CN109156242A - A kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield - Google Patents

A kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109156242A
CN109156242A CN201810883475.8A CN201810883475A CN109156242A CN 109156242 A CN109156242 A CN 109156242A CN 201810883475 A CN201810883475 A CN 201810883475A CN 109156242 A CN109156242 A CN 109156242A
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fertilizer
soil
plant
planting site
tea
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CN201810883475.8A
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陈仕杰
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Guizhou Buyi Ren Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Guizhou Buyi Ren Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0299Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure

Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield.Mainly comprise the steps that planting site selection, ted site preparation, field planting, water and fertilizer management, shaping, field management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and etc. composition;The present invention is tedding site preparation to planting site and is applying a large amount of organic fertilizers before reasonably selecting planting site, plantation before planting, kill original bacterium in soil, dominant colony is constructed in underground containing beneficial bacterium in organic fertilizer, improves soil quality, promotes the development of below root system;And by series comprehensive measure, the survival rate of oil tea seedling is effectively improved, reduces the illness rate of oil tea plant, the oil tea operation time limit is short, and yield is high, and oil content is high, and that a situation arises is less for pest and disease damage.

Description

A kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to the comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield.
Background technique
Oil tea belongs to oil tea Theaceae, oil tea category evergreen dungarunga.Because its seed can extract oil it is edible, it is therefore named.Tea oil color is clear Taste is fragrant, and full of nutrition, storage tolerance is high quality food oil;Also lubricating oil, antirust oil be can be used as industry.Tea cake is both pesticide, It is fertilizer again, farmland water-holding capacity and prevention and treatment rice pest can be improved.Pericarp is the raw material for obtaining through refining tannin extract.
Tea oil tree is one of big woody oleiferous plants in the world four, it is grown in the high mountain and hilly ground of southern china subtropical zone Band is the distinctive pure natural advanced oil plant of one kind of China.It is concentrated mainly on Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, the Guang Xiwu province whole nation Annual output is only 200,000 tons or so.
State's oil tea cultivated area is big, yield etc., but it is most cause tea-oil tree yield low due to Cultivate administration is improper etc., Of poor quality, economic benefit is low.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield.
A kind of comprehensive method for improving production tea-oil tree yield plantation, comprising the following steps:
A, planting site selects: select the hills of 300~500m of height above sea level, mountainous region as to tailo planting site, planting site slope Degree is between 5 degree to 25 degree;Soil require good permeability, water-retaining property be strong, deep fertile, and pH value less containing stone sand 5.5~ 6.5 red soil or red-yellow soil;
B, it teds site preparation: removing within 1 year selected planting site weeds, shrub and butt before planting, deep plough 40~50cm, Planting site is carefully ploughed before next year plantation, spreads 2500~3000kg beneficial bacterium organic fertilizer per acre before carefully ploughing, it will during thin plough Organic fertilizer mixes well withs the soil, and carefully ploughs once every 5~7 days to soil, and continuation farming is primary after being sufficiently exposed to the sun, and repeats 3~5 times;
C, be colonized: selection is grown fine, the good seedling of root system development, is impregnated after the processing that carries out disinfection to it with root-inducing powder 4~6h presses 2.8~3m of line-spacing in planting site, and spacing in the rows 1.8~2.2m specification digs kind of a plant hole, and plantation acupoint depth is 50~70cm, partly 30~40cm of diameter;1.5~2kg decomposed manure and 0.3~0.6kg compound fertilizer are added in each kind of plant hole, and seedling is put into Original soil is backfilled in kind plant hole, treads and irrigates root water;
D, it water and fertilizer management: applies fertilizer to the sapling to have survived, applies fertilizer and be used in mixed way for nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, opened in oil tea Increase dose before flower result year by year, annual winter applies a decomposed manure;Soil moisture is maintained at 75% or so, low It sprays when this humidity to oil tea, builds gutter in planting site, guarantee planting site drainability;
E, shaping: when sapling grows to 0.6~0.8m, clipping terminal bud, stays 4 branches to make in 8~10cm of trunk spacing For skeleton branch, continue clipping terminal bud when trunk branch growth is to 50~60cm, four healthy and strong buds for leaving 5~10cm of spacing are made For secondary main branch, high-yield structure can be obtained by so trimming 3~4 years;
F, field management: removing disease plant and takes planting site burning out of, and after-culture is of the same age strong after tedding 3 times to kind of a plant hole Strain;Plant do not survive with strong strain after-culture of the same age, annual June and September progress weeding are loosened the soil respectively, in field planting survival the first two years plant Neighbouring 20cm weeding is not loosened the soil;
G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, supplemented by drug.
