CN111869494A - Water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for young tea-oil tree forest - Google Patents

Water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for young tea-oil tree forest Download PDF

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CN111869494A
CN111869494A CN202010807540.6A CN202010807540A CN111869494A CN 111869494 A CN111869494 A CN 111869494A CN 202010807540 A CN202010807540 A CN 202010807540A CN 111869494 A CN111869494 A CN 111869494A
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camellia oleifera
seedlings
months
soil
suspension
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谢川
任函
程志军
万志文
杨秋玲
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Huanggang Forestry Research Institute
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Huanggang Forestry Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for water retention and drought resistance of a young camellia oleifera forest, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting oil tea seedlings; (2) and (3) full reclamation and land preparation and planting: digging and cultivating depth of 50-60cm, opening holes, and scattering water-retaining agent at the bottom of the holes, then scattering special bacterial fertilizer for camellia oleifera, and planting camellia oleifera seedlings; (3) covering the camellia oleifera seedlings with grass: covering the cut weeds and the rape pod shells around the oil tea seedlings; (4) intercropping of young tea-oil trees: planting and afforesting camellia oleifera seedlings for the same year for 5 months, and intercropping dandelion in the camellia oleifera seedlings; (5) and (5) managing the camellia oleifera young forest, namely finishing the cultivation of the camellia oleifera young forest. The invention prepares PGPR bacterial suspension, then mixes with chicken manure and biochar to cultivate special bacterial manure for camellia oleifera abel, introduces dandelion into planting modes such as water retention agent and grass mulching, and uses the intercropped dandelion to play the roles of keeping warm and retaining water for camellia oleifera abel seedlings, thereby effectively solving the problems of drought, freezing damage and the like of the camellia oleifera abel young forest, improving the content of organic matters and nutrients in the soil of the camellia oleifera abel forest and increasing the economic value of the camellia oleifera abel forest.

Description

Water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for young tea-oil tree forest
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for a young camellia oleifera forest.
Background
At present, the use of organic fertilizers and rhizobacteria (PGPR) promoting plant growth is a substitute for an environment-friendly inorganic fertilizer, which is applied to soil to improve soil environmental conditions and enhance ecosystem productivity, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture and forestry. Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera Abel.) belongs to the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae, is a unique woody oil tree species in China, and is planted in a large area in the south. The problems of low fertilizer utilization efficiency, pollution to forest land and water environment, poor water retention, drought resistance and cold resistance and the like exist in tea-oil tree afforestation. At the present stage, the water retention, drought resistance and cold resistance of the camellia oleifera are mainly realized by a tending method, but the water retention, drought resistance and cold resistance are started before seedling afforestation, so that the seedling effect is not ideal.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a water-retention and drought-resistant cultivation method for a young camellia oleifera forest, and aims to obtain a cultivation method capable of effectively maintaining the water content of soil in the young camellia oleifera forest and improving the drought resistance and cold resistance of the camellia oleifera.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for water retention and drought resistance of tea-oil tree young forest comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting oil tea seedlings: selecting a seedling of a biennial camellia oleifera air root pruning container which grows strongly, has developed root systems, has a trunk diameter of 0.35-0.4cm, a seedling height of 0.3-0.4m and no diseases and insect pests;
(2) and (3) fully cultivating and preparing land (gentle slope with slope less than 15 degrees), and planting: digging and cultivating at a depth of 50-60cm, digging holes at fixed points according to (2-3) x 3m plant row spacing after digging and cultivating, uniformly and dispersedly placing 80-100g of water-retaining agent at the bottom of the hole, uniformly and dispersedly placing 15-20kg of special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings selected in the step (1), leveling the field, and watering root fixing water;
(3) covering the camellia oleifera seedlings with grass: covering the cut weeds and the shells of the rape pods around the oil tea seedlings planted in the step (2);
(4) intercropping of young tea-oil trees: planting and afforesting camellia oleifera seedlings for the same year and 5 months, intercropping the camellia oleifera seedlings for dandelion, and cultivating and tending, wherein the distance between the intercropped dandelion and a seedling root system is more than or equal to 50 cm;
(5) managing the young tea-oil tree forest: planting at the end of 10 months in the current year, applying compound fertilizer and spraying CaC12An aqueous solution; applying fertilizer once in spring and autumn in the next year, applying urea in spring, applying special bacterial fertilizer for Camellia oleifera in autumn, and spraying CaC12And D, finishing the cultivation of the young tea-oil trees by using the aqueous solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), the whole land is reclaimed (gentle slope with slope less than 15 degrees), more particularly, the land is planted, the land is excavated from bottom to top along the slope during land preparation, the soil block is turned to enable the grass roots to face upwards, the excavation and reclamation depth is determined according to the soil condition and is generally 50-60cm, after excavation and reclamation, fixed-point holes are opened according to the row spacing of (2-3) × 3m plants, the hole holes are 60cm (long) and X60cm (wide) and X40cm (deep), 80-100g of water-retaining agent is uniformly scattered at the bottom of the hole holes, 2cm-5cm of soil is covered, 15-20kg of special bacterial manure for the camellia oleifera is uniformly scattered, then 15cm of soil is continuously covered, the camellia oleifera seedlings selected in the step (1) are planted, the land is leveled, root fixing water is poured, and watering is carried out again after.
