CN114687227A - 一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺及预处理剂 - Google Patents
一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺及预处理剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺:分别制备酸性预处理剂和碱性预处理剂;采用浸轧的工艺将酸性预处理剂施加到棉/聚酰胺织物表面;进行烘干;进行印花和汽蒸;采用浸轧的工艺将碱性预处理剂施加到棉/聚酰胺织物表面;进行烘干;进行汽蒸、烘干、水洗和烘干。酸性预处理剂包括增稠剂0.5~5%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%、助溶剂0~10%,余量为水。碱性预处理剂包括盐类0.5~35%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%,余量为水。本发明的优越性:棉纤维在碱性环境下羟基电离,与染料发生反应。聚酰胺纤维在酸性条件下表面带正电荷,染料更容易靠近聚酰胺纤维并在纤维内固着。两次不同酸碱条件的汽蒸提升了能够与纤维反应的染料的总量,可以提升喷墨印花织物色深。
Description
(一)技术领域:
本发明属于混纺或交织织物印花技术领域,尤其涉及一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺及预处理剂。
(二)背景技术:
天然纤维和合成纤维的混纺或交织织物可以同时获得两种纤维的优异性能,例如棉/聚酰胺交织织物不仅具有棉纤维的吸湿透气性能,又具有聚酰胺纤维强度高的特点。但是两种纤维的物理结构和化学性质具有较大差异,在染色或印花时往往需要选用不同类型的染料进行多次着色,易造成色差。然而,当使用同一种类型的染料时染色或印花时,两种纤维同色性较差,易形成疵点、白点等质量问题。
为了提高印花产品质量,通常需要对织物先进行预处理,在对织物表面进行改性的同时,也能将染料固着时需要的助剂施加在织物表面。CN201810783807.5在棉织物表面接枝了硅烷类聚合物,以提高棉织物印花的清晰度、色泽鲜艳程度以及色牢度。CN201710949043.8先用聚酰胺共聚物处理织物,再印制由合成增稠剂、预聚体、酸性染料组成的印花色浆,染料固着率高,染色牢度优良,几乎无有色废水的排放。CN201710568298.X用多元醇、海藻酸钠、亲水性高分子化合物等物质对棉涤交织面料进行处理,仅使用活性染料一种染料进行印花,避免了分散染料和活性染料的同浆印花造成的色差现象。CN202010310843.7利用阴离子表面活性剂,提升棉/聚酰胺织物上两种纤维的表观得色深度,改善了数码印花产品的图案清晰度、同色性、摩擦牢度及水洗牢度。这些织物的预处理方法证明了印花预处理的必要性和有效性。但是,目前预处理过程中多使用了聚酰胺、硅烷、表面活性剂等化合物,成本较高。
本发明采用pH调节剂在两种pH条件下对棉/聚酰胺织物进行连续预处理和着色,促进染料分别在棉纤维和聚酰胺纤维上着色,方法简单,提升了棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花产品的颜色质量和清晰度,具有成本低、工艺简单的优势。
(三)发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺及预处理剂,它能够解决现有技术的不足,通过使用酸性和碱性两种预处理剂对棉/聚酰胺织物进行预处理,在两次预处理后分别汽蒸,提升棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花色深、图案清晰度,提高棉/聚酰胺织物印花产品的质量。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)分别制备两种预处理剂:
酸性预处理剂按质量百分比计包括以下组分,增稠剂0.5~5%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%、助溶剂0~10%,余量为水,所述预处理剂的pH值小于7;
碱性预处理剂按质量百分比计包括以下组分,盐类0.5~35%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%,余量为水,所述预处理剂的pH值为大于7;
(2)采用浸轧的工艺将步骤(1)所述酸性预处理剂施加到棉/聚酰胺织物表面;
(3)将经过步骤(2)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行烘干;
(4)对经过步骤(3)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行印花和汽蒸;
(5)采用浸轧的工艺将步骤(1)所述碱性预处理剂施加到经过步骤(4)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物表面;
(6)将经过步骤(5)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行烘干;
(7)对经过步骤(6)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行汽蒸、烘干、水洗和烘干。
