CN108685100A - 一种复合短肽粉配方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种复合短肽粉配方及其制备方法,其包括以下原料:水解乳清蛋白粉,大豆肽粉,小麦低聚肽,结晶果糖,柠檬酸,柠檬香精,柠檬酸钾,三氯蔗糖。本发明氨基酸模式接近FAO/WHO模式、吸收效果好、适用于消化吸收障碍以及需要补充蛋白质的人群。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特殊医学用途配方食品技术领域,尤其涉及一种复合短肽粉配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
特殊医学用途配方食品是为了满足进食受限、消化吸收障碍、代谢紊乱或特定疾病状态人群对营养素或膳食的特殊需要,专门加工配制而成的配方食品。该类产品必须在医生或临床营养师指导下,单独食用或与其他食品配合食用。
特殊医学用途配方食品属于特殊膳食用食品。当目标人群无法进食普通膳食或无法用日常膳食满足其营养需求时,特殊医学用途配方食品可以作为一种营养补充途径,对其治疗、康复及机体功能维持等方面起着重要的营养支持作用。此类食品不是药品,不能替代药物的治疗作用,产品也不得声称对疾病的预防和治疗功能。
胃肠道是一个管状结构,起始于口咽下部,止于肛门,全长约7m-9m,胃肠道的主要功能是消化食物,吸收营养和排泄废物。胃肠道的病变损害了胃肠道的组织结构和消化吸收功能,会造成人体营养素缺乏。临床上,慢性胰腺炎是引起消化不良的最常见原因。胰腺是人体重要的消化器官,每日分泌1L-2L碱性液体,其中含有20种不同的消化酶。胰酶由胰腺的腺泡细胞合成、贮存和分泌,包括多种蛋白水解酶、脂肪水解酶和淀粉溶解酶。胰腺分泌不良会对蛋白质消化吸收产生不良影响。
蛋白质为大分子化合物,在胃肠道不能被直接吸收,需经胃液水解为小分子的游离氨基酸和短肽后,才能被机体吸收利用。但对于胃肠道消化吸收不良的患者对整蛋白存在吸收障碍,所以供给胃肠道消化吸收不良和胰腺炎患者的蛋白质应该是易于消化和吸收的,并能快速补充身体缺乏的蛋白质。
经大量研究表明摄入的二三肽能被胃肠道直接吸收,且需要摄入的氨基酸的模式与FAO/WHO模式接近,才能有利于人体的吸收。
如申请号为CN201410370970.0的中国发明专利公开了一种整蛋白和短肽复合型临床病人特膳营养乳剂及其制备方法,由以下质量份原料制成:酪朊酸钠1~3、水解乳清蛋白0.5~2、大豆肽0.5~1.5、海洋胶原蛋白肽0.1~0.4、花生油1~3、中链甘油三酯1~3、蔗糖1~3、麦芽糊精1~3、菊粉0.2~0.6、聚葡萄糖0.2~0.4、复合维生素0.01~0.02、复合矿物质0.03~0.07、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.05~0.15、蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯0.05~0.15、羧甲基纤维素0.1~0.2、黄原胶0.02~0.08、海藻酸钠0.01~0.04、水80~90。但是此种营养乳剂由于含有的甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸含量相对于FAO/WHO模式太低,限制了整个营养乳剂的吸收,且整体的氨基酸模式与FAO/WHO模式也相差较大。
如申请号CN201711097639.6的中国发明专利公开了一种可补充人体蛋白的复合多肽粉,各原料重量配比如下:骨胶原蛋白肽粉30-32份、浓缩乳清蛋白粉31-32份、菊粉12-13份、低聚异麦芽糖 12-14份、大豆肽粉3-4份、玉米低聚肽粉3-4份、小麦低聚肽粉3-4份、酪蛋白磷酸肽粉0.9-1 份、β羟基β甲基乙酸钙4-5份、维生素C0.18-0.22份。浓缩乳清蛋白是整蛋白,整蛋白对于吸收功能障碍的人来说,吸收效果不好,而且吸收很慢,由于合成组织器官蛋白质的氨基酸必须同时到达才能发挥互补作用,当浓缩乳清蛋白粉中的氨基酸不能被人体高效充分吸收时,势必严重影响此复合多肽粉中的蛋白质吸收与利用,大大降低了此复合多肽粉的营养补充作用,而且此复合多肽粉的氨基酸模式不符合FAO/WHO模式,所以对于整体的吸收与利用又大打折扣。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对现有技术的上述不足,提出一种氨基酸模式接近FAO/WHO模式、吸收效果好、适用于消化吸收障碍以及需要补充蛋白质的人群的复合短肽粉配方及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题,采用的技术方案是,提出一种复合短肽粉配方及其制备方法,包括以下原料:水解乳清蛋白粉,大豆肽粉,小麦低聚肽,结晶果糖,柠檬酸,柠檬香精,柠檬酸钾,三氯蔗糖。