Preferably, it is 2:1.5:1.2 that the fertilising, which is nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer ratio,.
Preferably, described to increase the dose that dose is every plant of 1~1.2kg of increase in dose last year year by year.
Preferably, the decomposed manure seals hot fermentation system by cow dung, wheat stalk and vinasse 2:3:1 in mass ratio ?.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is urea, and potassium nitrate, phosphorus pentoxide 2:1:1.2 in mass ratio, which is uniformly mixed, to be made.
Preferably, the disinfection treatment is to impregnate 1~1.5h of sapling root with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
Preferably.The beneficial bacterium organic fertilizer is by corn stover, wheat stalk, chicken manure and husk 2:2:1.5 in mass ratio: 1 is added is made beneficial to mixed fermentation after bacterium leavening agent after mixing.
Preferably, the beneficial bacterium leavening agent be Achromobacter xylosoxidans, lignocellulose degradation bacterium, bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and azotobacter vinelandii 2.5:1.2:1.4:1.5:1.0 in mass ratio, which are uniformly mixed, to be made.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, by planting site repeatedly carefully plough be exposed to the sun after kill the original bacterium of soil, using by Achromobacter xylosoxidans, The beneficial bacteriums such as lignocellulose degradation bacterium, bacillus megaterium, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter vinelandii fermentation made of organic fertilizer and Soil repeatedly turns over mixing, reduces miscellaneous bacteria content in native soil, constructs beneficial bacterium dominant colony in the soil, is conducive to improve soil Earth structure and quality enhance plant immunity, and apply a decomposed manure in annual winter, can be effectively ensured in soil The nutritional need of dominant colony, beneficial bacterial colonies occupy always leading position in the soil, and soil quality is always in optimization and upgrading In, to effectively improve the yield and quality of oil tea.
2, in planting process, the measures such as impregnate using potassium permanganate sterilizing and root-inducing powder during site preparation, field planting is tedded, Illumination and the ventilated environment of oil tea plant is effectively ensured in reasonable arrangement planting density, effectively improves the survival rate of oil tea seedling, drop The illness rate of low oil tea plant;It is used in combination with measures such as shaping, water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, keeps the oil tea operation time limit short, produced Amount is high, and oil content is high, and that a situation arises is less for pest and disease damage.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described in detail With reference to embodiment, but technical solution provided by the invention It not only include the content showed in embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Step 1: planting site selects: select the hills of 300~500m of height above sea level, mountainous region as to tailo planting site, plantation The ground gradient is between 5 degree to 25 degree;Soil require good permeability, water-retaining property it is strong, it is deep it is fertile, less containing stone sand and pH value exists 5.5~6.5 red soil or red-yellow soil;
Step 2: tedding site preparation: selected planting site weeds, shrub and butt are removed within 1 year before planting, deep plough 50cm, Planting site is carefully ploughed before next year plantation, spreads 3000kg beneficial bacterium organic fertilizer per acre before carefully ploughing, by organic fertilizer during thin plough It mixes well withs the soil, soil is carefully ploughed once every 7 days, continuation farming is primary after being sufficiently exposed to the sun, and is repeated 3 times, by repeatedly tedding Bacterium original in soil is largely killed, beneficial bacterium in organic fertilizer is made to construct dominant colony in the soil;
Step 3: field planting: selection is grown fine, the good seedling of root system development, with taking root after the processing that carries out disinfection to it Powder impregnates 5h, reduces plant illness rate, increases n plant survival rate, presses line-spacing 3m in planting site, and spacing in the rows 2.2m specification digs kind of a plant hole, Plantation acupoint depth is 70cm, radius 40cm;1.8kg decomposed manure and 0.6kg compound fertilizer are added in each kind of plant hole, it will be young Seedling is put into kind of plant hole and backfills original soil, treads and irrigates root water;
