CN108633514B - A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method - Google Patents
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108633514B CN108633514B CN201810462179.0A CN201810462179A CN108633514B CN 108633514 B CN108633514 B CN 108633514B CN 201810462179 A CN201810462179 A CN 201810462179A CN 108633514 B CN108633514 B CN 108633514B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
- B65D81/22—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient in moist conditions or immersed in liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/50—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage
- B65D85/52—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage for living plants; for growing bulbs
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Abstract
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, including rootstock seedling are cultivated, and scion prepares, batch production grafting, nursery stock storage and transport；It selects excellent pear tree as stock and scion, stock and scion is set after being ready to, it is spare in low-temperature cold-storage, there is grafting operation platform in workshop, stock laydown area, scion laydown area, nursery stock laydown area after grafting, wound binding area are marked off on platform；Rootstock seedling and scion seedling are trimmed before grafting；Stock and scion are tied after the fusing wrapping of graft union candle using double tongue graftings, are labeled note nursery stock kind；The nursery stock grafted is placed in cryo-conservation in freezer, and the nursery stock of long-distance transport selects high-quality packed in cases to transport；Batch production grafting has high production efficiency, plant percent height, growth fast in the present invention, the death rate is low in transportational process, low cost, the advantages that fast breeding, the simple technical method, saving of work and time are practical, effect is good, have a extensive future, and have energetically facilitation to pear tree nursery stock production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree grafting seedling-raising technique field, especially a kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method.
Background technique
Fruit-tree grafting is one of the method for fruit tree vegetative propagation, that is, takes branch or bud on excellent variety plant to be connected to another
The suitable position of plant both makes in conjunction with and generates new plant；Currently, general grafting seedlings-growing method is that typically in field and has come
At this work, due to outside the room of field nursery operation by ambient weather variation, grafting period, seedling growth situation, potential condition
Deng influence, there are breeding efficiencies it is low, institute's nursery wood uniformity is poor, time-consuming the problems such as；Existing foreign countries' large factory nursery
Method needs that the device is complicated and at high cost, is not suitable for the current fruit nursery stock production in China.
Existing pear-tree grafting method generallys use cortex grafting, and bud connects, cut-grafting, cleft grafting, side grafting etc., exists and grafts successfully
The defects such as rate is low, and survival rate is low not only increase the planting cost of orchard worker, and time-consuming and laborious, and using common blade in knife
Construction, do not reach requirement in hardness and sharpness, during cutting to branch, the plane of cutting is irregular, no
Conducive to healing, and low efficiency；The wrapping of wound is important a link in grafting procedures, and common method is thin with plastics
Beat knot after film winding, then cuts off plastic film, it is slow to wrap up speed in this way, time-consuming, after seedling planting is to field, with
Thickening is grown, interface plastic film will affect the growth of nursery stock, and releasing plastic film not in time will appear contriction, and limitation nursery stock is just
It is frequently grown development, after needing graft union to heal completely, needs timely to unbind plastic film, Common Use Tools cut open plastic film,
But during unbundlings, it will cause some mechanical injuries to nursery stock, while also more time-consuming；The seedling grafted
Wood needs storage in time, but easily occurs because humidity is excessive, the problems such as going rotten during storage；And it is transporting for long-distance
Middle nursery stock is easy dehydration and dries up, and causes nursery stock to go rotten so as to cause poor aeration in plant death or cabinet, equally causes
Nursery stock is dead, causes extreme loss.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the technical drawbacks described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory methods, no
Only may be implemented pear tree efficiently, low cost, high quality and batch production fast seedling growing, and increase grafting after Survival rate of nursery stock
Rate reduces the nursery stock death rate in storage and transportational process.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, including the following steps: rootstock seedling is cultivated, and scion prepares, factory
Change grafting, nursery stock storage and transport；
Rootstock seedling is cultivated,
The selection of 1.1 pear tree stock varieties,
Select the excellent variety of the pear tree of resistance as stock；
