CN1139258C - 用于传送和接收数字视频信号的装置 - Google Patents

用于传送和接收数字视频信号的装置 Download PDF

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CN1139258C
CN1139258C CNB951934309A CN95193430A CN1139258C CN 1139258 C CN1139258 C CN 1139258C CN B951934309 A CNB951934309 A CN B951934309A CN 95193430 A CN95193430 A CN 95193430A CN 1139258 C CN1139258 C CN 1139258C
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J·F·罗森格伦
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R·W·J·J·塞伊斯
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E·H·J·珀森
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种从压缩的数字视频信号(例如MPEG)中派生出附加信号的装置。该附加信号包括主信号的被选择部分，例如I--画面的直流系数，或者是未加扰部分。因此，附加信号能显示于画中画电视接收机中，或者作为“开胃剂”以促使用户支付订费。附加信号还能被单独记录在数字视频记录机上以帮助用户寻找带子上加扰节目的开头。附加信号也可以在发射端产生并且以较低的比特率发射。用来解码上述附加信号的解码器相对宽频MPEG解码器来说非常简单且比较便宜。

Description

用于传送和接收数字视频信号的装置
发明领域
本发明涉及用于发射被编码成包括自激(autonomously)编码画面和预编码画面的MPEG基本视频流的数字视频信号的发射机和方法。本发明还涉及用于接收MPEG基本视频流的电视接收机和视频记录机。
发明背景
MPEG是用于发射数字视频节目的基于数据包的时分复用系统。数据以数据包的形式进行发射。每个传送包恰好包括来自一个通过包标志符与其关联的基本视频流的数据。基本流的例子有视频流、音频流和数据流。共享同一时基的一个或多个基本流构成节目。典型的节目包括一个视频流和一个音频流。一个或多个节目组成传送流。在《ISO/IEC CD 13818：信息技术---移动画面及其关联的音频信息的通用编码》(1993--12--01)(ISO/IEC CD 13818：Information technology--Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audioinformation，1993--12--01)中说明了MPEG标准。该标准的第一部分涉及数字传送的系统方面，第二部分更多地涉及视频编码。
EP-A-0 505 985公开了一种数字视频记录机，该视频记录机对包含自激编码(I)画面和预编码(P，B)画面的MPEG比特流进行编码，并随后予以记录。在高速回放所记录的信号时，引导磁头从一幅I-画面跳到下一幅。
EP 0 534 139公开了一种用于显示一系列视频窗口的系统。每个源被分割成“编码间隔”，每个编码间隔是按JPEG压缩的。那些被其他窗口覆盖而不能被显示的编码间隔都被滤掉。
电视接收机有一些大家公认的特征，例如画中画，这就要求复制一些视频处理电路。在MPEG电视接收机中实现上述特征就要求复制MPEG解码器，然而，MPEG解码器是一种既复杂又昂贵的设备。
发明目的及概述
本发明的目的在于解决上述问题。其中一个目的特别在于以更经济的方式实现MPEG接收机的已有特征或者提供一些新特征。该发明的另一个目的在于为数字视频信号提供一种发射机及发射方法，使得以更经济的方式实现接收机的已有特征或新特征成为可能。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于发射被编码成包含自激编码画面和预编码画面的MPEG基本视频流的数字视频信号的发射机，其特征在于，该发射机包括对自激编码画面进行选择以及重新安排所述自激编码画面以组成附加视频信号的单元，该发射机还包括将所述附加视频信号作为附加基本视频流进行发射的单元。由此，通过一种解码器，附加信号就可以在接收端被解码，该解码器和宽频MPEG解码器相比，显得非常简单而且相当便宜。特别是可以省去运动补偿电路和大量的存储器。附加信号就只需要较低的比特率。