Step 4: water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizer to the sapling to have survived, apply fertilizer and be used in mixed way for nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, in oil Tea increases dose year by year before yielding positive results, annual winter applies a decomposed manure;Guarantee beneficial bacterial colonies in soil The nutritional need needed with Growth of Camellia oleifera development;Soil moisture is maintained at 75% or so, sprays when being lower than this humidity to oil tea, Planting site builds gutter, guarantees planting site drainability;
Step 5: shaping: when sapling grows to 0.8m, clipping terminal bud, stay 4 branches as bone in trunk spacing 9cm Dry branch continues clipping terminal bud when trunk branch growth is to 58cm, leaves four healthy and strong buds of spacing 8cm as secondary main branch, such as This trimming can obtain high-yield structure in 3~4 years;
Step 6: field management: it removes disease plant and takes planting site burning out of, avoid the cross-infection between plant, it is right After-culture strong strain of the same age after kind plant hole teds 3 times;Plant do not survive with strong strain after-culture of the same age, annual June and September carry out weeding respectively It loosens the soil, 20cm weeding is not loosened the soil near field planting survival the first two years plant;
Step 7: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, supplemented by drug.
Embodiment 2
Step 1: planting site selects: select the hills of 300~500m of height above sea level, mountainous region as to tailo planting site, plantation The ground gradient is between 5 degree to 25 degree;Soil require good permeability, water-retaining property it is strong, it is deep it is fertile, less containing stone sand and pH value exists 5.5~6.5 red soil or red-yellow soil;
Step 2: tedding site preparation: selected planting site weeds, shrub and butt are removed within 1 year before planting, deep plough 46cm, Planting site is carefully ploughed before next year plantation, spreads 2750kg beneficial bacterium organic fertilizer per acre before carefully ploughing, by organic fertilizer during thin plough It mixes well withs the soil, soil is carefully ploughed once every 6 days, continuation farming is primary after being sufficiently exposed to the sun, and is repeated 5 times, by repeatedly tedding Bacterium original in soil is largely killed, beneficial bacterium in organic fertilizer is made to construct dominant colony in the soil;
Step 3: field planting: selection is grown fine, the good seedling of root system development, with taking root after the processing that carries out disinfection to it Powder impregnates 6h, reduces plant illness rate, increases n plant survival rate, presses line-spacing 2.9m in planting site, spacing in the rows 1.8~2.2m specification is dug Kind plant hole, plantation acupoint depth are 56cm, radius 35cm;1.7kg decomposed manure is added in each kind of plant hole and 0.5kg is compound Seedling is put into kind of plant hole and backfills original soil by fertilizer, treads and irrigates root water;
Step 4: water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizer to the sapling to have survived, apply fertilizer and be used in mixed way for nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, in oil Tea increases dose year by year before yielding positive results, annual winter applies a decomposed manure;Guarantee beneficial bacterial colonies in soil The nutritional need needed with Growth of Camellia oleifera development;Soil moisture is maintained at 75% or so, sprays when being lower than this humidity to oil tea, Planting site builds gutter, guarantees planting site drainability;
Step 5: shaping: when sapling grows to 0.8m, clipping terminal bud, stay 4 branches as bone in trunk spacing 9cm Dry branch continues clipping terminal bud when trunk branch growth is to 54cm, leaves four healthy and strong buds of spacing 7cm as secondary main branch, such as This trimming can obtain high-yield structure in 3~4 years;
Step 6: field management: it removes disease plant and takes planting site burning out of, avoid the cross-infection between plant, it is right After-culture strong strain of the same age after kind plant hole teds 3 times;Plant do not survive with strong strain after-culture of the same age, annual June and September carry out weeding respectively It loosens the soil, 20cm weeding is not loosened the soil near field planting survival the first two years plant;
Step 7: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, supplemented by drug.
