CN108660815B - 真丝印花织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

真丝印花织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108660815B
CN108660815B CN201810560875.5A CN201810560875A CN108660815B CN 108660815 B CN108660815 B CN 108660815B CN 201810560875 A CN201810560875 A CN 201810560875A CN 108660815 B CN108660815 B CN 108660815B
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陈国强
苗赛男
邢铁玲
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种真丝印花织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将高分子改性剂施于纸张表面，在60℃下处理后得到转移印花纸，纸张的增重量为10‑20g/m2，其中，高分子改性剂包括以下质量分数的各组分：水溶性热熔胶0.5‑5％、增稠剂2‑12％、酸碱剂0.5‑3％、吸湿剂2‑8％，余量为水；使用活性染料墨水或酸性染料墨水对所述转移印花纸进行喷墨打印，干燥后得到喷有墨水的转移印花纸；将真丝织物进行浸轧处理，织物轧余率为80‑90％；将喷有墨水的转移印花纸与预处理过的真丝织物进行热压贴合，汽蒸、水洗后得到真丝印花织物，其中透热压温度为100‑160℃，热压压力3‑6Mpa。本发明的方法工艺简单、环保，所制备的真丝印花织物色深值为4‑7，染料渗透率为90％‑111％，固色率为79‑90％。

Description

真丝印花织物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品印花处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种真丝印花织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着大众生活水平的提高，越来越多的人开始追求回归天然的服饰面料。同时，人们对个性化、多品种纺织品的需求与日俱增。因此，对织物进行染色印花等处理时，保持织物原有的性能至关重要。真丝织物面料素有“纤维皇后”之称，它质地柔软光滑，手感柔和、轻盈，穿着凉爽舒适。
目前真丝印花方法主要有喷墨直喷印花及传统的圆网印花，这两种方法渗透效果好，正反色差较小，但是印花织物均需经过上浆预处理，后续水洗过程中排放出大量含染料、糊料助剂的污水，造成环境污染；织物表面大量糊料也阻碍着染料大分子在织物上着色剂渗透，一定程度地影响印花渗透效果。
发明内容
为解决真丝织物在喷墨直喷印花及传统的圆网印花中上浆预处理所带来的染料渗透率低及环境污染的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种真丝印花织物及其制备方法，该方法工艺简单、环保，所制备的真丝印花织物具有较高染料渗透率、固色率和色深值。
在一方面，本发明提供了一种真丝印花织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将高分子改性剂施于纸张表面，在80℃以下处理后得到转移印花纸，纸张的增重量为10-20g/m2，其中，高分子改性剂包括以下质量分数的各组分：水溶性热熔胶0.5-5％、增稠剂2-12％、酸碱剂0.5-3％、吸湿剂2-8％，余量为水；
(2)使用活性染料墨水或酸性染料墨水对所述转移印花纸进行喷墨打印，干燥后得到喷有墨水的转移印花纸；其中，当步骤(1)中高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈碱性时，使用活性染料墨水进行喷墨打印，当高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈酸性时，使用酸性染料墨水进行喷墨打印；
(3)将真丝织物进行浸轧处理，织物轧余率为80-90％；其中，当步骤(2)中使用活性染料墨水时，浸轧处理液为碱性物质水溶液，当使用酸性染料墨水时，浸轧处理液为酸性物质水溶液；碱性物质或酸性物质占浸轧处理液质量分数的0.1％-2％；
(4)将喷有墨水的转移印花纸与经步骤(3)预处理过的真丝织物进行热压贴合，汽蒸、水洗后得到真丝印花织物，其中透热压温度为100-160℃，热压压力3-6Mpa。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，水溶性热熔胶为聚酯热熔胶黏剂、聚酰胺热熔胶黏剂和聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂中的一种或几种。水溶性热熔胶具有热熔粘合性，在转移印花加热加压过程中，提供了转印纸与织物间的粘附力。在汽蒸过程中，转印纸在热压后与织物紧密贴合保证了染料由转印纸向织物内部扩散及染料的固色。这几类热熔胶有较好的水溶性和化学相容性。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，增稠剂为改性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、改性纤维素、海藻酸钠、改性瓜尔胶粉、改性罗望子胶粉和聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种。增稠剂在印花过程中具有增稠的作用，在汽蒸过程中吸收锁住水分后形成微型染浴，为染料上染提供场所。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，酸碱剂为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种，或者为硫酸铵和/或柠檬酸。活性染料或酸性染料与纤维反应是在碱性或酸性介质中进行的，选用的几种酸碱剂制备高分子改性剂可获得较高质量的转印纸，且可获得较好的印花效果。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，吸湿剂为尿素、甘油和三甘醇中的一种或几种。吸湿剂起着使纤维吸湿澎化的作用，为染料在纤维上固着提供有利条件。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，高分子改性剂还包括质量分数为0.2-0.5％的纳米粒子，纳米粒子的粒径为20-50nm。纳米粒子作为物理吸附剂使用，可以加快墨水干燥速度，但含量过高会影响花型清晰度。
