CN108633514A - A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method - Google Patents
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108633514A CN108633514A CN201810462179.0A CN201810462179A CN108633514A CN 108633514 A CN108633514 A CN 108633514A CN 201810462179 A CN201810462179 A CN 201810462179A CN 108633514 A CN108633514 A CN 108633514A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
- B65D81/22—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient in moist conditions or immersed in liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/50—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage
- B65D85/52—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage for living plants; for growing bulbs
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Abstract
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, including rootstock seedling are cultivated, and scion prepares, batch production grafting, nursery stock storage and transport；It selects excellent pear tree as stock and scion, stock and scion is set after being ready to, it is spare in low-temperature cold-storage, there is grafting operation platform in workshop, stock laydown area, scion laydown area, nursery stock laydown area after grafting, wound binding area are marked off on platform；Rootstock seedling and scion seedling are trimmed before grafting；Stock and scion are tied after the fusing wrapping of graft union candle using double tongue graftings, are labeled note nursery stock kind；The nursery stock grafted is placed in Cord blood in freezer, and the nursery stock of long-distance transport selects high-quality packed in cases to transport；Batch production grafting has high production efficiency, plant percent height, growth fast in the present invention, the death rate is low in transportational process, low cost, the advantages that fast breeding, the simple technical method, saving of work and time are highly practical, effect is good, have a extensive future, and have energetically facilitation to pear tree nursery stock production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree grafting seedling-raising technique field, especially a kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method.
Background technology
Fruit-tree grafting is one of the method for fruit tree vegetative propagation, that is, takes branch or bud on improved seeds plant to be connected to another
The suitable position of plant both makes in conjunction with and generates new plant；Currently, general grafting seedlings-growing method is that typically in field and has come
At this work, due to outside the room of field nursery operation by ambient weather variation, grafting period, seedling growth situation, potential condition
Deng influence, there are breeding efficiencies it is low, institute's nursery wood regularity is poor, time-consuming the problems such as；Existing foreign countries' large factory nursery
Method needs equipment complexity and of high cost, the current fruit nursery stock production in not applicable China.
Existing pear-tree grafting method generally use cortex grafting, bud connects, cut-grafting, cleft grafting, side grafting etc., exist and graft successfully
The defects such as rate is low, and survival rate is low not only increase the planting cost of orchard worker, and time-consuming and laborious, and using common piece in knife
It constructs, is not reached requirement in hardness and sharpness, during being cut to branch, the plane of cutting is irregular, unfavorable
In healing, and efficiency is low；The wrapping of wound is important a link in grafting procedures, and common method is to use plastic film
A knot is beaten after winding, then cuts off plastic film, and wrapping speed in this way is slow, time-consuming, after seedling planting is to field, with life
Long thickening, interface plastic film can influence the growth of nursery stock, release plastic film not in time and will appear contriction, limitation nursery stock is normal
Growth and development after needing graft union to heal completely, needs timely to unbind plastic film, and Common Use Tools cut open plastic film, but
It is that can cause some mechanical injuries that cause to nursery stock, while also more time-consuming during unbundlings；It grafts
Nursery stock needs storage in time, but easily occurs because humidity is excessive, the problems such as going rotten during storage；And in long-distance fortune
Defeated middle nursery stock is easy dehydration and dries up, and causes nursery stock to go rotten so as to cause poor aeration in plant death or babinet, equally makes
At nursery stock death, extreme loss is caused.
Invention content
In order to overcome the technical drawbacks described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory methods, no
Only may be implemented pear tree efficiently, low cost, high quality and batch production fast seedling growing, and increase grafting after Survival rate of nursery stock
Rate reduces the nursery stock death rate in storage and transportational process.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, including following steps：Rootstock seedling is cultivated, and scion prepares, factory
Change grafting, nursery stock storage and transport.
1, rootstock seedling is cultivated
1.1 pear tree stock varieties select
Select the improved seeds of the pear tree of resistance as stock.
1.2 rootstock seedlings are cultivated
Excellent seed is selected, it is 5 DEG C that seed, which is placed on temperature, and humidity carries out under the conditions of being 70% at low temperature level
Reason, processing time are 50-60 days；By processed seed, seeding and seedling raising is carried out using Small plastic shed in March, after the long 10cm of seedling
Field transplanting is carried out, nursery stock spacing 10cm carries out conventional fertilizer and water management, and July, young sprout top summer continuous pinching, thick in nursery stock
Degree reaches 0.5cm or more, one year seedling, you can be out of the garden for graft stock.
