CN108738994A - A kind of breeding method of camellia oleifera lam - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of camellia oleifera lam Download PDFInfo
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- CN108738994A CN108738994A CN201810562258.9A CN201810562258A CN108738994A CN 108738994 A CN108738994 A CN 108738994A CN 201810562258 A CN201810562258 A CN 201810562258A CN 108738994 A CN108738994 A CN 108738994A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding methods of camellia oleifera lam, the present invention is from place election, soil is required to the front and back operation of plantation, management measure, comprehensive quantifies each step of plantation, reach the most adaptable plantation standard of tea oil tree, it is planted using method provided by the invention, not only seedling percent is high, and for the adaptable of different plantation environment, take full advantage of the planted area in place, and leave growing space appropriate to tea oil tree seedling, further increase the fruit yield after it grows up to, improve the oil production of every plant of tea oil tree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil tea field of planting.
Background technology
Oil tea is that seed oil content is high in Theaceae Camellia, has the general name of productive oil species, is China
The important woody edible oil tannin plant in south, with olive, oil palm, coconut and referred to as four big woody oil tree species of the world.It is led
Product tea oil unique flavor is wanted, full of nutrition, unsaturated fatty acid content is high, and aliphatic acid composition is reasonable, is difficult to inhale without human body
Erucic acid and mountain the cornel acid of receipts, are also free of the cholesterol that human blood-pressure can be caused to increase and lead to vascular sclerosis, are ideal edible
Oil is the best of all kinds of edible oil.Tea oil and its byproduct serve many purposes in industry, agricultural, medicine etc., develop oil tea
Production is of great significance to improving Chinese national economy and living standards of the people.Currently, in the existing implantation methods of oil tea, by
In the limitation of itself, the defects such as yield is not high when causing to plant, and oil content is low cause the enthusiasm of plantation not high.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding methods of camellia oleifera lam, rationally cultivate tea oil tree, improve tea-oil tree yield.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of breeding method of camellia oleifera lam, includes the following steps：
(1) forest land selects：Select the sandy hills mountain in slope that 500 meters of height above sea level soil layer below is deep fertile and moisture is sufficient
Hilllock, and the high mountain soil gradient in slope is 8-15 degree；
(2) seedling selects：Selection nursery stock is annual choiceness grafting, high 14-16cm, the thick 0.20- of base diameter
0.28cm, biennial grafting height of seedling 30cm, the thick 0.35-0.37cm of base diameter, root is complete, no disease and pests harm；
(3) site preparation：Mid-September carries out site preparation in the fall, and holds gutter successfully in soil surrounding, and site preparation is at ribbon knot
Structure；
(4) cave is dug：Cave is dug by the specification of 30-40cm × 30-40cm × 40-45cm on the row of ribbon ridge, and each
First layer overlay cobblestone, then applies 5-10kg organic fertilizers, and uniformly sprinkle 0.5-1kg stones in the top of organic fertilizer in cave
Then ash uses earthen backfill；
(5) it transplants：First use is added to the mud dipping sapling root of root-growing agent before plant, and when plant cuts 70% leaf
Son makes nursery stock root system in cave unfold, after seedling stem righting, the topsoil in back-filling in layers source points, and backfill requirement is fine crushing, every layer
Backfill is both needed to track tramping, and tree seedling root base portion soil lifts are above ground level, and moisture is irrigated for every plant after field planting；
(6) tending management：
A, it weeds with a hoe：The current year of oil tea sapling plantation only carries out weeding, and without loosening the soil, second year rises, and loosens the soil every year
Weeding 2-3 times, before and after selection of time annual rainy season, 10 centimetres of pine soil depth；
B, it irrigates：After afforestation, in annual arid season, seedling is once poured weekly；
C, it applies fertilizer：The forest land that base manure was applied when plantation, the current year after plantation do not apply fertilizer, and second year rises, every year in spring
It respectively applies fertilizer with winter 1 time；
D, after-culture and shaping：The current year of afforestation or second year carry out seedling after-culture in rainy season；The shaping general winter in spring is advisable,
Early spring is best, trimming mainly cut off overstocked branch, leftover bits and pieces branch, overlapping branch, sick branch, withered branch, parasitic branch, aging branch and, trimming
Notch it is smooth, the sick branch cut, parasitic worm branch should be moved out and be burnt outside woods as early as possible.
Preferably, in the step c of step (6), fertilizer applied in the spring season is per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.5-1.5kg, urea 0.4kg；Winter
Apply fertilizer every plant of organic fertilizer 10-20kg.
Preferably, the acidity-basicity ph value for the soil soil that step (1) forest land selects is 5.2-6.0.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention is required from place election, soil to the front and back operation of plantation, management measure,
Comprehensive quantifies each step of plantation, reaches the most adaptable plantation standard of tea oil tree, and use is provided by the invention
Method is planted, and not only seedling percent is high, and for the adaptable of different plantation environment, takes full advantage of place
Planted area, and growing space appropriate is left to tea oil tree seedling, further increase the production of the fruit after it grows up to
Amount, improves the oil production of every plant of tea oil tree.