Preferably, the bacterial manure special for camellia oleifera in the step (2) and the step (5) are the same substance, and the bacterial manure special for camellia oleifera is prepared according to the following operation steps:
collecting bacterial sources: collecting fresh rhizosphere soil (less than 45 cm) of Camellia oleifera surface layer, culturing for many years, placing into a conical flask containing 90ml of 0.85% physiological saline, placing the conical flask on a rotary oscillator, oscillating for 15min to obtain diluted solution with concentration of 10-1cfu/g soil suspension, 1ml diluted 10-1cfu/g suspension was added to a test tube containing 9ml of physiological saline to give a diluted concentration of 10-2cfu/g soil suspension, and the like to prepare the diluted concentration of 10- 4cfu/g soil suspension is mixed evenly for standby;
(ii) separation and purification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50 mu L of cfu/g soil suspension on a sterilized NFM (Nitrogen Free Medium) culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies by a plate streaking method, selecting strains with rapid growth and moderate colonies again, inoculating on an NFM test tube slant culture medium, storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting strains with fixed nitrogen for activation (culturing the strains in a proper culture medium, and performing step-by-step amplification culture to obtain pure and strong cultures for activation), inoculating on an LB liquid culture medium, placing on a shaker constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for shake culture for 2-3d, and preparing into suspension with fixed nitrogen strains;
(iii) separation and purification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50 μ L cfu/g soil suspension to sterilized selective PKO inorganic phosphorus culture medium and Monkina organic phosphorus solid culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C in constant temperature incubator, streaking to obtain pure single colony with phosphorus-dissolving ring, inoculating to new Pikovskaia's Medium (PKO) culture medium and Monkina organic phosphorus solid culture medium, culturing at 4 deg.C in refrigerator, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting strain with phosphorus-dissolving function for activation (culturing in suitable culture medium, gradually enlarging and culturing to obtain pure and strong culture for activation), inoculating to solid culture medium, and placing in 28 deg.C shaking incubatorPerforming shake culture for 2-3d, and preparing into suspension with phosphorus-dissolving strain;
(iv) separating and purifying potassium bacteria: taking the diluted concentration obtained in step (i) as 10-4Inoculating 50 mu L of cfu/g soil suspension on a sterilized potassium feldspar solid culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies by using a plate marking method, respectively inoculating on a new potassium feldspar solid culture medium for culturing, storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting strains with potassium-solubilizing capacity for activation (the strains are put into a proper culture medium for culturing, and the pure and strong culture is obtained by step-by-step amplification culture for activation), inoculating on an LB liquid culture medium, placing on a shaking table constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for shaking culture for 2-3d, and then preparing into suspension with the potassium-solubilizing capacity;
(v) PGPR strain suspension: isovolumetrically mixing the suspension with the nitrogen-fixing strain obtained in the step (ii), the suspension with the phosphorus-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iii) and the suspension with the potassium-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iv) to obtain a PGPR strain suspension;
and (vi) mixing the chicken manure and the biochar according to the volume ratio of 2:1, adding the PGPR strain suspension obtained in the step (v) of mixing the chicken manure and the biochar to obtain a substance with the volume ratio of 1%, fully mixing uniformly, and culturing at 28-30 ℃ for 7d to obtain the special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
Preferably, the chicken manure fertilizer obtained in the step (vi) is obtained after fermentation, chicken manure, sawdust or rice husk and Japanese EM composite strain are mixed, namely 85% of chicken manure, 14.5% of sawdust or rice husk and 0.5% of Japanese EM composite strain are mixed according to mass percentage to prepare compost, then aerobic compost fermentation is carried out, in the fermentation process, the moisture content of the compost is controlled to be 50%, the compost is stirred when the temperature is higher than 50 ℃, the whole fermentation process is turned over for 3-4 times, and the fermentation lasts for 7-10 days.
Preferably, the biochar in the step (vi) is obtained by carbonizing crop straws (wheat) for 3 hours at 600 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, and the biochar has the particle size of 40 meshes and the pH of 6.7-7.2.
Preferably, the cut weeds and rape pod shells in the step (3) are covered around the camellia oleifera seedlings planted in the step (2), the grass covering is not carried out for 10cm around the seedlings, the thickness of the peripheral grass covering is 5cm, and the grass covering surface is more than 60cm multiplied by 60 cm.