2. excellent scion variety selection
Select pear tree improved seeds, it is desirable that branch development enrich, sprout it is full, no any pest and disease damage with 50 for 1 tie into
Row binding, and kind label is carried out, it is spare to be positioned over low-temperature cold-storage.
3. indoor industrially is grafted
3.1. grafting operation design of workshop
Multiple grafting operation platforms are built in operation workshop, mark off stock laydown area on platform, scion laydown area,
Nursery stock laydown area after grafting, wound bind area.
Nursery stock arranges before 3.2 graftings
Root system is carried out to rootstock seedling before grafting and branch slightly trims arrangement：Cut off overground part slightly from the above branches of rhizome 15cm, root
System cuts off outside long main root, and as possible to retain lateral root, overstocked position suitably removes, to be sheared again to injured root item, with profit more
It heals in wound location.
The grafting of 3.3 stocks and scion
The grafting of the stock and scion uses double tongue graftings, the specific steps are：Scion is cut into long 8-10cm's
Stem section, stem section top retain at least one 1 full bud, and stem section base portion cuts out the angle that length is 3cm with special grafting knife, and
In angle centre position, longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm, stock upper end are similarly cut out to the angle of 3cm, and oblique
Longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm in mouth centre position, then by scion and the alignment insertion of stock bevel notch, mainly
Forming layer is aligned, that is, completes grafting operation；Double tongue graftings are with wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent is high, raw
The advantages that long fast, is successfully applied to pears to improve batch production grafting quality by using new grafting tool and engrafting method
It sets in nursery, is the improvement to existing pear tree nursery grafting method.
The fusing wrapping of 3.4 graft union candles
The plant grafted binds grafting wound with plastic film first, is enclosed with plastic film winding three at grafting, so
Candle flame is utilized afterwards, and plastics binding strap is fused, is rapidly pasted together binding strap.
The binding of 3.5 graftings arranges
Plant after grafting, root system are put with overground part neatly upward downward, every 20 plants for bundle, tied with rubber band,
Label note nursery stock kind.
4 nursery stocks preserve and transport
4.1 nursery stocks preserve
The nursery stock grafted is positioned over Cord blood in freezer：Nursery stock storage bar groove is set in freezer, bottom is laid with wet river
Then nursery stock is deposited in above river sand by sand, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fill up nursery stock gap.
4.2 seedling transportation
The nursery stock of long-distance transport selects high-quality packed in cases transport：It is thin to be laid with plastics for bottom and side first in carton
Then film is laid with wet saw end in the bottom of box, puts one layer of nursery stock in sawdust upper horizontal, be then laid with sawdust, continue to place
Nursery stock can continuously place 5-7 layers, after filling nursery stock, and with plastic film package nursery stock, babinet binder bundlees solid.
Further, the stock birch-leaf pear, bean pear, oblonga or Ussurian pear resistance improved seeds.
Further, the scion selects crisp hat, gold, Qiu Yue, the Huashan, new type deposit or the fragrant resistance of beautiful dew
Improved seeds.
Further, the special grafting knife does material using manganese steel, and handle of a knife long 15cm, thickness 2cm use wood materials
Package, the additional Antislip plastic bed of material, the long 6cm of blade, width 2cm, point of a knife is oblique.
Further, described 1 year raw branch, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm, length 50-80cm.
Further, the operating platform specification requirement is high long 3m, the wooden tables of wide 1.5m, 0.5m.
Further, it is 0.02mm that the plastic film, which selects thickness, and width is 40mm sealed polyethylene plastics.
Further, during the nursery stock preserves, nursery stock storage bar groove is set up in freezer, bottom spreads one layer
Nursery stock, is then deposited in above river sand by the wet river sand of 20cm thickness, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fills up nursery stock gap；It is cold
Library temperature control is between 2-5 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 70-80%, check at any time humiture in library, to prevent nursery stock humidity mistake
Greatly, it goes rotten.
Further, during the seedling transportation, surrounding spreads layer of plastic film in carton, then in babinet
Bottom is laid with the wet saw end of one layer of 10cm thickness, puts one layer of nursery stock in sawdust upper horizontal, centre overlays 1 layer of 5cm thickness sawdust, can
Continue to place nursery stock, can continuously place 5-7 layers, plastic film package nursery stock, babinet binder is finally used to bundle solid.