本发明以水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽作为主材,大豆肽粉中苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸的含量比另外两种主材更加贴近FAO/WHO模式,小麦低聚肽中蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸的含量比另外两种主材更加贴近FAO/WHO模式,大豆肽粉中蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸的含量最低,为限制氨基酸,但是小麦低聚肽中其他种类的氨基酸均低于大豆肽粉,若要拉高蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸的含量,则势必需要添加过多的小麦低聚肽,那么其他种类的氨基酸含量势必会被拉低,特别是赖氨酸的含量,因为小麦低聚肽中赖氨酸的含量很低,所以不管大豆肽粉与小麦低聚肽以何种比例混合,都不能使得其混合物的氨基酸模式接近FAO/WHO模式,经过发明人选用不同的肽粉与大豆肽粉以及小麦低聚肽进行多种比例的混合,最终发现当选用水解乳清蛋白粉时,以一定范围内的比例进行混合,才能使得这种复合肽粉配方的氨基酸模式贴近FAO/WHO模式。
乳清蛋白被称为蛋白之王,是从牛奶中提取的一种蛋白质,经过特殊工艺浓缩精制而得的一类蛋白质,它们不仅容易消化,而且有很高代谢效率,从而使蛋白质具有很高的生物利用价值。生物效价、净利用率和蛋白效价比最高,高于酪蛋白,氨基酸的种类与模式最接近于人体,是优质的蛋白质来源。水解乳清蛋白是乳清蛋白经蛋白酶水解后的肽类产物,与游离氨基酸和大分子蛋白质等相比较,具有极强的生物学活性和功效多样性,吸收利用率均高于整蛋白,所含的小分子短肽在吸收转运过程中无竞争性抑制,具有肠道吸收快、食用耐受性好、安全性高等特点。
大豆蛋白质的氨基酸组成与牛奶蛋白质相近,除蛋氨酸略低外,其余必需氨基酸的含量均为较丰富,是植物性的完全蛋白质,在营养价值上可与动物蛋白等同,大豆所含的蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸含量充足,组分齐全,属于优质蛋白质, 是植物蛋白中唯一能够符合1985年FAO/WHO/UNU制定标准的满足2~5岁儿童必须氨基酸需要的蛋白质。
大豆蛋白肽是大豆蛋白的水解产物,其所含氨基酸和大豆蛋白质完全相同,含有8种必需氨基酸,除蛋氨酸为限制氨基酸外,其他氨基酸均接近WHO/FAO的推荐标准。人体对大豆蛋白肽的吸收速度和吸收率均要高于大豆蛋白。
小麦低聚肽是小麦蛋白酶解产物,小麦低聚肽含有丰富的氨基酸,其中8种必须氨基酸和2种半必需氨基酸(组氨酸和精氨酸)的含量分别为20.24%和4.11%,占总氨基酸含量的24.35%,谷氨酸的含量最高,达到35.12%,其次是脯氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸。小麦低聚肽能抑制血管紧张素转化酶的活性,使血管紧张素原不能转变成能使血压升高的血管紧张素Ⅱ,从而生理地降低血压,而对正常血压不起作用。小麦低聚肽能促进胰岛素分泌作用,其功能物质是低聚蛋氨酸,可用于调节人的血糖,改善糖尿病症状。小麦低聚肽的特点之一是富含高谷酰胺,能够有效调节神经,也可作肠功能障碍时的特殊营养物质。还有ACE抑制作用、免疫调节、抗氧化等多种生物活性,能够刺激机体淋巴细胞增殖,增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,提高机体抵御外界病原体感染的能力,降低机体发病率等。
作为优选,包括以下重量份的原料:水解乳清蛋白粉39-46,大豆肽粉23-29份,小麦低聚肽14-18份,结晶果糖5-10份,柠檬酸2-5份,柠檬香精0.8-1.6份,柠檬酸钾0.1-0.9份,三氯蔗糖0.1-0.5份。此种重量份组成的复合短肽粉配方,其氨基酸模式能够更好地接近WHO/FAO的推荐标准。
由于市售的各种肽粉口感欠佳(存在苦味、腥味和臭味等),使得目标人群对肽粉的依从性和适应性不好,使得肽粉的应用和发展都存在局限性。所以本发明的发明人经过数千次的试验,在保证肽含量和消化吸收性的基础上不断地调节本品的糖酸比例和香味,研发出口感好、易于被广大人群接受的复合短肽粉,使得肽粉能够被广大人群的选择,更重要的是成为极度需要肽粉的病患者的选择。由于小麦低聚肽日食用量应小于6g,本发明的配比一方面能够满足氨基酸模式接近WHO/FAO的推荐标准,另一方面在小麦低聚肽不超过规定的用量的情况下,饮用者饮用此复合短肽粉便能满足人体日常需要的蛋白质。