Embodiment 3
Step 1: planting site selects: select the hills of 300~500m of height above sea level, mountainous region as to tailo planting site, plantation The ground gradient is between 5 degree to 25 degree;Soil require good permeability, water-retaining property it is strong, it is deep it is fertile, less containing stone sand and pH value exists 5.5~6.5 red soil or red-yellow soil;
Step 2: tedding site preparation: selected planting site weeds, shrub and butt are removed within 1 year before planting, deep plough 45cm, Planting site is carefully ploughed before next year plantation, spreads 2600kg beneficial bacterium organic fertilizer per acre before carefully ploughing, by organic fertilizer during thin plough It mixes well withs the soil, soil is carefully ploughed once every 5 days, continuation farming is primary after being sufficiently exposed to the sun, and is repeated 4 times, by repeatedly tedding Bacterium original in soil is largely killed, beneficial bacterium in organic fertilizer is made to construct dominant colony in the soil;
Step 3: field planting: selection is grown fine, the good seedling of root system development, with taking root after the processing that carries out disinfection to it Powder impregnates 45, reduces plant illness rate, increases n plant survival rate, presses line-spacing 2.9 in planting site, spacing in the rows 1.9m specification digs plantation Cave, plantation acupoint depth are 55cm, radius 35cm;1.6kg decomposed manure and 0.4kg compound fertilizer are added in each kind of plant hole, Seedling is put into kind of plant hole and backfills original soil, tread and irrigates root water;
Step 4: water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizer to the sapling to have survived, apply fertilizer and be used in mixed way for nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, in oil Tea increases dose year by year before yielding positive results, annual winter applies a decomposed manure;Guarantee beneficial bacterial colonies in soil The nutritional need needed with Growth of Camellia oleifera development;Soil moisture is maintained at 75% or so, sprays when being lower than this humidity to oil tea, Planting site builds gutter, guarantees planting site drainability;
Step 5: shaping: when sapling grows to 0.7m, clipping terminal bud, stay 4 branches as bone in trunk spacing 8cm Dry branch continues clipping terminal bud when trunk branch growth is to 55cm, leaves four healthy and strong buds of spacing 6cm as secondary main branch, such as This trimming can obtain high-yield structure in 3~4 years;
Step 6: field management: it removes disease plant and takes planting site burning out of, avoid the cross-infection between plant, it is right After-culture strong strain of the same age after kind plant hole teds 3 times;Plant do not survive with strong strain after-culture of the same age, annual June and September carry out weeding respectively It loosens the soil, 20cm weeding is not loosened the soil near field planting survival the first two years plant;
Step 7: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, supplemented by drug.