所述步骤(1)中制备两种预处理剂时,分别将各组分按比例充分混合后,在室温下持续搅拌至无颗粒状态。
所述步骤(2)和步骤(5)中浸轧过织物带液率为60~100%。
所述步骤(3)和步骤(6)中经过浸轧烘干后织物的含水率不超过10%。
所述步骤(4)和步骤(7)中的汽蒸条件是蒸汽温度100~105摄氏度,时间5~20分钟。
所述增稠剂采用海藻酸盐、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素中的至少一种。
所述酸碱调节剂包括酸性调节剂或碱性调节剂;所述酸性调节剂采用醋酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、柠檬酸、草酸中的至少一种;所述碱性调节剂采用碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的至少一种。
所述的助溶剂采用尿素、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、丙三醇中的至少一种。
所述的盐类为氯化钠、氯化钾、硫酸钠或硫酸钾中的至少一种。
一种用于棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺的酸性预处理剂,其特征在于按质量百分比计它包括以下组分,增稠剂0.5~5%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%、助溶剂0~10%,余量为水;所述预处理剂的pH值小于7。
一种用于棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺的碱性预处理剂,其特征在于按质量百分比计它包括以下组分,盐类0.5~35%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%,余量为水;所述预处理剂的pH值大于7。
采用上述的技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:
(1)在两种预处理剂中,由于pH调节剂的使用,使得预处理剂分别呈酸性和碱性。在汽蒸过程中,织物表面的预处理膜吸水,预处理膜中的pH调节剂使织物处于酸性或碱性环境中。在浸轧后的两次汽蒸过程中,织物分别在碱性或酸性环境下与染料发生反应。棉纤维在碱性环境下羟基电离,与染料发生反应。聚酰胺纤维在酸性条件下表面带正电荷,染料更容易靠近聚酰胺纤维并在纤维内固着。两次不同酸碱条件的汽蒸提升了能够与纤维反应的染料的总量,可以提升喷墨印花织物色深。(2)酸碱调节剂均为规模化生产的工业产品,故此工艺成本较低,生产流程简单,操作方便,适合连续化生产。
(四)附图说明:
图1为采用不同的一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺得到的棉/聚酰胺织物对比图;其中,(a)为对比例4中得到的棉/聚酰胺织物;(b)为对比例5中得到的棉/聚酰胺织物;(c)为实施例2中得到的棉/聚酰胺织物。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分,而不是全部的实施例。基于所发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员没有做出创造性的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在下面的描述中,阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其它不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
以下实施例中,所涉及的主要原料:
经过前处理的棉/聚酰胺6平纹交织织物,规格为20s×140D,购自吴江伟佳纺织有限公司,织物已经过退浆、煮练及漂白等前处理工艺;
醋酸、尿素、氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠购自天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司,为分析级试剂;
工业级羟丙基甲基纤维素购自郑州普尔化工产品有限公司;
青色、品红、黄色、黑色活性染料墨水购自杭州宏华数码科技股份有限公司;
标准皂片购自上海纺织工业技术监督所,为标准品。
实施例1:一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)分别制备两种预处理剂:
按质量百分比计配制含有2%羟丙基甲基纤维素、1%醋酸和3%尿素的酸性预处理剂:在500转每分钟的转速的条件下,依次将醋酸和尿素加入水中,搅拌均匀后,缓慢加入羟丙基甲基纤维素,充分搅拌至羟丙基甲基纤维素完全溶解,得到酸性预处理剂。所得酸性预处理液pH约为5。
按质量百分比计配置含有30wt%氯化钠溶液,3wt%氢氧化钠的碱性预处理剂:将氯化钠和氢氧化钠加入水中,充分搅拌,得到碱性预处理剂。所得酸性预处理液pH约为13。
(2)将织物通过轧车(PO-B,厦门瑞比机械有限公司),两浸两轧,浸轧酸性预处理剂,轧辊压力为1.0kg/cm2,浸轧完成后烘干;使用喷墨打印机(TS-JET V2 302,黑迈数码科技有限公司)在织物表面喷墨打印色块,打印完成后烘干;然后将织物在102摄氏度常压饱和蒸汽条件下汽蒸10分钟。
