CN1085005C - 用于发送和接收视频信号的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于发送和接收视频信号的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1085005C
CN1085005C CN95193432A CN95193432A CN1085005C CN 1085005 C CN1085005 C CN 1085005C CN 95193432 A CN95193432 A CN 95193432A CN 95193432 A CN95193432 A CN 95193432A CN 1085005 C CN1085005 C CN 1085005C
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J·F·罗森格伦
R·W·J·J·塞伊斯
J·H·D·M·韦斯特里克
M·J·范德科斯特
G·J·罗伯特
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Abstract

基于MPEG2的传输系统用单个物理频道发送大量数字电视节目。此处揭示的是“频道导引系统”，它允许用户得知所提供的节目的全貌，并很容易选择一个想要的节目。本发明的方法包括(作为输送信息流的单独的节目)发送表示镶嵌图象的视频信息流，镶嵌图象中的子画面是该输送信息流中其它节目的视频信息流的小型版。本方法还包括使镶嵌图象中的每个子画面的位置与子画面的节目号码相联系并传送此信息。用户只要藉助于“指点和单击”在镶嵌图象上的想要节目的小型版就可选择该想要的节目。

Description

用于发送和接收视频信号的装置和方法
发明领域
本发明涉及用于发送视频信号的发射机和方法。本发明也涉及用于接收视频信号的接收机和方法。
发明背景
如所周知，包括多个子画面的镶嵌图象是在电缆网络中传送的。每个子画面再现了现有电视节目的小型版面。镶嵌视频信号允许用户对所有可接收的电视节目有一个全貌的了解。然而，为了选择想要的电视节目，用户必须知道相应的信道号码或有关的节目号码。并通过遥控装置输入所述号码。
发明目的和概要
本发明的一个目的主要是改进已知的装置，具体地是提供一种用于发送视频信号的发射机，它能帮助用户容易地从所提供的大量节目中选择一个想要的节目。
按照本发明的第一方面，该目的可由电视发射机通过公用频道发送多个视频信号来达到，每个视频信号具有一个节目号码，该发射机适合于产生包括多个子画面的镶嵌视频信号(其中每个子画面代表所述多个视频信号中的一个信号)，并产生把屏幕上每个子画面的位置和相关的视频信号的节目号码相联系的数据，以及通过所述公用频道发送所述镶嵌视频信号和联系数据。
用于接收和显示来自所述发射机的信号的相应的电视接收机包括一个显示屏幕，一个指点装置，用于接收联系数据和对显示的及由指点装置所指点的子画面的位置所代表的视频信号的节目号码进行译码、以及适合于选择所述视频信号以供显示的装置。
因而，本发明允许用户藉助于在镶嵌图象上简单地“指点和单击”该相应的子画面来选择想要的节目。
应当指出，接收机本身是已知的，它允许收看者藉助于在镶嵌屏幕上“指点和单击”相关的子画面而很容易地选择想要的节目。日本专利申请JP-A-1-246972揭示了一种藉助于沿多个视频频道对调谐器进行扫描且同时作为镶嵌图象来显示这些频道的小型图象的方法来产生镶嵌图象的电视接收机。欧洲专利申请EP-A-O 494752揭示了一种包括多个视频源和连接到这些源的实施模块的加密系统，该模块能组合成镶嵌屏幕。所选择的源则在镶嵌屏幕上被显示为另一个(较大的)图象。在这些已有技术的接收机中，子画面位置与相关视频节目之间的关系是已知的，因为是由接收机本身产生镶嵌图象。不过，这些装置因而是复杂的，需要大量的(通常是数字的)存储器，并因而使这样的接收机昂贵得多。
本发明的另一些方面更具体地涉及发送和接收数字视频信号。发送数字视频信号的一种已知方法已被揭示于“ISO/IEC CD 13818.1：Information technology-Generic coding of moving pictures andassociated audio information-Part 1：Systems(信息技术-活动画面及其相关音频信息的一般编码-第一部分：系统)”，1993-12-01中，它也被称为MPEG2系统标准。该已知方法包括以下步骤：把所述视频信号编码成相应的基本(elementary)比特流，并把所述基本比特流多路转换为一输送数据流。已知的MPEG2传输系统是一基于信息包的多路转换系统。每个输送信息包属于视频、音频或数据的一个基本信息流。一个或多个基本信息流构成一节目。包括多个节目的MPEG2输送信息流通过一单个物理频道发送。