1.2 rootstock seedlings are cultivated,
Excellent seed is selected, it is 5 DEG C that seed, which is placed on temperature, and humidity carries out the processing of low temperature level under the conditions of being 70%,
Handling the time is 50-60 days；By processed seed, seeding and seedling raising is carried out using Small plastic shed in March, is carried out after the long 10cm of seedling
Field transplanting, nursery stock spacing 10cm carry out conventional fertilizer and water management, and July, young sprout top summer continuous pinching, reached in nursery stock rugosity
0.5cm or more, one year seedling are out of the garden for graft stock；
2. excellent scion variety selection,
Select pear tree excellent variety, it is desirable that branch development enrich, sprout it is full, no any pest and disease damage with 50 for 1 tie into
Row binding, and kind label is carried out, it is spare to be placed in low-temperature cold-storage；
3. indoor industrially is grafted,
3.1. grafting operation design of workshop,
Multiple grafting operation platforms are built in operation workshop, mark off stock laydown area on platform, scion laydown area,
Nursery stock laydown area after grafting, wound bind area；
3.2, which graft preceding nursery stock, arranges,
Root system is carried out to rootstock seedling before grafting and branch slightly trims arrangement: cutting off overground part slightly from the above branch of rhizome 15cm, root
System cuts off outside too long main root, and as far as possible to retain lateral root, overstocked position suitably removes, to shear again to injured root item, with benefit more
It heals in wound location；
The grafting of 3.3 stocks and scion,
The grafting of the stock and scion is using double tongue graftings, specific steps are as follows: scion is cut into long 8-10cm's
Stem section, stem section top retain at least one full bud, and stem section base portion cuts out the angle that length is 3cm with dedicated grafting knife, and
Longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm, stock upper end are similarly cut out to the angle of 3cm, and in angle in angle middle position
Longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm in middle position, then by scion and the alignment insertion of stock bevel notch, mainly shape
Stratification alignment, i.e. completion grafting operation；Double tongue graftings are with wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent is high, growth
The advantages that fast, is successfully applied to pear tree by using new grafting tool and engrafting method to improve batch production grafting quality
It is the improvement to existing pear tree nursery grafting method in nursery；
The fusing wrapping of 3.4 graft union candles,
The plant grafted binds grafting wound with plastic film first, is enclosed at grafting with plastic film winding three, so
Candle flame is utilized afterwards, and plastic film binding strap is fused, is rapidly pasted together binding strap；
The binding of 3.5 graftings arranges,
Plant after grafting, root system are put with overground part neatly upward downward, and every 20 plants are a bundle, are tied with rubber band,
Label note nursery stock kind；
4 nursery stocks save and transport,
4.1 nursery stocks save,
The nursery stock grafted is placed in cryo-conservation in freezer: nursery stock storage bar groove is set in freezer, bottom is laid with wet river
Then nursery stock is deposited in above river sand by sand, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fill up nursery stock gap；
4.2 seedling transportations,
The nursery stock of long-distance transport selects high-quality packed in cases transport: it is thin to be laid with plastics for bottom and side first in carton
Then film is laid with wet saw end in the bottom of box, puts one layer of nursery stock in sawdust upper horizontal, be then laid with sawdust, continue to place
Nursery stock continuously places 5-7 layers, after filling nursery stock, and with plastic film package nursery stock, cabinet binder bundlees solid.
Further, the excellent variety of the stock birch-leaf pear, bean pear, oblonga or Ussurian pear resistance.
Further, the scion selects crisp hat, gold, Qiu Yue, the Huashan, new type deposit or Yu Luxiang resistance
Excellent variety.
Further, the dedicated grafting knife is material, knife handle long 15cm, thickness 2cm, with wooden material using manganese steel
Material package, the additional Antislip plastic bed of material, the long 6cm of blade, width 2cm, point of a knife is oblique.
Further, the one year seedling, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm, length 50-80cm.
Further, the operating platform specification requirement is long 3 m, wide 1.5 m, the wooden tables of high 0.5 m.
Further, the plastic film in the step 3.4 is selected with a thickness of 0.02mm, and width is 40mm vinyon
Film.
Further, during the nursery stock saves, nursery stock storage bar groove is set up in freezer, bottom spreads one layer
Nursery stock, is then deposited in above river sand by the wet river sand of 20cm thickness, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fills up nursery stock gap；It is cold
Library temperature controls between 2-5 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 70-80%, check at any time temperature and humidity in library, to prevent nursery stock humidity excessive,
It goes rotten.