Preferably, the dandelion intercropping method in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
(a) sowing: selecting seeds of French thick leaf dandelion for drilling in a row at 5 months, digging shallow trenches with the depth of 1-1.5cm on the surface of the furrow for drilling according to the row spacing of 25-30cm, then seeding, covering soil in time after seeding, slightly pressurizing to be solid, scattering a thin layer of rape husks on the seeding furrow in time after seeding, and spraying water to keep the soil moist;
(b) weeding and thinning: weeding and thinning can be carried out after seedling emergence for about 10 days, the distance between seedlings is 8-10cm, the row spacing of the set seedlings is 30cm after 1 month, and the distance between seedlings is 15 cm;
(c) seedling management: the dandelion is suitable for being planted in sandy loam with fertility, moisture, looseness and high organic matter content, besides the base fertilizer is applied in combination with soil preparation, the dandelion is timely fertilized to supplement soil nutrients after cutting leaves every time in the growth period, and 37500kg of organic fertilizer is applied every hectare every time;
(d) and (3) harvesting the dandelion: harvesting in 8 months and 10 months of the year, harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 2 years, and harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 3 years.
Preferably, in the step (5), at the end of 10 months in the current year, 100g of compound fertilizer and spray CaC1 are applied to each plant2The mass concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.2 percent; fertilizing once in spring and autumn of the next year, applying 100g of urea to each plant in spring, applying 20kg of special bacterial fertilizer for camellia oleifera in autumn, and spraying 0.2% of CaC12An aqueous solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for a tea-oil tree young forest, which comprises the steps of taking tea-oil tree root system soil which is forested as bacteria source soil, screening out strains with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution through different culture media, inoculating the strains to an LB culture medium, preparing the strains into PGPR (PGPR) bacterial suspension, mixing the PGPR bacterial suspension with chicken manure and biochar to cultivate special tea-oil tree bacterial manure, innovating with planting modes such as a water retention agent and grass mulching, introducing dandelion for intercropping, tending by means of ploughing, and achieving the purposes of keeping warm and retaining water for tea-oil tree seedlings by using the intercropped dandelion, so that the problems of drought, freezing damage and the like of the tea-oil tree young forest are effectively solved, the content of organic matters and nutrients in the tea-oil tree forest soil is increased, and the; furthermore, intercropping the dandelion can also improve the land utilization rate and increase the profit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of intercropping dandelion of the present invention, wherein 1 is the acupoint camellia oleifera and 2 is dandelion.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, but it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The raw materials used in the examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The medium used in the examples, nfm (nitrogen Free medium): CaC12·2H2O0.02g；MgSO4·7H20.2g of O; 5.0g of malic acid; k2HPO40.5 g; KOH 4.5 g; vitamin H10 μ g; NaMoO4·2H2O0.002g; 5mL of olfactory thymol blue (BTB) (0.5%); NaCl 0.1 g; agar powder 1.8% (solid medium) or 0.2% (semi-solid medium); 1000mL of distilled water; pH 7.0;
pikovskaia's Medium (PKO) Medium: ca3(PO4)23g；(NH4)2SO40.5g；NaCl 0.1g；MgSO4·7H2O 0.1g；KCl 0.2g；FeSO4(trace) 0.004 g/L; MnSO4(trace) 0.004 g/L; 10g of cane sugar; 0.4g of yeast extract; 15g of agar powder; 1000mL of distilled water; pH 7.0 Shi 0.1;
monkina organophosphorus culture medium: 10g of cane sugar; (NH)4)2SO40.5g；NaCl 0.3g；KCl 0.3g；FeSO4·7H2O 0.03g；MnSO4·4H2O 0.03g；CaCO35g of the total weight of the mixture; 0.2g of lecithin; 0.4g of yeast extract; 20g of agar powder; 1000mL of distilled water; pH 7.0-7.5;
potassium feldspar culture medium: 5g of cane sugar; MgSO (MgSO)4·7H2O 0.5g；NaHPO40.2g；CaCO30.1g；FeCl30.05 g; 1.0g of potassium feldspar powder; 18g of agar powder; steaming foodDistilled water is 1000 mL;
LB (Luria-Bertani) medium: peptone 10.0 g; 5.0g of yeast extract; 5.0g of sodium chloride; 18.0g of agar powder; 1000m of distilled water; pH 7.1 Shih 0.1;
the prepared culture medium is sterilized at 121 ℃ for later use.