附加信号有着各种可能的应用。例如，在画中画电视接收机中，它可以作为画中画予以显示；在多重画中画电视接收机中，可以将一系列的附加信号作为镶嵌画面同时显示；在视频记录机中，附加信号可以单独被记录以便以更高的回放速度进行翻印。
所述发射机的一个实施例的特征在于，附加信号仅仅由自激编码画面的直流系数构成，该信号只需要较低的比特率，并且相应的解码器非常简单。
MPEG还允许信号的一部分是加扰的，而另外一部分是未加扰的。在该发明的另一实施例中，MPEG基本视频流是加扰的，而附加基本视频流是未加扰的。这允许免费观看视频节目，但质量较差。因此，附加信号起着“开胃剂”的作用，使观众的注意力集中在主信号的存在和内容上。当在数字视频记录机上与主信号同时记录附加信号时，附加信号还可以帮助用户寻找带子上加扰节目的开头。
附加信号还可以在接收机或视频记录机中产生。尽管接收的是全频MPEG信号，但是由于省去了运动补偿电路和大量的存储器，解码器仍然是很简单的。
附图的详细说明
图1是用于实现根据本发明所述方法的装置的框图。
图2是用于说明图1所示装置操作的流程图。
图3是根据本发明所述方法实现的另一个实施例的框图。
图4是图3所示装置的操作的流程图。
图5是用于将附加视频信号作为基本MPEG比特流与主视频信号作为同一节目进行发射的装置的框图。
图6是根据本发明的数字画中画电视接收机的框图。
图7是根据本发明的数字多重画中画电视接收机的框图。
图8A和图8B是根据本发明的数字视频记录机的实施例。
实施例的说明
图1示出了根据本发明的装置的框图。该装置包括长度可变解码器10(以下称为VLD)、逆量化器11和画面存储器12。该装置接收代表主视频信号Vm的基本视频流并从中得到附加信号Va。假设主视频信号Vm已经按照被引为MPEG2视频编码标准的《ISO/IEC CD13818-2：信息技术---移动画面及其关联的音频信息的通用编码--第二部分：视频》(1993--12--01)(ISO/IEC CD 13818-2：Informationtechnology--Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audioinformation--Part 2：Video，1993--12--01)进行了编码。为理解本发明，知道主信号Vm包括自激编码画面(I--画面)和预编码画面(P画面和B画面)就足够了。每幅画面被分解为8×8的象素块并且每个块已被转换成频谱系数，其相关系数须经哈夫曼编码和持续长度编码。四个亮度块及伴随的色度块形成宏块，多个宏块形成片。I--画面块的第一(直流)系数代表8×8象素块的平均亮度和色度。比特流Vm还进一步包括同步字、画面类型参数等附加信息。
现在参考图2所示的流程图可以清楚地看出图1所示装置的操作。在第一步20中，VLD读取输入比特流，除非遇到画面开始码，否则VLD就抛弃全部数据。现在接收定义画面的数据。在步21中解码画面头部所含的画面编码类型。在步22中确定该画面编码类型是否指示正在接收I--画面。如果不是，VLD就返回步20，等待下一个画面开始码。如果画面是I--画面，VLD就继续等待接收片头(步23)及接收宏块(步24)。
在步25中，VLD在当前宏块中解码一个块的直流系数并输出。在步26中抛弃了随后的交流系数，直到检测到块尾码为止。在步27中，确定是否宏块中所有的块都已被处理，如果不是，VLD就返回步25。在步28中，确定是否一片中所有的宏块都已处理。若不是，VLD返回步24。最后，在步29中确定是否画面中所有的片都已被处理，如果不是，VLD就返回步23。如果已处理了所有的片，VLD就返回步20以便查找比特流中的下一幅I--画面。
这样，VLD就从输入流中提取了I--画面的直流系数。如图1所示，该系数提供给逆量化器11并存储到存储器12中。每个直流系数代表主视频I--画面中8×8象素块的平均亮度和色度。通过用适当的时间基准来读出所述存储器，就得到了附加视频信号。
在替换的实施例中修改了步25和步26以便解码块中所有的系数。在这种情况下，附加信号包括I--画面并且是主信号的暂时减少型。
图3示出了根据本发明所述方法的装置的另一实施例的框图。在该装置中，把表示主视频信号Vm的比特流提供给存储器30和长度可变的解码器31。该长度可变的解码器分析比特流并产生可写信号WE以确定在存储器中存储的是比特流的哪一部分。以较低的比特率读取存储器以便形成表示附加视频信号Va的基本视频流。
参考图4所示的流程图就可以明白图3所示装置的操作。步20～22与图2所示的相应步相同。因此，在步20中，VLD读取输入流并抛弃所有数据，直到它遇到画面开始码为止。在步21中，对包含在画面头部中的画面编码类型进行解码。在步22中，确定该画面编码类型是否指示正在接收I--画面。如果不是，VLD就返回步20以等待下一个画面开始码。