进一步地，在步骤(2)中，活性染料墨水为市场上销售的商业活性染料墨水，如永光EVERJET系列活性染料墨水、亨斯曼NOVACRON系列活性染料等。
进一步地，在步骤(2)中，酸性染料墨水为市场上销售的商业酸性染料墨水，如永光EVERJET系列酸性染料墨水等。
进一步地，在步骤(3)中，碱性物质为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种。
进一步地，在步骤(3)中，酸性物质为柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠和硫酸铵中的一种或几种。
步骤(3)中直接使用酸性物质或碱性物质水溶液对真丝织物进行浸轧处理，工艺简单，且由于处理后织物上酸碱剂在汽蒸过程中的有促染和增加纤维溶胀作用增强了染料着色及透染效果，因此提高了最终处理后织物的渗透率和固色率。
进一步地，在步骤(4)中，汽蒸温度为100-102℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％。
进一步地，在步骤(4)中，当步骤(2)中使用活性染料墨水时，汽蒸时间为10-12min，当使用酸性染料墨水时，汽蒸时间为15-20min。
在另一方面，本发明还提供了一种采用上述方法所制备的真丝印花织物，真丝印花织物的色深值为4-7，染料渗透率为90％-111％，固色率为79-90％。
借由上述方案，本发明至少具有以下优点：
1、本发明的高渗透真丝印花织物制备工艺方法，将真丝织物传统印花过程中增稠剂等助剂施涂于纸张制备转移印花纸，然后将染料墨水喷印在转移印花纸表面，在热压汽蒸期间，染料无阻碍的进入织物，解决了传统印花方法及喷墨印花方法中增稠剂等助剂对染料上染织物的阻碍问题。
2、采用此印花方法，在获得较高染料渗透率的同时，能保证织物具有较精细、逼真的花型。
3、该印花方法操作简单、方便，便于控制，而且将大量废料保存在纸上，减小了工业废水的排放。
4、本发明高渗透真丝织物印花方法简单，易于实施和放大。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合详细说明如后。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚酯热熔胶黏剂5％，改性瓜尔粉胶5％，碳酸钠1％，尿素5％，二氧化硅纳米粒子0.5％(粒径为20-50nm)，余量为水。将以上组分混匀后充分搅拌至各组分充分溶胀、溶解，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解并均匀分散。
(2)将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在80℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为10g/m2。
(3)使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射活性染料墨水(活性染料，亨斯曼NOVACRON Blue)，在室温条件下干燥。
(4)将电力纺真丝织物(8姆米)进行浸轧处理，处理液为质量浓度为1.0％的碳酸钠水溶液，轧余率为88.67％。
(5)将转移印花纸与步骤(4)处理过的织物进行热压贴合，热压温度为100℃，压力为5Mpa。然后将转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度为100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间为10min。汽蒸完成后水洗，即得到真丝印花织物。经测试，印花织物色深值为4.48，染料渗透率110.56％，固色率为90.40％。
上述真丝印花织物的各项转印性能通过以下方法测试：
1.织物色深值
织物的色深值K/S值在Ultra Scan PRO测色仪上测定，采用D65光源，10°视场，试样折叠4层，分别取4个点，测试4次数据，测试结果取平均值。
2.染料渗透率
按照以下公式计算渗透率：
渗透率P/％＝(K/S)b/[0.5×((K/S)f+(K/S)b))]×100％
式中，(K/S)f和(K/S)b分别表示印花织物水洗后正面色深值和反面色深值。
3.固色率
按照以下公式计算固色率：
固色率F/％＝(K/S)f/(K/S)f0×100％
式中，(K/S)f和(K/S)f0分别表示印花织物水洗后正面色深值和水洗前正面色深值。
实施例2
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂5％，海藻酸钠2％，改性淀粉0.5％，尿素4％，三甘醇1％，碳酸氢钠3％，二氧化硅纳米粒子0.2％(粒径为20-50nm)，余量为水。将以上各组分混匀后充分搅拌至充分溶胀、溶解，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解并均匀分散。
(2)将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在70℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为15g/m2。
(3)使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射活性染料墨水(活性染料，亨斯曼NOVACRON Blue)，在室温条件下干燥。
(4)将斜纹绸真丝织物(18姆米)进行浸轧处理，处理液为质量浓度为0.1％的碳酸钠水溶液和质量浓度为1.0％的碳酸氢钠水溶液的混合溶液，轧余率为89.73％。
(5)将转移印花纸与步骤(4)处理过的斜纹绸真丝织物进行热压贴合，热压温度为150℃，压力为3Mpa。然后将转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度为100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间为12min。汽蒸完成后水洗，即得到真丝印花织物。按照实施例1中的方法进行测试，印花织物色深值为4.07，染料渗透率95.81％，固色率为89.26％。