(3)烘干后织物再次通过轧车,两浸两轧,浸轧碱性预处理剂,轧辊压力为1.0kg/cm2,浸轧完成后烘干,再次将织物在102摄氏度常压饱和蒸汽条件下汽蒸10分钟,之后进行水洗烘干。
将得到的印花织物用于颜色数据测试。使用Datacolor台式测色仪在D65光源、10°视角条件下测定喷墨打印单色色块的K/S值和其他颜色数据。
完成浸轧的织物带液率为60~100%。
经过浸轧烘干后织物的含水率不超过10%。
比较例1
按照实施例操作进行处理,区别在于,不使用酸性预处理剂,将2%醋酸被替换为1%碳酸氢钠,制备成另一种预处理剂,其pH值大于7;且在浸轧两种预处理液之间不进行汽蒸。
比较例2
按照实施例操作进行处理,区别在于,不使用酸性预处理剂,将2%醋酸被替换为1%碳酸氢钠,制备成另一种预处理剂,其pH值大于7。
比较例3
按照实施例操作进行处理,区别仅在于,在浸轧两种预处理液之间不进行汽蒸。
采用本发明方法,对比结果见表1。其中,L*反映了颜色的明暗度,a*反映了颜色的红绿色相情况,b*反映了颜色的黄蓝色相情况,C*反映了颜色的色彩饱和度,h°反映了颜色的色相角,K/S反映了颜色的色深情况。
表1实施例及比较例中的棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨打印四色色块的颜色数据。
比较例1相当于仅在碱性条件下对织物进行了一次汽蒸,类似于传统工艺过程。
从表1中可以看出,经过两次汽蒸的比较例2和实施例K/S值均较高,证明了两次汽蒸有利于提升色深。同时,经过酸性和碱性两种pH条件预处理过程和两次汽蒸过程的实施例,四色K/S值总和最高,证明了本发明可以提高印花产品色深。从表1中可以看出,四个颜色L*都下降了,颜色偏暗,这是色深提升导致的。对于青色来说,b*值明显下降了,说明颜色更蓝。对于品红来说,a*变大,说明颜色偏红;h°也更接近360,颜色更加纯正;对于黄色来说,b*值增大,颜色更黄。青、品红、黄三个颜色的C*均增加,证明了色彩饱和度增加。
实施例1与比较例1的对比证明了本发明的处理工艺较传统工艺的效果提升明显。实施例1与比较例2、比较例3的对比证明了本发明预处理剂中酸的使用可以提升棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花效果。
这些数据的变化证明了醋酸和碳酸氢钠在汽蒸过程中的显著作用。棉/聚酰胺织物中两种纤维的得色过程是不同的。棉纤维与活性染料的反应需要在碱性条件下进行。然而,在碱性条件下,聚酰胺表面带负电荷,与带有负电荷的活性染料相互排斥。活性染料分子进入聚酰胺纤维内部的过程会被抑制。因此,在传统碱性预处理汽蒸的工艺上添加酸性条件下汽蒸的过程是非常有必要的。醋酸使得预处理液的pH下降,低于聚酰胺纤维等电点,使聚酰胺纤维表面带正电,水溶液中被电离的活性染料在静电力的作用下更加容易的靠近聚酰胺纤维。在汽蒸时,依靠水分和热的作用,进入聚酰胺纤维非结晶区,留在聚酰胺纤维内部。
这说明本发明可以有效提升棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨打印色深。
根据GB/T 3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》对实施例及比较例进行测试,其中湿摩擦牢度衬布带液率为100%,测试结果见表2。
表2实施例及比较例的摩擦牢度。
由表2可知,酸性和碱性两次预处理和汽蒸基本不影响织物摩擦牢度,符合喷墨印花产品要求。
实施例2:一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)分别制备两种预处理剂:
按质量百分比计配制含有2%羟丙基甲基纤维素、1%醋酸和3%尿素的酸性预处理剂:在500转每分钟的转速的条件下,依次将醋酸和尿素加入水中,搅拌均匀后,缓慢加入羟丙基甲基纤维素,充分搅拌至羟丙基甲基纤维素完全溶解,得到酸性预处理剂。所得酸性预处理液pH约为5。
按质量百分比计配置含有30wt%氯化钠溶液,3wt%氢氧化钠的碱性预处理剂:将氯化钠和氢氧化钠加入水中,充分搅拌,得到碱性预处理剂。所得酸性预处理液pH约为13。
(2)将织物通过轧车(PO-B,厦门瑞比机械有限公司),两浸两轧,浸轧酸性预处理剂,轧辊压力为1.0kg/cm2,浸轧完成后烘干;使用喷墨打印机(TS-JET V2 302,黑迈数码科技有限公司)在织物表面喷墨打印图片,打印完成后烘干;然后将织物在102摄氏度常压饱和蒸汽条件下汽蒸10分钟。
(3)烘干后织物再次通过轧车,两浸两轧,浸轧碱性预处理剂,轧辊压力为1.0kg/cm2,浸轧完成后烘干,再次将织物在102摄氏度常压饱和蒸汽条件下汽蒸10分钟,之后进行水洗烘干。
完成浸轧的织物带液率为60~100%。
经过浸轧烘干后织物的含水率不超过10%。
比较例4
按照实施例2操作进行处理,区别仅在于,不使用酸性预处理剂,将2%醋酸被替换为1%碳酸氢钠,制备成另一种预处理剂,其pH值大于7;增稠剂被替换为海藻酸钠。
比较例5
按照实施例2操作进行处理,区别仅在于,不使用酸性预处理剂,将2%醋酸被替换为1%碳酸氢钠,制备成另一种预处理剂,其pH值大于7。
最终获得的棉/聚酰胺织物如说明书附图1所示。
由说明书附图1可以看出,与对比例4和对比例5相比,实施例2获得了更深的图案。在实施例2中,织物图案中的篮球上的黑色线条、人物的影子、牙齿、五官等更加清晰,证明了本发明可提升棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨打印图案的清晰度。
