CN107258434A - A kind of oil tea high yield implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of oil tea high yield implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258434A CN107258434A CN201710492300.XA CN201710492300A CN107258434A CN 107258434 A CN107258434 A CN 107258434A CN 201710492300 A CN201710492300 A CN 201710492300A CN 107258434 A CN107258434 A CN 107258434A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 32
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000588697 Enterobacter cloacae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000589634 Xanthomonas Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRFDUPNLCDXZOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N camellianin b Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC=2C=3C(=O)C=C(OC=3C=C(O)C=2)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)OC1CO LRFDUPNLCDXZOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011649 selenium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016804 zinc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Got bumper crops implantation methods the invention provides a kind of oil tea, belong to agricultural plantation technology field, including the selection of oil tea planting site, site preparation, planted and step of topdressing.The high yield implantation methods that the present invention is provided, it passes through to transplanting the improvement of soil and using Special fertilizer for oil tea so that tea oil tree growth cycle is fast, and the yield of the 4th year reaches more than 500kg/ mus, reach within 5th year more than 600kg/ mus, the 6th year and reach more than 800kg/ mus later.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera.
Background
The Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera Abel) is one of four woody edible oil tree species in the world, is a unique woody oil in the south of China, is also an oil crop vigorously developed in China, and has a cultivation history of more than 2300 years in China. The camellia oleifera has high comprehensive utilization value, contains rich bioactive substances such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, camellin, tea polyphenol, vitamin E, zinc, selenium and the like, is high-quality health-care edible oil which can be comparable to olive oil, and therefore has high medicinal or edible value. At present, the planting of the tea-oil trees in China mainly follows the traditional method, so that the phenomena of long planting time, low yield and poor quality generally exist. In recent years, with the increase in the value of camellia oleifera and the increase in the price of oil and fat, studies on varieties and planting methods of camellia oleifera have been carried out, but most of them focus on the aspects of variety selection and planting management.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera, which comprises the following specific scheme:
a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a tea-oil tree planting field: selecting a Yilin mountainous region which has a slope below 30 ℃ and faces the sun, and removing stumps and weeds of trees or shrubs;
2) preparing soil, digging a ditch with the width of 50cm and the depth of 60cm at intervals of 3.0m, sequentially filling 10cm of bacteria residue powder or bacteria waste bag, 5-10cm of special oil tea fertilizer, 2-5cm of soil and ferrous sulfate, then filling the mixture with soil, pouring water solution containing microorganisms, thoroughly pouring, and naturally keeping for 1-2 months;
3) planting, namely planting non-woven fabric light matrix seedlings which are cultured according to a bud stock seedling grafting method and have the seedling height of more than 0.8m, wherein the planting distance is 1.5-2.0m, and the planting depth is 1-2cm higher than the ground level of a grafting opening;
4) topdressing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted, in 1 st and 2 nd years, applying nitrogen fertilizer for 3 times/month at a point 0.2-0.5m away from the seedlings in spring and summer rainy days, and at the beginning of the 3 rd year, applying camellia oleifera special fertilizer for 1-2 times in a ring shape along the periphery of a crown, wherein the depth is 5-20 cm; the high yield of the oil tea is realized after 3 to 4 years.
Further, the special fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of oil tea cake 100, 10-15 parts of leaves, 15-20 parts of animal manure, 1-3 parts of potassium hydroxide, 2-4 parts of phosphoric acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 1-3 parts of humic acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 1-3 parts of microorganism additive solution and 20-40 parts of chemical fertilizer; wherein,
the oil tea cake is the residual massive residues of oil tea seeds after baking and frying and squeezing out the oil tea;
the microorganism additive solution contains azotobacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus and actinomycetesThe concentration of the microorganism is 5 × 106CFU/mg is above;
the preparation method of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps of A, mixing the young tea cake with potassium hydroxide, watering to moisten the young tea cake, then placing the mixture in a closed container, and reacting at natural temperature for 1-5 days to obtain a mixture a; B. adding phosphoric acid into the mixture a, uniformly stirring, and standing for 1-10h to obtain a mixture b; C. mixing the mixture b with leaves, animal wastes, humic acid and a microbial additive, and fermenting for 5-10 days to obtain a mixture c; D. and (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the mixture c, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 20-30 days to obtain the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
Further, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the fertilizer is as follows: the nitrogen content is 13-17%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 2-4%, and the potassium oxide content is 3-5%.