Further, during the seedling transportation, ventilation mouth, ventilation mouth are pre-seted in tank ends centre position
A diameter of 2cm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect
Batch production grafting has that production efficiency is high, is not limited by external environmental condition, educated seedling quality in the present invention
The advantages that good, overcomes the limitation of external environmental condition in nursery, and using easy operating platform, is tied up what nursery stock was made rational planning for
Prick and storage, every sport technique segment during perfect fruit tree seedling culture, realize pear tree efficiently, low cost, high quality and batch production
Fast breeding, change traditional pear tree method for culturing seedlings, reduce the cost and technical difficulty of pear tree nursery, the technical method
It is easy, highly practical, effect is good, has a extensive future, there is energetically facilitation to pear tree nursery stock production；
Pear tree nursery stock has wiped out a large amount of useless branches slightly after arranging in the present invention, nursery stock volume-diminished, nursery stock coherence enhancing,
It is improved convenient for later stage batch production seedling grafting efficiency and transportation cost reduces, and do not influence seedling growth；Double tongues are transferred in the present invention
Connection is never applied in pear tree nursery, but double whip grafts are with wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent
The advantages that height, fast growth, pear tree industrial seedling rearing quality can be improved, the material used does material for manganese steel, uses wood materials
Package, the additional Antislip plastic bed of material, point of a knife are oblique, which holds firm, rapid operation, more superior than Common Use Tools.；
The present invention is using candle fusing technology, and need not knot binding in grafting interface process of binding, when saving grafting
Between, improve grafting efficiency；After graft union heals completely, interface plastic tape need not be unbinded during seedling growth, is not required to
Plastic film is unbinded, under the influence of the thickening tension of branch stem section, plastics binding strap bonding port can be opened and be detached from automatically, be saved
Gone the unbundlings link during seedling growth, can saving of work and time, while being also prevented from and plastic film cut open using cutter, cause pair
The mechanical injuries of nursery stock；
The nursery stock grafted is positioned over Cord blood in freezer and spreads wet river sand by bottom, can preserve persistently, be added to
Motility rate is solved nursery stock after being grafted in transportational process using the packed in cases transport with wet saw end and is easy in transportational process
The problem of dehydration, increases moist keeping measures, and motility rate is high, and by reserving blow vent, prevents humidity in plant box excessive, cause nursery stock
It goes rotten.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the grafting operation platform of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the grafting schematic diagram in step 3.3 in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the special grafting knife of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described, following embodiment is intended to illustrate invention rather than to this
Invention further limits.
Embodiment 1
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, including following steps：Rootstock seedling is cultivated, and scion prepares, factory
Change grafting, nursery stock storage and transport.
2, rootstock seedling is cultivated
1.1 pear tree stock varieties select
Select the pear tree improved seeds of birch-leaf pear, bean pear, oblonga or Ussurian pear resistance as stock.
1.2 rootstock seedlings are cultivated
Excellent seed is selected, it is 5 DEG C that seed, which is placed on temperature, and humidity carries out under the conditions of being 70% at low temperature level
Reason, processing time are 60 days；By processed seed, seeding and seedling raising is carried out using Small plastic shed in March, is carried out after the long 10cm of seedling
Field transplanting, nursery stock spacing 10cm, conventional fertilizer and water management are 150kg/ mu of the top dressing using 1.5 ton/mu of base manure, foundation rainfall,
Whole year watering 3-6 time, summer continuous pinching at the top of July young sprout, promotes the growth of nursery stock thickening, in nursery stock rugosity up to 0.5cm, 1
Nian Shengmiao, you can be out of the garden for graft stock.
2. scion variety selects
Crisp hat, gold, Qiu Yue, the Huashan, new type deposit or yuluxiang pear tree improved seeds are selected, in cutting orchard clip 1 year
Raw branch, rugosity is between 0.5-1.0cm, and length is between 50-80cm, it is desirable that branch development enriches, sprout is full, without any
Pest and disease damage, the branch cut from tree cut off branch base portion and slightly hold ropy bud, are bound for 1 bundle with 50, and do
Good kind label, it is spare to be positioned over low-temperature cold-storage.