实施例3
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚酯热熔胶黏剂3％，羧甲基纤维素钠12％，尿素3％，甘油5％，硫酸铵3％，二氧化硅纳米粒子0.25％(粒径为20-50nm),余量为水。将以上组分混匀后充分搅拌至各组分充分溶胀、溶解，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解并均匀分散。
(2)将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在75℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为20g/m2。
(3)使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射酸性染料墨水(酸性染料，永光EVERJETMagenta)，在室温条件下干燥。
(4)将斜纹绸真丝织物(18姆米)进行浸轧处理，处理液为质量分数为0.1％的柠檬酸水溶液，轧余率为87.09％。
(5)将转移印花纸与步骤(4)处理过的斜纹绸真丝织物进行热压贴合，热压温度为160℃，压力为5Mpa。然后将转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度为100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间为20min。汽蒸完成后水洗，即得到真丝印花织物。按照实施例1中的方法进行测试，印花织物色深值为5.48，染料渗透率92.90％，固色率为79.25％。
实施例4
(1)配置高分子改性剂，以其总重为基准，包括以下质量百分比的各组分：水溶性聚酰胺热熔胶黏剂2％，改性纤维素3％，改性罗望子胶粉6％，尿素5％，硫酸铵2％，柠檬酸0.5％，二氧化硅纳米粒子0.35％(粒径为20-50nm),余量为水。将以上组分混匀后充分搅拌至糊料充分溶胀，使得高分子改性剂中各组分完全溶解均匀分散。
(2)将制备好的高分子改性剂施涂于纸张后在60℃的烘箱中处理后制备转移印花纸，纸张上高分子改性剂的涂层量为18g/m2。
(3)使用喷墨打印机向转移印花纸上喷射酸性染料墨水(酸性染料，永光EVERJETMagenta)，在室温条件下干燥。
(4)将电力纺真丝织物(10姆米)进行浸轧处理，处理液为质量分数为2.0％的硫酸铵水溶液，轧余率为80.05％。
(5)将转移印花纸与步骤(4)处理后电力纺真丝织物进行热压贴合，热压温度为160℃，压力为5Mpa。然后将转移印花纸与织物一同汽蒸，汽蒸温度为100℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％，时间为15min。汽蒸后水洗，即得到真丝印花织物。按照实施例1中的方法进行测试，印花织物色深值为6.43，染料渗透率93.28％，固色率为83.08％。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种真丝印花织物的制备方法，其特征在于，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将高分子改性剂施于纸张表面，在80℃以下处理后得到转移印花纸，纸张的增重量为10-20g/m2，其中，所述高分子改性剂包括以下质量分数的各组分：水溶性热熔胶0.5-5％、增稠剂2-12％、酸碱剂0.5-3％、吸湿剂2-8％，余量为水；所述高分子改性剂还包括质量分数为0.2-0.5％的纳米粒子，所述纳米粒子的粒径为30-50nm；
(2)使用活性染料墨水或酸性染料墨水对所述转移印花纸进行喷墨打印，干燥后得到喷有墨水的转移印花纸；其中，当步骤(1)中所述高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈碱性时，使用活性染料墨水进行喷墨打印，当所述高分子改性剂中的酸碱剂呈酸性时，使用酸性染料墨水进行喷墨打印；
(3)将真丝织物进行浸轧处理，织物轧余率为80-90％；其中，当步骤(2)中使用所述活性染料墨水时，浸轧处理液为碱性物质水溶液，当使用所述酸性染料墨水时，浸轧处理液中为酸性物质水溶液；所述碱性物质或酸性物质占所述浸轧处理液质量分数的0.1％-2％；
(4)将所述喷有墨水的转移印花纸与经步骤(3)预处理过的真丝织物进行热压贴合，汽蒸、水洗后得到所述真丝印花织物，其中热压温度为100-160℃，热压压力3-6Mpa，汽蒸温度为100-102℃，蒸汽饱和度为98％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述水溶性热熔胶为聚酯热熔胶黏剂、聚酰胺热熔胶黏剂和聚氨酯热熔胶黏剂中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述增稠剂为改性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、改性纤维素、海藻酸钠、改性瓜尔胶粉、改性罗望子胶粉和聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述酸碱剂为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种，或者为硫酸铵和/或柠檬酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述吸湿剂为尿素、甘油和三甘醇中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(3)中，所述碱性物质为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(3)中，所述酸性物质为柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠和硫酸铵中的一种或几种。
8.一种权利要求1-7中任一项所制备的真丝印花织物，其特征在于：所述真丝印花织物的色深值为4-7，染料渗透率为90％-111％，固色率为79-90％。
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