按照本发明的第二方面，用于发送多个数字视频信号(其中每个信号被变换编码为各个基本比特流)的电视发射机包括：用于组合包括子画面的镶嵌图象的装置，其每个子画面表示所述多个视频信号中的一个信号；用于把所述镶嵌图象编码为另外的基本比特流的装置；用于发送所述另外的基本比特流的装置；以及用于发送把镶嵌图象上每个子画面的位置和相关的视频信号相联系的数据的装置。
镶嵌图象上的子画面不一定是相关视频节目的实时小型版。在本发明的具有吸引力的实施例中，至少有一个子画面具有由相关视频信号传送的电视节目的特征。藉此可让用户清楚地认出在镶嵌图象上的节目，即使该“实时”节目暂时被例如电视广告所中断。相应的电视接收机包括：用于从镶嵌信号得出所选择的子画面的装置、以及用于在选择所述视频信号后的一段预定时间间隔内同时显示所选择的子画面和相关的视频信号的装置。这样，如果在选择时正好在发送广告，仍可避免对于此节目是否真正是所选择的节目产生混淆。
在另一个实施例，子画面表示已排定在以后将要传输的各个节目的特征，而该联系数据则包括用于编程接收机以自动显示或记录所述排定节目的安排数据。电视接收机现在可很容易地被编程以便藉助于在镶嵌屏幕上“指点和单击”该相应的子画面而自动显示或记录想要的节目。
通常，基本MPEG视频比特流包括独立编码和预测编码的图象，它包括具有DC-系数的变换编码数据决。在发射机的一个实施例中，用于组合镶嵌图象的装置包括用于选择独立编码图象的DC-系数以构成所述子画面的装置。这样，镶嵌图象可以用简单的MPEG译码器从编码的视频信号中得出。镶嵌图象同时从空间上和时间上加以缩减，因而只需用低的比特速率来传送。
要注意到，欧洲专利申请EP-A 0 598 576提出了用于调谐操作的带多画面显示的电视信号发送和接收系统。然而，EP-A 0 598 576是在本专利申请的优先权日期以后公布的。
附图概述
图1-4显示了按照本发明的发射机实施例。
图5显示了说明图3所示译码器工作的流程图。
图6-7显示了按照本发明的电视接收机的实施例。
图8显示了说明图6-7所示电视接收机工作的流程图。
实施例描述
图1显示了按照本发明的发射机的第一实施例。发射机可放置在有线电视网络的开头端。发射机接收由各个卫星、地面或有线电视接收机(未示出)接收的多个视频信号。在图上，只显示了三个视频信号V1，V2和V3。它们被分别加到MPEG2视频编码器2，3和4。所述编码器适合于按照“ISO/IEC CD 13818-2：Information technology-Genericcoding of moving picture and associated audio information-Part 2：Video(信息技术-活动画面及其相关音频信息的一般编码-第二部分：视频)”1993-12-01，也被称为MPEG2视频编码标准而对各个视频编码器进行编码和压缩。它们的输出信号分别为基本比特流E1，E2和E3。视频信号还被加到组合电路1，它包括属于每个视频信号的一个水平和垂直子采样器10，11和12。每个子采样器产生各个视频图象的小尺寸的子画面。子画面在控制电路14的控制下被存储在图象存储器13的相应的部分，使得电视屏幕上出现4×4或5×5个子画面。控制电路14还适合于读出图象存储器13，以便得出镶嵌视频信号Vm。所述信号Vm被加到另一个MPEG2编码器5，以便被编码为另一个基本比特流Em。在所示的实施例中，基本比特流V1，V2，V3和Vm被多路转换器6多路转换为输送信息流TS。然而，基本信息流Vm也可作为单独的输送信息流被发送。控制电路14还适合于产生联系数据L和把所述联系数据加到输送信息流TS中。
图2显示了发射机的第二实施例。该实施例不同于第一实施例之处在于视频信号V1…V3现在由各个源(未示出)在本地产生。另外，每个源产生一辅助画面(例如一静止画面)作为该节目的特征。作为一
个例子，视频信号V1传送Oprah Winfrey的演出，则辅助信号V1a就是Oprah Winfrey的静止画面。此实施例的优点在于接收机端的镶嵌屏幕清楚地表示Oprah Winfrey演出正在被广播，即使该节目被电视广告暂时中断。
图3显示了发射机的第三实施例。在该实施例中，要发送的视频信号假定已可作为相应的MPEG基本信息流E1…E3而提供。它们由多路分路器7从所接收的输送信息流TS1中读出，并直接被加到多路转换器6。它们还被加到组合电路1，该电路包括用于对基本信息流译码和产生各个子画面的装置16，17，18。所述装置可具有按照MPEG2视频标准的MPEG译码器的形式。然而，也可使用“简单的”MPEG译码器来替代，就像现在将加以说明的那样。