如果画面是I--画面，就执行步40，在步40中VLD通过产生适当的可写信号允许在存储器中保存画面头。在步41中，接收片头并存储到存储器中。此时接收宏块。在步42中，在存储器中写入直到第一个块的所有宏块数据。
在步43中，VLD检测当前宏块中块的直流系数是否存在，并允许把该系数存储到存储器中。在步44中，抛弃该块中之后的系数，直到检测到块尾码为止。在接收到所述的系数时，VLD抑制产生可写信号。在步45中，在存储器中存储块尾码。在步27～29与图2所示的相应步相同。它们可用于检查当前I--画面是否已经得到处理。
这样，图3所示的装置复制存储器30中的主信号比特流Vm，由此忽略了P--画面、B--画面和I--画面中的非直流系数。通过读取存储器30所得到的附加视频信号Va与图1所示装置产生的信号相同，但适于用作下一级的基本信号传送。该信号是主信号的低比特率副本，具有较低的空间和时间分辨率。
图5示出了根据本发明的发射机。该发射机包括多路解码器50、编码转换器51、用于重新生成节目特别信息的电路52和多路转换器53。该装置接收包传送流TS1。该传送流包括一系列视听节目，每个节目由一个或多个基本流(如画面、声音、数据)组成。该传送流还包括含有节目特别信息(PSI)的包。PSI包说明哪些节目是有效的以及每个节目包含多少个基本信号流和哪些基本信号流。在《ISO/IEC CD13818-1：信息技术---移动画面及其关联的音频信息的通用编码--第一部分：系统》(1993--12--01)(ISO/IEC CD 13818-1：Informationtechnology--Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audioinformation--Part 1：Systems，1993--12--01)--也就是MPEG2系统标准中有传送流和节目特别信息的详细说明。
多路解码器50选择一个要从中得到附加信号Va的基本视频流Vm。在该装置中的其他基本流E1、E2和E3保持不被处理。主视频信号Vm前面已经讨论过了，该主视频信号被用于采用图3所示装置的编码转换器51。编码转换器输出下一级基本信号流形式的附加视频信号。多路解码器50还从传送流TS1中提取节目特别信息包PSI1并把它们送到电路52。该电路更新节目特别信息以指示附加信号Va在输出传送流TS2中存在。该电路还进一步说明Va与产生它的主基本流Va的音像节目相关联。然后用多路转换器53向初始基本流添加更新的节目特别信息PSI2和附加基本流Va并将其作为新的传送流TS2重新传送。
图6示出了根据本发明的数字画中画(PIP)电视接收机的框图。该接收机包括多路解码器60、MPEG2音频解码器61、MPEG2视频解码器62、PIP解码器63和视频混合器64。该多路解码器60接收MPEG2传送流TS并从中提取与想看节目相关联的基本音频流A1和基本视频流V1。分别用音频解码器61和视频解码器62解码基本音频流A1和基本视频流V1。把解码的音频信号送到扬声器65。多路解码器还从传送流TS中进一步提取下一级基本视频流V2，它与要在画中画里显示的其他节目相联系。该下一级基本流V2由PIP解码器63译码并将其转换成具有较低空间和时间分辨率的信号V2’。在视频混合器64中混合视频信号V1和V2’，在显示屏66上进行显示。
在PIP接收机的第一实施例中，基本流V2定义了包含I画面、P画面和B画面的全尺寸、全分辨率的MPEG编码视频信号。在该实例中，已经讨论了PIP解码器63采用图1所示的电路形式的情况。在PIP接收机的第二实施例中，假使V2基本流是由图5所示装置发射的附加视频流。正如图5所解释的那样，基本流V2只包括I--画面的直流系数。在该实施例中，PIP解码器63也采用了图1所示的电路形式，这在前面已讨论过了。但是由于比特流中缺少各种形式的架空数据(overheaddata)，因而不需要处理，这使得长度可变的解码器(图1中的10)变得更简单。
图7示出了根据本发明的数字多重画中画(MPIP)电视接收机的框图。该接收机包括传送流多路解码器70、MPEG2音频解码器71、扬声器72、MPEG2视频解码器73、MPIP解码器74、显示屏75和控制电路76。该多路解码器70接收MPEG2传送流TS并从中提取基本音频流Aj和基本视频流Vj，它们与编号为j的节目相联系。分别用音频解码器71和视频解码器73解码基本流Aj和Vj。把解码的音频信号送到扬声器72。通过开关77，解码的视频信号可以在显示屏75上看到。该多路解码器还进一步从传送流TS中提取与节目i相关联的下一级视频流Vi。该下一级视频流Vi可定义包括I--画面、P--画面和B--画面的全尺寸、全分辨率的MPEG编码视频信号。该下一级视频流Vi也可以是图5所示装置的发射的附加视频流。在此种情况下，如上所述，附加视频信号只包括I--画面的直流系数。
