so that the yield is greatly improved; the bag turning procedure and labor cost in the planting process are completely saved; the fungus sticks are suspended in the air, and the periphery of the fungus bag is provided with sufficient oxygen, so that the procedure and cost of artificial oxygenation are completely saved; the water is automatically supplemented as required by the spraying device in the suspended air, so that the procedure and cost of supplementing water by the artificial needle head in the original planting mode are completely saved; is convenient for harvesting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a greenhouse in the morchella stereo cultivation system provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a Morchella esculenta three-dimensional cultivation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a planting pot in the morchella stereo cultivation system provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a planting pot in the stereo Morchella culture system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of a planting pot in the morchella stereo cultivation system provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a hanger in the stereo Morchella esculenta cultivation system provided by the present invention;
in the figure, a vertical column-1, a first square frame-2, a second square frame-3, a diagonal steel wire-4, a trapezoidal frame-5, a petal type planting pot-6, an inclined pocket-7, a support leg-8, an inner concave cambered surface-9, an axial through hole-10, an outer edge convex part 11, a second convex part-12, a semi-ring type groove-13, a valley-14 and an arc-shaped plate-15.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the cultivation system for cultivating morchella esculenta, bletilla striata and mushroom in a rotation manner in the same greenhouse provided by the invention comprises a greenhouse, cultivation devices for the mushroom and the morchella esculenta arranged in the greenhouse, and cultivation reclamation arranged on a soil base layer, wherein the cultivation reclamation is used for planting the bletilla striata, and intervals are arranged between the cultivation reclamation;
the greenhouse of the embodiment adopts a stainless steel pipe frame, and comprises upright columns 1 arranged on a land foundation, wherein the upright columns are arranged in a square shape, the upright columns at opposite sides of the square shape are respectively welded with a first square frame 2 and a second square frame 3, the second square frame is higher than the first square frame, a diagonal steel wire 4 is arranged between the first square frame and the second square frame, two ends of the first square frame and the second square frame are provided with a trapezoid frame 5, the diagonal steel wires of adjacent upright columns, the first square frame, the second square frame and the trapezoid frame form a herringbone shed top, the herringbone shed top is covered and fixed by a black silk sunshade net, and the sunshade net is fixed on a frame body through a clamping groove and a clamping spring through a nut and a bolt;
the cultivation device for the morchella comprises a plurality of petal type planting pots 6 (see fig. 3, 4 and 5) which are vertically stacked, wherein the planting pots are placed on cultivation land, the petal type planting pots are provided with three inclined pockets 7 protruding outwards, and the bottoms of the petal type planting pots are provided with supporting legs 8 the number of which is the same as that of the inclined pockets; an inward concave cambered surface 9 is arranged between the adjacent oblique pockets; the center of the petal-type planting pot is provided with an axial through hole 10, and the edge of the outer bottom of the axial through hole is provided with an annular rib.
The axial through-hole of this embodiment extends to planting the basin opening and forms the bellmouth type chimb that diminishes, set up the strengthening rib around the chimb.
The support legs of the embodiment are formed by the protrusions which are uniformly distributed at an angle, the protrusions comprise outer edge protrusion parts 11 at the bottoms of the inclined pockets and second protrusion parts 12 separated from the outer edge protrusion parts by grooves, through holes are formed in the bottoms and the inner sides of the outer edge protrusion parts, and the grooves are semi-ring type grooves 13 corresponding to the inwards concave cambered surfaces and used for being connected and fixed with basins up and down when a plurality of basins are stacked.
The inclined pocket of this embodiment is provided with a valley 14 on the outside, the bottom of which forms an outer edge protrusion with the bottom of the bowl.
The arc-shaped plate 15 is arranged on the arc-shaped boss formed by the semi-ring type groove in the planting pot.
The greenhouse frame of the embodiment is internally provided with a plurality of groups of hanging brackets for cultivating mushrooms;
as shown in fig. 6, the hanger comprises at least two hanging ropes 16 and a cultivation frame, one end of each hanging rope is fixed on the greenhouse frame, a plurality of cultivation frame units are fixed on the hanging ropes at intervals, and the cultivation frame is formed by placing trays after two symmetrical U-shaped frames 17 are oppositely and fixedly connected in an opening mode; the closed end of the U-shaped frame penetrates through a small ring fixedly arranged on the hanging rope respectively and then the open end of the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected through an aluminum clip, and a sponge block 18 is arranged in the tray.