Claims (10)
1.一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)分别制备两种预处理剂:
酸性预处理剂按质量百分比计包括以下组分,增稠剂0.5~5%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%、助溶剂0~10%,余量为水,所述预处理剂的pH值小于7;
碱性预处理剂按质量百分比计包括以下组分,盐类0.5~35%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%,余量为水,所述预处理剂的pH值为大于7;
(2)采用浸轧的工艺将步骤(1)所述酸性预处理剂施加到棉/聚酰胺织物表面;
(3)将经过步骤(2)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行烘干;
(4)对经过步骤(3)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行印花和汽蒸;
(5)采用浸轧的工艺将步骤(1)所述碱性预处理剂施加到经过步骤(4)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物表面;
(6)将经过步骤(5)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行烘干;
(7)对经过步骤(6)处理过的棉/聚酰胺织物进行汽蒸、烘干、水洗和烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中制备两种预处理剂时,分别将各组分按比例充分混合后,在室温下持续搅拌至无颗粒状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于所述步骤(2)和步骤(5)中浸轧过织物带液率为60~100%。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于所述步骤(3)和步骤(6)中经过浸轧烘干后织物的含水率不超过10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于所述步骤(4)和步骤(7)中的汽蒸条件是蒸汽温度100~105摄氏度,时间5~20分钟。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺,其特征在于所述增稠剂采用海藻酸盐、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素中的至少一种;
所述酸碱调节剂包括酸性调节剂或碱性调节剂;所述酸性调节剂为醋酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、柠檬酸、草酸中的至少一种;所述碱性调节剂为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的至少一种;
所述的助溶剂采用尿素、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、丙三醇中的至少一种;
所述的盐类为氯化钠、氯化钾、硫酸钠或硫酸钾中的至少一种。
7.一种用于权利要求1所述棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺的酸性预处理剂,其特征在于按质量百分比计它包括以下组分,增稠剂0.5~5%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%、助溶剂0~10%,余量为水;所述预处理剂的pH值小于7。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种用于棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺的酸性预处理剂,其特征在于所述增稠剂采用海藻酸盐、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素中的至少一种;所述酸碱调节剂采用酸性调节剂,为醋酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、柠檬酸、草酸中的至少一种;所述的助溶剂采用尿素、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、丙三醇中的至少一种。
9.一种用于权利要求1所述棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺的碱性预处理剂,其特征在于按质量百分比计它包括以下组分,盐类0.5~35%、酸碱调节剂0.2~10%,余量为水;所述预处理剂的pH值大于7。
10.根据权利要求9所述一种用于棉/聚酰胺织物喷墨印花处理工艺的碱性预处理剂,其特征在于所述的盐类为氯化钠、氯化钾、硫酸钠或硫酸钾中的至少一种;所述酸碱调节剂采用碱性调节剂,为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中的至少一种。
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