Example 1
A cultivation method for water retention and drought resistance of tea-oil tree young forest comprises the following specific operation steps:
the special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is prepared according to the following method:
collecting bacterial sources: collecting fresh oil Camellia surface layer 45cm and rhizosphere soil 10g of good growth after cultivation for 10 years, placing into conical flask containing 90ml of 0.85% normal saline (both normal saline and conical flask are sterilized), placing conical flask on rotary oscillator, oscillating for 15min at 180r/min to obtain diluted solution with concentration of 10-1cfu/g soil suspension, 1ml diluted 10-1cfu/g suspension was added to a test tube containing 9ml of physiological saline to give a diluted concentration of 10-2cfu/g soil suspension, and the like to prepare the diluted concentration of 10-4cfu/g soil suspension is mixed evenly for standby;
(ii) separation and purification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50uL cfu/g soil suspension to a sterilized NFM (Nitrogen Free Medium) culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies by a plate streaking method, selecting strains with rapid growth and moderate colonies again, inoculating to an NFM test tube slant culture medium, storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting strains with fixed nitrogen for activation (culturing the strains in a proper culture medium, and performing step-by-step amplification culture to obtain pure and strong cultures for activation), inoculating to an LB liquid culture medium, placing on a shaker constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 150r/min for shaking culture for 2-3d, and preparing into suspension with the fixed nitrogen strains;
(iii) separation and purification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-450uL of cfu/g soil suspension is inoculated on a sterilized selective PKO inorganic phosphorus culture medium and Monkina organic phosphorus solid culture medium and placed onCulturing in a constant temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies with a phosphorus-dissolving ring by a plate-drawing method, inoculating the single colonies on a new Pikovskaia's Medium (PKO) culture Medium and a Monkina organophosphorus solid culture Medium, culturing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting strains with dissolved phosphorus for activation, inoculating the strains on an LB liquid culture Medium, placing the strains on a shaking table constant temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for shaking culture at 150r/min for 2-3d, and preparing into a suspension with dissolved phosphorus strains;
(iv) separating and purifying potassium bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50uL cfu/g soil suspension on a sterilized potassium feldspar solid culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies by using a plate marking method, respectively inoculating on a new potassium feldspar solid culture medium for culturing, storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting a strain with potassium-dissolving capacity for activation, inoculating on an LB liquid culture medium, placing on a shaking table incubator at 28 ℃ for 150r/min for shaking culture for 2-3d, and preparing into a suspension with the potassium-dissolving capacity;
(v) PGPR strain suspension: isovolumetrically mixing the suspension with the nitrogen-fixing strain obtained in the step (ii), the suspension with the phosphorus-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iii) and the suspension with the potassium-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iv) to obtain a PGPR strain suspension;
(vi) mixing the chicken manure and the biochar according to the volume ratio of 2:1, adding the PGPR strain suspension obtained in the step (v) of which the volume ratio of the substance obtained by mixing the chicken manure and the biochar is 1%, fully mixing uniformly, and then culturing for 7d at 28-30 ℃ to obtain the special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera; wherein, the chicken manure is obtained after fermentation, the chicken manure, the chaff and the Japanese EM composite strain are mixed, namely 85 percent of the chicken manure, 14.5 percent of the chaff and 0.5 percent of the Japanese EM composite strain are mixed according to the mass percentage to prepare compost, then aerobic compost fermentation is carried out, in the fermentation process, the moisture content of the compost is controlled to be 50 percent, the compost is stirred when the temperature is higher than 50 ℃, the whole fermentation process is turned over for 3-4 times and is fermented for 7-10 days; the biochar is prepared by carbonizing crop straws (wheat) for 3 hours at 600 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, the particle size of the biochar is 40 meshes, and the pH value is 6.7-7.2;
(1) selecting oil tea seedlings: selecting a seedling in a container for repairing roots of the biennial camellia oleifera with vigorous growth, developed root system, trunk diameter of 0.35cm, seedling height of 0.4m and no plant diseases and insect pests by air;
(2) and (3) fully cultivating and preparing land (gentle slope with slope less than 15 degrees), and planting: excavating along the slope from bottom to top during land preparation, turning soil blocks to enable grass roots to face upwards, excavating and cultivating depth is determined according to soil conditions and is generally 50-60cm, excavating and cultivating later, opening holes at fixed points according to 2X 3m plant row spacing, wherein the hole is 60cm (long) X60cm (wide) X40cm (deep), 80g of water-retaining agent is uniformly dispersed at the bottom of the hole, covering 2cm-5cm of soil, then uniformly dispersing 15kg of bacterial fertilizer for later use in the step (vi), then continuously covering the soil by 15cm, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings selected in the step (1), leveling the field, watering root fixing water of ABT rooting liquid diluted by 50 times, and watering once again after 10 days;
(3) covering the camellia oleifera seedlings with grass: covering the cut weeds and rape pod shells around the camellia oleifera seedlings planted in the step (2), wherein the grass does not cover the seedlings 10cm in circumference, the grass covers the seedlings 5cm in thickness, and the grass covers are 60cm multiplied by 60cm above;
(4) intercropping of young tea-oil trees: planting and afforesting camellia oleifera seedlings for the same year and 5 months, intercropping the camellia oleifera seedlings for dandelion, and cultivating and tending, wherein the distance between the intercropped dandelion and a seedling root system is more than or equal to 50 cm;
the dandelion intercropping method comprises the following operation steps:
(a) sowing: selecting seeds of French thick leaf dandelion for drilling in a row at 5 months, digging shallow trenches with the depth of 1-1.5cm on the surface of the furrow for drilling according to the row spacing of 25-30cm, then seeding, covering soil in time after seeding, slightly pressurizing to be solid, scattering a thin layer of rape husks on the seeding furrow in time after seeding, and spraying water to keep the soil moist;
(b) weeding and thinning: weeding and thinning can be carried out after seedling emergence for about 10 days, the distance between seedlings is 8-10cm, the row spacing of the set seedlings is 30cm after 1 month, and the distance between seedlings is 15 cm;
(c) seedling management: the dandelion is suitable for being planted in sandy loam with fertility, moisture, looseness and high organic matter content, besides the base fertilizer is applied in combination with soil preparation, the dandelion is timely fertilized to supplement soil nutrients after cutting leaves every time in the growth period, and 37500kg of organic fertilizer is applied every hectare every time;
(d) and (3) harvesting the dandelion: harvesting in 8 months and 10 months of the year, harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 2 years, and harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 3 years;
(5) managing the young tea-oil tree forest: at the end of 10 months in the year, 100g of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 0.2 percent of CaC1 is sprayed2An aqueous solution; fertilizing once in spring and autumn of the next year, applying 100g of urea to each plant in spring, applying 20kg of the camellia oleifera microbial organic fertilizer prepared in the step (vi) in autumn, and spraying 0.2% of CaC12And D, finishing the cultivation of the young tea-oil trees by using the aqueous solution.