Further, the mixing ratio of the soil to the ferrous sulfate is 100: 3 to 8.
Further, the aqueous solution containing the microorganisms contains the following microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, azotobacteria, and phosphorus bacteria, and the content of each microorganism is 105Above CFU/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the high-yield planting method provided by the invention, the transplanting soil is improved, and the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is used, so that the growth cycle of the camellia oleifera is fast, the yield in the fourth year reaches more than 500 kg/mu, the yield in the fifth year reaches more than 600 kg/mu, and the yield in the sixth year and later reaches more than 800 kg/mu.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the described.
Example one
The invention provides a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera, which comprises the following steps:
1. raw material preparation
Ferrous sulfate
Microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium and phosphorus bacteria;
the special fertilizer for the oil tea comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of oil tea cakes, 10 parts of leaves, 15 parts of animal wastes, 1 part of potassium hydroxide, 2 parts of phosphoric acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 1 part of humic acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 1 part of microorganism additive solution and 20 parts of chemical fertilizer, wherein the oil tea cakes are residual massive residues of tea seeds which are baked and fried and pressed to obtain tea oil, the microorganism additive solution contains azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus and actinomycetes, and the concentration of each microorganism is 5 × 106CFU/mg is above; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the fertilizer are as follows: the nitrogen content is 13%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 2%, and the potassium oxide content is 3%;
the preparation method of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps: A. firstly, mixing the young tea cakes with potassium hydroxide, watering to moisten the young tea cakes, then placing the mixture in a closed container, and reacting for 1 day at natural temperature to obtain a mixture a; B. adding phosphoric acid into the mixture a, uniformly stirring, and standing for 1h to obtain a mixture b; C. mixing the mixture b with leaves, animal wastes, humic acid and a microbial additive, and fermenting for 5 days to obtain a mixture c; D. and (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the mixture c, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 20 days to obtain the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
2. Planting of camellia oleifera
1) Selecting a tea-oil tree planting field: selecting a Yilin mountainous region which has a slope below 30 ℃ and faces the sun, and removing stumps and weeds of trees or shrubs;
2) preparing soil, digging a ditch with width of 50cm and depth of 60cm at intervals of 3.0m, sequentially filling 10cm of bacteria residue powder or bacteria bag waste, 5-10cm of special oil tea fertilizer, and 2-5cm of special oil tea fertilizerThe method comprises the following steps of (1) filling a mixture of cm soil and ferrous sulfate (the mixing ratio is 100: 3-8), then leveling the mixture by using soil, pouring an aqueous solution containing microorganisms thoroughly, and naturally keeping the mixture for 1-2 months; the aqueous solution containing the microorganisms contains the following microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, azotobacteria, and phosphorus bacteria, and the content of each microorganism is 105Above CFU/L;
3) planting, namely planting non-woven fabric light matrix seedlings which are cultured according to a bud stock seedling grafting method and have the seedling height of more than 0.8m, wherein the planting distance is 1.5-2.0m, and the planting depth is 1-2cm higher than the ground level of a grafting opening;
4) topdressing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted, in 1 st and 2 nd years, applying nitrogen fertilizer for 3 times/month at a point 0.2-0.5m away from the seedlings in spring and summer rainy days, and at the beginning of the 3 rd year, applying camellia oleifera special fertilizer for 1-2 times in a ring shape along the periphery of a crown, wherein the depth is 5-20 cm; the high yield of the oil tea is realized after 3 to 4 years.