Further, during the seedling transportation, surrounding spreads layer of plastic film in carton, then in cabinet
Bottom is laid with the wet saw end of one layer of 10cm thickness, puts one layer of nursery stock in sawdust upper horizontal, and centre overlays 1 layer of 5cm thickness sawdust, after
It is continuous to place nursery stock, 5-7 layers are continuously placed, plastic film package nursery stock is finally used, cabinet binder bundlees solid.
Further, during the seedling transportation, ventilation mouth, ventilation mouth are pre-seted in tank ends middle position
Diameter is 2cm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Batch production grafting has high production efficiency, is not limited by external environmental condition, educated seedling quality in the present invention
The advantages that good, overcomes the limitation of external environmental condition in nursery, and using easy operating platform, ties up what nursery stock was made rational planning for
Prick and storage, every sport technique segment during perfect fruit tree seedling culture, realize pear tree efficiently, low cost, high quality and batch production
Fast breeding, change traditional pear tree method for culturing seedlings, reduce the cost and technical difficulty of pear tree nursery, the technical method
It is easy, practical, effect is good, has a extensive future, there is energetically facilitation to pear tree nursery stock production；
Pear tree nursery stock has wiped out a large amount of useless branches slightly after arranging in the present invention, nursery stock volume-diminished, nursery stock coherence enhancing,
It is improved convenient for later period batch production seedling grafting efficiency and transportation cost reduces, and do not influence seedling growth；Double tongues are transferred in the present invention
Connection is never applied in pear tree nursery, but double whip grafts are with wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent
The advantages that height, fast growth, pear tree industrial seedling rearing quality can be improved, the material used does material for manganese steel, uses wood materials
Package, the additional Antislip plastic bed of material, point of a knife is oblique, firm, the rapid operation of design holding, more superior than Common Use Tools；
The present invention uses candle fusing technology, the binding that knots is not needed in grafting interface process of binding, when saving is grafted
Between, improve grafting efficiency；After graft union heals completely, unbundlings plastic film is not needed during seedling growth, in branch
Under the influence of the thickening tension of stem section, plastics binding strap bonding port can be opened and be detached from automatically, during eliminating seedling growth
Unbind link, can saving of work and time, while being also prevented from and plastic film cut open using cutter, cause the mechanical injuries to nursery stock；
The nursery stock grafted is placed in freezer cryo-conservation and spreads wet river sand by bottom, can save persistently, increase at
Motility rate is solved nursery stock after grafting in transportational process using the packed in cases transport with wet saw end and is easy during transportation
The problem of dehydration, increases moist keeping measures, and motility rate is high, and by reserving blow vent, prevents humidity in plant box excessive, cause nursery stock
It goes rotten.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is grafting operation platform of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the grafting schematic diagram in the present invention in step 3.3；
Fig. 3 is dedicated grafting knife of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described, following embodiment is intended to illustrate invention rather than to this
Invention further limits.
Embodiment 1
A kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, including the following steps: rootstock seedling is cultivated, and scion prepares, factory
Change grafting, nursery stock storage and transport.
Rootstock seedling is cultivated
The selection of 1.1 pear tree stock varieties
Select the pear tree excellent variety of birch-leaf pear, bean pear, oblonga or Ussurian pear resistance as stock.
1.2 rootstock seedlings are cultivated
Excellent seed is selected, it is 5 DEG C that seed, which is placed on temperature, and humidity carries out the processing of low temperature level under the conditions of being 70%,
Handling the time is 60 days；By processed seed, seeding and seedling raising is carried out using Small plastic shed in March, carries out field after the long 10cm of seedling
Between transplant, nursery stock spacing 10cm, conventional fertilizer and water management be application 1.5 ton/mu of base manure, 150kg/ mu of top dressing, foundation rainfall,
Whole year watering 3-6 time, summer continuous pinching at the top of July young sprout, promotes the growth of nursery stock thickening, in nursery stock rugosity up to 0.5cm, 1
Nian Shengmiao can be out of the garden for graft stock.
2. scion variety selects
Crisp hat, gold, Qiu Yue, the Huashan, new type deposit or yuluxiang pear tree excellent variety are selected, at cutting orchard clip 1 year
Raw branch, rugosity is between 0.5-1.0cm, and length is between 50-80cm, it is desirable that branch development enriches, sprout is full, without any
Pest and disease damage, the branch cut from tree cut off branch base portion and slightly hold ropy bud, are bound with 50 for 1 bundle, and do
Good kind label, it is spare to be placed in low-temperature cold-storage.