By adopting the system, the method for cultivating the morchella, the bletilla striata and the shiitake in a rotation mode in the same shed comprises the following steps:
s1 building a greenhouse, after land leveling, drilling foundation pits with the diameter of 80 cm and the depth of 50cm at the four corners of a square block with the interval of 6 x 6 m by using a rotary drilling rig, using stainless steel pipes with the diameter of 9cm, the thickness of 1.5 mm and the height of 4 m as stand columns, placing 3 threaded steels with the thickness of 10 mm in the stainless steel pipes, welding the threaded steels into the stainless steel pipes into a three-dimensional triangle, embedding the stand columns into the ground by 50cm, casting concrete foundations below the ground by 30cm, simultaneously casting concrete in the stainless steel pipes with the diameter of 9 m, ensuring that the stand columns are vertical, building a herringbone greenhouse top at the upper ends of the stand columns, building a multi-span greenhouse with the shoulder height of 3.5 m and the top height of 4.5 m, and covering and fixing the;
s2 planting rhizoma Bletillae, cultivating at the first cultivation of 40 × 40 cm from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, transplanting rhizoma Bletillae, digging when the overground stem withers, cutting off the root tuber with bud as seed, cleaning soil, removing fibrous root, and harvesting rhizoma Bletillae;
s3 sowing Morchella esculenta and Lentinus edodes, placing 6 layers of Morchella esculenta petal planting pots at the center of bletilla striata planting, placing fungus bags on a stereoscopic planting frame formed by overlapping petal type planting pots, and placing proper planting soil and nutrient medium for Morchella esculenta in the planting pots; meanwhile, cultivated mushrooms are placed on a hanging bracket consisting of 10 layers of cultivation racks in the air;
s4 Morchella management and fruiting, collecting Lentinus Edodes from 11 months to the next month of Yuanyue, collecting Morchella from 3 months to 4 months of the next year, germinating and growing bletilla striata from 4 to 5 months, withering the stems on the surface of the bletilla striata from 10 months, and starting at the bottom of 10 months is a new cycle.
Wherein: the cultivation frame is an oval vertical surface with the width of 10 cm and the length of about 22 cm, and forms a three-dimensional hanging frame with 10 layers in the air; the round hole of 10 centimeters of petal formula planting basin pelvic floor diameter, oblique pocket diameter 60 centimetres, high 30 centimetres, oblique pocket basin middle part 20 centimetres, binding off to bottom diameter 10 centimetres trompil, at first planting basin dress planting soil, to oblique pocket height flat, stack the second again and plant the basin, nevertheless the oblique pocket of basin staggers from top to bottom, plants a second again and adorns planting soil, analogizes in proper order, can place 6 petal formula planting basins and carry out three-dimensional cultivation.
In the system, bletilla striata can be replaced by rhizoma paridis, and mushroom can be replaced by agaric, and then the agaric is planted according to respective conventional planting methods and field management methods.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The cultivation system is characterized by comprising a greenhouse, cultivation and reclamation units arranged on a soil foundation layer, drainage ditches arranged between the cultivation and reclamation units, and a plurality of petal type planting pots stacked on the cultivation and reclamation units; the greenhouse comprises stainless steel pipe upright posts arranged on a land foundation and a herringbone shed top arranged at the upper ends of the upright posts, wherein the upright posts and the herringbone shed top form a greenhouse frame, the greenhouse frame is covered by a black silk net for shading, and a plurality of groups of hanging frames are arranged in the greenhouse frame and are used for cultivating mushrooms; the hanging frame comprises at least two hanging ropes and cultivation frames, one ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on the greenhouse frame, the cultivation frames are fixed at intervals along the vertical direction of the hanging ropes, and two ends of each cultivation frame are fixed on the hanging ropes respectively; the cultivation frame is formed by oppositely and fixedly connecting openings of two symmetrical U-shaped frames and then placing a tray; the petal type planting pot is provided with three or four inclined pockets protruding outwards, and the bottom of the petal type planting pot is provided with the same number of support legs as the inclined pockets; an inward concave cambered surface is arranged between the adjacent oblique pockets; the center of the petal type planting pot is provided with an axial through hole, the cultivation system carries out three-dimensional cultivation of morchella, bletilla striata and mushroom in the same shed in a rotation manner, and the cultivation system comprises the following steps:
s1 building a greenhouse, after land leveling, drilling foundation pits with the diameter of 80 cm and the depth of 50cm at the four corners of a square block with the interval of 6 x 6 m by using a rotary drilling rig, using stainless steel pipes with the diameter of 9cm, the thickness of 1.5 mm and the height of 4 m as stand columns, placing 3 threaded steel with the thickness of 10 mm in the stainless steel pipes, welding the threaded steel into a three-dimensional triangle, burying the stand columns 50cm below the ground, pouring concrete foundation below the ground by 30cm, simultaneously pouring concrete in the stainless steel pipes with the diameter of 9cm, ensuring that the stand columns are vertical, building a herringbone greenhouse top at the upper ends of the stand columns, building a multi-span greenhouse with the shoulder height of 3.5 m and the top height of 4.5 m, and covering and fixing the greenhouse top by using a black wire;
s2 planting bletilla striata, planting bletilla striata in the first cultivation land of 40 x 40 cm from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, after seedling falling for 10 months, digging in a period of 4 years when overground stems wither, cutting off tuberous roots with buds for seed planting, cleaning the rest parts of the seedlings with soil, removing fibrous roots, and harvesting the bletilla striata;
s3 sowing Morchella and Lentinus Edodes, placing multiple layers of Morchella petal-type planting pots at the center of bletilla striata planting, placing fungus bags on a stacked stereoscopic planting frame of petal-type planting pots, and placing proper planting soil and nutrient medium for Morchella in the planting pots; meanwhile, placing the cultured mushroom sticks on the aerial multilayer hanging bracket;
s4 Morchella management and fruiting, collecting Lentinus Edodes from 11 months to the next month of Yuanyue, collecting Morchella from 3 months to 4 months of the next year, germinating and growing bletilla striata from 4 to 5 months, withering the stems on the surface of the bletilla striata from 10 months, and starting at the bottom of 10 months is a new cycle.
2. The cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the closed ends of the U-shaped frames respectively penetrate through small rings fixedly arranged on the hanging rope and then are fixedly connected with the open ends of the U-shaped frames through aluminum clips, and sponge blocks are arranged in trays arranged on the two U-shaped frames.
3. The cultivation system of claim 2, wherein the annular ribs are arranged at the outer bottom edge of the axial through hole, the axial through hole extends towards the opening of the planting pot to form a gradually reduced trumpet-shaped convex edge, and the reinforcing ribs are arranged around the convex edge.
4. The cultivation system of claim 3, wherein the support legs are formed by protrusions evenly distributed at an angle.
5. The cultivation system of claim 4, wherein the protrusions comprise an outer edge protrusion part at the bottom of the inclined bag and a second protrusion part separated from the outer edge protrusion part by a groove, and the groove is a semi-ring groove corresponding to the concave arc surface and used for fixing the basins in a vertical connection manner when the basins are stacked.
6. The cultivation system of claim 5, wherein a valley is provided outside the inclined pocket, and the bottom of the valley and the bottom of the pot form an outer edge protrusion.
7. The cultivation system of claim 5, wherein the semi-ring groove forms an arc-shaped plate on an arc-shaped platform inside the pot.
8. The cultivation system of claim 5, wherein through holes are formed at the bottom and the inner side of the protruding part at the outer edge of the bottom of the inclined pocket.
9. The cultivation system of claim 8, wherein the petal-type cultivation pots are stacked in 6 layers, and the hanging rack is provided with 10 cultivation shelves.
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CN202184000U (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-11 | 邢亚萍 | Three-dimensional plant cultivating device with contour of symmetric convex-concave arc |
CN203206814U (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-09-25 | 赵全伟 | Petal-type combined flowerpot |
CN203226080U (en) * | 2013-05-12 | 2013-10-09 | 韩志伟 | Suspension type three-dimensional planting greenhouse |
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CN105532218A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽世纪绿药生态农林有限公司 | Bletilla striata planting technology |
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