正如在视频编码领域中通常熟知的那样，每个基本信息流E1…E3包括独立编码(autonomously coded)图象(I-图象)和预测编码图象(P和B图象)。编码过的图象含有表示视频信号频谱分量的系数块。独立编码块的DC系数代表了8×8象素块的平均象素值。这特别适用于I-图象的所有各块。现在可参照图5所示流程图来解释“简单的”MPEG译码器16，17，18的工作。在第一步30，译码器丢弃所有数据直到遇到一个画面的起始码为止。这时接收确定一个画面的数据。在步骤31，对放在画面头部的图象编码类型进行译码。在步骤32，确定所述图象编码类型是否表示接收到了I-图象。如果不是这种情况，则译码器返回到步骤30，以等待下一个图象起始码。如果图象是一个I-图象，则译码器继续等待接收信息片头(slice header)(步骤33)和接收宏信息块(步骤34)。
在步骤35，译码器对在当前的宏信息块内的信息块的DC-系数译码并输出。在步骤36，信息块的后面的系数被丢弃，直到检测出一信息块结束的代码。在步骤37，确定宏信息块的所有信息块是否都已被处理。只要不是这一情况，则译码器返回到步骤35。在步骤38，确定信息片的所有宏信息块是否都已被处理。只要不是这一情况，则译码器返回到步骤34。最后，在步骤39，确定图象的所有信息片是否都已被处理。只要不是这一情况，则译码器返回到步骤33。如果所有信息片都已被处理，则译码器返回到步骤30，以便搜寻在比特流中的下一个I-图象。
这样，译码器就从输入的比特流中提取I-图象的DC-系数。所述系数被进行反量化，然后被存储在存储器14中(见图3)。每个DC系数代表8×8象素信息块的平均亮度或色度值，并构成子画面的一个象素。因为活动补偿电路是冗余的并且因为可变长度译码器仅仅需要对有限的可变长度码字的集译码，因此译码器16-18是很简单的。而且，因为子画面在空间上和时间上被缩减过，所以传输镶嵌信号Em只需要很低的比特速率。
图4显示了发射机的第四实施例。该实施例与第三实施例不同之处在于，对于每个基本信号E1…E3，接收的输送信息流TS1包括了输送相关基本信息流低质量版本的低比特率辅助基本信息流E1a…E3a。更具体地说，每个辅助基本信息流可能只包括按参照图3所说明的方式而得出的I-图象的DC系数。在这种情况下，辅助基本流E1a…E3a是相关主信号在空间上和时间上缩减过的版本。低比特率的信息流也可输送该节目所特有的静止图象。
现在将给出在来自发射机的输送信息流中容纳联系数据的方法。如在MPEG2系统标准中所揭示的，输送信息包用信息包识别符(PID)作标记，它识别信息包所属的基本信息流。一个或多个基本信息流组成具有节目号码的一个节目。一个典型节目可包含三种基本信息流：音频、视频和数据。几种基本信息流合并成一个节目是藉在节目联合表中产生一个项来完成的，这个联合表以具有预定的信息包识别符(PID)的输送信息包的形式被发送。对于每个节目，节目联合表含有其节目号码和用来传送“节目对应表”的输送信息包的PID。“节目对应表”含有组成该节目的基本信息流及它们相应的PID清单。节目对应表还可包含关于每个基本信息流的其它信息。所述信息以所谓的描述符的形式被发送。
在本发明的实施例中，镶嵌图象作为包括基本信息流Em的节目而被发送，如果想要的话，也可包括音频基本信息流。有关的联系数据是使用上述节目表中的描述符而发送的。描述符被称作为mosaic_picture_descriptor。节目对应表中有关的句法的例子被显示于以下的表I：
    mosaic_picture_descriptordescriptor_tag            8 uimsbfdescriptor_length         8 uimsbfhorizontal_partitioning   4 uimsbfvertical_partitioning     4 uimsbffor(i＝0；i＜n；i++){program_number    16 uimsbf}}
表1此处，参量descriptor_tag和descriptor_length分别规定了描述符的类型和长度。参量horizontal_partitioning和vertical_partitioning表示有多少个子画面被包容在镶嵌图象内。语法中的for-子句表示把哪个节目号码赋给每个子画面，子画面被编序为，例如，从左到右和从上到下。