Example 2
A cultivation method for water retention and drought resistance of tea-oil tree young forest comprises the following specific operation steps:
the special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is prepared according to the following method:
collecting bacterial sources: collecting fresh oil Camellia surface layer 45cm rhizosphere soil 10g of good growth after cultivation for 10 years, placing into conical flask containing 90ml of 0.85% normal saline (normal saline and conical flask are sterilized), placing conical flask on rotary oscillator, oscillating for 15min at 180r/min to obtain soil suspension, diluting with 1ml of 10% diluted concentration-1cfu/g suspension was added to a test tube containing 9ml of physiological saline to give a diluted concentration of 10-2cfu/g soil suspension, and so on to prepare a dilution concentration of 10-4cfu/g soil suspension is mixed evenly for standby;
(ii) separation and purification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50uL of the soil suspension to a sterilized NFM (Nitrogen Free Medium) culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies by a plate-streaking method, selecting strains with rapid growth and moderate colonies again, inoculating to an NFM test tube slant culture medium, storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting strains with fixed nitrogen for activation (culturing the strains in a proper culture medium, performing step-by-step amplification culture to obtain pure and strong cultures for activation), inoculating to an LB liquid culture medium, performing shake culture on a shaking table incubator at 28 ℃ for 150r/min for 2-3d, and preparing into a suspension with the fixed nitrogen strains;
(iii) separation and purification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Soil of cfu/gInoculating 50uL of soil suspension to a sterilized selective PKO inorganic phosphorus culture Medium and a Monkina organic phosphorus solid culture Medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies with phosphorus dissolving rings by a plate-scribing method, inoculating to a new Pikovskaia's Medium (PKO) culture Medium and a Monkina organic phosphorus solid culture Medium, culturing at 4 ℃ in a refrigerator, performing transfer preservation every 3 months, selecting strains with dissolved phosphorus, activating, inoculating to an LB liquid culture Medium, performing shake culture on a shaker constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 2-3d at 150r/min, and preparing into suspension with dissolved phosphorus strains;
(iv) separating and purifying potassium bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50uL cfu/g soil suspension on a sterilized potassium feldspar solid culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies by using a plate marking method, respectively inoculating on a new potassium feldspar solid culture medium for culturing, storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting a strain with potassium-dissolving capacity for activation, inoculating on an LB liquid culture medium, placing on a shaking table incubator at 28 ℃ for 150r/min for shaking culture for 2-3d, and preparing into a suspension with the potassium-dissolving capacity;
(v) PGPR strain suspension: isovolumetrically mixing the suspension with the nitrogen-fixing strain obtained in the step (ii), the suspension with the phosphorus-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iii) and the suspension with the potassium-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iv) to obtain a PGPR strain suspension;
(vi) mixing the chicken manure and the biochar according to the volume ratio of 2:1, adding the PGPR strain suspension obtained in the step (v) of which the volume ratio of the substance obtained by mixing the chicken manure and the biochar is 1%, fully mixing uniformly, and then culturing for 7d at 28-30 ℃ to obtain the special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera; wherein, the chicken manure is obtained after fermentation, the chicken manure, the rice husk and the Japanese EM composite strain are mixed, namely 85 percent of the chicken manure, 14.5 percent of the rice husk and 0.5 percent of the Japanese EM composite strain are mixed according to the mass percentage to prepare compost, then aerobic compost fermentation is carried out, in the fermentation process, the moisture content of the compost is controlled to be 50 percent, the compost is stirred when the temperature is higher than 50 ℃, the whole fermentation process is stirred for 3-4 times, and the fermentation lasts for 7-10 days; the biochar is prepared by carbonizing crop straws (wheat) for 3 hours at 600 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, the particle size of the biochar is 40 meshes, and the pH value is 6.7-7.2;
(1) selecting oil tea seedlings: selecting a seedling in a container for repairing roots of the biennial camellia oleifera with vigorous growth, developed root system, trunk diameter of 0.4cm, seedling height of 0.35m and no plant diseases and insect pests by air;
(2) and (3) fully cultivating and preparing land (gentle slope with slope less than 15 degrees), and planting: excavating along the slope from bottom to top during land preparation, turning soil blocks to enable grass roots to face upwards, excavating and cultivating depth is determined according to soil conditions and is generally 50-60cm, excavating and cultivating later, opening holes at fixed points according to 2X 3m plant row spacing, wherein the hole is 60cm (long) X60cm (wide) X40cm (deep), uniformly scattering 100g of water-retaining agent at the bottom of the hole, covering 2cm-5cm of soil, uniformly scattering 20kg of bacterial fertilizer for later use in the step (vi), continuously covering 15cm of soil, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings selected in the step (1), leveling the field, pouring root fixing water for diluting 100 times of ABT rooting liquid, and pouring once again after 10 days; (3) covering the camellia oleifera seedlings with grass: covering the cut weeds and rape pod shells around the camellia oleifera seedlings planted in the step (2), wherein the grass does not cover the seedlings 10cm in circumference, the grass covers the seedlings 5cm in thickness, and the grass covers are 60cm multiplied by 60cm above;