Example two
The invention provides a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera, which comprises the following steps:
2. raw material preparation
Ferrous sulfate
Microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium and phosphorus bacteria;
the special fertilizer for the oil tea comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 150 parts of oil tea cakes, 15 parts of leaves, 20 parts of animal wastes, 3 parts of potassium hydroxide, 4 parts of phosphoric acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 3 parts of humic acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 3 parts of a microorganism additive solution and 40 parts of a chemical fertilizer, wherein the oil tea cakes are residual massive residues of tea seeds which are baked and fried and squeezed to obtain tea oil, the microorganism additive solution contains azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus and actinomycetes, and the concentration of each microorganism is 5 × 106CFU/mg is above;the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the fertilizer are as follows: the nitrogen content is 17 percent, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 4 percent, and the potassium oxide component content is 5 percent;
the preparation method of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps: A. firstly, mixing the young tea cakes with potassium hydroxide, watering to moisten the young tea cakes, then placing the mixture in a closed container, and reacting for 5 days at natural temperature to obtain a mixture a; B. adding phosphoric acid into the mixture a, uniformly stirring, and standing for 10 hours to obtain a mixture b; C. mixing the mixture b with leaves, animal wastes, humic acid and a microbial additive, and fermenting for 10 days to obtain a mixture c; D. and (3) uniformly mixing the chemical fertilizer and the mixture c, and then performing closed fermentation for 30 days to obtain the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
2. Planting of camellia oleifera
1) Selecting a tea-oil tree planting field: selecting a Yilin mountainous region which has a slope below 30 ℃ and faces the sun, and removing stumps and weeds of trees or shrubs;
2) preparing soil, digging a ditch with the width of 50cm and the depth of 60cm at intervals of 3.0m, and sequentially filling 10cm of mushroom residue powder or mushroom bag waste, 5-10cm of special camellia oleifera fertilizer, 2-5cm of soil and ferrous sulfate mixture (the mixing ratio is 100: 3-8), then filling and leveling with soil, pouring an aqueous solution containing microorganisms, thoroughly pouring, and naturally keeping for 1-2 months; the aqueous solution containing the microorganisms contains the following microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, azotobacteria, and phosphorus bacteria, and the content of each microorganism is 105Above CFU/L;
3) planting, namely planting light matrix non-woven seedlings which are cultured according to a bud stock seedling grafting method and have the seedling height of more than 0.8m, wherein the planting distance is 1.5-2.5m, and the planting depth is 1-2cm higher than the ground level of a grafting opening;
4) topdressing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted, digging soil ditches with the soil depth of 0.1-0.3m at a position 0.2-0.5m away from the camellia oleifera seedlings, and applying the camellia oleifera special fertilizer according to the using amount of 200 kg/mu; and then, fertilizing once in spring and autumn every year according to the method, and realizing high yield of the oil tea after 3-4 years.
EXAMPLE III
The invention provides a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera, which comprises the following steps:
3. raw material preparation
Ferrous sulfate
Microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium and phosphorus bacteria;
the special fertilizer for the oil tea comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 120 parts of oil tea cakes, 13 parts of leaves, 18 parts of animal wastes, 2 parts of potassium hydroxide, 3 parts of phosphoric acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 2 parts of humic acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 2 parts of a microorganism additive solution and 30 parts of a chemical fertilizer, wherein the oil tea cakes are residual massive residues of tea seeds which are baked and fried and squeezed to obtain tea oil, the microorganism additive solution contains azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus and actinomycetes, and the concentration of each microorganism is 5 × 106CFU/mg is above; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the fertilizer are as follows: the nitrogen content is 15%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 3%, and the potassium oxide content is 4%;
the preparation method of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps: A. firstly, mixing the young tea cakes with potassium hydroxide, watering to moisten the young tea cakes, then placing the mixture in a closed container, and reacting for 3 days at natural temperature to obtain a mixture a; B. adding phosphoric acid into the mixture a, uniformly stirring, and standing for 1-10h to obtain a mixture b; C. mixing the mixture b with leaves, animal wastes, humic acid and a microbial additive, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a mixture c; D. and (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the mixture c, and then carrying out closed fermentation for 27 days to obtain the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
2. Planting of camellia oleifera
1) Selecting a tea-oil tree planting field: selecting a Yilin mountainous region which has a slope below 30 ℃ and faces the sun, and removing stumps and weeds of trees or shrubs;
2) preparing soil, digging a ditch with the width of 50cm and the depth of 60cm at intervals of 3.0m, and sequentially filling 10cm of mushroom residue powder or mushroom bag waste, 5-10cm of special camellia oleifera fertilizer, 2-5cm of soil and ferrous sulfate mixture (the mixing ratio is 100: 3-8), then filling and leveling with soil, pouring an aqueous solution containing microorganisms, thoroughly pouring, and naturally keeping for 1-2 months; the aqueous solution containing the microorganisms contains the following microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, azotobacteria, and phosphorus bacteria, and the content of each microorganism is 105Above CFU/L;
3) planting, namely planting light matrix non-woven seedlings which are cultured according to a bud stock seedling grafting method and have the seedling height of more than 0.8m, wherein the planting distance is 1.5-2.0m, and the planting depth is 1-2cm higher than the ground level of a grafting opening;
4) topdressing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted, digging soil ditches with the soil depth of 0.1-0.3m at a position 0.2-0.5m away from the camellia oleifera seedlings, and applying the camellia oleifera special fertilizer according to the using amount of 150 kg/mu; and then, fertilizing once in spring and autumn every year according to the method, and realizing high yield of the oil tea after 3-4 years.