Specific implementation mode
In order to which those skilled in the art are better understood from the present invention, the present invention is made into one with reference to following embodiment
Step detailed description.
Embodiment 1
(1) forest land selects：Select the sandy hills mountain in slope that 500 meters of height above sea level soil layer below is deep fertile and moisture is sufficient
Hilllock, and the high mountain soil gradient in slope is 8-15 degree, the acidity-basicity ph value of soil is 5.2-6.0；Tea oil tree is happiness acidic species,
What can be grown in acid soil is more preferable, and when ph is 5.2, soil is in acidity at this time, and acidity is moderate, is unlikely to acid mistake
Destroy tree root by force；When ph is 6, at this point, soil is weakly acidic, although acid reduce, in forest land can between plant one
Other a little acid nonfast industrial crops, improve land utilization ratio, increase income, and soil of the ph values more than 6 tends to neutral or alkali
Property, it is not suitable for the growth of tea oil tree.
(2) seedling selects：Selection nursery stock is annual choiceness grafting, high 14-16cm, the thick 0.20- of base diameter
0.28cm, root is complete, no disease and pests harm；
(3) site preparation：Mid-September carries out site preparation in the fall, and holds gutter successfully in soil surrounding, and site preparation is at ribbon knot
Structure；
(4) cave is dug：Cave is dug by the specification of 30cm × 30cm × 40cm on the row of ribbon ridge, and is first spread in each cave
One layer of cobblestone then applies 6kg organic fertilizers, and uniformly sprinkles 0.5-1kg lime in the top of organic fertilizer, is then returned with soil
It fills out；
(5) it transplants：First use is added to the mud dipping sapling root of root-growing agent before plant, and when plant cuts 70% leaf
Son makes nursery stock root system in cave unfold, after seedling stem righting, the topsoil in back-filling in layers source points, and backfill requirement is fine crushing, every layer
Backfill is both needed to track tramping, and tree seedling root base portion soil lifts are above ground level, and moisture is irrigated for every plant after field planting；
(6) tending management：
A, it weeds with a hoe：The current year of oil tea sapling plantation only carries out weeding, and without loosening the soil, second year rises, and loosens the soil every year
Weeding 2-3 times, before and after selection of time annual rainy season, 10 centimetres of pine soil depth；
B, it irrigates：After afforestation, in annual arid season, seedling is once poured weekly；
C, it applies fertilizer：The forest land that base manure was applied when plantation, the current year after plantation do not apply fertilizer, and second year rises, every year in spring
It respectively applies fertilizer with winter 1 time；Fertilizer applied in the spring season is per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.8kg, urea 0.4kg；Winter applies fertilizer every plant of organic fertilizer 15kg；
D, after-culture and shaping：The current year of afforestation or second year carry out seedling after-culture in rainy season；The shaping general winter in spring is advisable,
Early spring is best, trimming mainly cut off overstocked branch, leftover bits and pieces branch, overlapping branch, sick branch, withered branch, parasitic branch, aging branch and, trimming
Notch it is smooth, the sick branch cut, parasitic worm branch should be moved out and be burnt outside woods as early as possible.
(7) disease control：
A, Oil Tea Anthracnose is to endanger the larger Major Diseases of oil tea, the July of onset peak period to September, with 1% Bordeaux
Liquid adds 2% tea bran water to spray 3 to 4 times, or holds 800 times of liquid of wettable powder, the even spray 4 to 5 of 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid with bacterium is moved back
It is secondary；
B, leafeating insect mainly has oil tea ruler Pallas pit viper, beautiful line weevil etc., using adult phototaxis, with light trap, larva
1000 to 1500 times of phase sprayable metrifonate, DDVP liquid can also apply the biological pesticides such as muscardine, Dipel to carry out poison
It kills, autumn combines to cultivate to earth up again and pupa is embedded in 60 centimetres or less soil, is allowed to be not easy to sprout wings；Endanger limb, Fruit Pests
Mainly there are tea oecophorid, coccid and tea seed weevil, its seemingly-dead property can be utilized, manually slaughter or spray 1000 times of 90% metrifonate
Liquid is sprayed, and coccid is in 40% flolimat, 1000 times of liquid sprays in March to April.