(4) intercropping of young tea-oil trees: planting and afforesting camellia oleifera seedlings for the same year and 5 months, intercropping the camellia oleifera seedlings for dandelion, and cultivating and tending, wherein the distance between the intercropped dandelion and a seedling root system is more than or equal to 50 cm;
the dandelion intercropping method comprises the following operation steps:
(a) sowing: selecting seeds of French thick leaf dandelion for drilling in a row at 5 months, digging shallow trenches with the depth of 1-1.5cm on the surface of the furrow for drilling according to the row spacing of 25-30cm, then seeding, covering soil in time after seeding, slightly pressurizing to be solid, scattering a thin layer of rape husks on the seeding furrow in time after seeding, and spraying water to keep the soil moist;
(b) weeding and thinning: weeding and thinning can be carried out after seedling emergence for about 10 days, the distance between seedlings is 8-10cm, the row spacing of the set seedlings is 30cm after 1 month, and the distance between seedlings is 15 cm;
(c) seedling management: the dandelion is suitable for being planted in sandy loam with fertility, moisture, looseness and high organic matter content, besides the base fertilizer is applied in combination with soil preparation, the dandelion is timely fertilized to supplement soil nutrients after cutting leaves every time in the growth period, and 37500kg of organic fertilizer is applied every hectare every time;
(d) and (3) harvesting the dandelion: harvesting in 8 months and 10 months of the year, harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 2 years, and harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 3 years;
(5) managing the young tea-oil tree forest: at the end of 10 months in the year, 100g of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 0.2 percent of CaC1 is sprayed2An aqueous solution; fertilizing once in spring and autumn of the next year, applying 100g of urea to each plant in spring, applying 20kg of the camellia oleifera microbial organic fertilizer prepared in the step (vi) in autumn, and spraying 0.2% of CaC12And D, finishing the cultivation of the young tea-oil trees by using the aqueous solution.
Comparative example 1
A cultivation method for water retention and drought resistance of tea-oil tree young forest comprises the following specific operation steps:
the chicken manure organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
mixing chicken manure with biochar 2:1, and culturing at 28-30 ℃ for 7d to obtain chicken manure organic fertilizer for later use; wherein, the chicken manure is obtained after fermentation, chicken manure, sawdust or rice husk and Japanese EM composite strain are mixed, namely 85 percent of chicken manure, 14.5 percent of sawdust and 0.5 percent of Japanese EM composite strain are mixed according to the mass percentage to prepare compost, then aerobic compost fermentation is carried out, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 50 percent in the fermentation process, the compost is stirred when the temperature is higher than 50 ℃, and the whole fermentation process is carried out for 3-4 times; the biochar is prepared by carbonizing crop straws (wheat) for 3 hours at 600 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, the particle size of the biochar is 40 meshes, and the pH value is 6.7-7.2;
(1) selecting oil tea seedlings: selecting a seedling in a container for repairing roots of the biennial camellia oleifera with vigorous growth, developed root system, trunk diameter of 0.35cm, seedling height of 0.4m and no plant diseases and insect pests by air;
(2) and (3) fully cultivating and preparing land (gentle slope with slope less than 15 degrees), and planting: excavating along the slope from bottom to top during land preparation, turning soil blocks to enable grass roots to face upwards, excavating and cultivating depth is determined according to soil conditions and is generally 50-60cm, excavating and cultivating later, opening holes at fixed points according to 2X 3m plant row spacing, wherein the hole is 60cm (long) X60cm (wide) X40cm (deep), 80g of water-retaining agent is uniformly dispersed at the bottom of the hole, covering 2cm-5cm of soil, then uniformly dispersing 15kg of bacterial fertilizer for later use in the step (vi), then continuously covering the soil by 15cm, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings selected in the step (1), leveling the field, watering root fixing water of ABT rooting liquid diluted by 50 times, and watering once again after 10 days;
(3) tea-oil tree seedling tectorial membrane: the mulching film can be cut into a square of 60cm multiplied by 60cm, a hole is punched in the middle, the mulching film is cut from the middle point of one side of the mulching film to a middle round hole and covered on the root of the seedling from the middle point, and the periphery and the cutting part of the mulching film are covered with surface soil;
(4) covering the camellia oleifera seedlings with grass: covering the cut weeds and rape pod shells around the oil tea seedlings planted in the step (2), wherein the grass does not cover the roots of the seedlings for 10cm, the grass covers the peripheries for 5cm, and the grass covers surface is more than 60 cm;
(5) managing the young tea-oil tree forest: planting for 10 months, applying 100g of compound fertilizer to each plant, and spraying 0.2% of CaC12An aqueous solution; fertilizing once in spring and autumn of the next year, applying 100g of urea to each plant in spring, applying 20kg of the camellia oleifera microbial organic fertilizer prepared in the step (vi) in autumn, and spraying 0.2% of CaC12An aqueous solution;
(6) intercropping of young tea-oil trees: planting for 10 months, applying 100g of compound fertilizer and spraying 0.2% CaC1 to each plant2An aqueous solution; applying fertilizer once in spring and autumn in the next year, applying 100g urea to each plant in spring, applying 20kg microbial organic fertilizer of Camellia oleifera and spraying 0.2% CaC12An aqueous solution.