3. indoor industrially is grafted
3.1. nursery operates design of workshop
Multiple graft seedling growth operating platforms are built in factory floor, platform specification requires to be high long 3 m, wide 1.5 m,
0.5 m places 4 benches on platform both sides, can accommodate 4 grafting works while operate, each operating platform takes up an area 10m2；?
Stock laydown area, scion laydown area, nursery stock laydown area after grafting, the positions such as wound binding area are marked off on platform；According to factory
Workshop size can put operating platform in varying numbers；Reasonable, easy to operate, high production efficiency that the platform nursery material is placed,
It is at low cost.
3.2, which graft preceding nursery stock, arranges
Root system is carried out to rootstock seedling before grafting and branch slightly trims arrangement: cutting off overground part slightly from the above branch of rhizome 15cm, root
System cuts off outside too long main root, and as far as possible to retain lateral root, overstocked position suitably removes, to shear again to injured root item, with benefit more
It heals in wound location, nursery stock has wiped out a large amount of useless branches slightly after arranging, and nursery stock volume-diminished, nursery stock coherence enhancing is convenient for
Later period batch production seedling grafting efficiency improves and transportation cost reduces, and does not influence seedling growth.
The grafting of 3.3 stocks and scion
The grafting of stock and scion is using double tongue graftings, specific steps are as follows: scion is cut into the stem section of long 8-10cm, stem
Section top retains at least one full bud, and stem section base portion cuts out the angle that length is 3cm with dedicated grafting knife, and among angle
Longitudinally one edge of a knife of incision, depth reach 2cm, stock upper end are similarly cut out to the angle of 3cm, and in angle middle position for position
One edge of a knife of longitudinal incision, depth reach 2cm, and then by scion and the alignment insertion of stock bevel notch, mainly forming layer is aligned,
Complete grafting operation；Double tongue graftings have many advantages, such as that wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent is high, growth is fast,
Quality is grafted to improve batch production, the dedicated long 15cm of grafting knife knife handle, thickness 2cm are wrapped up with wood materials, additional Antislip plastic
The bed of material, blade long 6cm, width 2cm, point of a knife be it is oblique, dedicated grafting knife does material by using manganese steel, and hardness is big, blade cutting edge of a knife or a sword
Benefit causes the coplanar flat of cutting, is easy to heal.
The fusing wrapping of 3.4 graft union candles
The plant grafted, is wrapped up with plastic film first: being selected with a thickness of 0.02mm, width is 40mm polyethylene
Then plastic film, binding grafting wound utilize candle flame, plastics are bound with three circle of plastic film winding at grafting
Binding strap, is pasted together rapidly by band fusing, using candle fusing technology, does not need to knot in grafting interface process of binding
Grafting time is saved in binding, improves grafting efficiency；After graft union heals completely, do not need to unbind during seedling growth
Interface plastic film, under the influence of the thickening tension of branch stem section, plastics binding strap bonding port can be opened and be detached from automatically, be saved
Unbundlings link during seedling growth, can saving of work and time, while being also prevented from and plastic film cut open using cutter, cause to seedling
The mechanical injuries of wood.
The binding of 3.5 graftings arranges
Plant after grafting, root system are put with overground part neatly upward downward, and every 20 plants are a bundle, are tied with rubber band,
Label note nursery stock kind.
4 nursery stocks save and transport
4.1 nursery stocks save
The nursery stock grafted is placed in cryo-conservation in freezer: nursery stock storage bar groove is set up in freezer, bottom spreads one layer
Nursery stock, is then deposited in above river sand by the wet river sand of 20cm thickness, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fills up nursery stock gap；It is cold
Library temperature controls between 2-5 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 70-80%, check at any time temperature and humidity in library, to prevent nursery stock humidity excessive,
It goes rotten.