3. indoor industrially is grafted
3.1. nursery operates design of workshop
Multiple graft seedling growth operating platforms are built in factory floor, platform specification requires to be high long 3m, wide 1.5m,
0.5m places 4 benches on platform both sides, can accommodate 4 grafting works while operate, each operating platform takes up an area 10m2；Flat
Stock laydown area, scion laydown area, nursery stock laydown area after grafting, the positions such as wound binding area are marked off on platform；According to factory's vehicle
Between size, operating platform in varying numbers can be put；The platform nursery material place it is reasonable, easy to operate, production efficiency is high, at
This is low.
Nursery stock arranges before 3.2 graftings
Root system is carried out to rootstock seedling before grafting and branch slightly trims arrangement：Cut off overground part slightly from the above branches of rhizome 15cm, root
System cuts off outside long main root, and as possible to retain lateral root, overstocked position suitably removes, to be sheared again to injured root item, with profit more
It heals in wound location, nursery stock has wiped out a large amount of useless branches slightly after arranging, and nursery stock volume-diminished, nursery stock coherence enhancing is convenient for
Later stage batch production seedling grafting efficiency improves and transportation cost reduces, and does not influence seedling growth.
The grafting of 3.3 stocks and scion
The grafting of stock and scion uses double tongue graftings, the specific steps are：Scion is cut into the stem section of long 8-10cm, stem
Section top retains at least one 1 full bud, and stem section base portion cuts out the angle that length is 3cm with special grafting knife, and in angle
Longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm, stock upper end are similarly cut out to the angle of 3cm, and among angle in centre position
Longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm for position, are then inserted into scion and the alignment of stock bevel notch, mainly forming layer
Alignment, that is, complete grafting operation；Double tongue graftings have wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent is high, growth is fast etc.
Advantage grafts quality to improve batch production, and the special long 15cm of grafting knife handle of a knife, thickness 2cm are wrapped up with wood materials, additional anti-
Sliding plastic layer, the long 6cm of blade, width 2cm, point of a knife is oblique, and special grafting knife does material by using manganese steel, and hardness is big, knife
Knife edge profit, causes the coplanar flat of cutting, is easy to heal.
The fusing wrapping of 3.4 graft union candles
The plant grafted, is wrapped up with plastic film first：Selection thickness is 0.02mm, and width is 40mm polyethylene
Then plastic film, binding grafting wound utilize candle flame, plastics are bound with three circle of plastic film winding at grafting
Binding strap, is pasted together rapidly by band fusing, using candle fusing technology, need not knot in grafting interface process of binding
Grafting time is saved in binding, improves grafting efficiency；After graft union heals completely, it need not be unbinded during seedling growth
Interface plastic tape need not unbind plastic film, and under the influence of the thickening tension of branch stem section, plastics binding strap bonding port can be certainly
It is dynamic to open and be detached from, eliminate the unbundlings link during seedling growth, can saving of work and time, while being also prevented from and being cut open using cutter
Plastic film causes the mechanical injuries to nursery stock.
The binding of 3.5 graftings arranges
Plant after grafting, root system are put with overground part neatly upward downward, every 20 plants for bundle, tied with rubber band,
Label note nursery stock kind.
4 nursery stocks preserve and transport
4.1 nursery stocks preserve
The nursery stock grafted is positioned over Cord blood in freezer：Nursery stock storage bar groove is set up in freezer, bottom spreads one layer
Nursery stock, is then deposited in above river sand by the wet river sand of 20cm thickness, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fills up nursery stock gap；It is cold
Library temperature control is between 2-5 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 70-80%, check at any time humiture in library, to prevent nursery stock humidity mistake
Greatly, it goes rotten.
4.2 seedling transportation
The nursery stock of long-distance transport is to prevent nursery stock moisture loss, and high-quality packed in cases should be selected to transport：First in carton
Surrounding spreads layer of plastic film, and the wet saw end of one layer of 10cm thickness is then laid in the bottom of box, one is put in sawdust upper horizontal
Layer nursery stock, centre overlay 1 layer of 5cm thickness sawdust, can continue to place nursery stock, can continuously place 5-7 layers, after filling nursery stock, use plastics
Film package nursery stock, babinet binder bundle solid.To prevent humidity in babinet excessive, plant percent, Ying Xiang are influenced
Body both ends centre position pre-sets ventilation mouth, a diameter of 2cm of ventilation mouth.The seedling packing method can ensure seedling in transporting procedures
Demand of the wood to moisture reduces the dehydration of nursery stock in transportational process and is lost caused by drying up.