调整MPEG视频解码器74以解码附加信号Vi。该解码器包括长度可变的解码器741、逆量化器742和存储器743。解码器与图1所示装置具有相同的结构。但是，这时的存储器743中有一系列存储节，存储节用写地址WA来访问，每个存储节能存储相应的小型画面。
在工作时，控制电路76从多路解码器70接收含有节目特别PSI信息的传送包。如先前所述，该包确定可收视哪些节目以及每个节目包含多少个基本流和哪些基本流。调节控制电路用于从PSI数据中读取传送包的标志码PID，对每个有效的节目i而言，包标志码PID定义了用来传送与其关联的附加信号Vi的传送包。对多个不同的节目而言，向多路解码器70连续传送相应的PID以便MPIP解码器74获得相关联的附加视频信号Vi。每个解码的小型画面在控制电路76产生的写地址WA控制下存储到存储器743的节中。在用户控制下，多幅小型画面可通过开关77形成在显示屏75上显示的镶嵌式视频画面。
用户选择显示的微型画面(例如通过未示出的光标设备)时，控制电路76把选择的显示屏位置转换成与其相伴随的节目号并控制多路解码器70选择与所选节目相对应的音频流Aj和视频流Vj。控制电路还控制开关77以便在显示屏75上用全尺寸和全分辨率来显示所选节目并通过扬声器72重新产生声音。
图8A和图8B显示了根据本发明的数字视频记录机的两个实施例。该记录机接收MPEG2传送流TS，并包括多路解码器80以从中选择基本音频流A和基本视频流V。假定基本视频流已经加扰成这样，即只加扰了那些预先编码的(P和B)画面。在数字存储媒介81中记录两种基本流。
在图8A所示的实例中，进而把视频流V送到图1所示结构的解码器82。在图8B所示的实施例中，多路解码器进而选择由图5所示装置传送的附加基本流Va。如此前参考图6所说明的那样，把附加流加到“简易”MPEG解码器89上。
在以上两个实例中，附加信号Va包括与视频信号V处于同一节目的I一画面的直流系数。在存储媒介81上单独记录附加视频信号。在正常的回放下，由MPEG2音频解码器83和MPEG2视频解码器85分别解码的记录的音频基本流A和视频基本流V。把音频信号加到音频输出端84上。如果视频信号已加扰，那么它只能在解扰器86处理后才能显示。解扰器可以采用这种电路形式，即只有插入具有足够信用点的智能卡时才能激活电路。这些类型的解扰器是现有技术的本质。之后通过开关87向视频输出端88施加解码的视频信号和解扰的视频信号。
视频记录机可以通过开关87有选择地输出单独记录的附加信号Va。所述信号只包括I--画面的直流系数，因此没有加扰。以减小的尺寸或经适当上采样(upsampling)(未示出)后以原样的大小、较低的分辨率来显示该信号，这一点允许用户不支付费用就可以浏览存储媒介81来定位特别加扰节目的开头。应说明的是，在图8B的装置中，“简易”解码器89也可以定位于视频记录机的画面再生单元(在存储媒介81和开关87之间)。
总之，本发明涉及从压缩的数字视频信号(例如MPEG)获取附加信号的方法和装置。从压缩的信号中选择自激编码画面(I--画面)的直流成分。这样得到的附加信号可用于(多重)画中画电视接收机显示。如果加扰了主信号，那么附加信号可起“开胃剂”的作用以促使用户支付订费。可以单独在视频记录机上记录附加信号、帮助用户找到带子上加扰节目的开头。附加信号也可以在发射端产生，并以较低的比特率发射。用于解码这种附加信号的解码器比全频解码器简化了许多，并且也较便宜。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于传送传送流(TS2)的发射机，所述传送流包括被编码成基本视频流(Vm)的数字视频信号，所述视频流包含自激编码画面和预编码画面，其特征在于所述发射机包括：
选择自激编码画面并将所述自激编码画面复制到附加基本视频流(Va)中的装置(51)；和
复用所述附加基本视频流(Va)和所述基本视频流(Vm)，以产生所述传送流(TS2)的装置(53)。
2.一种用于传送传送流(TS2)的方法，所述传送流包括被编码成基本视频流(Vm)的数字视频信号，所述视频流包含自激编码画面和预编码画面，其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤：
选择自激编码画面(51)；
将所述自激编码画面复制到附加基本视频流(Va)中(51)；
复用(53)所述附加基本视频流(Va)和所述基本视频流(Vm)，以产生所述传送流(TS2).