作为优选,还包括花青素。花青素是羟基供体,同时也是一种自由基清除剂,它能和蛋白质结合防止过氧化,花青素清除自由基的功效,亦可让癌细胞无法顺利扩散,借此保护更多健康的细胞免于被癌细胞侵蚀。另一方面有些癌症透过溶解组织和细胞的物质形成肿瘤,这些癌细胞产生溶解脢和蛋白脢,而花青素能保护蛋白质不受蛋白脢的影响。花青素能与金属离子螯合或形成花青素一金属cu—Vc复合物。花青素能够改善血液循环,恢复失去的微血管功效,加强脆弱的血管,因而是血管更具弹性。原花青素被称为“动脉粥样硬化的解毒药”。花青素具有深入细胞保护细胞膜不被自由基氧化的作用,具有强力抗氧化和抗过敏功能,能穿越血脑屏障,可保护脑神经不被氧化,能稳定脑组织功能,保护大脑不受有害化学物质和毒素的伤害。花青素是强效的抗氧化剂,可维持正常的细胞连结、血管的稳定、增进微细血管循环、提高微血管和静脉的流动。还能够防止肾脏释放出的血管紧张素转化酶所造成的血压升高。
进一步优选,所述花青素的重量份占所述水解乳清蛋白粉和大豆肽粉总量的1%-3%。小麦低聚肽具有抑制血管紧张素转化酶的活性的作用,使血管紧张素原不能转变成能使血压升高的血管紧张素Ⅱ,从而生理地降低血压的,由于此复合短肽粉要贴近FAO/WHO模式,所以小麦低聚肽的含量不宜添加过多,那么势必造成小麦低聚肽的此种功效降低,此时添加另外两种组分总量的3%-6%的花青素,可以很好地避免此种功效降低的处境。且水解乳清蛋白还是有一定的致敏因子,花青素具有抗过敏的作用,可以降低服用者过敏的几率。
作为优选其总蛋白质中分子量在小于等于1000道尔顿的肽含量达到87.5%以上。
进一步优选,其总蛋白质中分子量在小于等于500道尔顿的肽含量达到47%以上。
进一步优选,其总蛋白质中分子量在小于等于180道尔顿的肽含量达到15%以上。
作为优选,还包括1-3份菊粉。
菊粉是植物中储备性多糖,主要来源于植物,已发现有36000多种,包括双子叶植物中的菊科、桔梗科、龙胆科等11个科及单子叶植物中的百合科、禾木科。例如,在菊芋、菊苣的块茎、天竺牡丹(大理菊)的块根、蓟的根中都含有丰富的菊粉其中新糖源菊粉含量是最高的。菊粉的作用:控制血脂,摄入菊粉可有效降低血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),提高高密度脂蛋白/低密度脂蛋白比率,改善血脂状况。降低血糖,菊粉是一种不会导致尿中葡萄糖升高的碳水化合物。它在肠道的上部不会被水解成单糖,因而不会升高血糖水平和胰岛素含量。如今研究表明,空腹血糖的降低是低聚果糖在结肠发酵所产生的短链脂肪酸的结果。促进矿物质的吸收,菊粉能大大提高Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Cu2+、 Fe2+"等矿物质的吸收。同时,花青素与金属离子螯合或形成花青素一金属cu—Vc复合物,形成惰性物质,促进吸收且能够保护Vc,加强抗氧化功效。调节肠道微生物菌群,改善肠道健康,防止便秘。抑制有毒发酵产物的生成,保护肝脏,预防结肠癌。防便秘及治疗肥胖症膳食纤维减少食物在胃肠的停留时间,以及增加粪便量,有效地治疗便秘。菊粉中有少量的2-9低聚果糖,研究表明,低聚果糖可使大脑神经细胞营养因子表达升高,对皮质酮诱导的神经元损作有很好的保护作用,具有良好的抗抑郁作用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种复合短肽粉配方的制备方法。
该方法包括以下步骤:
1) 根据权利要求1所述的复合短肽粉配方称取水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬香精、柠檬酸钾、三氯蔗糖;
2) 将结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾进行粉碎,过40-50目筛,收集为混合物A;
3) 将三氯蔗糖、柠檬香精、水解乳清蛋白粉和粉碎后的柠檬酸钾一起预分散20-40min,为混合物B;
4) 将大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、混合物A、混合物B一起混合搅拌20-40min。