Batch production grafting has that production efficiency is high, is not limited by external environmental condition, educated seedling quality in the present invention
The advantages that good, overcomes the limitation of external environmental condition in nursery, and using easy operating platform, is tied up what nursery stock was made rational planning for
Prick and storage, every sport technique segment during perfect fruit tree seedling culture, realize pear tree efficiently, low cost, high quality and batch production
Fast breeding, change traditional pear tree method for culturing seedlings, reduce the cost and technical difficulty of pear tree nursery, the technical method
It is easy, highly practical, effect is good, has a extensive future, there is energetically facilitation to pear tree nursery stock production；
Pear tree nursery stock has wiped out a large amount of useless branches slightly after arranging in the present invention, nursery stock volume-diminished, nursery stock coherence enhancing,
It is improved convenient for later stage batch production seedling grafting efficiency and transportation cost reduces, and do not influence seedling growth；Double tongues are transferred in the present invention
Connection is never applied in pear tree nursery, but double whip grafts are with wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent
The advantages that height, fast growth, pear tree industrial seedling rearing quality can be improved, the material used does material for manganese steel, uses wood materials
Package, the additional Antislip plastic bed of material, point of a knife are oblique, which holds firm, rapid operation, more superior than Common Use Tools；
The present invention is using candle fusing technology, and need not knot binding in grafting interface process of binding, when saving grafting
Between, improve grafting efficiency；After graft union heals completely, interface plastic tape need not be unbinded during seedling growth, is not required to
Plastic film is unbinded, under the influence of the thickening tension of branch stem section, plastics binding strap bonding port can be opened and be detached from automatically, be saved
Gone the unbundlings link during seedling growth, can saving of work and time, while being also prevented from and plastic film cut open using cutter, cause pair
The mechanical injuries of nursery stock；
The nursery stock grafted is positioned over Cord blood in freezer and spreads wet river sand by bottom, can preserve persistently, be added to
Motility rate is solved nursery stock after being grafted in transportational process using the packed in cases transport with wet saw end and is easy in transportational process
The problem of dehydration, increases moist keeping measures, and motility rate is high, and by reserving blow vent, prevents humidity in plant box excessive, cause nursery stock
It goes rotten.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail can carry out a variety of equivalents to technical scheme of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, this
A little equivalents all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, it is characterised in that：Including following steps：Rootstock seedling is cultivated, scion
Prepare, batch production grafting, nursery stock storage and transport；
(1) rootstock seedling is cultivated
1.1 pear tree stock varieties select
Select the improved seeds of the pear tree of resistance as stock.
1.2 rootstock seedlings are cultivated
Excellent seed is selected, it is 5 DEG C that seed, which is placed on temperature, and humidity carries out low temperature level processing, place under the conditions of being 70%
It is 50-60 days to manage the time；By processed seed, seeding and seedling raising is carried out using Small plastic shed in March, field is carried out after the long 10cm of seedling
Between transplant, nursery stock spacing 10cm carries out conventional fertilizer and water management, and summer continuous pinching at the top of July young sprout is reached in nursery stock rugosity
0.5cm or more, one year seedling, you can be out of the garden for graft stock.
(2) excellent scion variety selection
Select pear tree improved seeds, it is desirable that branch development enriches, sprout is full, and no any pest and disease damage is tied up with 50 for 1 bundle
It pricks, and carries out kind label, it is spare to be positioned over low-temperature cold-storage.
(3) indoor industrially is grafted
3.1. grafting operation design of workshop
Multiple grafting operation platforms are built in operation workshop, stock laydown area, scion laydown area, grafting are marked off on platform
Nursery stock laydown area afterwards, wound bind area.
Nursery stock arranges before 3.2 graftings
Root system is carried out to rootstock seedling before grafting and branch slightly trims arrangement：Cut off overground part slightly from the above branches of rhizome 15cm, root system is cut
It goes outside long main root, as possible to retain lateral root, overstocked position suitably removes, to be sheared again to injured root item more, in favor of wound
It heals oral area position.