Comparative example 2
In the present example, no special bacterial manure for tea was added, and the rest of the operation was exactly the same as in example 1.
Detection of
The plant height, the ground diameter, the root total plant, the root volume and the soil index (nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, measured by the method of Baysantin 'soil agrochemical analysis') of the camellia oleifera obtained in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 by cultivation for one year were measured, and the measurement results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 one-year morphology index for Camellia oleifera plantation
Examples of the invention Plant height (cm) Ground diameter (mm) Root total length (mm) Root volume (cm)3)
Example 1 52.5 38 236.23 16.8
Example 2 54.5 38.7 251.29 17.5
Comparative example 1 51.5 37.8 198.58 14.75
Comparative example 2 46.3 37.2 161.12 7.5
TABLE 2 one-year soil index for planting Camellia oleifera
Figure BDA0002629693190000121
Figure BDA0002629693190000131
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the application of organic fertilizers can improve the plant growth of the camellia oleifera, wherein the application of the special bacterial manure for camellia oleifera in examples 1 and 2 and the application of chicken manure in comparative example 1 can obviously improve the root growth of the camellia oleifera and promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil by applying the special bacterial manure for camellia oleifera in comparison with the application of chicken manure in comparative example 1.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A cultivation method for water retention and drought resistance of tea-oil tree young forest is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) selecting oil tea seedlings: selecting biennial camellia oleifera air root pruning container seedlings with the trunk diameter of 0.35-0.4cm and the seedling height of 0.3-0.4 m;
(2) and (3) full reclamation and land preparation and planting: digging and cultivating at a depth of 50-60cm, digging holes at fixed points according to (2-3) x 3m plant row spacing after digging and cultivating, scattering 80-100g of water-retaining agent at the bottom of the holes, scattering 15-20kg of special bacterial fertilizer for camellia oleifera, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings selected in the step (1), leveling the field, and watering the fixed roots;
(3) covering the camellia oleifera seedlings with grass: covering the cut weeds and the shells of the rape pods around the oil tea seedlings planted in the step (2);
(4) intercropping of young tea-oil trees: planting and afforesting camellia oleifera seedlings for the same year and 5 months, intercropping the camellia oleifera seedlings for dandelion, and cultivating and tending, wherein the distance between the intercropped dandelion and a seedling root system is more than or equal to 50 cm;
(5) managing the young tea-oil tree forest: planting at the end of 10 months in the current year, applying compound fertilizer and spraying CaC12An aqueous solution; applying fertilizer once in spring and autumn in the next year, applying urea in spring, applying special bacterial fertilizer for Camellia oleifera in autumn, and spraying CaC12And D, finishing the cultivation of the young tea-oil trees by using the aqueous solution.