作为优选,在上述第3)步时,秤取菊粉和花青素,和三氯蔗糖、柠檬香精、柠檬酸钾和水解乳清蛋白粉一起预分散20-40min。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本产品适用于胃肠道消化吸收障碍人群,如胃部消化功能不良、胰胆疾病、肠道疾病—克罗恩病、短肠综合征等,以及严重烧伤、创伤、脓毒症大手术后的病人。水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽三者互相弥补缺点,此复合短肽粉配方含有的氨基酸的模式与FAO/WHO模式相接近,更容易被人体吸收。水解乳清蛋白粉与大豆肽粉都是优质整蛋白,但是单纯的两者叠加,蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸的氨基酸模式与FAO/WHO模式相差很大,会导致其他贴近FAO/WHO模式的氨基酸也会不好吸收,添加的小麦低聚肽能够很好地解决这一问题,不光使得水解乳清蛋白粉和大豆肽粉变得好吸收,同时小麦低聚肽自身的一些远离FAO/WHO模式的氨基酸也变得好吸收,这样就能完美发挥小麦低聚肽的其他一些作用,比如:调节人的血糖,改善糖尿病症状,有效调节神经,也可作肠功能障碍时的特殊营养物质,还有ACE抑制作用、免疫调节、抗氧化等多种生物活性,能够刺激机体淋巴细胞增殖,增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,提高机体抵御外界病原体感染的能力,降低机体发病率等,尤其是小麦低聚肽富含谷氨酰胺,能有效提高氮源利用率,有助于修复受损伤的粘膜,维护肠道屏障功能,进一步促进大豆肽粉和水解乳清蛋白粉的吸收。而且本产品适于温水冲泡以及饮用,口感酸甜适中微苦,配有柠檬清香,是同类肽产品中口感较好者,由于本品的目标人群一部分身体创伤重,因疼痛等不想进食,而本品糖酸比合适、口感好,目标人群的依从性、耐受性和适应性好,服用后不易出现不良反应(比如呕吐、恶心),进一步促进了本品的摄入吸收。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的氨基酸模式与FAO/WHO模式的对比折线图。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1:
一种复合短肽粉配方,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
水解乳清蛋白粉44份,大豆肽粉26份,小麦低聚肽16份,结晶果糖8份,柠檬酸4份,柠檬香精1.5份,柠檬酸钾0.5份,三氯蔗糖0.3份。
制备方法如下:
1)依据上述配方称取水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬香精、柠檬酸钾、三氯蔗糖;
2) 将结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾进行粉碎,过40目筛,收集为混合物A;
3) 将三氯蔗糖、柠檬香精、水解乳清蛋白粉和粉碎后的柠檬酸钾一起预分散30min,为混合物B;
4) 将大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、混合物A、混合物B一起混合搅拌30min。
按上述制备方法和按此重量份配出的复合短肽粉配方中取出100g,其氨基酸含量如下:
如图1所示,可以看出制得的复合短肽粉配方的八种必须氨基酸的氨基酸模式贴近FAO/WHO模式。
实施例2:
一种复合短肽粉配方,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
水解乳清蛋白粉39份,大豆肽粉29份,小麦低聚肽18份,结晶果糖5份,柠檬酸3.5份,柠檬香精0.8份,柠檬酸钾0.9份,三氯蔗糖0.1份。
制备方法如下:
1)依据上述配方称取水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬香精、柠檬酸钾、三氯蔗糖;
2) 将结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾进行粉碎,过50目筛,收集为混合物A;
3) 将三氯蔗糖、柠檬香精、水解乳清蛋白粉和粉碎后的柠檬酸钾和一起预分散30min,为混合物B;
4) 将大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、混合物A、混合物B一起混合搅拌30min。
按上述制备方法和按此重量份配出的复合短肽粉配方中取出100g,其氨基酸含量如下:
从上表中可以看出,可以看出制得的复合短肽粉配方的八种必须氨基酸的氨基酸模式贴近FAO/WHO模式。
实施例3:
一种复合短肽粉配方,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
水解乳清蛋白粉46份,大豆肽粉23份,小麦低聚肽14份,结晶果糖10份,柠檬酸2份,柠檬香精1,6份,柠檬酸钾0.1份,三氯蔗糖0.5份。