3.权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述方法还包括步骤：
更新(52)和传送(53)节目专用信息流(PSI2)，以指明附加基本视频流(Va)和相关基本视频流(Vm)的存在。
4.权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述自激编码画面包括具有各自直流系数的变换编码数据块，所述选择自激编码画面(51)并将所述自激编码画面复制到附加基本视频流(Va)中(51)的步骤被调整用于仅仅选择和复制所述直流系数，以获得附加基本视频流(Va)。
5.权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述基本视频流(Vm)是加扰的，而所述附加基本视频流(Va)是不加扰的。
6.一种电视接收机，包括：
对传送流(TS)解复用的装置，以获得代表主画面的第一视频信号(V1)和代表画中画的第二视频信号(V2)，所述第二视频信号(V2)包括含有自激编码画面和预编码画面的第一基本视频流，以及只含有自激编码画面的第二基本视频流(V2’)；以及
用来仅仅选择和解码所述第二视频流(V2’)，以便作为画中画显示的装置(63)。
7.权利要求6所述的电视接收机，其中所述解复用的装置(60)已经被用于获得更新了的指明附加基本视频流(V2’)和相关基本视频流(V2)的存在的节目专用信息流(PSI2)。
8.权利要求6所述的电视接收机，其中自激编码画面包含具有相应直流系数的变换编码数据块，所述第二视频流(V2’)只包含所述直流系数。
9.一种电视接收机，包括：
对传送流(TS)解复用的装置(70)，以获得多个视频信号，每个所述视频信号各自包括含有自激编码画面和预编码画面的第一基本视频流(Vj)，以及只含有自激编码画面的第二基本视频流(Vi)；
用来仅仅选择和解码所述第二视频流(Vi)的装置(70)；以及
作为镶嵌画面同时显示相应的所述多个第二视频流(Vi)的装置(74，75，76)。
10.权利要求9所述的电视接收机，其中所述解复用的装置(70)已经被用于获得更新了的指明所述多个附加基本视频流(Vi)的存在的节目专用信息流(PSI)。
11.权利要求9所述的电视接收机，其中自激编码画面包括具有相应直流系数的变换编码数据块，所述第二视频流(Vi)只包含所述直流系数。
12.权利要求9所述的电视接收机，还包括对显示的所述多个第二视频流(Vi)之一进行选择并调整为对派生出所述第二视频流(Vi)的视频信号(Vj)进行选取、解码和显示(77，73，75)的用户控制单元(76)。
13.一种视频记录机，用于记录和再现编码成包括自激编码画面和预编码
画面的基本视频流(V)的视频信号，所述记录机包括：
选择自激编码画面并将所述自激编码画面复制到附加基本视频流(Va)中的装置(80，82)；
其特征在于还包括；
记录所述附加基本视频流(Va)和所述基本视频流(Vm)的装置(81)；知
有选择地再现所述附加基本视频流(Va)或所述基本视频流(V)的装置(87)。
14.权利要求13所述的视频记录机，其中所述视频记录机包括用于记录更新了的指明附加基本视频流(Va)和相关基本视频流(Vm)的存在的节目专用信息流(PSI)的装置。
15.权利要求13所述的视频记录机，其中自激编码画面包含具有相应直流系数的变换编码数据块，所述选择和记录自激编码画面的装置(80，82，81)被用于只选择和记录所述直流系数。
16.权利要求13所述的视频记录机，其中基本视频流(Vm)是加扰的，而附加基本视频流(Va)是未加扰的。
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KR970702658A (ko) 1997-05-13
US6041068A (en) 2000-03-21
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