Claims (5)
1. The high-yield planting method of the camellia oleifera is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) selecting a tea-oil tree planting field: selecting a Yilin mountainous region which has a slope below 30 ℃ and faces the sun, and removing stumps and weeds of trees or shrubs;
2) preparing soil, digging a ditch with the width of 50cm and the depth of 60cm at intervals of 3.0m, sequentially filling 10cm of bacteria residue powder or bacteria waste bag, 5-10cm of special oil tea fertilizer, 2-5cm of soil and ferrous sulfate, then filling the mixture with soil, pouring water solution containing microorganisms, thoroughly pouring, and naturally keeping for 1-2 months;
3) planting, namely planting the camellia oleifera non-woven fabric light matrix seedlings which are cultured by a bud stock seedling grafting method and have the seedling height of more than 0.8m, wherein the planting distance is 1.5-2.0m, and the planting depth is 1-2cm higher than the ground level at a grafting opening;
4) topdressing: after the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted, in 1 st and 2 nd years, applying nitrogen fertilizer for 3 times/month at a point 0.2-0.5m away from the seedlings in spring and summer rainy days, and at the beginning of the 3 rd year, applying camellia oleifera special fertilizer for 1-2 times in a ring shape along the periphery of a crown, wherein the depth is 5-20 cm; the high yield of the oil tea is realized after 3 to 4 years.
2. The high-yield planting method of the camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the special fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of oil tea cake 100, 10-15 parts of leaves, 15-20 parts of animal manure, 1-3 parts of potassium hydroxide, 2-4 parts of phosphoric acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 1-3 parts of humic acid with the mass concentration of 30%, 1-3 parts of microorganism additive solution and 20-40 parts of chemical fertilizer; wherein,
the oil tea cake is the residual massive residues of oil tea seeds after baking and frying and squeezing out the oil tea;
the microorganism additive solution contains azotobacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus and actinomycetes, and the concentration of each microorganism is 5 × 106CFU/mg is above;
the preparation method of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps: A. firstly, mixing the young tea cakes with potassium hydroxide, watering to moisten the young tea cakes, then placing the mixture in a closed container, and reacting for 1-5 days at natural temperature to obtain a mixture a; B. adding phosphoric acid into the mixture a, uniformly stirring, and standing for 1-10h to obtain a mixture b; C. mixing the mixture b with leaves, animal wastes, humic acid and a microbial additive, and fermenting for 5-10 days to obtain a mixture c; D. and (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the mixture c, and then fermenting in a closed manner for 20-30 days to obtain the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
3. The high-yield planting method of the camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the fertilizer are as follows: the nitrogen content is 13-17%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 2-4%, and the potassium oxide content is 3-5%.
4. The high-yield planting method of the camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the mixing ratio of the soil to the ferrous sulfate is 100: 3 to 8.
5. The high-yield planting method of the camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aqueous solution containing the microorganisms contains the following microorganisms: bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cloacae, yeast, potassium bacteria, Xanthomonas, azotobacteria, and phosphorus bacteria, and the content of each microorganism is 105Above CFU/L.
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| CN109156242A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-08 | 贵州布依仁农业科技有限公司 | A kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield |
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| CN109156242A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-08 | 贵州布依仁农业科技有限公司 | A kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield |
| CN109588198A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-09 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Improve the implantation methods of the tea oil tree of oil yield |
| CN111869494A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-03 | 黄冈市林业科学研究所 | Water-retention drought-resistant cultivation method for young tea-oil tree forest |
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