制备方法如下:
1)依据上述配方称取水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬香精、柠檬酸钾、三氯蔗糖;
2) 将结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾进行粉碎,过50目筛,收集为混合物A;
3) 将三氯蔗糖、柠檬香精、水解乳清蛋白粉和粉碎后的柠檬酸钾一起预分散30min,为混合物B;
4) 将大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、混合物A、混合物B一起混合搅拌30min。
按上述制备方法和按此重量份配出的复合短肽粉配方中取出100g,其氨基酸含量如下:
从上表中可以看出,可以看出制得的复合短肽粉配方的八种必须氨基酸的氨基酸模式贴近FAO/WHO模式。
实施例4:
一种复合短肽粉配方,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:
水解乳清蛋白粉43份,大豆肽粉25份,小麦低聚肽16份,结晶果糖8份,柠檬酸4份,柠檬香精1.5份,柠檬酸钾0.5份,三氯蔗糖0.3份,花青素1.5份,菊粉1份。
制备方法如下:
1)依据上述配方称取水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬香精、柠檬酸钾、三氯蔗糖;
2) 将结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾进行粉碎,过40目筛,收集为混合物A;
3) 将花青素、菊粉、三氯蔗糖、柠檬香精、水解乳清蛋白粉和粉碎后的柠檬酸钾一起预分散30min,为混合物B;
4) 将大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、混合物A、混合物B一起混合搅拌30min。
按上述制备方法和按此重量份配出的复合短肽粉配方中取出100g,其氨基酸含量如下:
从上表中可以看出,可以看出制得的复合短肽粉配方的八种必须氨基酸的氨基酸模式贴近FAO/WHO模式。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合短肽粉配方,其特征在于,包括以下原料:水解乳清蛋白粉,大豆肽粉,小麦低聚肽,结晶果糖,柠檬酸,柠檬香精,柠檬酸钾,三氯蔗糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合短肽粉配方,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:水解乳清蛋白粉39-46份,大豆肽粉23-29份,小麦低聚肽14-18份,结晶果糖5-10份,柠檬酸2-5份,柠檬香精0.8-1.6份,柠檬酸钾0.1-0.9份,三氯蔗糖0.1-0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种复合短肽粉配方,其特征在于:其总蛋白质中分子量在小于等于1000道尔顿的肽含量达到87.5%以上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种复合短肽粉配方,其特征在于:其总蛋白质中分子量在小于等于500道尔顿的肽含量达到47%以上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种复合短肽粉配方,其特征在于:其总蛋白质中分子量在小于等于180道尔顿的肽含量达到15%以上。
6.一种复合短肽粉配方的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)根据权利要求1所述的复合短肽粉配方称取水解乳清蛋白粉、大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬香精、柠檬酸钾、三氯蔗糖;
2)将结晶果糖、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾分别进行粉碎,过40-50目筛,收集为混合物A;
3)将三氯蔗糖、柠檬香精、水解乳清蛋白粉和粉碎后的柠檬酸钾一起预分散20-40min,为混合物B;
4)将大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽、混合物A、混合物B一起混合搅拌20-40min。
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