4.2 seedling transportation
The nursery stock of long-distance transport is to prevent nursery stock moisture loss, high-quality packed in cases should be selected to transport: first in carton
Surrounding spreads layer of plastic film, and the wet saw end of one layer of 10cm thickness is then laid in the bottom of box, puts one in sawdust upper horizontal
Layer nursery stock, centre overlay 1 layer of 5cm thickness sawdust, can continue to place nursery stock, can continuously place 5-7 layers, after filling nursery stock, use plastics
Film package nursery stock, cabinet binder bundle solid.To prevent humidity in cabinet excessive, plant percent, Ying Xiang are influenced
Body both ends middle position pre-sets ventilation mouth, and ventilation mouth diameter is 2cm.The seedling packing method can guarantee seedling in transporting procedures
Demand of the wood to moisture reduces the dehydration of nursery stock in transportational process and loses caused by drying up.
Batch production grafting has high production efficiency, is not limited by external environmental condition, educated seedling quality in the present invention
The advantages that good, overcomes the limitation of external environmental condition in nursery, and using easy operating platform, ties up what nursery stock was made rational planning for
Prick and storage, every sport technique segment during perfect fruit tree seedling culture, realize pear tree efficiently, low cost, high quality and batch production
Fast breeding, change traditional pear tree method for culturing seedlings, reduce the cost and technical difficulty of pear tree nursery, the technical method
It is easy, practical, effect is good, has a extensive future, there is energetically facilitation to pear tree nursery stock production；
Pear tree nursery stock has wiped out a large amount of useless branches slightly after arranging in the present invention, nursery stock volume-diminished, nursery stock coherence enhancing,
It is improved convenient for later period batch production seedling grafting efficiency and transportation cost reduces, and do not influence seedling growth；Double tongues are transferred in the present invention
Connection is never applied in pear tree nursery, but double whip grafts are with wound facing face is big, interface is firm, plant percent
The advantages that height, fast growth, pear tree industrial seedling rearing quality can be improved, the material used does material for manganese steel, uses wood materials
Package, the additional Antislip plastic bed of material, point of a knife is oblique, firm, the rapid operation of design holding, more superior than Common Use Tools；
The present invention uses candle fusing technology, the binding that knots is not needed in grafting interface process of binding, when saving is grafted
Between, improve grafting efficiency；After graft union heals completely, unbundlings plastic film is not needed during seedling growth, in branch
Under the influence of the thickening tension of stem section, plastics binding strap bonding port can be opened and be detached from automatically, during eliminating seedling growth
Unbind link, can saving of work and time, while being also prevented from and plastic film cut open using cutter, cause the mechanical injuries to nursery stock；
The nursery stock grafted is placed in freezer cryo-conservation and spreads wet river sand by bottom, can save persistently, increase at
Motility rate is solved nursery stock after grafting in transportational process using the packed in cases transport with wet saw end and is easy during transportation
The problem of dehydration, increases moist keeping measures, and motility rate is high, and by reserving blow vent, prevents humidity in plant box excessive, cause nursery stock
It goes rotten.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail a variety of equivalents can be carried out to technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, this
A little equivalents all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pear tree rapid propagation in factory method, which is characterized in that including the following steps: rootstock seedling is cultivated, scion
Prepare, batch production grafting, nursery stock storage and transport；
(1) rootstock seedling is cultivated,
The selection of 1.1 pear tree stock varieties,
Select the excellent variety of the pear tree of resistance as stock；
1.2 rootstock seedlings are cultivated,
Excellent seed is selected, it is 5 DEG C that seed, which is placed on temperature, and humidity carries out the processing of low temperature level, processing under the conditions of being 70%
Time is 50-60 days；By processed seed, seeding and seedling raising is carried out using Small plastic shed in March, carries out field after the long 10cm of seedling
Transplanting, nursery stock spacing 10cm carry out conventional fertilizer and water management, and July, young sprout top summer continuous pinching, reached in nursery stock rugosity
0.5cm or more, one year seedling are out of the garden for graft stock；
(2) excellent scion variety selection,
Select pear tree excellent variety, it is desirable that branch development enriches, sprout is full, without any pest and disease damage, is tied up with 50 for 1 bundle
It pricks, and carries out kind label, it is spare to be placed in low-temperature cold-storage；
(3) indoor industrially is grafted,
3.1 grafting operation design of workshop,
Multiple grafting operation platforms are built in operation workshop, stock laydown area, scion laydown area, grafting are marked off on platform