Comparative example 1
Be described further below with reference to comparative example, this comparative example using 8 mu with the oil tea planted of the present invention and 8 mu with general Circulation method the same year oil tea of plantation compares, and it is as follows to obtain comparing result:
Common implantation methods Implantation methods of the invention
Yield/mu 23.6kg 37.5kg
Pest and disease damage 3.5% 1.2%
The operation time limit 6~7 years 5~6 years
Oil tea growing way Generally Well
Oil content It is lower It is higher
Comparison discovery, the tea-oil tree yield height planted using implantation methods of the invention, pest and disease damage is few, the operation time limit is short, oily The features such as tea growing way is good and oil content is abundant, great economic value.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention in any form, appoint What without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to the technical essence of the invention any modification to the above embodiments, etc. With variation and modification, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield, which comprises the following steps:
A, planting site selects: select the hills of 300~500m of height above sea level, mountainous region as to tailo planting site, the planting site gradient is 5 It spends between 25 degree;Soil requires that good permeability, water-retaining property be strong, deep fertile, and pH value less containing stone sand is 5.5~6.5 Red soil or red-yellow soil;
B, it teds site preparation: removing within 1 year selected planting site weeds, shrub and butt before planting, deep plough 40~50cm, in next year Planting site is carefully ploughed before plantation, spreads 2500~3000kg beneficial bacterium organic fertilizer per acre before carefully ploughing, it will be organic during thin plough Fertilizer mixes well withs the soil, and carefully ploughs once every 5~7 days to soil, and continuation farming is primary after being sufficiently exposed to the sun, and repeats 3~5 times;
C, be colonized: selection grow fine, the good seedling of root system development, carry out disinfection to it processing after with root-inducing powder impregnate 4~ 6h presses 2.8~3m of line-spacing in planting site, and spacing in the rows 1.8~2.2m specification digs kind of a plant hole, and plantation acupoint depth is 50~70cm, radius 30~40cm;1.5~2kg decomposed manure and 0.3~0.6kg compound fertilizer are added in each kind of plant hole, and seedling is put into kind Original soil is backfilled in plant hole, treads and irrigates root water;
D, water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizer to the sapling that has survived, apply fertilizer and be used in mixed way for nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, blooms knot in oil tea Fruit increases dose year by year in the past, and annual winter applies a decomposed manure;Soil moisture is maintained at 75% or so, is lower than this It sprays when humidity to oil tea, builds gutter in planting site, guarantee planting site drainability;
E, shaping: when sapling grows to 0.6~0.8m, clipping terminal bud, stays 4 branches as bone in 8~10cm of trunk spacing Dry branch continues clipping terminal bud when trunk branch growth is to 50~60cm, leaves four healthy and strong buds of 5~10cm of spacing as secondary Major branch, high-yield structure can be obtained by so trimming 3~4 years;
F, field management: removing disease plant and takes planting site burning, after-culture strong strain of the same age after tedding 3 times to kind of a plant hole out of;Not Plant survive with strong strain after-culture of the same age, annual June and September progress weeding are loosened the soil respectively, near field planting survival the first two years plant 20cm weeding is not loosened the soil;
G, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, supplemented by drug.
2. a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fertilising is Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer ratio are 2:1.5:1.2.
3. a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to increase year by year It is affixed by the dose that fertilizer amount is every plant of 1~1.2kg of increase in dose last year.
4. according to right can require 1 described in it is a kind of it is comprehensive improve tea-oil tree yield implantation methods, which is characterized in that it is described decomposed Organic fertilizer is made by cow dung, wheat stalk and vinasse 2:3:1 in mass ratio sealing hot fermentation.
5. according to right can require 1 described in it is a kind of it is comprehensive improve tea-oil tree yield implantation methods, which is characterized in that it is described compound Fertilizer is urea, and potassium nitrate, phosphorus pentoxide 2:1:1.2 in mass ratio, which is uniformly mixed, to be made.
6. a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield according to claim 1, which is characterized in that at the disinfection Reason is to impregnate 1~1.5h of sapling root with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
7. a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that.The beneficial bacterium Beneficial bacterium fermentation is added by corn stover, wheat stalk, chicken manure and husk 2:2:1.5:1 in mass ratio in organic fertilizer after mixing Mixed fermentation is made after agent.
8. a kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the beneficial bacterium Leavening is that Achromobacter xylosoxidans, lignocellulose degradation bacterium, bacillus megaterium, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter vinelandii are pressed Mass ratio 2.5:1.2:1.4:1.5:1.0, which is uniformly mixed, to be made.
CN201810883475.8A 2018-08-06 2018-08-06 A kind of comprehensive implantation methods for improving tea-oil tree yield Withdrawn CN109156242A (en)

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