图6显示了按照本发明的电视接收机的第一实施例。接收机包括多路分路器40，MPEG音频译码器41，扬声器42，MPEG视频译码器43，显示屏幕44，微处理器45和遥控器46。多路分路器40接收一个或多个MPEG输送信息流TS，每个信息流包括多个数字电视节目。以原来知道的方式，微处理器45把表示一个想要的节目的基本音频信息流A和基本视频信息流V的信息包识别符PID以及含有联系数据的信息包PID加到所述的多路分路器。所选择的音频信息流A由MPEG音频译码器41译码并由扬声器42重放。所选择的视频信息流V由MPEG视频译码器43译码并被重现于显示屏幕44上。联系数据L被加到微处理器45。
现在参照图8所显示的流程图来说明电视接收机的工作。在步骤50，微处理器从遥控器接收对显示镶嵌图象的请求。在步骤51，检验在输送信息流TS中是否有这样的镶嵌图象。此检验包括接收节目对应表和分析在该对应表中是否含有mosaic_picture_descriptor。这样，接收机自动确定在输送信息流中是否发送了镶嵌图象。如果没有镶嵌图象可用，则程序执行子程序52，以允许用户以传统方式选择想要的电视节目。
如果发现有可用的镶嵌图象，则执行步骤53，处理器把镶嵌基本视频信息流的PID加到多路分路器。在这一阶段，接收机显示镶嵌图象。在步骤54，微处理器从节目对应表(见表I)中的参量horizontal_partitioning和vertical_partitioning得出子画面号码。
利用在用户遥控器上的光标键，用户这时可移动在显示屏幕上的光标，并选择显示在屏幕上的一个子画面。在步骤55，微处理器读出光标的坐标，并扫描节目对应表(见表1)以得到有关的节目号码。在步骤56，和所述节目号有关的基本音频和视频信息流的PID被加到多路分路器。这时就接收所选择的电视节目。微处理器程序返回到步骤50，以等待对显示镶嵌图象的新请求。
图7显示了按照本发明的电视接收机的第二实施例。此接收机不同于第一实施例之处在于它包括另一个MPEG视频译码器47和视频开关48。该另外的译码器接收表示镶嵌信号的基本信息流Em。译码器也从微处理器45接收由用户指点的子画面的座标X，Y。在第一译码器43译码和显示所选节目的同时，另一个译码器47接收镶嵌信息流Em。另一个译码器对于在基本信息流Em中的每个宏信息块确定它是否属于具有座标为X，Y的子画面。如果是这一情况，则宏信息块被译码，所得出的象素被送到视频开关48。被选节目所特有的子画面被因而摘出，并以画中画的形式被显示。
当镶嵌信号输送相关节目的特征画面时，本实施例特别有利。例如，如果正在广播Oprah Winfrey的演出时，那么在镶嵌图象上的相关的(静止的)子画面可显示Oprah Winfrey的照片。任何时候，即使该演出被电视广告暂时中断，用户仍可从镶嵌图象推断出该演出还在广播。藉助于摘出(静止的)子画面并在一段时间内显示此画面就可避免关于所显示的节目(商业广告)是否确实是所选的节目(Oprah Winfrey的演出)的混淆。
概括地说，本发明的背景是以单个物理频道广播大量节目的数字电视的出现。由于观众很难得到所提供的节目的全貌，因此设想将来会有不同种类的“电子节目导引”或“频道导引系统”。本发明涉及这种类型中非常简单的一种系统。按照本发明的方法是基于MPEG2的，并且包括能表示镶嵌图象的视频信息流的传送(在输送信息流的单独的节目中)，该镶嵌图象的子画面是在该输送信息流中其它节目的视频信息流的小型化版本。本方法还包括传送使镶嵌图象内的每个子画面的位置与用以得出子画面的节目号码相联系的信息。这样，镶嵌图象和联系信息就可用于简单的导引系统。
一般地说，导引系统的功能如下。用户正在观看某个节目，同时希望观看一些其它的内容。这时，他切换到镶嵌节目，例如，通过在其节目说明中的mosaic_picture_descriptor的出现而得知该镶嵌节目的存在。用户在镶嵌图象上指定他所希望观看的节目后，他就给频道导引系统发一个命令，通知它在镶嵌图象上相应的子画面的位置。这可用例如“指点和单击”来完成。然后频道导引系统利用例如在mosaic_picture_descriptor中提供的信息，把该位置变换为节目号码。最后，频道系统发出请求给多路分路器以便选择该节目。

Claims (11)

1.一种发送多个视频信号的电视发射机，每个视频信号有一个节目号码，该发射机包括经公用频道发送视频信号的混频装置(6)，产生包括多个子画面的镶嵌视频信号的组合装置(1)，每个子画面表示所述多个视频信号之一；所述发射机还包括：产生把显示屏幕上每个子画面的位置和相关的视频信号的节目号相联系的数据的联系装置(14)，所述混频装置(6)通过所述公用频道发送所述镶嵌视频信号和联系数据，所述联系数据利用MPEG2描述符(15)的形式来发送。
2.如在权利要求1中所要求的电视发射机，其特征在于所述视频信号是数字视频信号，每个信号被变换编码为相应的基本比特流，该发射机还包括：
用于把所述镶嵌图象编码为另外的基本比特流的装置(5)；所述混频装置包括将每个相应的基本比特流、所述另外的基本比特流和联系数据复用成输送信息流以便经所述公用频道发送的多路复用器(6)