2. The tilling method according to claim 1, wherein: the step (2) is to fully cultivate and plant the land, more particularly, the land is excavated from bottom to top along a slope during land preparation, soil blocks are overturned to enable grass roots to face upwards, the cultivation depth is 50-60cm, holes are dug at fixed points according to the row spacing of (2-3) × 3m after digging cultivation, the hole is 60cm (long) X60cm (wide) X40cm (deep), 80-100g of water-retaining agent is placed at the bottom of the hole, 2cm-5cm of soil is covered, 15-20kg of special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is evenly scattered, then the soil is continuously covered by 15cm, the camellia oleifera seedlings selected in the step (1) are planted, the land is leveled, root water is poured, and the land is watered again after 10 days.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the camellia oleifera special bacterial manure in the step (2) and the step (5) are all the same substance, and is prepared according to the following operation steps:
collecting bacterial sources: collecting fresh rhizosphere soil (less than 45 cm) of Camellia oleifera surface layer, culturing for many years, placing into a conical flask containing 90ml of 0.85% physiological saline, placing the conical flask on a rotary oscillator, oscillating for 15min to obtain diluted solution with concentration of 10-1cfu/g soil suspension, 1ml diluted 10-1cfu/g suspension was added to a test tube containing 9ml of physiological saline to give a diluted concentration of 10-2cfu/g soil suspension, and the like to prepare the diluted concentration of 10-4cfu/g soil suspension is mixed evenly for standby;
(ii) separation and purification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50 μ L cfu/g soil suspension on sterilized NFM culture medium, culturing in 28 deg.C incubator, and making into pure sheet by plate-streaking methodBacterial colony, selecting bacterial strain with rapid growth and moderate bacterial colony again to inoculate in NFM test tube slant culture medium, storing in refrigerator at 4 deg.C, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting bacterial strain with nitrogen fixation to activate, inoculating on LB liquid culture medium, placing on shaking table incubator at 28 deg.C to shake and culture for 2-3d, and then preparing into suspension with nitrogen fixation bacterial strain;
(iii) separation and purification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: taking the diluted concentration of 10 as the spare in the step (i)-4Inoculating 50 mu L of cfu/g soil suspension to a sterilized selective PKO inorganic phosphorus culture medium and a Monkina organic phosphorus solid culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single bacterial colonies with phosphorus-dissolving rings by using a plate marking method, inoculating to a new Pikovskaia's Medium culture medium and a Monkina organic phosphorus solid culture medium, culturing at 4 ℃ in a refrigerator, performing transfer preservation every 3 months, selecting strains with dissolved phosphorus, activating, inoculating to an LB solid culture medium, performing shake culture on a shaker constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 2-3d, and preparing into a suspension with dissolved phosphorus strains;
(iv) separating and purifying potassium bacteria: taking the diluted concentration obtained in step (i) as 10-4Inoculating 50 mu L of cfu/g soil suspension on a sterilized potassium feldspar solid culture medium, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, obtaining pure single colonies by using a plate marking method, respectively inoculating on a new potassium feldspar solid culture medium for culturing, storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, transferring and storing every 3 months, selecting a strain with potassium-dissolving capacity for activation, inoculating on an LB liquid culture medium, placing on a shaking table incubator at 28 ℃ for shake culture for 2-3d, and preparing into a suspension with the potassium-dissolving capacity;
(v) PGPR strain suspension: isovolumetrically mixing the suspension with the nitrogen-fixing strain obtained in the step (ii), the suspension with the phosphorus-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iii) and the suspension with the potassium-dissolving strain obtained in the step (iv) to obtain a PGPR strain suspension;
and (vi) mixing the chicken manure and the biochar according to the volume ratio of 2:1, adding the PGPR strain suspension obtained in the step (v) with the volume ratio of 1% of the substance obtained by mixing the chicken manure and the biochar, uniformly mixing, and then culturing at 28-30 ℃ for 7d to obtain the special bacterial fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
4. The tilling method according to claim 3, wherein: and (vi) the chicken manure is obtained after fermentation, chicken manure, sawdust or rice husk and Japanese EM composite strain are mixed, namely 85% of chicken manure, 14.5% of sawdust or rice husk and 0.5% of Japanese EM composite strain are mixed according to mass percentage to prepare compost, then aerobic compost fermentation is carried out, in the fermentation process, the moisture content of the compost is controlled to be 50%, the compost is stirred when the temperature is higher than 50 ℃, the whole fermentation process is turned over for 3-4 times, and the fermentation lasts for 7-10 days.
5. The tilling method according to claim 3, wherein: and (vi) carbonizing the biochar from the crop straws at 600 ℃ for 3 hours under an anaerobic condition, wherein the biochar has the particle size of 40 meshes and the pH value of 6.7-7.2.
6. The tilling method according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) covering the cut weeds and rape pod shells around the camellia oleifera seedlings planted in the step (2), wherein the grass does not cover the seedlings 10cm in circumference, the thickness of the peripheral grass covers is 5cm, and the grass covering surface is 60cm multiplied by 60 cm.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dandelion herb intercropping method in step (4) comprises the following steps:
(a) sowing: selecting seeds of French thick leaf dandelion for drilling in a row at 5 months, drilling shallow trenches with the depth of 1-1.5cm on the surface of a furrow according to the row spacing of 25-30cm, then seeding, covering soil in time after seeding, compacting, scattering a thin layer of rape husks on the seeding furrow in time after seeding, and spraying water to keep the soil moist;
(b) weeding and thinning: weeding and thinning seedlings at 10d of seedling emergence, wherein the distance between seedlings is 8-10cm, the row spacing of the set seedlings is 30cm after 1 month, and the plant spacing is 15 cm;
(c) seedling management: besides the combined soil preparation and application of the base fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied in time to supplement soil nutrients after cutting leaves every time during the growth period, and 37500kg of organic fertilizer is applied every hectare every time;
(d) and (3) harvesting the dandelion: harvesting in 8 months and 10 months of the year, harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 2 years, and harvesting in 6 months, 8 months and 10 months in 3 years.
8. The tilling method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), at the end of 10 months in the current year, 100g of compound fertilizer and sprayed CaC1 are applied to each plant2The mass concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.2 percent; fertilizing once in spring and autumn of the next year, applying 100g of urea to each plant in spring, applying 20kg of special bacterial fertilizer for camellia oleifera in autumn, and spraying 0.2% of CaC12An aqueous solution.
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