Nursery stock laydown area afterwards, wound bind area；
3.2, which graft preceding nursery stock, arranges,
Root system is carried out to rootstock seedling before grafting and branch slightly trims arrangement: cutting off overground part slightly from the above branch of rhizome 15cm, root system is cut
It goes outside too long main root, as far as possible to retain lateral root, overstocked position suitably removes, to shear again to injured root item more, in favor of wound
The healing of oral area position；
The grafting of 3.3 stocks and scion,
The grafting of the stock and scion is using double tongue graftings, specific steps are as follows: scion is cut into the stem section of long 8-10cm,
Stem section top retains at least one full bud, and stem section base portion cuts out the angle that length is 3cm with dedicated grafting knife, and in angle
Between position longitudinally incision one edge of a knife, depth reach 2cm, stock upper end is similarly cut out to the angle of 3cm, and in angle interposition
One edge of a knife of longitudinal incision is set, depth reaches 2cm, then by scion and the alignment insertion of stock bevel notch, mainly forming layer pair
Together, that is, grafting operation is completed；
The fusing wrapping of 3.4 graft union candles,
The plant grafted binds grafting wound with plastic film first, then sharp with three circle of plastic film winding at grafting
With candle flame, plastic film binding strap is fused, is rapidly pasted together binding strap；
The binding of 3.5 graftings arranges,
Plant after grafting, root system are put with overground part neatly upward downward, and every 20 plants are a bundle, are tied with rubber band, patch note
Nursery stock kind label；
(4) nursery stock saves and transports,
4.1 nursery stocks save,
The nursery stock grafted is placed in cryo-conservation in freezer: nursery stock storage bar groove is set in freezer, bottom is laid with wet river sand, so
Nursery stock is deposited in above river sand afterwards, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fills up nursery stock gap；
4.2 seedling transportations,
The nursery stock of long-distance transport selects high-quality packed in cases transport: bottom and side are laid with plastic film first in carton, so
It is laid with wet saw end in the bottom of box afterwards, one layer of nursery stock is put in sawdust upper horizontal, is then laid with sawdust, continues to place nursery stock,
5-7 layers, after filling nursery stock continuously are placed, with plastic film package nursery stock, cabinet binder bundlees solid.
2. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Root-stock selection Du
Pears, bean pear, oblonga or Ussurian pear resistance excellent variety.
3. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the scion selection is crisp
Hat, gold, Qiu Yue, the Huashan, new type deposit or Yu Luxiang resistance excellent variety.
4. pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The dedicated grafting knife does material using manganese steel, and the long 15cm of knife handle, thickness 2cm is wrapped up with wood materials, additional anti-
Sliding plastic layer, the long 6cm of blade, width 2cm, point of a knife is oblique.
5. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the one year seedling, slightly
Degree is 0.5-1.0cm, length 50-80cm.
6. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the operating platform specification
It is required that for long 3 m, wide 1.5 m, the wooden tables of high 0.5 m.
7. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the modeling in the step 3.4
Expect that film is selected with a thickness of 0.02mm, width is 40mm sealed polyethylene plastic.
8. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that saved in the nursery stock
In the process, nursery stock storage bar groove is set up in freezer, bottom spreads the wet river sand of one layer of 20cm thickness, nursery stock is then deposited in river
It is husky above, after placing nursery stock, then with river sand fill up nursery stock gap；Temperature of ice house controls between 2-5 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at
70-80%, temperature and humidity in library is gone rotten check at any time with preventing nursery stock humidity excessive.
9. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the seedling transportation
In the process, surrounding spreads layer of plastic film in carton, the wet saw end of one layer of 10cm thickness is then laid in the bottom of box, in sawdust
Upper horizontal puts one layer of nursery stock, and centre overlays 1 layer of 5cm thickness sawdust, continues to place nursery stock, continuously place 5-7 layers, finally with modeling
Expect film package nursery stock, cabinet binder bundlees solid.
10. the pear tree rapid propagation in factory method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the seedling transportation
In the process, ventilation mouth is pre-seted in tank ends middle position, ventilation mouth diameter is 2cm.
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| CN110024576A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-19 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of binding method for grafting nursery stock |
| CN117981591B (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2024-09-03 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Industrialized grafting seedling raising method for pear trees |
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