3.如在权利要求1或2中所要求的电视发射机，其特征在于至少有一个子画面具有相关的视频信号所输送的电视节目的特征。
4.如在权利要求2中所要求的电视发射机，其特征在于，其中基本比特流包括被独立编码和预测编码的图象，它包含具有DC-系数的经过变换编码的信息块，而其中用于组合镶嵌图象的装置(1)包括用于选择独立编码图象的DC-系数以构成所述子画面的装置(16、17、18)。
5.一种用于接收和显示多个视频信号和表示包括多个子画面在内镶嵌画面的镶嵌视频信号的电视接收机，每个子画面表示所述多个视频信号中的一个信号，每个视频信号具有一节目号码；该接收机包括显示屏幕(44)；该接收机还包括用户控制的用于从镶嵌画面中选择一个选定子画面的遥控装置(46)，和用于接收将镶嵌画面的每个子画面的位置和相关视频信号的节目号码联系起来的数据并对之进行译码、以及适合于选择由所述选定子画面表示的选定视频信号以供显示的控制装置(45)，所述联系数据以MPEG2描述符的形式被接收。
6.如在权利要求5中所要求的电视接收机，其特征在于，视频信号是数字视频信号并且被变换编码为基本比特流，多个基本比特流被多路转换为输送信息流，所述比特流之一表示镶嵌图象，该电视接收机还包括：
从输送信息流提取所述基本比特流的多路分路装置(40)；
用于接收基本比特流并对其译码以将其显示在显示屏(44)上的装置；
所述控制装置还用来使接收和译码装置接收代表所述选定视频信号的基本比特流并对其译码。
7.如在权利要求5或6中所要求的电视接收机，其特征在于，进一步包括用于从镶嵌信号中得出由所述用户控制的遥控装置(46)选择的子画面的装置(47)，以及用于在选择所述视频信号后的一段预定时间内同时显示所选择的子画面和相关的视频信号的装置(48)。
8.如在权利要求6中所要求的电视接收机，其特征在于，所述控制装置(45)适合于对所述描述符的接收进行检测并根据所述的检测来控制对表示镶嵌视频信号的基本比特流的接收和显示。
9.一种通过公用频道发送多个视频信号的方法，其每个视频信号具有一个节目号码，该方法包括以下步骤：
产生包括多个子画面的镶嵌视频信号，每个子画面表示所述多个视频信号之一；所述方法还包括下列步骤：
产生使显示屏幕上每个子画面的位置与相应的视频信号的节目号相联系的联系数据；以及
通过所述公用频道发送所述镶嵌视频信号和联系数据
所述联系数据以MPEG2描述符(15)的形式来发送。
10.如权利要求9所要求的发送多个数字视频信号的方法，所述视频信号是数字视频信号，每个视频信号被变换编码为相应的基本比特流，把所述镶嵌视频图象编码为另一个相应基本比特流；该方法包括以下步骤：
把每个相应基本比特流、所述另一个基本比特流和联系数据复用为输送信息流以供经所述公用频道发送；
11.一种接收和显示多个视频信号和表示含有多个子画面的镶嵌画面的镶嵌视频信号的方法，每个子画面表示所述多个视频信号中的一个信号，每个视频信号具有一节目号码，该方法包括以下步骤：接收联系数据，所述联系数据把屏幕上每个子画面的位置和相关视频信号的节目号码相联系，对显示的及由遥控装置所指点的子画面的位置所代表的视频信号的节目号码进行译码，以及选择所述视频信号以供显示，所述联系数据以MPEG2描述符的形式被接收。
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EP0964576A1 (en) 1999-12-15
CN1139258C (zh) 2004-02-18
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DE69514508T2 (de) 2000-07-20
KR100354937B1 (ko) 2002-12-26
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AU2082195A (en) 1995-11-10
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ES2165417T3 (es) 2002-03-16
ATE188826T1 (de) 2000-01-15
DE69523321D1 (de) 2001-11-22
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DE69514508D1 (de) 2000-02-17
KR100426515B1 (ko) 2004-04-14
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