Embodiment 2
(1) forest land selects：Select the sandy hills mountain in slope that 500 meters of height above sea level soil layer below is deep fertile and moisture is sufficient
Hilllock, and the high mountain soil gradient in slope is 8-15 degree；
(2) seedling selects：Selection nursery stock is biennial grafting, and high 30cm, the thick 0.35-0.37cm of base diameter, root is complete,
No disease and pests harm；
(3) site preparation：Mid-September carries out site preparation in the fall, and holds gutter successfully in soil surrounding, and site preparation is at ribbon knot
Structure；
(4) cave is dug：Cave is dug by the specification of 30cm × 30cm × 40cm on the row of ribbon ridge, and is first spread in each cave
One layer of cobblestone then applies 10kg organic fertilizers, and uniformly sprinkles 0.5-1kg lime in the top of organic fertilizer, then uses soil
Backfill；
(5) it transplants：First use is added to the mud dipping sapling root of root-growing agent before plant, and when plant cuts 70% leaf
Son makes nursery stock root system in cave unfold, after seedling stem righting, the topsoil in back-filling in layers source points, and backfill requirement is fine crushing, every layer
Backfill is both needed to track tramping, and tree seedling root base portion soil lifts are above ground level, and moisture is irrigated for every plant after field planting；
(6) tending management：
A, it weeds with a hoe：The current year of oil tea sapling plantation only carries out weeding, and without loosening the soil, second year rises, and loosens the soil every year
Weeding 2-3 times, before and after selection of time annual rainy season, 10 centimetres of pine soil depth；
B, it irrigates：After afforestation, in annual arid season, seedling is once poured weekly；
C, it applies fertilizer：The forest land that base manure was applied when plantation, the current year after plantation do not apply fertilizer, and second year rises, every year in spring
It respectively applies fertilizer with winter 1 time；Fertilizer applied in the spring season is per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 1.5kg, urea 0.4kg；Winter applies fertilizer every plant of organic fertilizer 20kg；
D, after-culture and shaping：The current year of afforestation or second year carry out seedling after-culture in rainy season；The shaping general winter in spring is advisable,
Early spring is best, trimming mainly cut off overstocked branch, leftover bits and pieces branch, overlapping branch, sick branch, withered branch, parasitic branch, aging branch and, trimming
Notch it is smooth, the sick branch cut, parasitic worm branch should be moved out and be burnt outside woods as early as possible.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of breeding method of camellia oleifera lam, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) forest land selects：The sandy hills hummock in slope that 500 meters of height above sea level soil layer below is deep fertile and moisture is sufficient is selected,
And the high mountain soil gradient in slope is 8-15 degree；
(2) seedling selects：Selection nursery stock be annual choiceness grafting, high 14-16cm, the thick 0.20-0.28cm of base diameter,
Biennial grafting height of seedling 30cm, the thick 0.35-0.37cm of base diameter, root is complete, no disease and pests harm；
(3) site preparation：Mid-September carries out site preparation in the fall, and holds gutter successfully in soil surrounding, and site preparation is at belt structure；
(4) cave is dug：Cave is dug by the specification of 30-40cm × 30-40cm × 40-45cm on the row of ribbon ridge, and in each cave
First layer overlay cobblestone then applies 5-10kg organic fertilizers, and uniformly sprinkles 0.5-1kg lime in the top of organic fertilizer,
Then earthen backfill is used；
(5) it transplants：First use is added to the mud dipping sapling root of root-growing agent before plant, and when plant cuts 70% leaf, makes
Nursery stock root system in cave is unfolded, after seedling stem righting, the topsoil in back-filling in layers source points, and backfill requires fine crushing, every layer of backfill
Soil is both needed to track tramping, and tree seedling root base portion soil lifts are above ground level, and moisture is irrigated for every plant after field planting；
(6) tending management：
A, it weeds with a hoe：The current year of oil tea sapling plantation only carries out weeding, and without loosening the soil, second year rises, and weeds with a hoe every year
2-3 times, before and after selection of time annual rainy season, 10 centimetres of pine soil depth；
B, it irrigates：After afforestation, in annual arid season, seedling is once poured weekly；
C, it applies fertilizer：The forest land that base manure was applied when plantation, the current year after plantation do not apply fertilizer, and second year rises, every year in spring and winter
Season respectively fertilising 1 time；
D, after-culture and shaping：The current year of afforestation or second year carry out seedling after-culture in rainy season；The shaping general winter in spring is advisable, early spring
Most preferably, trimming mainly cut off overstocked branch, leftover bits and pieces branch, overlapping branch, sick branch, withered branch, parasitic branch, aging branch and, trimming is cut
Mouth wants the sick branch smoothly cut, parasitic worm branch that should move out and be burnt outside woods as early as possible.
2. the breeding method of camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step c of step (6), spring applies
Fertilizer is per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 0.5-1.5kg, urea 0.4kg；Winter applies fertilizer every plant of organic fertilizer 10-20kg.
3. the breeding method of camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil soil of step (1) forest land selection
The acidity-basicity ph value of earth is 5.2-6.0.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810562258.9A CN108738994A (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2018-06-05 | A kind of breeding method of camellia oleifera lam |
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| CN201810562258.9A CN108738994A (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2018-06-05 | A kind of breeding method of camellia oleifera lam |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109496644A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-22 | 谢裕大茶叶股份有限公司 | The bush trimming method that a kind of leaf, fruit are taken in concurrently |
| CN111869494A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-03 | 黄冈市林业科学研究所 | Water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for young tea-oil tree forest |
-
2018
- 2018-06-05 CN CN201810562258.9A patent/CN108738994A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109496644A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-22 | 谢裕大茶叶股份有限公司 | The bush trimming method that a kind of leaf, fruit are taken in concurrently |
| CN111869494A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-03 | 黄冈市林业科学研究所 | Water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for young tea-oil tree forest |
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Application publication date: 20181106 |