The grafting of 3.3 stocks and scion
The grafting of the stock and scion uses double tongue graftings, the specific steps are：Scion is cut into the stem section of long 8-10cm,
Stem section top retains at least one 1 full bud, and stem section base portion cuts out the angle that length is 3cm with special grafting knife, and oblique
Longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm, stock upper end are similarly cut out to the angle of 3cm, and in angle in mouth centre position
Between position longitudinally incision one edge of a knife, depth reach 2cm, then by scion and stock bevel notch alignment be inserted into, mainly formed
Layer alignment, that is, complete grafting operation；Double tongue graftings are with wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent is high, growth is fast
The advantages that.It is successfully applied to pear tree by using new grafting tool and engrafting method to improve batch production grafting quality and educates
Miao Zhong is the improvement to existing pear tree nursery grafting method.
The fusing wrapping of 3.4 graft union candles
The plant grafted binds grafting wound with plastic film first, then sharp with three circle of plastic film winding at grafting
With candle flame, plastics binding strap is fused, is rapidly pasted together binding strap.
The binding of 3.5 graftings arranges
Plant after grafting, root system are put with overground part neatly upward downward, every 20 plants for bundle, tied with rubber band, patch note
Nursery stock kind label.
(4) wood is preserved and is transported
4.1 nursery stocks preserve
The nursery stock grafted is positioned over Cord blood in freezer：Nursery stock storage bar groove is set in freezer, bottom is laid with wet river sand, so
Nursery stock is deposited in above river sand afterwards, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fills up nursery stock gap.
4.2 seedling transportation
The nursery stock of long-distance transport selects high-quality packed in cases transport：Bottom and side are laid with plastic film first in carton, so
It is laid with wet saw end in the bottom of box afterwards, one layer of nursery stock is put in sawdust upper horizontal, is then laid with sawdust, continues to place nursery stock,
5-7 layers, after filling nursery stock can be continuously placed, with plastic film package nursery stock, babinet binder bundlees solid.
2. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Root-stock selection Du
The improved seeds of pears, bean pear, oblonga or Ussurian pear resistance.
3. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the scion choosing
Select the improved seeds of crisp hat, gold, Qiu Yue, the Huashan, new type deposit or the fragrant resistance of beautiful dew.
4. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the special grafting knife is adopted
Material is done with manganese steel, and handle of a knife long 15cm, thickness 2cm are wrapped up with wood materials, the additional Antislip plastic bed of material, the long 6cm of blade, width
2cm, point of a knife are oblique.
5. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw branch in described 1 year, slightly
Degree is 0.5-1.0cm, length 50-80cm.
6. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the operating platform specification is wanted
It asks as long 3m, the wooden tables of wide 1.5m, high 0.5m.
7. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plastic film is selected
Thickness is 0.02mm, and width is 40mm sealed polyethylene plastics.
8. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that preserved in the nursery stock
Cheng Zhong sets up nursery stock storage bar groove in freezer, and bottom spreads the wet river sand of one layer of 20cm thickness, then nursery stock is deposited on river sand
Nursery stock gap after placing nursery stock, then with river sand is filled up in face；Temperature of ice house controls between 2-5 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 70-
80%, check at any time humiture in library gone rotten with preventing nursery stock humidity excessive.
9. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the seedling transportation mistake
Cheng Zhong, surrounding spreads layer of plastic film in carton, the wet saw end of one layer of 10cm thickness is then laid in the bottom of box, on sawdust
Face level puts one layer of nursery stock, and centre overlays 1 layer of 5cm thickness sawdust, can continue to place nursery stock, can continuously place 5-7 layers, finally use
Plastic film package nursery stock, babinet binder bundle solid.
10. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the seedling transportation
In the process, ventilation mouth, a diameter of 2cm of ventilation mouth are pre-seted in tank ends centre position.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109743998A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-05-14 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | A kind of grafting green cucumber seedling conveying method reducing nursery and transportation cost |
| CN110024576A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-19 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of binding method for grafting nursery stock |
| CN117981591A (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2024-05-07 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Industrialized grafting seedling raising method for pear trees |
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| CN1836487A (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2006-09-27 | 李洁明 | Non-knot binding method for plant graft |
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| CN1836487A (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2006-09-27 | 李洁明 | Non-knot binding method for plant graft |
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| CN109743998A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-05-14 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | A kind of grafting green cucumber seedling conveying method reducing nursery and transportation cost |
| CN110024576A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-19 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of binding method for grafting nursery stock |
| CN117981591A (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2024-05-07 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Industrialized grafting seedling raising method for pear trees |
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